In electrical engineering, there is a certain type of coating that serves insulating purposes. Insulating materials are used for various purposes: for pipelines, walls and floors, roofs, they are often used in construction, electrical installation and production work.
Types and purpose
Insulating protective materials are used to protect residential and industrial premises from the negative impact environment. Their application depends on the type of coatings. There are the following types of insulation:
- Heat, wind, sound insulation;
- Hydro and vapor barrier;
- Electrical and vibration insulating materials.
In addition to such a classification, there is also a division of coatings depending on their shape. There are liquid, solid and powder options. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Photo - pipeline insulatorsThermal, wind and soundproof
Heat-insulating or heat-insulating building materials GOST R 52953-2008 are used to reduce heat loss from the ceiling, floor and walls. They can be used for both exterior and interior decoration in order to reduce the thermal conductivity of the building. This property is inherent in them due to the special design, which implies high porosity and density.
Photo - mineral wool There are the following main types of thermal insulation:
Photo - Arbolit Despite the fact that organic finishes have many advantages, they are now rarely used for facade insulation, because they have low fire resistance. They are mainly used as insulating materials for gas pipelines, water supply systems and individual water pipes.
Photo - combined membrane film Windshield films are often equated with heat insulators, but they serve a slightly different purpose. These panels are represented by film membranes, the main purpose of which is to stop the air flow and prevent it from entering the room. Coatings of this type are often used for wooden houses(which have a high level of porosity), protection of the floor and roof from blowing.
Photo - Windproof films Windproof materials are very similar to vapor barrier materials, and they are represented by polyethylene foam, membrane, diffusion films, which require the use of special soft disks for winding. By the way, insulation, depending on the material from which it is made, can act as a wind insulator.
Let's consider what are the prices for VPE Comfort 3 mm insulation material Lavsan (roll products):
| City | The cost of m 2, c. e. |
| Yekaterinburg | 0,5 |
| Irkutsk | 0,5 |
| Moscow | 0,7 |
| St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) | 0,7 |
| Samara | 0,5 |
| Ufa | 0,5 |
In addition to Lavsan, you can also buy insulating protective materials produced by TPK Baikal, Yekaterinburg Plant (EZIM) and Global Thermal.
Soundproofing
Sound-proof and noise-proof protect the premises from noise penetrating into the residential building from the outside. They are necessary both for the construction of a private house, and for independent overhaul apartments. Modern films are divided into:
- Acoustic;
- Sound pads.
The key difference between them is their purpose. Acoustic ones help to improve the audibility inside a particular room, and gaskets eliminate the problem of street noise from cars, etc. Such properties are provided by a certain texture and design of the plates. They can be presented in the form of mineral wool or foam, where, on the one hand, a soft structure, and on the other, a rigid reflective sheet (for example, aluminum or asbestos cement). Now polymer films are also being produced that have a membrane structure. They are known for their combined properties due to the soft inner layer and the porous outer layer, which absorb sound from the room and reflect frequencies from the street.
Steam and waterproofing coatings
These materials are necessary to protect the structure from the effects of water, condensate or chemical substances. They are most often used as roof coverings, since it is this section of the building that is most affected by precipitation. Basically, they are bituminous (i.e., plastic, soft) and are made on the basis of metal shavings, minerals, and various plastics. They can be produced in the following forms:
In addition to roofing, they are also often used for flooring, especially if the building is built on a pillar or pile foundation.
Photo - Vapor barrier film Video: the use of insulating materials in electrical engineering
electrical insulating materials
High-temperature electrical insulating films and mastics are designed to protect current-carrying conductors of electrical wires. They are necessary for short circuit protection or conductor connection. Heat resistance characteristics:
- Y - these are materials from combustible fibrous substances of cotton coating, cellulose, paper, etc. They are not dipped in special protective lubricants, therefore their maximum heating temperature before ignition is 90 degrees;
- Class A is type Y insulation, but pre-impregnated with protective liquids. They are used to work with transformer substations, etc. They are used when heated up to 105 °;
- E - these are insulators for most known wires, devices, etc. Basically, these are films, resins of synthetic origin. Necessary for the insulation of refrigerators, power cables, power lines, etc., depending on temperature, they can heat up to 120 ° C.
- Category B is hard coatings of mica, glass fiber and other organic and combined materials. They can withstand heat up to 130 degrees. Class F is the same organics, but treated with protective compounds;
- Class C is the newest insulating coatings. They are used by electrical equipment, where the heating of the conductors can reach 180 degrees and above. Represented by mica, ceramics, and other solid compounds of organic origin.
Photo - insulation for wires The production of cables with insulation is carried out in almost every major city of the Russian Federation and CIS countries.
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A positive factor in modern construction is the use of new tools and technologies. Currently, some insulating materials have proven themselves well.
Overview of Thermo Reflect insulation
Thermo Reflect is a new generation construction tool. It is used to insulate ventilated roofs, floors, walls, attics and attics. Thermo Reflex consists of reflective multi-layer thermal insulation sheets. The layers of these sheets are polyethylene foam, polyester wadding or sheep's wool. The layers are separated from each other by metallized films of polyester material.
As a result of thermal radiation, overheating occurs in the premises in summer, and a significant part of the heat is lost in winter. With the help of Thermo Reflex insulation material, these transmissions are largely eliminated, since the principle of reflecting heat waves works. Thus, throughout the year, the comfort of housing is maintained.
In the construction of ventilated roofs of new buildings, as well as in the reconstruction of old ones, the use of insulating material helps to reflect heat radiation and protects against convection and heat loss. Thermo Reflex is used in the "underfloor heating" system. The aluminum contained in the material is an effective vapor barrier. If insulation is used for an unheated floor, a protective screen is created that prevents radon gas from entering the room.
The use of insulating material in attic spaces and attics prevents the transfer of heat from the roof. Thermo Reflex is fast and easy to install, no shingles or slates need to be removed, no plastering works. In this case, good finishing material will be drywall boards or wooden lining. In order to make better use of the reflectivity of the insulating material, when finishing works ah, you need to leave a small air gap.
Insulation of the internal walls of the house along the perimeter provides maximum heat retention in the room in winter, maintains the optimum temperature in summer without the use of air conditioners. Spacer rails are mounted on the walls, on which Thermo Reflex sheets are fixed. Between themselves, the panels are connected with a special glue. The insulation material is fixed with drywall. In this case, air gaps of at least 2 cm are also left.
Such material is effective at any time of the year. It can be used to all bases and shapes. Thermo Reflex is waterproof, flame retardant, non-irritating and non-toxic. It has a small thickness, which almost does not affect the loss of the interior space of the dwelling. Thermo Reflex is durable in operation.
Another effective insulating agent in large scale construction is Tefond. This material is a polyethylene membrane having high density. Tefond reduces deformation pavement, reduces the thickness of the layers of the road "pie", reduces the mechanical effect on the base of the roads. This material is safe to use, provides reliable protection, tightness and insulation of building objects.
Overview of Tefond insulation
Tefond can be installed vertically, with a waterproofing joint, with a double-lock waterproofing system and with a standard system. Tefond is the first insulating membrane that can be laid vertically during operation. According to this system, the material is fixed only in the upper part. Drilling holes in the walls is not used. Tefond can be used without horizontal joints on walls of any height.
A mechanical sealing system is used if Tefond is used for protection only. The end seal is sealed to make the seams watertight. Such a system is best protection from water and steam.
The material has a precise butt joint, thanks to which it is possible to obtain excellent sealing with a simple overlap of edges. Even if the membrane is subjected to high tension, there is practically no possibility of material rupture. Tefond is available in rolls standard sizes. Their height is 2.07 m. This reduces the cost of material when laying.
The insulating membrane is used to protect walls, foundations and roofs. This material covers surfaces in contact with the ground. Tefond is used in the construction of tunnels, automobile and railways, in hydraulic works. The use of insulating materials in construction is a requirement of today.
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Mineral wool
Expanded polystyrene or foam
gypsum fiber
Cork
Expanded clay
polyurethane foam
cellulose wadding
- Roll materials and plates;
- Bulk and other materials.
Mineral wool
Minvata is excellent material heat-insulating material with mass positive qualities. Mineral wool is available in two types - roll insulation for the floor and slabs.
Loose heaters: varieties and scope
This material is best suited for warming wooden floors - it fits very well on the base and in the logs.
- incombustibility;
- Long service life;
- Low strength indicators;
Expanded polystyrene or foam
- Affordable price;
- combustibility;
- fragility;
- Long service life;
- Low thermal conductivity.
Among the disadvantages of extruded polystyrene foam, one can note the inability to “breathe” and good flammability, which will not allow creating a fireproof structure. See also: "Which insulation for the floor under the linoleum to choose and how to lay."
gypsum fiber
Cork
- Environmental Safety;
- Light weight;
- High strength;
- Good plasticity;
Expanded clay
polyurethane foam
- Fast installation;
- No joints;
- Excellent elasticity;
cellulose wadding
- The integrity of the coating;
- Low cost;
- combustibility;
- Difficulty of installation.
Conclusion
Wall insulation inside the house: advantages and disadvantages
You can find quite a lot of statements against the insulation of the walls of the house inside. Say, with such insulation, there are problems of wet corners, dampness starts in the walls, as a result, fungus and unpleasant odors... The purpose of this article is to figure out why the listed problems arise and, most importantly, how they can be avoided and still insulate the walls of the house from the inside. Well, because such insulation has a number of advantages.
Advantages of internal wall insulation
Insulation of walls inside the house has the following advantages:
- You can insulate at any time of the year, regardless of the weather.
- no need to build too high scaffolds (unless, of course, we are talking about the insulation of a residential building, and not some kind of "Palace of Congresses" :))
- if you need to insulate not in a private building, but in some high-rise building, then for external insulation you need to coordinate a project to change the facade. Not to mention the fact that it is expensive in itself - you cannot do without hired specialists. Well, inside your apartment ...
What are the disadvantages of internal wall insulation and how to avoid them?
Internal wall insulation also has disadvantages.
When insulating from the inside, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room decreases
The first minus of warming the house from the inside is that the thickness of the wall will increase inward, due to which the area of \u200b\u200bthe room will decrease.
It will not be possible to avoid this at all, since the insulation has a thickness in any case. But you can minimize it - if the insulation layer is not very thick. I am hinting at the choice of a heater with the best thermal insulation properties ... For now, I am only hinting, but I will specifically say below.
With internal insulation, the microclimate in the room worsens
The second minus: the internal insulation of the house can lead to a deterioration in the microclimate in the room. This is exactly what all the opponents of such insulation are talking about. What are we talking about?
The wall behind the heater is cold. Therefore, in winter, the water vapor generated in the room, passing through the layers of interior decoration and insulation, condenses on the inner surface of the wall. The result - the wall gradually accumulates moisture, which does not have time to evaporate, which is why on the walls - at a temperature of +10 and above! - a fungus, mold settles, the house smells of dampness, a white coating appears on clothes, furniture, books ... there is little pleasant.
The described problem can be avoided if you avoid mistakes during construction and choose the right material for insulation. What are these mistakes and what is the best way to insulate the house inside, we read further.
When insulating indoors, cold bridges remain
The third minus of wall insulation inside the house: at the junction of interfloor / attic floors with outer wall there are cold bridges through which heat leaks still occur (orange arrows):
We have this minus only if we did not treat the insulation in good faith enough: for example, we insulated the walls, and scored on the floors and ceilings. But what does technology have to do with it if you haven’t welded your own “bowler”? To avoid this minus, you need to create an inextricable heat-insulating circuit from the inside of the entire room:
Only and everything.
How to avoid minuses with internal insulation?
So, what tips can you find to smooth out the cons of internal insulation? And are all the tips worthwhile?
Tip 1. A vapor barrier with one-sided conductivity is placed between the wall decoration and the insulation. This is advised to do when they insulate from the inside with mineral wool.
But let's look at the picture:
With internal insulation, the dew point shifts to the inner surface of the wall, and the mineral wool insulation begins to take moisture from the wall. And then, after a month or two, it appears bad smell, bacteria begin to develop in the mineral wool ... we do not see this, but we feel the smell, while we cannot understand where it comes from.
But how can it be: after all, there is a vapor barrier that should not let moisture into the insulation! Theoretically it is. But in practice it is not possible to provide one hundred percent sealing. Why? Let's remember how the vapor barrier and further sheathing are attached? They put a profile for drywall, stretch the film ... then they screw the drywall, PASSING THE SECURITIES THROUGH THE FILM - and where is the hermetic vapor barrier here? And along the perimeter of the wall, it is not possible to provide 100% sealing.
And the air in the wool itself has moisture, which condenses as soon as the wall has cooled sufficiently.
Conclusion: any insulation that allows steam to pass through is not suitable for internal insulation!
Tip 2. When designing insulation inside the house, you need to take into account the process of moisture transfer through the building envelope. That is, the vapor permeability of materials in the “pie” of the structure should decrease from room to street.
Difficult said? Simpler: a non-vapour-permeable material should be in the room, behind it - a material with less vapor permeability, behind it - with even less, etc.
For example, you need to do wall insulation panel house from within. Question: what? mineral wool? Steam passes through mineral wool much better than through concrete (I must say: steam practically does not pass through concrete).
Conclusion: do not do the insulation from the inside with mineral wool of panel (and brick, and gas-block, etc.) walls, but choose another insulation. Vapor-permeable. For example, foam or extruded polystyrene foam. (Actually, mineral wool for internal insulation is suitable only for frame houses and attics, which also have mineral wool inside the frame.)
Comment! The author believes that the foam for insulating the walls of the house inside is BAD! For good health. But if your opinion is different, then at least do such insulation correctly: the walls must be aligned (!) And the insulation sheet should fit snugly (without gaps!) To this flat surface(i.e., if we fix the insulation with glue, then the sheet must be spread over the entire surface, and not several dots and / or stripes should be put on it).
Tip 3. In any case, it should be arranged good ventilation. There are no comments here, because this is correct.
Insulation requirements for internal insulation
Internal insulation imposes the following requirements on the insulation:
- durability,
- don't be afraid of fire
- aging resistance,
- environmental Safety,
- biological resistance (not edible for mice, moths, molds…),
- ability to keep shape
- sufficient thermal insulation properties.
It is advisable, before buying a heater, to check the availability of various certificates for fire and sanitary safety. But if the conclusion about fire safety you can still believe, then about sanitary - far from always: many modern materials are not at all environmentally friendly, even if their purity is stated in the certificates.
Conclusion: it is better to focus not only (and not so much) on certificates, but on common sense, intelligence, practical experience, the test of time.
And now the question is: what is the best way to insulate the walls of the house from the inside?
What kind of insulation to insulate the house from the inside?
Why mineral wool is not suitable, I have already said a couple of times, I hope that's enough. So what to insulate? There are materials that perfectly solve all problems. These are the materials that absolutely vapor-tight.
First, extruded polystyrene foam. We use only the one that has a "groove-comb". Extruded polystyrene foam has a very good thermal resistance, so the thickness of the sheet for internal insulation is only 20 ... 30 mm. Result: both the wall is healthy and the minimum area is taken.
If the issue of ecology is important to you, then we pay attention to another material: foam glass. Here there is the issue of sealing joints: if polystyrene can become tightly sheet to sheet, then foam glass has rougher edges.
Types of insulation for the walls of the house: outside and inside for wooden and frame houses + Video
Therefore, foam glass is often placed on bituminous mastic, which again raises the issue of ecology. Then it is better to seal the joints silicone sealant or liquid rubber. Foam glass itself can be glued to polyurethane foam glue, in extreme cases, to mounting foam.
The third material often used for insulation from the inside is ordinary white foam. The problem with this material is that it has pores. Styrofoam with a density of less than 35 kg / m3 has a large number of technological pores, which is why it passes steam! The lower the density of the foam, the more vapor permeable it is. And the older the foam, the larger the pores, the vapor permeability of the foam is greater - even with the promised density of more than 35 kg / m3. Therefore, for internal insulation, it is better to buy quality material. Again, the issue of ecology, i.e. health.
If all of the above did not scare you away from insulating the walls inside the house (or you simply have nowhere to go), then in the next article we will analyze ways to insulate the walls from the inside. See you.
interior wall insulation
Mineral wool
Expanded polystyrene or foam
Extruded polystyrene foam
gypsum fiber
Cork
Expanded clay
polyurethane foam
cellulose wadding
Insulation is used to prevent heat loss in a house or individual rooms. The arrangement of insulation is a rather serious process, and one of the leading roles in this matter is the choice of a suitable heat-insulating material. About what kind of heaters for the floor are, and will be discussed in this article.
Insulation materials are available in two formats:
- Roll materials and plates;
- Bulk and other materials.
Both categories include a fairly wide range of materials with a wide variety of properties and characteristics. The most popular thermal insulation materials for the floor will be discussed below.
Mineral wool
Mineral wool is an excellent heat-insulating material with a lot of positive qualities. Mineral wool is available in two types - roll insulation for the floor and slabs. This material is best suited for warming wooden floors - it fits very well on the base and in the logs.
The list of positive qualities of mineral wool looks like this:
- Good resistance to low temperatures;
- incombustibility;
- Long service life;
- Chemical resistance;
- Stable physical indicators.
It was not without drawbacks - mineral wool has the following negative qualities:
- Considerable dimensions, due to which the heat-insulating layer occupies a large volume;
- Low strength indicators;
- Poor moisture resistance.
Mineral wool, when moisture gets on it, immediately decreases in volume, and even if it is dried, the heat-insulating properties of the material will deteriorate many times over. To prevent this phenomenon, it is necessary to install a waterproofing layer during the arrangement of insulation.
A good solution to the issue of moisture would be the use of fiberglass - this material can absorb liquid and does not lose its characteristics after drying. However, the choice will not be easy - mineral wool is well suited for fire safety.
Expanded polystyrene or foam
Expanded polystyrene is a material consisting of small balls interconnected. The production of expanded polystyrene is carried out according to two technologies - press and non-press, and the difference between the materials obtained is small. However, most often, extruded polystyrene foam with PS marking is used for floor insulation.
As a rule, expanded polystyrene is used for thermal insulation of concrete floors. If you need to decide which insulation to choose for a floor with water or electric heating, then profile plates are much better suited, for the manufacture of which dense polystyrene foam is used - this material has a relief surface that prevents damage heating elements and improves grip.
Expanded polystyrene has many advantages:
- Excellent strength indicators;
- Good ones thermal insulation characteristics;
- Affordable price;
- The ability to prevent the penetration of moisture;
- Excellent resistance to low temperatures;
- Simple installation, which is determined by the format of the produced material.
Expanded polystyrene also has disadvantages:
- combustibility;
- The destruction of the material during prolonged exposure to sunlight;
- Inability to pass air;
- fragility;
- When a small amount of water enters the boards and then freezes, the structure of the expanded polystyrene is destroyed, so during installation it will be necessary to install a waterproofing layer;
- During the installation process, seams appear between the plates, which then need to be sealed, for which mounting foam or sealant is used.
Extruded polystyrene foam
This material is made by extrusion, which is the reason for its name. The production technology of extruded polystyrene foam makes it possible to create a floor insulation with a monolithic microstructure, consisting of air-filled airtight cells. There are no pores in these cells, so moisture and steam cannot get inside the material. See also: "What kind of insulation under the laminate is better to lay."
The list of advantages of such material looks like this:
- High strength compared to foam;
- Long service life;
- Good resistance to atmospheric precipitation and influence of ultra-violet rays;
- High resistance to aggressive chemicals;
- No toxic emissions;
- Low thermal conductivity.
Among the disadvantages of extruded polystyrene foam, one can note the inability to “breathe” and good flammability, which will not allow creating a fireproof structure.
Electrical, sound and noise insulation materials
See also: "Which insulation for the floor under the linoleum to choose and how to lay."
gypsum fiber
Gypsum fiber is the best option for warming any floor covering. Versatility this material is its main advantage, which allows to insulate even structures with electric floor heating.
For the arrangement of a dry screed, as the technology of insulation using gypsum fiber is called, a minimum of knowledge and time is required - it is enough to follow the correct algorithm of work. In addition, it is worth knowing that gypsum fiber resists moisture very poorly, and the cost of the material is quite high.
Cork
For the manufacture of such thermal insulation, cork oak bark is used. As a rule, cork insulation is produced in the format of plates, the thickness of which varies from 25 to 50 cm. The plates can be based on cork granules connected with resin, or pre-crushed pressed cork bark.
Cork insulation has many advantages:
- Environmental Safety;
- Light weight;
- High strength;
- Good plasticity;
- Excellent dampness and mold resistance;
- Ease of installation and work with the material;
- Incombustibility and absence of toxic emissions during smoldering;
- Long service life - cork can last more than 50 years.
Of the shortcomings of cork insulation, only the high cost of the material can be distinguished.
Expanded clay
Expanded clay belongs to the category of loose insulating materials. The arrangement of thermal insulation using expanded clay has been used for a very long time - this material has become popular for its good thermal insulation characteristics and the ability to absorb moisture without consequences.
most main problem when installing such insulation, it is necessary to create a layer of thermal insulation with a thickness of at least 15 cm - far from the thinnest floor insulation is obtained. However, there will be no particular difficulties with this - the work is easily done by hand and requires, for the most part, only time.
polyurethane foam
A good option for insulation for any surface is polyurethane foam spraying. Polyurethane foam is a small capsule filled with air. The use of this material does not require the arrangement of hydro or vapor barrier. In addition, polyurethane foam applied to the floor practically does not absorb moisture.
This material has many advantages, among which stand out:
- Undemanding to leveling the surface;
- Fast installation;
- No joints;
- Excellent elasticity;
- Neutral reaction to a mold and influence of microorganisms.
The main disadvantage of polyurethane foam insulation is the complexity of spraying - it is impossible to carry out this work on your own without proper skills.
cellulose wadding
Cellulose wool is a material made from wood fibers with a fine-grained structure. Laying of this material can be carried out using two technologies - wet and dry. When using the wet method, the cotton wool is blown wet, which allows you to create a monolithic coating. Dry laying looks a little simpler - for this, cotton wool must be covered and tamped.
Of the advantages of cellulose wool, the following qualities can be distinguished:
- The integrity of the coating;
- Low cost;
- Good indicators of thermal insulation;
- No need to equip vapor barrier.
The main disadvantages of cotton wool are:
- combustibility;
- Weak ductility and poor compression resistance;
- Difficulty of installation.
Conclusion
The presented heaters are the most popular and are used quite often. To choose which insulation to use for the floor, you need to understand the characteristics of all thermal insulation materials and choose the best option for a particular situation.
Warming of a private house
If your country house is not able to retain heat at the proper level, and you constantly freeze in it in winter, then you should think about warming it. Of course, you can flood the fireplace, turn it on in each of the rooms electric heater and thus spend the cold winter evenings. But in order to solve this problem once and for all and not to spend fabulous sums on gas and electricity bills during the cold season, it is better to insulate your country cottage. After that, you will not only live in warmth, tranquility and comfort in winter, but will also save energy.
Stages of insulation
Warming process country house consists of a number of steps:
- foundation insulation,
- floor insulation,
- wall insulation (internal and external),
- ceiling insulation,
- roof insulation.
Below in the article we will consider in detail some of these stages.
In order to achieve the maximum effect from the insulation carried out, it is necessary to insulate the house in a complex way. It is very important to use only high-quality materials.
thermal imaging
Many believe that building insulation with the help of professionals is much better. This is explained by the specifics of the work of a specialist. As a rule, a built cottage loses heat due to its design flaws. It is best to identify these shortcomings and identify all the weaknesses of the house using a thermal image. Having identified weaknesses, the specialist will be able to pay maximum attention to them. And only a professional with his special equipment can take such a picture.
Wall insulation
As mentioned above, the insulation of the house should be carried out in a complex. Very often, the heat loss distribution scheme shows that most of heat is lost through the walls of the house. Therefore, it is better to start insulating the house just from the walls.
Wall insulation can be:
There are a number of features that need to be taken into account.
When combining internal wall insulation with external insulation, certain proportions must be observed - the level thermal resistance external insulation should be three times the level of the internal.
Internal walls
As a result of the internal insulation of the walls, the enclosing structure does not accumulate heat. Over time, fungus may appear on the walls inside the house, as condensation will occur between the wall and the thermal insulation layer.
Another significant disadvantage of using only this type of insulation is the fact that the walls will be in the winter in the sub-zero temperature zone.
External walls
If external wall insulation is used, then all of the above disadvantages are absent. Besides, this species wall insulation will provide the house much longer term services. This is explained by the fact that with external insulation, the possibility of the formation of various fungi on the walls and a house with outer side is additionally protected from negative impacts surrounding factors.
The only drawback of external wall insulation can be called the seasonality of the work, since this insulation can be carried out only in the warm season.
Conventionally, external wall insulation is divided into three main methods:
- insulation installation with inside enclosing structures,
- laying insulation inside the building envelope,
- laying insulation on the outside of the building envelope (this system is called a wet type system).
The choice of insulation
After you have chosen a method of insulation for your home, you need to correctly select the material for future work. Miscellaneous materials have a different coefficient of thermal expansion, which must be taken into account when choosing a material. If this was not taken into account, then the material may deform over time, cracks will appear on it.
When using wet insulation important parameter is the vapor permeability, as well as the calculation of moisture transfer. That is, the moisture winter period will accumulate as a result of temperature differences, should summer period be completely withdrawn. Such calculations should be carried out taking into account the level of average temperatures in your area. If this factor is neglected, then excess moisture will lead to the appearance of fungi.
Floor insulation
Conduct floor insulation in the house should be comprehensive. This is the only way to achieve good result. Since concrete is characterized by a high level of thermal conductivity, during the construction country houses it is recommended to insulate the foundations from the outside.
Before starting to insulate the floor of the house, if there is a basement or basement, they are first insulated. The floor during insulation should not be raised higher than the waterproofing layer between the foundation and the brick.
Stages of work
Typically, floor insulation is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- Crushed stone is laid on the ground (the layer thickness should be 10 cm).
- A layer of sand is poured over the rubble (the layer thickness should also be 10 cm).
- Install thermal insulation boards.
- Lay a layer of waterproofing.
- Perform concrete screed.
- Lay the flooring.
This floor insulation algorithm is the simplest, but there are others. They are selected in accordance with the functional properties of the future floor.
The most common floor insulation schemes in country cottages are the following:
- Above underground.
- Floors in wet operation.
- Floors in the cold attic.
- Floors laid with heating cable.
- Floors above the basement.
Thermal insulation of the house
Ceiling insulation
Ceiling heat loss is about ten percent. And although at first glance this figure does not seem so significant, but we are considering the insulation of the house in the complex.
For ceiling insulation it is very important to choose good stuff. It is worth giving preference to safe, as well as environmentally friendly materials. In the event of a fire, fire and hot air tend to rise, so it is very important that the selected materials are not combustible and do not emit suffocating smoke.
To insulate the ceiling, the following materials are suitable:
- ecowool,
- mineral wool,
- polyethylene films,
- polypropylene films.
The listed materials are inexpensive and meet all the above requirements.
Floor insulation in the attic
If the country house has an attic, then the ceiling is insulated in two stages. First you need to insulate the floor in the attic, and only then directly and the ceiling itself.
A vapor barrier material is first attached to the ceiling, then a heater is laid (for example, sheets of mineral wool). A layer of waterproofing is placed on top of the insulation - waterproofing film. After last stage ceiling insulation in the house can be considered complete. Further, the ceilings can be sheathed with clapboard, or a false ceiling system can be installed.
Video. Proper insulation of the walls of the house. Outside or inside? Process physics
Video. Insulation of the facade of a private residential building
Thermal insulation, warming
How to insulate the floors in a private house with your own hands?
A well-insulated home is always more comfortable. And heating costs are much lower. In this article, we will tell you about how you can insulate a house well, both during the construction process and when it has already been built. You will learn what materials are used for this and, most importantly, how to do it yourself, without resorting to the services of professionals.
What can be done if the house is cold despite heating?
When building a house Special attention should be given to insulation, especially floor insulation. If this is not done, the house will always be cold and damp. It will be necessary to increase the heating power, therefore, additional material costs await you. Isn't it easier to do high-quality insulation? Below we will talk about how this can be relatively easy to do with your own hands. Well, if you hired builders, then based on the material of the article, you can always control their work.
It all starts with the foundation
Insulation of a shallow strip foundation
Yes, still on initial stage construction should take care of the insulation and waterproofing of the foundation. For example, you are building a small house on a shallow strip foundation - the easiest and most cost-effective way to build a foundation for a building. In this case, it is recommended to stick cheap insulation on the sides of the finished concrete tape, for example, foam plastic, and lay roofing material on top. Both polystyrene and roofing material can be glued onto bituminous mastic. The roofing material tapes are overlapped, and the seams are fastened with a blowtorch fire.
Before the walls are erected, a waterproofing layer of 2 layers of roofing material is laid on the upper part of the foundation.
Only these fairly simple measures alone will not allow moisture to penetrate concrete, it will not freeze in winter, which means that it will become much more comfortable to live in such a house, because there will be no heat leakage. And the service life of the foundation will increase many times over.
Warming of the slab foundation
In private construction on heterogeneous soils, a monolithic reinforced concrete slab is often used as a foundation. It is insulated in the same way, only insulation and waterproofing are laid over the entire upper surface of the base, except for those places where walls will be erected. In these places, only waterproofing is attached.
Basement insulation
If it is planned to build a basement under the house, then a recessed strip foundation. Insulation and waterproofing during the construction of such a foundation is carried out with outside, and from the inside. Both the floor and the basement ceiling must be insulated. From the inside, the basement is often insulated with a material called "liquid rubber". Insulation is glued on it, and on top, on the crate, the finishing lining is mounted.
Important! Insulation should always be done together with waterproofing.
What if the house is already built?
Here, of course, there will be more work, but it is still possible to make insulation, you just have to dig trenches along the perimeter of the building to the depth of the foundation and insulate it from the sides. If the house already has floors, then they will have to be dismantled, if they are wooden, remove linoleum or other coating, if a cement screed is used as the floor. To insulate the floor inside the house, you can use both cheap materials and better ones, for example, penoplex. It costs, of course, more expensive than polystyrene or mineral wool, but has many advantages :
- insulation sheets have different sizes and thickness, which allows you to choose the most suitable for a given room;
- each sheet has a spike connection, which avoids gaps during installation.
If, nevertheless, foam plastic is chosen as a heater, then all the cracks need to be “blown out” mounting foam. If this is not done, "bridges" of cold are formed.
When insulating with foam plastic or other similar material, the joints are glued with adhesive tape. When insulating the floor inside the house, it is recommended to lay a vapor barrier made of polyethylene foil over the insulation. It is attached over the insulation with double-sided tape. It is also necessary to provide a gap around the perimeter of the room with a width of 1 cm. It will not allow the screed to crack from temperature changes. This seam can be treated with foamed vinyl.
Floor installation
Well, the insulation is done, now you can proceed with the installation of the floor. If you want to pour a cement screed, it is recommended to lay on the surface of the insulation metal mesh. It will make the screed more durable and will not allow it to crack and crumble over time. It is recommended to lay high-quality insulated linoleum or carpet on the screed.
If possible, it is best to use not a screed, but lay a wooden floor.
Thermal insulation materials: types and properties
To do this, logs are laid over the insulation, on which the floorboards are attached. In this case, the air space between the insulation and the floor surface will create additional insulation. Floorboards should be selected good quality and mount them according to all the rules, that is, tightly fit spike connections using wedges. This will avoid the formation of gaps between the floor boards.
The benefits of insulation
- dampness will disappear in the house, therefore, comfort will increase;
- even in winter cement floor it will be possible to walk barefoot, which is important if there are small children in the house, because they play on the floor;
- heating costs will be significantly reduced.
Some nuances
When insulating an already built house, be prepared for the fact that you will have to outweigh the doors, as the floor will rise. Of course, such work, like all other insulation work, requires a certain amount of money and time, but it pays off handsomely. In addition, you can do everything yourself, which will save a lot.
Video: Floor insulation in a private house - tips and tricks
How to align the walls in a private house on your own?
How to insulate the facade of a wooden house? Instruction
What is the best way to insulate a wooden house from the inside and what are the disadvantages of internal insulation? Wall, floor and ceiling materials
Warming a wooden house from the inside is advisable, unless the owner wants to spoil the natural beauty of the natural material from the outside.
It is a pity to cover a log cabin or a facade made of timber with another finishing material, and in this case it is necessary to insulate the walls from the inside. Internal work includes insulation of walls, floors, ceilings, taking into account the number of storeys and the attic, and the roof.
Only environmentally friendly materials are suitable for warming the house from the inside in order to keep the microclimate of the premises healthy.
Overview of types and characteristics of heaters, their scope
It is allowed to use a safer penofol, as well as a universal material for the insulation of any buildings and structures of mineral wool.
Benefits of insulating a wooden house from the inside
The main advantage has already been mentioned above. This is an opportunity to leave the facade of the house in its natural form. In addition, the floors inside the house can be insulated, which is very important for maintaining a healthy indoor climate.
Why is it impossible to insulate a wooden house from the inside?
Of course, you can do this, but external insulation has a number of advantages over internal insulation.
Experts advise using this method of insulation in isolated cases, when really external insulation is impossible. This is due to a number of shortcomings, which should be mentioned in more detail.
The main disadvantage internal thermal insulation in a wooden house is the displacement of the dew point deep into the wall. This will further lead to the formation of mold there and rotting of the tree.
Among other shortcomings, the following are important:
- lack of natural ventilation of the walls;
- violation of the microclimate in the premises;
- reduction of usable area of the house.
In addition, none of the insulation, except for jute and felt, can be considered 100% environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is better to insulate the house from the outside. But if this is not possible, it is necessary to choose the most suitable materials for internal insulation.
How can you insulate a wooden house from the inside?
warm seam
Special sealant for log cabins. It is used indoors to insulate the seams between the logs on the facade and ceiling. Relevant if the owner wants to keep the log house in its original form, without covering it with finishing materials.
Warm seam for insulation inside a wooden house
To maintain complete environmental friendliness, you can replace the sealants with jute, felt or linen tape and caulk the seams with them.
The cost of caulking seams inside the house is from 120 to 250 rubles per running meter. It's quite affordable price even for families with a small budget. Therefore, it is recommended to invite specialists to insulate the log house, only they can guarantee high quality works.
Mineral wool
Universal insulation, which is most often used outside. Affordable cost and high thermal insulation performance make this material the most popular among developers.
The insulation technology is the same for walls and ceilings.
Positive properties of mineral wool:
- high environmental friendliness, especially in modern materials, where formaldehyde is replaced by safer components;
- affordable cost material is considered the cheapest option for insulation inside a wooden house;
- good thermal and sound insulation performance;
- incombustibility;
- durability the material does not rot, is not subject to fungal diseases;
- good indicators of vapor tightness, which, by the way, is both an advantage and a disadvantage.
The negative properties include:
- the same vapor impermeability, due to which an unfavorable microclimate for human lungs can be created indoors;
- shrinkage when wet;
- the need to sheathe the walls with facial material (create a false wall).
Features of mineral wool insulation of walls and ceilings of a wooden house
Unlike external insulation, inside the material is glued directly to the wall, then it is sheathed with a vapor barrier.
It is best to use a special vapor barrier that allows air from the room to pass outside. This will create additional natural ventilation insulation. Even if wet, the cotton wool can dry out due to the permeability of the vapor barrier.
A crate, timber or metallic profile, which is already attached facing material, drywall, board, lining, timber imitation and so on.
Styrofoam
Polymer material based on foam, but without chemically harmful components. Suitable for insulation inside a wooden house.
In the photo, extruded polystyrene foam Penoplex
The advantages include good thermal insulation properties, light weight, durability and moisture resistance.
Features of insulation with polystyrene foam
When choosing this material, such concepts as foamed and extruded polystyrene foam may occur. In fact, this is the same material, the only difference is in the methods of its manufacture.
The main features of polystyrene foam insulation are the need for careful leveling of the surface and sealing of the seams between the sheets. Old boards must be cleaned of bumps and roughness, and the material is not suitable for a log house from a bar at all.
The joints between the sheets of material are foamed and cleaned after the foam dries. Just like mineral wool, expanded polystyrene is suitable for insulating not only walls, but also ceilings.
polyurethane foam
The material of the future, which is applied in liquid form with a special apparatus. For insulation with polyurethane foam, it is necessary to mount a frame, which is filled with foam under pressure. It quickly hardens and forms a monolithic protective layer of insulation.
Polyurethane foam spraying
Polyurethane foam will reliably protect the house not only from cold and external noise, but will also provide additional guarantees of safety in case of fire.
The disadvantages include the complexity of finishing work after insulation with this material. It needs to be plastered using a special mesh.
Floor insulation in a wooden house
In addition to the listed methods of insulation, which, as an option, are also suitable for floors, there are several more.
Warm floor
Underfloor heating system, using IR film, expensive, but on this moment is the most optimal energy-saving option, which, moreover, creates a special coziness and comfort.
Backfill and fill floors
Expanded clay insulation and concrete pouring are relevant for floors of the first and ground floors. The advantages include good thermal insulation properties and affordable cost of materials.
There are also options for water and electric floors:
Before starting work on internal insulation, it is recommended to consult with specialists. Perhaps there is a way to insulate the exterior of the facade, and then only work on the insulation of floors will remain inside.
During construction or repair, walls, ceilings, floors and other surfaces are covered with special materials, to prevent heat leakage during the cold period and did not bother the heat in the summer season. One of them is roll insulation, often used for large areas.
Advantages of roll material
This material has many advantages. The main thing is that the insulation in rolls does a good job of preserving optimal temperatures indoors. There are other advantages:
The main types of insulation
Thermal insulation in twisted rolls can be used for both external and internal laying. There are options specially designed for pipes and communications. Available for sale and roll insulation for walls directly under the wallpaper.
Raw materials for their production are also used differently. Thermal insulation from mineral components is the most common. Foamed polyethylene is also popular. Natural heaters like corks are less common and used. Some types have an additional layer in the form of foil or paper. Let's consider each option in more detail.
Special coating for thermal insulation
To improve the characteristics of their products, firms that produce rolled thermal insulation add certain coatings. The basis under them can be different.
Types of mineral wool in rolls
In this group of heaters there are several varieties. Their structure is the same, they differ in composition.
Any kind of wool must be covered with a vapor barrier, especially in rooms with high humidity. And it also holds back the smallest particles of fibers that appear over time, negatively affecting a person. As part of the raw materials, formaldehydes are often used, which also affects health. Quality rolls should have a minimum of this substance
For laying mineral wool be sure to install the frame. On the walls, the panels with which it is held are pressed strongly so that the canvas does not move out over time. For the necessary protection from the cold, the number of layers can be increased.
Manufacturers often separate their product according to the purpose of the insulation. For ceilings and ceilings, the rolls will be lightened. For the main floor, walls, and other surfaces, the density of the material is usually increased. Due to this, the dimensions of the roll also change:
- length from 3 to 8 meters;
- thickness in 3 versions (50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm);
- width from 0.6 m to 1.22 m.
Insulating wool manufacturers
Hardware stores offer a wide selection of mineral wool. Consider the features of the materials of some companies specializing in this area:
Has many positive qualities. It is obtained by filling heated polyethylene with gases. As a result, a mass is formed with many closed bubbles inside, which subsequently solidifies. For special strength, it is also “crosslinked”, i.e., the bonds of molecules are strengthened by chemical means.
Therefore, there are for sale two options: stitched and, respectively, not stitched. Both types have very low thermal conductivity, but the first one still has the best performance, therefore it is more expensive (its density is 30 kg / m³). The general properties of materials are as follows:
The difference is that cross-linked polyethylene foam is able to absorb sounds well, but its colleague cannot boast of this. As a sound insulator, it works worse. Under mechanical action, the uncrosslinked version loses its shape irreversibly. The stitched one has a high compressive strength, which means it can be used for insulating horizontal surfaces.
Due to the thinness of the material, the length of the rolls can be up to 30 meters, the width is from 0.6 to 1.2 m. The thickness reaches 1 cm. . To fix the material on the wall, special glue is required.
Polyethylene foam brand Penofol
Insulation Penofol - appeared recently, but has already stood out among its own kind. It is not destroyed by weather conditions and aggressive environment. Heat insulators of this company have several varieties:
- foil coating can be fixed on one or both sides;
- rolls with an adhesive layer (simplifies installation even more);
- specialized type of isolation for communication networks;
- insulation for harsh conditions with a thickness of up to 40 mm.
Combined technology allows you to further reduce the thermal conductivity of insulated surfaces. Moisture-resistant and durable material that does not require vapor barrier costs can be used in various directions. Does not lose its properties in the temperature range from -60 to +100 С°.
Cork insulation for surfaces
An environmentally friendly and durable raw material for the production of thermal insulation is cork oak bark. Absolutely natural ingredients make rolls safe for health. The crushed bark is connected with organic glue and pressed. The thickness ranges from 2 to 6 millimeters. The length of the roll reaches 10 meters, the width is mostly meter. Most often, in this form, the cork goes under the wallpaper, on the substrate for the laminate or "warm floor".
Thermal conductivity index not inferior mineral wool, however, the layer used is much thinner. Cork insulation is slightly flammable, poorly absorbs water and delays noise. However, its density is high, respectively, and the weight is large. The margin of safety is high, the service life is declared up to 50 years. The negative side is the price of "naturalness", compared to the rest, it is quite high.
This insulation is produced mainly by Portuguese companies: Wicanders, Izora, Amorim. They offer a wide range of insulation rolls, which can also serve as wall decoration. Installation is also simple, basically the cork is “planted” on glue.
Modern technologies provide a huge selection of heat insulators for any premises and structures. The selection criteria are based on which surface needs to be covered and how much the buyer is willing to pay for it in order to maintain comfort in their home.
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