Waterproofing strip foundations. How to protect the foundation from moisture? Waterproofing the base of the strip foundation

Waterproofing strip foundation of a residential building is necessary to prevent the dampening of concrete and reinforcing elements included in the foundation structure from sedimentary and ground water. Wet concrete provokes the destruction of the foundation when the frozen water expands in the capillaries of the concrete tape and leads to corrosion. steel reinforcement, reducing the strength properties of the base of the house. The owners of individual buildings are able to independently correctly perform the work on arranging the waterproofing of the foundation of their home, having certain knowledge in this area.

The destructive effect of moisture on the foundation of a building occurs when water interacts with the materials of the foundation structure. The porous structure of concrete, saturated with capillaries, contributes to the constant absorption of moisture from concrete. environment and ground water. To make the tape base of a residential building as protected from humid environment, it is necessary, in accordance with (formerly SNiP 2.03.11-85), to ensure its hydroprotection by methods of primary and secondary protection against corrosion (clauses 4.5, 4.6 and 4.7). Foundation waterproofing belongs to the category of secondary protection, based on the use of protective coatings or treatment with special compounds.

Scheme of waterproofing strip foundation.

Builders with their own hands or with the involvement of specialized organizations carry out activities for applying waterproofing materials to the foundation, taking into account external factors affecting the foundation of the house:

Atmospheric precipitation and melt water;
groundwater.

To guarantee the protection of the foundation from the penetration of sedimentary and melt water, it is enough to make a high-quality blind area around the perimeter of the entire building. To implement hydroprotection from ground moisture, it is necessary to take into account a set of initial data, among which the main ones are:

Type of groundwater near the building;
The depth of occurrence of groundwater passing near the construction;
Heterogeneity of soils in the construction area;
Purpose and planned operation of the house.

Let us consider how these factors influence the choice of the foundation waterproofing method.

groundwater type

Groundwater has a direct impact on the formation of the groundwater level (GWL) in the area construction site and on the degree of soil moisture near the foundation. The diagram below shows the distribution pattern of the two main types of groundwater in soil:

Verkhovodki are local foci of water formation that have a seasonal nature of existence. Verkhovodka lies near the earth's surface, is formed and exists only during high humidity of the environment, disappearing during dry periods;
Groundwater lying near the surface of the earth and having a territorial regional distribution. The groundwater level is characterized by susceptibility to seasonal fluctuations.

As mentioned above, to protect against perch, it is enough to do good blind area and downpour. Protection from groundwater will depend on the depth of their occurrence. This dependency is discussed below.

Groundwater depth

“Recommendations for the design of waterproofing of underground parts of buildings and structures” of the Central Research Institute of Industrial Buildings, M., 1996 (amended in 2009), determined that the waterproofing of structures must be carried out above the maximum GWL by at least 0.5 m (p. 1.8 and 1.9). Since the average value of fluctuations in the level of HW in many regions of the Russian Federation, according to the results of geological surveys, is taken to be within 1.0 m, then in order to guarantee the protection of the foundation from ground moisture, it is recommended to adhere to this indicator as a reference point when choosing a waterproofing of the base of a building, depending on the depth of HW . In particular:

At the groundwater level, less than 1 m below the base of the foundation, it is necessary to waterproof the foundation;
If the GWL is deeper than the foundation by more than 1 m, the hydroprotection can be omitted.

It is necessary to take into account the possibility of increasing GWL as a result of infrastructure development in the region. As well as the maximum GWL for past seasons.

At high level GW exceeding the lower level of the foundation sole, in addition to waterproofing, it is necessary to additionally make local drainage to remove moisture from the foundation, as prescribed by "Design and installation of foundations and foundations of buildings and structures" (Chapter 11).

Soil heterogeneity

Heterogeneity of soils with different chemical composition leads to chemical aggression of groundwater in relation to concrete in the composition of the foundation up to its destruction (concrete corrosion). The use of special corrosion-resistant concrete of the W4 grade is required when pouring the foundation and high-reliability hydraulic protection from materials resistant to aggressive environments.

Purpose and planned operation of the house

In the presence of do-it-yourself basements functional purpose such as a gym, workshop, etc. increased requirements are imposed on the reliability of waterproofing in order to prevent the deterioration of the microclimate in these rooms.

Properly equipped waterproofing of the strip foundation of a residential building requires compliance with three basic principles for constructing a waterproofing system for the foundations of buildings of any purpose:

Continuity of each waterproofing layer along the entire perimeter of the waterproofing;
Installing a waterproofing layer only on the side exposed to moisture, i.e. foundation waterproofing should be carried out outside, but in no case inside the basement;
Preliminary special preparation of the outer surface of the foundation for the subsequent application of waterproofing material.

Types of waterproofing strip foundation

According to paragraph 5.1.2 of the set of rules (formerly SNiP 2.03.11-85) waterproofing concrete structure provided:

Lacquer and mastic coatings;
Coating and plaster coatings;
adhesive insulation;
Impregnation of the surface layer of the structure or other surface treatment methods.

With regard to strip foundations, taking into account modern technologies applying waterproofing, vertical waterproofing is divided according to the method of installation into the following types:

Coating (painting);
built-up;
Plastering;
Stick-on;
injection;
impregnating;
Sprayable.

Coating (painting) waterproofing

Coating technology waterproofing is based on the use of bitumen and bitumen-polymer emulsions and mastics with the formation of waterproof films on the foundation surface.

Coating waterproofing protects the foundation from the penetration of capillary ground moisture in soils of low humidity when groundwater is removed 1.5-2 meters below the basement floor level. In the presence of hydrostatic head, it is allowed to use coating technology in the following versions:

Bituminous mastic is used for pressure not higher than 2 m;
Bitumen-polymer mastic - for a pressure of not more than 5 m.

Mastics are applied in 2-4 layers. The thickness of the coating hydroprotection depends on the depth of laying strip base and is:

2 mm - for a base with a laying depth of up to 3 meters;
2-4 mm - for a foundation with a laying depth of 3 to 5 meters.

The advantages of coated bitumen protection are as follows:

Relatively low cost;
Absence special requirements to the qualifications of performers;
High elasticity;
Excellent adhesion.

Among the shortcomings, a short service life should be noted - already 6 years after the insulation loses its elasticity. The waterproofing layer is covered with cracks, which reduces the overall level of waterproofing. To increase the shelf life of the insulation, add polymer additives, providing increased performance characteristics waterproofing coating.

The technology for applying mastic is simple. A special primer-primer is applied to the previously prepared surface with a roller or brush, providing deep penetration into the foundation material. After the primer dries, bituminous mastic is applied in layers.

Fused and glued waterproofing

These technologies refer to the methods of waterproofing with rolled materials. They are used as independent measures for waterproofing, and as an addition to the do-it-yourself coating method. When using glued waterproofing, a traditional roofing material is used, which is fixed on the foundation surface treated with a bituminous primer.

With glued waterproofing, the thickness of the waterproofing layer reaches 5 mm. 2-3 layers are allowed.

Roofing felt can be fixed with special adhesive mastics in several layers with an overlap of 15-20 cm. Of modern materials, instead of roofing felt, rolled waterproofing materials are used - TechnoNIKOL, Technoelast and other materials for fusing on a polymer-based polyester, which increases the wear resistance of the coating. The service life of such waterproofing is 50 years.

Plaster waterproofing

Laying waterproofing with a plaster method is identical to do-it-yourself plastering of walls along lighthouses. For insulation, mixtures of moisture-resistant components such as polymer concrete and hydro concrete are used. Minimum Thickness the applied layer should be 20 mm.

The advantages of the plaster method include the cheapness of materials and ease of implementation.

Of the shortcomings, it should be noted:

Average level of moisture resistance;
Short service life, after 5 years cracks appear through which water can seep.

Injection waterproofing

The injection method of hydroprotection is based on pumping under pressure special polymer mixtures-injectors into the pores of the foundation. For injection technology materials are produced on mineral or polyurethane base, similar in density to ordinary water. If you use polyurethane-based compounds, then for the waterproofing of each square meter at least 1.5 liters will be required, while acrylic-based mixtures will require much less. Injection perforation is performed with conventional perforators or drills, the hole sizes (from 25 to 32 mm) are determined by the diameters of the injection packers and capsules. At the end of the injection process, the perforation is closed cement-sand mixture usual composition.

Impregnation waterproofing

This technique is based on the impregnation of concrete with special organic binders, filling the capillaries of concrete and forming an anti-hygroscopic layer in concrete up to 30-40 mm deep.

The technology of spraying a waterproofing material requires the use of a special spray gun. So far, the cost of materials is high, but their use is economically justified for waterproofing foundations of complex configuration, which are difficult to process in other ways.

Drainage as an auxiliary measure

The arrangement of drainage systems is designed to remove excess moisture from the foundation system of the building at a high level of groundwater. According to clause 11.1.15 of the set of rules, drainages are divided into general and local. Their use in combination with waterproofing allows you to protect the foundation from the penetrating effects of ground moisture.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of a strip foundation is a difficult task. technological process, requiring a clear understanding of each stage of the entire event. Only in this case, a long period of trouble-free operation of the house will be ensured.

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Very often, inexperienced builders, after erecting a foundation, neglect its waterproofing, considering this operation secondary.

As a result further exploitation bearing walls built on such a basis begin to come into worthlessness due to constant exposure to moisture in the form of precipitation and groundwater.

What is waterproofing and is it needed?

Waterproofing means protection various materials and structures from harmful effects liquids on them. Main the material for the construction and foundation is concrete.

This material, despite its apparent solidity, has porous structure, so it is easily saturated with water (you can find out which concrete to use for the strip foundation).

Without waterproofing such a foundation, load-bearing walls begin to get damp and gradually break down. Applying a protective layer increases the service life of buildings and structures and significantly reduces the cost of their current and major repairs.

Types of foundation waterproofing

By appointment foundation waterproofing is usually divided into two type:

Horizontal. Surfaces located horizontally are protected, for example, the base of the foundation, the base of load-bearing walls;
vertical. It is applied to vertical surfaces, for example, the outer part of the plinth;

Depending on the used material protective coating distinguish the following kinds waterproofing:

Bituminous. Bitumen of various types is used as an insulating material, depending on weather conditions in the geographical area of construction;
Ruberoid. Insulation is carried out using sheets of roofing material, which are stacked in several layers. When laying protection, not only roofing material can be used, but also isoplast, glassine or roofing felt;
Liquid rubber. This material is made on the basis of bitumen. It has a liquid consistency and high elasticity, because of which it got its name.

According to the application method waterproofing is of the following types:

Pasting;
penetrating;
Roll;
Plastering;
Spraying.

Horizontal waterproofing

This type of waterproofing is used for guard walls and foundations. If you plan to isolate a foundation made of concrete mortar, then protective layer placed prior to filling.

To protect the foundation, waterproofing is laid before installation concrete blocks after backfilling and its special layer of cement.

To protect the walls, a layer of waterproofing is laid throughout the perimeter of the foundation plinth after its final setting.

Horizontal waterproofing applied in almost any construction, in contrast to the vertical, which is sometimes neglected. This is due to the fact that horizontally equipped protection effectively protects the walls of the building from the effects of not only ground but also surface waters.

There are various laying methods horizontal waterproofing. Depending on the creation of the necessary degree of protection and the cost of construction, in its manufacture, special Construction Materials.

Bituminous waterproofing

Bituminous waterproofing is used to protect concrete and metal structures. Before styling mastics the foundation is thoroughly dried, otherwise, when bitumen comes into contact with water, they will form bubbles and the waterproofing will peel off.

For the manufacture of bituminous waterproofing material first melt down and then applied to the work surface with a brush or brush. The thickness of the applied layer must be at least 2 mm.

It is best to use construction grades of bitumen containing special additives that prevent the destruction of the material at low temperatures.

Attention! Molten bitumen cools down literally in minutes, therefore, when working with it, it is necessary to observe time intervals, preventing premature cooling of the composition. Insufficiently melted bitumen clogs concrete pores poorly. Bitumen grades BN-3, BN-4, BN-5, BP-5, DH-1V are used for waterproofing works.

Ruberoid

Roofing felt coating refers to highly reliable waterproofing, but such protection requires quite large material costs. Before laying the sheets, a layer of mastic is applied to the surface.

Between adjacent sheets it is necessary to overlap, at least in 15 centimeters.

Attention! Before laying sheets of roofing material, it is necessary to carefully level the surface for their laying! On the uneven surface it will be difficult to provide the necessary overlap of adjacent sheets, and the waterproofing will be unreliable!

Plaster waterproofing

With this method of protection, the surface is covered with a special plaster solution, which includes water-repellent additives, for example, asphalt mastic.

The mortar is applied hot to ensure a better adhesion to the surface to be protected. The solution is applied using the same technology as for the precise alignment of the walls, using lighthouses.

Liquid rubber

The use of this material in the manufacture of waterproofing requires both special tools and specialists. high qualifications. With this method, protection is obtained, which has high strength and wear resistance, which can be applied even in hard-to-reach places.

A special place in this technology is occupied by preparation surface, which takes about a third of the total time of application of insulation. The main brands of liquid rubber used in foundation waterproofing are "Profix", "Slav", "Ultramast" and "Mastic No. 33".

The equipment with which such protection is applied are special atomizers operating both from the electric drive and on gasoline engines.

Penetrating waterproofing

This protection does not require careful surface preparation and special tools. The materials used in its manufacture are pores in concrete, making it moisture resistant. Penetrating waterproofing significantly increases term foundation service and is considered most reliable and durable.

Technology making insulation is simple - a dry mixture is purchased, for example, "Penetron", which is mixed with water according to the instructions for preparation, and then applied to the surface to be protected using, for example, a roller.

After a few hours, the mixture acquires its final properties. Penetrating waterproofing, along with its advantages, has only one drawback - high price.

Roll waterproofing

Roll materials are often used to waterproof a building without a basement. Such insulation is made on the basis of bitumen.

materials and concrete surface previously warm up with gas burner, then gently lay and, pressing lightly, smooth. Adjacent sheets are laid with an overlap 15-20 centimeters.

Spraying

This type of protection against moisture is applied using special building installations, with the help of which a thin insulating layer is laid on the surface.

Waterproofing by spraying allows you to reliably protect concrete structures from moisture and can be used in severe frosts and heat. Used as spraying material synthetic polymers - polycarbamides.

Foundation waterproofing: general rules

To date, two types of insulation are used to protect the walls of a building from groundwater and other types of moisture - vertical waterproofing and horizontal.

Also erect additional structures, for example, install water collectors that drain moisture into special containers or channels.

Before applying the waterproofing layer, the surface must be leveled, cleaned of dirt and dust. For the best adhesion of the protective material and concrete, special primers are used.

See video lesson how to make vertical waterproofing of the foundation with your own hands:

Experienced people think of houses with a zero floor, in which you can place all communications, adjustable nodes and collectors, make a pantry, a drying room (many housewives dream of this). And here all the most interesting begins. As you understand, the foundation of the house is the foundation and the waterproofing of the foundation is simply necessary.

And in order for the basement to be cozy, comfortable and have an optimal microclimate, you should do the waterproofing of the foundation with your own hands. And this applies not only to houses with a zero base, but also to buildings erected on pile and strip foundations.

From the correct waterproofing of the base, the life of the entire housing depends. In this article, we will talk about how to properly waterproof the foundation.

The effect of moisture on the foundation

Many may say that this is all nonsense, because concrete only gains strength and becomes stronger from water. And it can gain and maintain this strength for many years. But not everything is so rosy, moisture has a negative effect on the entire foundation.

What effect does water have on the foundation of a house?

Now you understand what effect moisture has on a concrete foundation. It affects the state of all components and structural elements.

Foundation waterproofing materials

It should be said right away that there are two ways to protect the foundation from moisture.

The first is the application waterproofing materials, to protect the walls of the foundation, we will talk about this below.

The second is the use of special grades of concrete (bridge concrete).

This option is used much less often for a number of reasons:

The cost of concrete increases by 30-50%.
Not every manufacturer is able to produce these brands of solutions.
This type of concrete mortar cannot be transported far, as it sets quickly.

Stir vigorously with a wooden stick and our material is ready for use. The disadvantage of using such material is the service life of about 5 years, after which bituminous surface will start to crack.

The surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, primed. After drying, apply the composition to the wall with a brush. And so we repeat 2-3 times. The corners should be reinforced with a reinforcing element (fiberglass).

sprayed materials. It is a "liquid rubber" and creates a seamless, uniform layer on the foundation surface when bituminous latex emulsion and a special spraying device are used.

If it is planned to apply the material manually, then elastomix and elastopaz are used for this - these are one-component “liquid rubber” compositions. Approximate consumption per 1 sq. m. - 350 gr.

Elastopaz is sold in buckets of 18 kg., It is applied in two layers, dries up within a day. After use, leftovers can be stored in a bucket.

Elastomix is sold in 10 kg pails per comes with adsorbent that acts as an activator. This activator accelerates the hardening process and after two hours the composition will turn into rubber. Apply in one layer, dries in 2 hours. The rest is not subject to storage.

The disadvantage of using "liquid rubber" is that the surface treated with this material must be protected from stones and debris when backfilling the foundation. To do this, it should be covered with geotextile or erect a pressure wall.

We clean the wall from dust and dirt. We prime the surface. After the primer dries, apply the composition with a sprayer (preferable) or with a brush and roller.

Plaster materials. It is applied like ordinary plaster with a spatula, used for leveling and sealing joints. vertical wall foundation. Experts recommend using plaster mesh for more strength. Moisture resistance can be provided by components (asphalt mastics, polymer concrete or hydro concrete) that are part of the mixture.

The advantage of this technology is ease of application, and minus a short service life. Typically, plaster is used to level and prepare the surface before applying bituminous or rolled waterproofing.

Most known materials, these are hydrotex, penetron and aquatron-6. For better adhesion, they should be applied to a wet concrete base. Apply in several layers.

This method is widely used as a repair. That is, when already during operation it is required to eliminate leaks in the foundation. Very expensive foundation waterproofing technology.

Roll materials. The most common is roofing material on paper basis. But modern waterproofing in rolls is a polymer modified material applied to a base made of fiberglass, polyester or fiberglass. Modern pasting waterproofing more expensive, but better and more durable. The running modern roll materials include: Rubitex, Gidrostekloizol, Technoelast, TechnoNIKOL and others.

The material can be applied in two ways, gluing and fusing. Various bituminous mastics are used as glue. And the melting of the material occurs due to heating by a burner (gas or gasoline).

It is recommended to apply two layers. The advantages include quality and long service life. To the disadvantages, a long process and you can’t do without assistants.

AT recent times On the market building materials appeared. Self-adhesive roll waterproofing material.

We clean the surface from dirt and dust. Applying a layer bituminous mastic. It should not be carefully applied here, since the mastic is a connecting element when the roofing material is melted.

Then the roofing material is heated with a burner and applied to a layer of hot bituminous mastic. The sheets are laid with an overlap of 10-15 cm. If the gluing method is used, then the surface should be treated with a primer before applying the mastic.

Types of waterproofing foundations

There are only two types, these are horizontal and vertical waterproofing.

Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is carried out only during the construction of the building. After construction, it is not possible to make it.

It can be used on almost any surface, and most importantly does not shrink after application. We clean all the simply obtained strobes from dust and dirt, treat with a primer.

We prepare the composition according to the instructions. And fill the resulting seams as tightly as possible. As soon as the repair compound has set, it should be moistened with plenty of water. Then it is treated with a primer.

This repair compound will help restore the protective functions of your foundation, but experts recommend using penetrating compounds in addition.

Conclusion

It should be noted that full foundation protection is a combination of vertical and horizontal waterproofing of the foundation. And what material to use is your choice, the most important thing is to follow the technology.

And most importantly, no insulation can withstand direct exposure to moisture for a long time, therefore, roof drains should be provided, storm systems, formwork, drainage systems, both on the ground and underground.

How to protect the bath from destruction as a result of exposure to groundwater? The answer to this question is simple - do-it-yourself waterproofing of the strip foundation will help solve this problem. It is necessary to protect not only the sole of the foundation from moisture, but also the basement and the basement. Knowing the rules for waterproofing the strip foundation with your own hands, you can easily protect other elements of the bath. All parts of this building need high-quality waterproofing - outside walls, floor, roof, window and door openings, with the exception of internal walls.

Features of waterproofing the strip foundation of the bath

The strip foundation does not always need protection from groundwater. This becomes necessary when the level of groundwater leakage is too high or when there is a possibility of a seasonal increase in the groundwater level, for example during spring floods. In case of poor-quality construction of the blind area or its destruction, groundwater enters the foundation with outer side. Insulation should be carried out wherever there is a possibility of an increase in the amount of groundwater or its flow in places where hydrostatic pressure occurs. The waterproofing layer must be continuous and located outside the protected part of the building.

If a The groundwater lie at a distance of no more than 1 m from the bottom of the base of the bath, the foundation needs waterproofing. The level of occurrence of groundwater in this case may vary. A distance of 1 m is the worst case, usually occurring during spring floods. The level of groundwater can be equal to 2 m, which must be taken into account when deciding on the implementation of capital waterproofing of the base. In this case, to protect the tape base from negative impact enough rising moisture coating waterproofing.

The next situation related to groundwater, leading to the need for waterproofing, is the possibility of changes in the level of groundwater with annual fluctuations. The level of groundwater occurrence may increase with increasing pressure on the soil during development of the adjacent territory. Or when drainage is made in neighboring areas and water is discharged from the drainage holes into a reservoir that does not have waterproofing. Such a reservoir can affect the soil, even if it is located a kilometer from the foundation of your bath. In this case, you can get by with waterproofing using coating materials. Regardless of the level of groundwater flow, one condition must be met: the base of the foundation must be on sand cushion 10 cm thick and a corresponding layer of crushed stone. Such a pillow protects the foundation from the capillary rise in the height of groundwater. The crushed stone layer should consist of particles 4-5 cm in size.

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In what cases do you need waterproofing the foundation with your own hands?

If the groundwater runs too high, then before building the foundation with your own hands, drainage is required. Only then can the base be waterproofed. With absence drainage system, the water under the sole of the building forms hydrostatic forces that reduce the pressure of the building on the ground. Due to the uneven distribution of these forces, the structure can move, and the base, left without load, overturns. Only a drainage system can cope with hydrostatic pressure.

On the clay soils, the strip foundation should be protected from surface and groundwater. Water seeps into clay and loam very slowly, so it is directed towards the structure. Drainage is required in this case. In the presence of aggressive water in the soil, in the absence of waterproofing of the base, concrete can collapse in the same way as metal. Chemically active groundwater is of particular danger. Reinforced concrete foundation in such an environment should be made of concrete W4 and above.

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Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the foundation of the bath with the help of coating materials

To protect against seasonal rise in groundwater levels, you can use the most economical method of waterproofing coating materials. Such insulation does not protect against aggressive waters. Bituminous mastic cannot withstand water pressure over 2 m. Such a coating is not resistant to tensile and moving forces. To perform coating waterproofing, the following materials and tools will be required:

The material for waterproofing must be environmentally friendly and safe. Liquid construction bitumen is safe as long as it is not heated.

bituminous mastic;
geotextile;
shovel;
sand;
brush.

Mastic should be applied to a clean, dry, pre-prepared plane. Mastic must be protected from mechanical influences when backfilling with soil. In this case, dense geotextiles are used. When used for filling homogeneous soil, the waterproofing layer can be covered with wide strips of geotextile only in the corners of the structure. If the base is insulated to the freezing level of the soil, waterproofing will not need protection. To prevent incursion in hardened bitumen, the corners of the strip base must be rounded.

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Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the bath foundation using roll materials

For heating, a building hair dryer is usually used, which creates high temperatures. It can also be heated with a gas lamp. These are the main steps when waterproofing the foundation of a building with your own hands.

Rolled waterproofing is used to protect the foundation from the destructive effects of groundwater.

There are 2 ways to roll out material. The first of them is a vertical, rather convenient method. Laying starts from the top of the foundation. After coating vertical surface to the length of the sheet, it must be bent and laid on a horizontal plane. It is not necessary to weld the material to the lower horizontal surface; it can be connected to concrete under soil pressure. The 2nd sheet is overlapped.

With horizontal rolling, the roll is unrolled along the structure. First by horizontal plane the roll is rolled out without welding, the material is pressed against the ground. The material is then glued to vertical plane so that Bottom part this row covered the previously laid horizontal canvas by 20 cm. It is not possible to fix the entire canvas, but only its upper edge. The material, together with the insulation, is fixed with bulk soil to a vertical plane, sticking to it. The insulation work is completed with a canvas covering the upper horizontal surface.

This is a more complex version of rolling, causing difficulties with heating. large sheets material. The foundation is covered with roofing material, having previously applied a heated bituminous mass to it. Roofing material is placed in 2 layers. Both materials must be applied on a flat surface.

Penetrating into the basement and basements moisture creates unfavourable conditions in residential premises located on these floors. With capillary penetration into the body of a concrete monolith of a strip foundation, moisture in winter time, freezing and expanding at the same time, contributes to the destruction of concrete. Moisture in the foundation leads to corrosion metal fittings, which also does not contribute to the strength and reliability of the foundation of the building. For the full-fledged and long-term functioning of the underground part of the structures, it is necessary to ensure it even during the work on laying the foundation. reliable protection from the destructive effect of moisture, underground groundwater and the effects of moisture penetrating from upper layers soil.

Properly executed waterproofing of the strip foundation is designed to protect it from moisture.

Types of foundation waterproofing

Waterproofing methods 2:

Horizontal is used when the groundwater is sufficiently deep and there is no direct contact of the foundation with them. It serves to cut off the capillary rise of moisture from the foundation tape to the foundation wall. Horizontal waterproofing includes different kinds diversion of water from the building - the construction of a blind area and drainage.
The vertical one ensures the watertightness of the walls of the strip foundation. Non-pressure vertical waterproofing protects against seasonal rise in groundwater and precipitation; capillary - from moisture ingress into the concrete monolith; anti-pressure is designed to withstand the hydrostatic action of groundwater.

Depending on the method of execution, they are divided into:

coating (mastic) - is carried out in the form of coating with hot and cold bitumen or polymer compositions;
pasting - insulation with rolled materials (geotextile, roofing material, films);
spraying - applying coatings using a spray;
impregnating - used when processing blocks and slabs with various compositions that penetrate the porous structure of concrete and give them the necessary waterproofing qualities.

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Waterproofing the strip foundation when laying

When under construction, waterproofing is carried out in several stages.
At the initial level, for the waterproofing layer, you need to make a pillow from sand and gravel mixture or a layer of lean concrete.

At the bottom of the trench dug under the foundation, a mixture of sand and gravel is poured, carefully rammed and leveled. The thickness of the layer can be up to 20-30 cm.
A concrete screed up to 5-8 cm thick is laid on the sand layer. After the screed has dried (up to 2 weeks), its surface is treated with bituminous mastic or molten bitumen and a layer of roofing material is laid, bitumen is applied again and then another layer of roofing material. After that, make another 5-8 cm of concrete screed.
After that, the foundation is erected, its surfaces are isolated with vertical views applying waterproofing.

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Foundation waterproofing after construction

Vertical insulation is possible both at the stage of foundation construction and after construction is completed. The most common method is the complete processing of the entire foundation tape with molten bitumen or finished mastic purchased in hardware store. Bitumen penetrates into the gaps of the concrete structure and, while solidifying, creates a layer that protects the foundation from moisture penetration into the body of the monolith.

Vertical insulation can also be made using roll materials or spraying one- and two-component compositions such as Elastopaz or Elastomiks, etc. materials from the category of "liquid rubber".

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bituminous insulation

In order to make insulation with bitumen, you need:

Break the bitumen bar into smaller pieces and melt them in a refractory container (in a bucket over a fire) to a liquid state. It is possible to add a little used oil (automobile) to it when heating the bitumen.
Hot bitumen is easily applied to all surfaces of the foundation in several layers (2-4 is enough). Bitumen should not solidify in the container: when reheated, it loses some of its properties.

Among the disadvantages of bitumen, one can note the fragility (5-10 years of operation) and the low hydrostability of bitumen insulation. When backfilled with soil, the insulation may be damaged.

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Roll materials

To protect the foundation of the building from moisture, first of all, it is necessary to make the so-called blind areas. The layout of the blind areas: 1 - cement mortar; 2 - broken brick, tsebene; 3 - clay; 4 - soil; 5 - drainage groove; 6 - foundation.

As protection for the bituminous layer or as independent view waterproofing, you can make gluing insulation with rolled materials glued to the foundation surface using mastic or bitumen:

Treat foundation surfaces with molten bitumen or mastic. In contrast to the coating type of waterproofing, it is not fundamentally a thorough application of the bitumen layer, since it serves as a layer that ensures the attachment of the rolled material to the foundation.
The roofing material is heated by heating with a burner and superimposed on the hot layer bituminous coating. The joints are overlapped by 10-15 cm and treated with a burner for connection. Instead of roofing material, modern materials are also used, which are deposited in several layers on the surface of the foundation. These are polymer films and polyester fabric with bitumen-polymer coating such as Technoelast, Izoelast, etc.
If it is not possible to use a burner, special mastics with adhesive properties are used.

The durability of such waterproofing reaches 50 years. Waterproofing using rolled materials is considered the most reliable today.

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Liquid rubber is a modern material

The composition is a dispersion of bituminous particles in water, modified with polymers. Among the advantages modern material: no smell, non-flammable, non-toxic. Liquid rubbers can be applied even on wet surfaces and have good adhesion with every reason. After drying, it forms waterproofing membrane on the treated surface.

The disadvantage of the coating is the same as that of bituminous mastic: the surface may be damaged when. Therefore, after applying the composition with an airbrush or manually, it is recommended to additionally fix geotextiles or other material on the foundation (for example, polystyrene foam for thermal insulation).

Applying a layer of liquid rubber requires a preliminary primer special composition or diluted water (1:1) liquid rubber. After drying for 1 hour, 1-2 layers of liquid rubber are applied to the soil layer.