Increasingly, land owners are focusing their choice on the construction of houses from timber. The main advantage of this solution is the fact that you can build a house from a bar with your own hands. Such a building has exceptional qualities of reliability, durability and environmental friendliness. Directly, the technology of erecting buildings from a bar is extremely simple and understandable. Even with basic construction skills, all work can be done independently, without the need to contact construction companies.
What kind of wood can be used to build a house from a bar with your own hands? Photo
Before starting construction, it is necessary to choose the most suitable and high-quality material for work. The main qualities of wood are density and strength. In some breeds, these indicators reach the level of most metals, so enough high requirements. The walls of the house must be strong and durable. In addition, they must provide good sound and heat insulation.
However, the tree has a number of disadvantages, the main of which is the low level of fire resistance and the tendency to sedimentary deformation, which is especially often manifested during the first 2-4 years after the completion of the construction process.
Conifers are the most optimal choice for the construction of a building from a bar. This material is durable and resistant to decay processes, it does not crack and does not exert a significant load on the foundation. For self erection at home it is extremely important to remember that not only competent technology construction, but also the material selected according to all the rules will make it possible to build a good wooden house. Therefore, the wood must be dense and wear-resistant.
profiled or solid timber?The bar can be profiled or solid. For construction, you can use both the first and second option. To choose a particular type of material, you should consider the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Build a house from a profile bar with your own hands. Video
Profiled timber provides for the presence of a profile. It has crown grooves and spikes. Such connections are mounted along the entire length of the material, and then the surface is ground. Timber for building a house is delivered already in ready-made. The owner only needs to assemble a building from them. Among all the advantages of houses made of profiled timber, the following stand out:
- Relatively low construction costs.
- High resistance to deformation.
- Low complexity of work.
The building material has an exact shape, which allows you to carry out all the required activities in the shortest possible time. Houses made of similar material have a more attractive appearance and high thermal insulation properties.
The advantages of profiled timber include almost perfect flat surface walls. They do not need to be additionally sheathed with any facing material, as they already look great. Timber walls are protected from rotting, since rain and melt water will not collect in them. The profile is calculated in such a way that precipitation cannot penetrate the interventional seams.
After the house shrinks, there is no need to waste time and effort on caulking. The wood provides excellent wind protection and high level thermal insulation, since the crowns have connections of sufficient density.
However, profiled timber also has disadvantages. Firstly, it does not tolerate many atmospheric influences well enough. Secondly, the timber supports combustion. Therefore, in order to increase the bio- and fire-retardant properties, wood must be treated with antiseptics and impregnations.
The natural moisture content of the material can cause cracks to appear on the timber during the warm season. For this reason, the material must have a moisture content of no higher than 20%. If necessary, chamber drying is required.The initial thickness of the walls of the building from profiled timber will not be enough for optimal use. One way or another, you will have to carry out additional external insulation. However, after construction is completed, it will not be possible to change the layout or carry out an add-on.
Build a house from a solid bar with your own hands. Video
Despite the fact that a solid timber does not have the most presentable appearance, the material is still widely used in construction. The main advantage is the relatively low price. When preparing wood, its standard moisture content is preserved, which makes it possible to get rid of the need for additional procedures and shortens the preparatory stage.
Suitable solid timber can be purchased at any specialized market. Another big advantage of using this material for building a house with your own hands is the absence of the need to use special equipment or special tools.
However, there are also disadvantages, which include:
- When choosing a bar, you must be extremely careful, since unscrupulous sellers provide a bar of poor quality.
- More high costs for finishing work. To obtain a complete and beautiful appearance of the building, it must be sheathed with clapboard or siding.
- A fungus may begin to form on the beam. The reason lies in the natural humidity, since the material does not pass special technology drying. Naturally, it is possible to treat the timber with an antiseptic and special impregnations to prevent the formation of fungus, but this will require additional money and time.
- After shrinkage, the material cracks. To prevent such damage, wooden walls must be stitched on both sides.
- Interventsovy seams are strongly blown. A building made of solid timber is characterized by a significantly lower level of thermal insulation.
Preparation of tools, materials and a project for building a house from a bar with your own hands. Photo
After selection suitable type timber, you can proceed to the purchase of materials, the collection necessary tools and drafting a project plan. If desired, you can purchase materials in finished form. In this case, all the bars are cut to the required dimensions of the tools. There will already be grooves in the material, and all that remains is to lay out the building.
If you wish, you can save on the material if you prepare it yourself. To do this, pay attention to the following factors:
- Large and through cracks are strictly unacceptable.
- Wood must be absolutely “healthy”.
- The material must not show signs of insect infestation.
- Before use, the timber must be treated with special antiseptic compounds.
The work of building a house from a bar with your own hands will require the use of a certain set of tools, which include:
- gasoline or electric saw;
- yardstick;
- hammer;
- electric drill;
- level;
- axe;
- electric screwdriver;
- nails, self-tapping screws, jute;
- perforator.
After preparing all necessary materials and tools, you can start drafting a future house from a bar. To do this, you need to accurately calculate all the required calculations and parameters. The project can be compiled by yourself, since there is nothing complicated in this. Or contact a specialized construction organization.
Building a house from a bar with your own hands: foundation, photo, video
Having prepared on your own or having received a project in your hands, you can begin the arrangement of the foundation. A house made of timber must be built on a reliable solid foundation.
When choosing the type of foundation, you should consider parameters such as:- The main characteristics of the soil on the site.
- Design features.
A wooden house can be built on a wooden or concrete base. The most commonly used concrete foundation, which is laid out brick plinth, and only on top of this structure are walls made of timber, and then a roof. If it is supposed to be exclusively wooden structure, the base is made of wood.
A house from a bar can be built on:
- shallow base;
- deep foundation;
- columnar base;
- belt type support.
As a rule, a strip or shallow foundation is prepared for a house from a bar. 50-70 cm depth will be enough.
Step-by-step instructions for building the walls of a house from a bar with your own hands. Video, photo
After arranging the foundation, you can proceed to laying the walls from the timber. At this stage, the most important thing is to choose optimal technology assemblies. The walls are laid out in rows. The new layer lays down on the previous one until the required wall height is obtained.
The bars have special grooves that provide a snug fit to each other logs. The grooves are insulated with thermal insulation. To increase the strength of the walls, it is necessary to use spikes to connect the beams.
A simplified version involves the use of raw pine timber. The bars weigh a little, so there is no need to call for special lifting equipment for construction.
In the process of erecting walls from a bar on your own, it is important to take into account a number of main requirements. Firstly, all seams should be caulked, which will exclude the possible occurrence of wind blowing through the walls. Secondly, finished walls are treated with special impregnations that increase fire resistance and strength.
Roof and floor installation. Do-it-yourself finishing in a house made of timber, photo
Very often, developers who build wooden block houses try to save money and do it in the process of building a roof, using cheap materials, such as ondulin. But this is wrong - it is categorically not recommended to save on material when finishing the roof for a wooden building.
This element of the house can have different variants performance: it all depends on the roofing and truss systems. Each site is better to equip with the use of boards different size. For example, rafters are assembled from boards with a section of 150x40 mm, and to create braces and racks - 100x40 mm.
When it comes to the arrangement of the floor and the choice of coverage, you need to focus on personal preferences. The only obligatory moment is a competent waterproofing of the floor and ceiling. Particular attention should be paid to the issue of waterproofing basement and basements. Moisture protection is carried out before screeding or leveling. In a cobbled house, you can use:
- coating materials;
- roll waterproofing;
- filling compositions;
- penetrating moisture protection.
Plinths and basements are waterproofed with their own hands without any problems. This process is easy. It is necessary to choose the most suitable and liked material and proceed with its installation in accordance with the technology. 
For a wooden floor, wood-based coatings are better suited: laminate and parquet are the best option, since the material is convenient and easy to install.
More modern materials, then there should be no problems with their installation.
Do-it-yourself finishing of a house from a bar, photo
Finally, installation work is underway. interior doors, window frames and partitions. The subfloor is laid, after which the selected insulation, the finishing floor and top coat. The ceiling is finished with any selected material. On this stage it is necessary to equip water supply, sewerage, heating and energy supply systems.
Exterior decoration is chosen by the owner of the house independently. If desired, the building can be left without external decoration, unless, of course, the appearance and quality of the material allow this. If you want to get some other look, the house can be painted, sheathed with clapboard, siding or finished with other materials.
In this sequence, the construction of a house from a bar with your own hands is carried out. Following the technology, you can get a reliable, comfortable and durable building without resorting to third-party specialists.
At all times, wooden houses were considered the warmest and most environmentally friendly. They have high warmth and soundproof properties. If earlier wooden houses were built from logs, then modern ones can be built from ordinary, glued or profiled timber.
The house, built of timber, has a beautiful and rich appearance, and inside it creates an atmosphere of warmth and comfort. It is very easy to breathe in it, as the tree has good breathability.
Timber differs in manufacturing technology (glued and solid wood), humidity (dry and natural humidity), profile. Profiled and glued beams are the most popular. They have a rectangular or square section.
The profile beam has a certain profile and resembles a log. Its bottom and top sides are machined to fit snugly at the mating points. Glued laminated timber has all smooth sides.
It must be remembered that during operation the tree cracks and shrinks.
Glued beams are deprived of this drawback, since they are pre-processed and glued together special glue boards. Due to the fact that the beam has a rectangular or square shape in section, it is convenient to lay it. The tongue-and-groove fastening system in profiled timber simplifies installation.
Therefore, even a person who has only a little construction experience can build a house from a bar with his own hands. In addition, it is easy to do interior and exterior decoration, as geometrically correct form allows you to get smooth surfaces.
Any material can be used for cladding. Due to the tight fit of the beam, the formation of cold bridges is excluded.
Foundation device
Like any capital structure, a house made of timber needs a foundation. The foundation is the basis of the house and the life of the entire structure depends on its quality.
Most suitable for wooden house is a strip foundation, especially if it is planned to build a basement or cellar under the house.
It is able to withstand significant loads and does not require special equipment during construction. For muddy, wet and loose soils it is better to build a pile-grillage foundation.
It differs from the strip foundation by installing concrete piles in trenches; asbestos pipes can be used as piles. A solid foundation made of a concrete slab is possible, in which case it acts as a subfloor.
Consider phased construction do-it-yourself most popular strip foundation. First of all, the layout of the future home is carried out: location external walls and bearing internal.
To do this, pegs are driven in at the site of corners and load-bearing walls and a fishing line is pulled. After tensioning the fishing line, you need to measure the diagonals, they should be the same. According to the marking, trenches are dug, the width of which should exceed the thickness of the walls by 10 centimeters.
The depth of the trenches should be below the freezing level of the soil, but not less than 60 centimeters. At this stage, a pit is dug according to the size of the future basement or a pit for a cellar. The bottom of the trench is covered with a layer of sand and gravel or crushed stone, 10 centimeters each. In order for the sand to be better compacted, it must be moistened. Concrete 5 centimeters thick is poured over these layers.
On next step Do-it-yourself installation of wooden formwork from a board 20 mm thick is carried out. When constructing formwork, for strength, struts are placed inside, and with outside parties it is supported by supporting boards.
The rods are laid along and across the trench, tying the intersections with wire. After reinforcement is poured concrete mortar. When pouring concrete, to avoid the formation of air bubbles in it, you should use a cement vibrator or tamp it by hand.
When concrete hardens, it must be constantly moistened so that it does not crack during hardening. Concrete, according to the norms, must harden for at least 28 days. After the final hardening of the foundation, you can begin to build walls.
If you understand that you cannot master the construction on your own, then you can contact the company, order a house according to your or your project. For example, look at these options for pine houses, they are quite well developed, and the experience of the company and the quality of the materials are not in doubt among the professional community.
Watch our video compilation on the topic:
Building walls and laying floors
Before you start laying the first crown around the entire perimeter of the basement, you need to lay a waterproofing layer of their two layers of roofing material. This layer will protect the walls from moisture penetration.
Layers should be laid in the following sequence: a layer of bitumen, a layer of roofing material, then again a layer of bitumen and a layer of roofing material. The width of the insulation must exceed the foundation by 30 cm.
After the construction of the walls begins. For walls, a beam is taken depending on climatic conditions. If frosts do not decrease by more than 30 degrees, then a timber with a thickness of about 150 mm is taken. Otherwise, the beam is taken thicker. On bottom harness there is the main load, so it is advisable to put a larch lining board 5 cm thick under the first crown.
It is needed so that in the future, if repairs are required, not all lower crown, but only a wedding board.
Boards and all timber should be carefully treated with an antiseptic to protect against decay and harmful insects, as well as fire retardant compounds that protect against burning.
The first crown is laid halfway down the tree, regardless of how subsequent crowns will be laid. There are three ways of corner connection:
- butt;
- half a tree;
- with the help of a root spike.
After the first or second crown, floor logs are laid. If the base allows, then the logs are laid on it, if not, then they crash into the first crown. The rigidity of the structure is provided by lags and a finished floor.
Therefore, the thickness of the finished floor depends on the distance between the lags. The smaller the distance between the lags, the thinner the finished floor can be.
For example, with a distance between the lags of 40-70 cm, a floor with a thickness of 25-40 mm spreads. Logs must be laid strictly horizontally. A rough floor is laid on the logs from unedged board.
A layer of waterproofing, a layer of insulation, a layer of vapor barrier are laid sequentially on top of the subfloor, and at the end a finishing floor is laid.
In the future, each new crown is laid after the previous one is mounted. A heater is laid between the bars: jute, tow or linen. Better to use tape insulation of suitable length, which is fixed with a stapler.
Gasket gasket eliminates the formation of cold bridges, prevents condensation from collecting and mold formation. This allows you to extend the life of the house. The crowns are fastened together with the help of vertical pins - dowels. They do not allow the beam to twist and move.
Pins can be wooden or metal. Metal ones are more reliable, but they are more expensive. Install dowels in increments of one and a half meters. They usually pass through 2-3 crowns, holes 3-4 cm in diameter are drilled in a checkerboard pattern.
When laying the timber, it is necessary to install window and door frames by cutting the beam to the appropriate length. Boxes are attached to the timber with nails.
If there are no boxes, then temporary risers from unedged boards are installed with the dimensions of future window frames. Internal partitions are made only after the construction of the log house and crash into the main walls.
If under construction two-storey house, whose dimensions are more than 6x6 meters, then at least one partition must be placed on the first floor, which will act as an additional support for the floor on the second floor.
After the first floor of the house is laid out with their own hands, the second floor is covered and the construction of the log house continues.
The ceiling acts as a subfloor on the second floor. Waterproofing on the second floor is not needed. The insulation layer is made for best warmth and floor soundproofing. On construction market We offer a wide range of floor coverings:
- parquet board;
- linoleum;
- laminate;
- tile;
- carpeting, etc.
Any coating is suitable for a house made of timber, it is important that it is in harmony with the interior of the room and fits overall design rooms.
Roof installation
After the walls are erected, the roof construction begins. Roofs can be single-pitched, gable, broken, cross, hipped and others. The most popular are gable and broken.
Due to their simplicity, they can be easily mounted with your own hands. In addition, the design of these roofs allows the construction of an attic.
Roof installation consists of the following steps:
- installation truss system;
- installation of a waterproofing layer;
- device of a heat-insulating layer;
- roofing material installation.
The basis of the roof is the overlap. It must be strong and reliable. For his device are used ceiling beams. They are stacked in increments of at least one meter. When laying beams, you must use a level to achieve a common plane and perfect horizontality.
Then, with the help of rafters, the structure of the future roof is mounted. It is rigidly fixed with the help of crossbars, spacers and racks. First, a frame of rafters is mounted, which are laid at a distance of one meter between each other. Then the fronts are laid out with a bar or boards.
On last step a crate is stuffed on the rafters with a step of at least 40 cm. Next, a waterproofing and heat-insulating layer is arranged.
When the roof frame is ready and all layers are laid, you can proceed to the roofing. The main purpose of the roof is to protect the house from rain and external mechanical influences, but it should also be in harmony with the appearance of the whole house.
Most popular species roofing material is metal, slate, ondulin and corrugated board. Most cheap option roofing - lay roofing material on the crate and cover it with slate sheets on top.
Care and finishing work
If you build a house with your own hands from glued laminated timber, then you can immediately start building finishing work. According to the rules, it takes about two years to shrink a wooden house. During this time, the tree adapts to climatic conditions where the house is located.
During this period, it is important to ventilate the room all the time in order to let it dry well and prevent rotting. After shrinkage, all cracks and cracks that have appeared on the walls must be repaired with a special mastic and constantly covered over with their further appearance.
After the log house has shrunk, windows and doors are installed and you can proceed to its interior and exterior decoration. Houses made of profiled timber do not need finishing, they are beautiful in themselves.
In other cases exterior finish involves painting or covering the entire facade facing materials. Interior decoration consists of ceiling and wall decoration.
If finances allow or it is not possible to build a house with your own hands, you can buy a ready-made one. Prices for such houses depend on the architectural design and construction.
Their cost ranges from 7 thousand rubles to 20 thousand rubles per square meter. The more complex the project, the more expensive it is, especially if the house is built on an individual project.
Below is the table approximate prices for houses made of profiled timber:
| House size, meters | Beam 100 × 150 mm, thousand rubles | Bar 150 × 150 mm, thousand rubles | Beam 150 × 200 mm, thousand rubles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5x5 | 350 | 390 | 450 |
| 6x4 | 450 | 530 | 590 |
| 6x7 | 530 | 610 | 650 |
| 6x8 | 550 | 630 | 690 |
| 6x9 | 739 | 790 | 850 |
| 7x9 | 865 | 895 | 987 |
Houses made of glued laminated timber are about one and a half to two times more expensive. This is due to more complex production technology.
In order for the house to serve for many years, it must be constantly looked after. Update regularly every 3-4 years protective covering. Monitor the condition of the foundation, it should not be flooded to avoid its decay. With proper care, a house built of timber with your own hands can become a family nest and will last for decades.
Building a house is a rather complicated procedure. However, in the case of erecting a building from a bar, you can perform all the stages of this process yourself. To do this, you will need to consider the rules, instructions for the construction. Subject to all norms and recommendations, it is possible to build a strong, durable object.
How a house is built from a bar should be considered before starting work. This will allow you to complete all the steps correctly.
General characteristics of construction technology
The construction of a house from a bar (photo is presented below) is carried out using a special technology. The features of the wood from which the building is being erected allow you to perform the entire procedure yourself. This does not require the use of special equipment. You can also cope with the work together with a small number of assistants (up to 4 people).
A variety of structures can be built from timber. It may be small country house which is operated in summer time, or a large cottage in which people constantly live. From a bar, you can build a building no higher than 3 floors. At the same time, experts recommend choosing building designs that do not differ complex design. Otherwise, it will be difficult to create a house. You can make mistakes.
A beam is a more preferred building material than a log, with self construction. He has rectangular shape. Therefore, the walls will be perfectly flat. Finishing will be easier to do. The bars fit snugly together, which avoids the appearance of
Building a house from wooden beam allows you to add additional structural elements to the project. It can be a veranda or a terrace. You can also provide for a balcony. They harmoniously fit into the overall style of the building.
A house made of timber can look very modern and stylish. Also from this material you can create a hut in ethnic style. The choice of project depends on the taste preferences of the owners of the house. Easier to build yourself one-storey cottages. This will significantly reduce the period of work.
Holding construction works could be at any time of the year. However, in the summer it will be more expedient to do this. There are certain requirements for the selection and use natural material which is wood.
Material Features
To build a house from a bar with their own hands are used different types materials. Wood in this case can be of different species. Timber for construction can be glued, ordinary or profiled. The choice depends on the features of the project, as well as the construction budget. The presented materials differ in cost.
Glued laminated timber is a material assembled from boards. These elements create construction material a specific profile. This is a relatively inexpensive type of timber, which is often used today in the construction of houses.
It should be said that the length of any kind of timber significantly exceeds the size of its cross section. They differ in certain standardized dimensions.
Ordinary timber is a calibrated log. Its cross section can be square or rectangular. It is quite simple to build houses from such material. Also, such buildings are easy to insulate.
The most modern and expensive material is profiled timber. Its surface is polished. It looks like a lining surface. Such a beam allows you to build the most durable buildings. In this case, foci of decay will not form between the structural elements. Moisture cannot penetrate between the tight-fitting timbers.
One of the important stages of construction is the creation of a project for building a house from a bar. This will determine how much materials you need to build a house.
Design
Before proceeding with the construction of a building, you need to correctly create from a bar. This work is best left to professionals. An unprepared person can make a lot of mistakes in calculations. This will not allow you to safely operate the building.
To have an idea of how a house project is drawn up, you should consider this procedure in an overview. First, the specialist goes to the site where it is planned to build a cottage or cottage. Further, he determines the geodetic features of the area. In some cases, you need to evaluate how close they fit The groundwater to the surface. The degree of unevenness of the relief is also assessed.
Next, it is determined which communications are connected to the site and whether there is an opportunity and need to equip, for example, a gas pipeline, centralized water supply, etc. After that, a house project is developed. The building can be one-story or consist of two floors. Low-rise cottages are often built from timber.
In some projects, an attic is provided instead of the second floor. Determine the size of the windows doorways. Also, additional extensions (bathhouse, garage, cellar) can be added to the plan. It is possible to provide for spacious terrace or covered veranda.
The correct calculation of the construction of a house from a bar will allow you to create a solid building. At the same time, the specialist will calculate the weight of such a building, give recommendations on choosing the type of foundation, finishing materials, etc. This will create a strong, durable structure.
Foundation
By creating a construction plan, you can accurately determine how much timber is needed to build a house. Then you can make a purchase in accordance with the needs of the project. When all building materials, communications and other materials are purchased, you can start building a house.
First, the foundation is created. It should be said that the weight of the structure will be quite large. Therefore, it is important to create a solid foundation. There are several types of bases for the house. If the project provides for the arrangement of a basement, cellar, a strip foundation should be created.
Before starting construction, geo-prospecting work is carried out. If the soil is silty, groundwater is close to the surface, the foundation should be of a pile type. Piles are screwed into the soil to a great depth. This will keep the building stable. This version of the foundation is suitable for soil that freezes to a great depth.
For small structures (for example, a small country house), you can opt for a tiled foundation. In this case, its surface will be the basis for arranging the floor.
Building a house from a wooden beam requires the creation of an appropriate foundation. Its tape varieties will be the best option for large buildings. It is quite possible to create it without the use of special equipment. This is the most common type of foundation in private construction.
Preparing to create the foundation
Considering the stages of building a house from a bar, one should Special attention devote to the construction of the foundation. The safety and durability of the future building depend on its quality. In accordance with the plan drawn up earlier, it is necessary to apply markings to the site. Mark both external walls and internal partitions, which will be carriers.
According to the created markup, trenches are dug. Their width should be 100 mm more than the walls of the house. The trenches must have a depth of at least 60 cm. If the level of soil freezing is even greater, they will need to be further deepened. If the house has a basement, you will need to dig a foundation pit. For the cellar, it will be enough to dig a hole in the appropriate place.
At the bottom of the excavated recesses, you need to create sand cushion. A layer of gravel is poured over it. Each of these layers must be at least 100 mm thick. Sand and gravel are carefully leveled. Also, the bottom layer will need to be moistened and compacted. Next, you need to apply concrete mix. In specialized stores you can buy ready-made formulations. They are simply diluted with water to the desired consistency. The concrete layer must be at least 5 cm.
Building a house from profiled timber or its other varieties involves creating a formwork before pouring concrete when arranging the foundation. To do this, you will need to prepare boards with a thickness of about 2.5 cm. Shields are knocked down from this material. They should rise 40 cm above the level of the trench. Special spacers will allow the structure not to move.
The foundation must be reinforced with metal rods. Their cross section must be at least 10 mm. They are placed along and across in accordance with the configuration of the trenches. The rods in the places of turns and intersections are fastened with a knitting wire.
Reinforcement and formwork should not touch. Between them leave a gap of at least 5 cm.
Foundation pouring
The technology of building a house from a bar involves the implementation of the correct procedure for pouring the foundation. After carrying out the preparatory work, you need to mix the concrete. Its brand must be at least M400. Mix cement with water in the proportion indicated by the manufacturer on the package.
Experts recommend purchasing special dry mixes. Unlike self-prepared solutions, such materials contain special components. They increase the performance of concrete. It becomes not subject to temperature changes, is poured without the formation of voids, etc.
To mix the cement mixture, you need to use a concrete mixer. When the required consistency of the solution is obtained, it is poured into the prepared formwork using a pump. Air bubbles must not appear in the concrete. For this, it is recommended to purchase special equipment. It will make the layer homogeneous with the help of vibration.
In the process of building a house from glued laminated timber or other varieties of this material, it is important to pay great attention to creating a foundation. cement mix dries for about a month. At the same time, the surface of the concrete must be moistened periodically. This will prevent it from cracking. The frequency of this process depends on the time of year and temperature. environment. Only with proper drying concrete will gain the required strength.
Building walls and roofs
Building a house from glued laminated timber, as well as a profiled or regular variety of it, requires different labor costs. This is due to the peculiarities of its processing. If a timber is used from a solid solid wood, you will need to cut it off from all sides. After that, a material with smooth surfaces will be obtained.
Profiled timber does not need to be adjusted to size. It has grooves in its design. With their help, fastening is made. The bar must have normal humidity. Otherwise, it will crack when dry. Glued varieties are practically not subject to shrinkage.
Processing a house from a bar after construction will not require much effort. The material is distinguished by the natural beauty of the texture. That's why additional work puttying is not required.
When the walls are created, you can proceed with the installation of the roof. To do this, you need to mount the truss system. Waterproofing and thermal insulation are laid on it. The top layer is made of special roofing materials.
The roof must have a certain level of slope, which corresponds to the climatic conditions of the area. Depending on this indicator, choose and Decoration Materials. It can be ondulin, corrugated board, metal tile, slate, etc.
Windows, floors, doorways
Building a house from a bar with your own hands allows you to create window and door openings the way the owner of the property wants. This needs to be discussed with the designer. You can choose the type of doors. They can be sliding, arched, ordinary. Windows can be panoramic or ordinary.
Equipping the floor and ceiling, it is necessary to mount a layer of waterproofing. This material is laid on the base even before it is poured. To do this, they acquire rolled, penetrating, coating or filling waterproofing. The choice depends on the features of the operation of the building.
You also need to remember to perform waterproofing in the basement, on the basement floor. Next, you can start finishing the floor. The aesthetic qualities of the room depend on the choice of materials. The floor should be combined with the overall interior. Therefore, it must be thought out in advance.
The floor can be finished with wooden planks(parquet, parquet board), cork panels, laminate, tiles. You can also lay concrete base carpet or linoleum. Each of the listed materials differs in cost and aesthetic characteristics.
According to experts, in wooden house It is best to look at the floor of the boards or laminate. For modern styles interior, you can choose other types of materials.
Home decoration
The construction of a house from a profiled timber does not require additional finishing. It's beautiful, durable and reliable material. If a simple beam is used during the construction of a building, after installing windows and doors, attention should be paid to subsequent finishing.
Wooden beams can shrink over time. This process is less noticeable when using the glued variety. But if simple beams were used during construction, you need to wait until the wood is completely dry.
Finishing can be done both outside and inside the building. If a simple beam was used, you need to caulk the cracks. This will reduce Over time, it may be necessary to equip a layer of thermal insulation. For this, it is recommended to use mineral wool. Warming can be done from the inside of the room. However, in this case, you need to take into account many nuances. Outside, it is more expedient to perform insulation.
The wood inside the house will not need to be primed, painted, or wallpapered on the walls. It is a beautiful natural material, the merits of which simply need to be emphasized. For this, the correct toning of the timber is carried out.
Bleached wood will harmoniously look in rural interior. If the decor is chosen in the style of Provence, you can give preference pastel colors. The ceiling should also be properly finished. You can choose the tone for the beams. It will also emphasize the indescribable atmosphere inside the wooden house.
Completion of construction
The construction of a house from a bar ends with the arrangement of life support systems. First of all, you need to consider the type of sewerage and water supply. This system can be centralized or autonomous. The second option must be chosen if sewer and water pipes are not connected to the site.
To create a source of water, you will need to dig a well. This work is best entrusted to specialized organizations. The sewer may be a septic tank. Today there are many varieties of such systems. The choice of the type of septic tank depends on the number of people living in the house, as well as the construction budget.
After creating sewerage and water supply to the house, you need to bring electricity. You will need to conclude an agreement with the energy supplier to the house. After that, a cable is brought from the nearest power line pole to the house. It can be laid in the ground or stretched through the air.
If it is planned to live in the house and in winter period, you need to think over the heating system. The choice depends on the characteristics of the supply and the cost of energy resources that are available for the area. You can place convectors in the rooms or make a floor heating system.
Heating can be provided by a boiler. You can also create a furnace type of space heating. Energy resources that will warm the house in winter can be solid, liquid fuels, gas, electricity.
Also in the house you need to think over a high-quality ventilation system. It is developed by the designer at the stage of construction planning.
Having considered how the house is built from a bar, you can do all the work with your own hands.
How to build a house from a bar. Video №2
How to build a house from a bar. Video #3
How to build a house from a bar. Video #4
At the moment, building a house from a bar with your own hands is much easier than before. Almost everyone now has a computer at home and an Internet connection, where you can find tips and advice about this type of construction, so as not to make unnecessary mistakes.
In principle, such a house can be built using two construction methods:
- first, you can find a company that manufactures sets of houses from a bar, and order a log house of the required size, and after its delivery, assemble this set with your own hands. You will spend much less time on assembling such a house.
- second, buy required amount timber and assemble the frame, cutting it to the required size yourself.
For the construction of walls, you will need a beam, the dimensions of which are 15x15 cm, and for partitions, a beam 10x15 cm in size is used. Before starting to assemble the house, it is advisable to treat the beam with an antiseptic solution to protect the wood from woodworms, rot and mold.
On the prepared foundation we lay the first row, which is called the strapping. It will differ from the rest of the rows in that its corners must necessarily be connected to each other. This can be done by laying the corner beams overlapping, for which it is necessary to cut off half of each beam with opposite sides to the width of the beam itself and then fasten them with a dowel. Nagel, for a fortress, it is desirable to make from a birch board.
Logs under the floor can be laid so that they are connected with the first crown. In this case, it is necessary to mark the logs and make cuts according to the markup to a depth equal to half the height of the beam. Then he washed down to chip, trim, lay the log, after laying the insulation and fixing it with a dowel.
Before laying the second row of beams, a heater is laid on top of the first row. As a heater, you can use natural material moss or tow, you can felt. Partitions, without fail, crash into the walls, and insulation is also laid on them, otherwise their height after assembly will be less than the height of the walls. The rows are fastened together with dowels, which are hammered into holes drilled in two bars.
The height of the walls after the assembly of the log house should be within 3 meters. If the house is one-story, then on the penultimate crown it is necessary to lay ceiling and rafter
beams, they also need to be cut into the penultimate crown and secured with a dowel.
Under the rafter beams should protrude beyond the frame for a distance of about 60 cm on both sides.
Rafters can be installed from a 10x15 cm beam, cutting them into a lock with a rafter beam and additionally fastening it with special brackets or brackets. To give
stiffness to the rafters, about 2/3 of its length we install a tightening, and under its ends we install rafters. To give the rafters a vertical position, we install braces.
We make the crate from edged or unedged boards 30 mm thick in increments of 10-15 cm.
We close up the gables with a tongue-and-groove board, but later it will have to be oiled and painted, or, as many do now, they are covered with corrugated board.
To cover the roof, you can use metal tiles, corrugated board, corrugated board. Choose the color of this material at your discretion.
We put wooden entrance doors. Windows can be plastic, wooden, but made according to modern technologies with gaskets and double glazing.
Remains to be done interior decoration, but before proceeding with it, you need to wait a while for the house to shrink.
With my own hands. This question is relevant, because wooden buildings are very warm, in addition, they are completely environmentally friendly and look very unusual.
How to choose quality material
Compliance with all construction technologies does not at all guarantee that the house will be strong and durable. One of the most important requirements for obtaining a reliable building is the use of quality material. Most often for the construction of a wooden house are used conifers wood. This is due to the fact that such material meets sanitary and hygienic standards. In addition, it is more resistant to decay processes than others, cracks do not appear on it (provided correct operation), and it is easy to process it, as well as to mount it, which is explained by its low weight.
Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to choose a material that has undergone a high-quality drying process. This will make the shrinkage not so significant. After all, it not only makes the initial height of the building smaller, but is also accompanied by the formation of grooves between the logs, which then have to be filled.
In addition, for the construction of a house, you can choose a solid or profiled beam (the latter, by the way, only involves assembly on the territory of the work). After the process is completed, you will receive a building that is resistant to deformation. External weather influences are not terrible for profiled timber, as the logs are fitted as tightly as possible. After shrinkage, the walls of the house do not have to be caulked, which makes operation more pleasant.
Characteristics of a solid bar
Before proceeding directly to the discussion of the question "how to build a house from a bar with your own hands" (photos of finished buildings, by the way, you can see in the article), let's say a few words about such an option as a solid bar. It looks, of course, not as attractive as profiled, but it also has a lot of advantages. Among the main ones are affordable prices. But before purchasing, you need to pay attention to the quality of the material, as it has natural humidity and may be affected by fungus. In order for the building to retain heat, it will have to be insulated even at the construction stage, moreover, the process should be repeated after shrinkage.
Foundation construction
Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to build a foundation. An excellent base will be a tape design. The markup is done first. The territory is being cleared, upper layer soil, the thickness of which is approximately 7-10 cm. Next, you can dig a trench 1.5 m wide, while its depth should be 2.5 m. Now you can install the formwork. Reinforcement made of steel bars Ø1.5 cm should be laid in it, their length is limited to 2-2.5 m.
If a private developer is faced with the question of how to build a house from a bar with his own hands, then he should know that the foundation must be of the highest quality. It is impossible to make it as such if you do not lay a backfill on the bottom of the trench, which should consist of hydrogenous material and have a thickness of 30-50 cm. The next step is pouring concrete. It is preferable to order a mortar at the factory or rent a concrete mixer for this. As a prerequisite for the formation of the foundation, the next layer is poured before the previous one is covered with a crust. In the flooded state, the base is left for up to five days. It is recommended to cover the foundation with waterproofing before building walls; for this, rolled roofing material is suitable, which is laid on bituminous mastic.
Walling
You should know what work to be done at the stage of building walls even before you build a house from a bar with your own hands. Photos of such buildings are presented in the article, so you have visual material. To do this, you can purchase a bar with a section of 200x200 or 150x150 mm. First you have to choose one of the cutting methods. For example, walls can be assembled into a paw. For cutting using this technology, a pair of logs will have to be placed opposite each other on the foundation. After another pair is folded perpendicularly, so that a square is obtained. At the next stage, a “nest” should be formed in each log, designed for fastening. It should be in the shape of a trapezoid. In the resulting recess, it is necessary to install the next log, and make the same “nest” in it. It is necessary to carry out such work until the walls reach the design height.
Alternative felling options
If you are still thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, you can learn more about this in this article.
So, another cutting option is called " dovetail". It is similar to the previous one. But "nest" in this case should not have a perpendicular appearance, it will have to be done at an angle, which will allow each next log to be laid in the recess of the previous one. In order to cut "into the bowl", you have to use a tool called the "line". It resembles a compass and is used to perform the correct markup. In each log, a "bowl" is made from below. At the next stage, it is necessary to lay the next log so that the “bowl” on top of the installed beam repeats the outlines of the lower one. This cutting technology allows for excellent stability. designs
Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands with a basement, you need to lay the foundation. Suitable for this, for example, strip base. After erecting the foundation, you can proceed to the construction of walls, they can be assembled by cutting "in half a tree". This technology involves the need to make small holes for the dowels. It is recommended to place them in places that are near the junction of corners. When choosing the length of the veneer, it must be taken into account that it should be enough for more than one crown. Can apply more popular variety this technology, which provides for the need to fold and install the dowel in the joints of the logs. This will improve the reliability of the corners.
Wall assembly features
What else is needed for a practical solution to the question: "How to build a house from a bar with your own hands?" Projects! You can take as a basis those presented in the article. It will be easiest to assemble walls from profiled timber. Crowns can be fastened together using dowels. They will prevent the log from twisting. You can make such a fastener using wood or steel. The latter option will last much longer, as it is characterized by increased strength. Their installation is carried out through two crowns, and after - through one. Why is a hole made in the log, the diameter of which is 3 cm. The step between the dowels should be at least 1.5 m.
Sealant should be laid between rows. At the points where the outer walls are joined, it is recommended to use the so-called lock " warm corner". To form it, a spike is made in one log, and a groove in the other. Both elements must exactly match each other in terms of parameters. This allows for a rigid structure.
Installation of partitions
Partitions should be cut into the structure of the main walls. In order to build them, you need to use a beam, the cross section of which is 100x150 mm. Engage in the formation of partitions should only be after the construction of the log house. If you have chosen a house project consisting of two floors, then there must be at least one partition on the first floor. She will act as a support.
Work on the floor
Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to gradually understand the processes to be performed. For example, it is recommended to assemble the floor using heat insulators. The design of the floor should be double, this will guarantee the preservation of heat in the premises even in cold weather. Initially Mounted rough overlap. For this, it is recommended to use edged board. Usually the material is hemmed from below. But it is worth considering that this technology does not guarantee receipt robust design, and the boards may come off. In order to exclude this phenomenon, it is necessary to connect the boards together. At the next stage, the cranial beam comes into play, the fixation of which is carried out to the lags. Insulation is laid between the two layers of the floor.
Ceiling and roof construction
If you are thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, the ceiling, or rather, the method of arranging it, should be thought out to the smallest detail. It is also important what material will be used as roofing. It can be roofing material or metal tile. But initially it is necessary to install ceiling beams and rafters, which is done after the walls are erected. The logs should slightly extend beyond the wall, by about 50 cm. As a material for them, it is recommended to use a bar with a cross section of 150x100 mm. Its installation is carried out on the edge with a step of 100 cm.
Then you can proceed to the installation of boards, which will form the basis of the truss system. The fastening must be rigid. Now you can lay the gables, which are formed from a bar 150x150 mm. Do not forget about waterproofing, which must be laid before the arrangement of the ceiling screed. For a log house, it is best to use filler or roll waterproofing.
Formation of openings
If you are thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, the instructions will not hurt you. It can be found in this article. It is also important to know how the pigtail is made. It is recommended to make openings after the completion of construction, then the work will be simplified, compared with marking and cutting openings during the laying of walls. We should not forget about the pigtail: this is due to the fact that this process will allow you to leave the structure intact. Among other things, this manipulation has another advantage, which is to prevent displacement of the lateral located crowns during shrinkage.
Completion of the construction process
So, you already know almost everything about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands. Where to start, we have considered, now we will discuss how to finish. One of the advantages of a wooden house is that its walls do not imply the need to finish them. This applies to both the inner surface and the outer. Moreover, in the first year after the completion of construction, this cannot be done at all, since the house will shrink. The only thing to be done with the log is to cover it protective equipment that will not allow the wood to rot and burn. Absolutely fireproof walls, of course, cannot be made, but if treated with the appropriate compounds, the tree will not ignite so quickly when exposed to direct flame.
Tools and materials
Finally, let's focus on one more important point, without which, by no means, it will not be possible to solve the question of how to build a house from a bar with your own hands. Tools (and they need a lot) will be needed by any master - both a beginner and a professional. So, you need to prepare the following minimum set:
- electric or chainsaw;
- hacksaws with large and small teeth;
- drills of different diameters;
- hammers;
- level;
- nail puller;
- several roulettes;
- jointer for processing, etc.
After completion of the work, you can immediately enter the house, which is very much appreciated by consumers. And if you choose a unique project, then your home will look very interesting.
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