You can save up to 80% of home heating costs by installing the “right” double-glazed windows and insulating the main structural surfaces: foundation, walls, roofing and ceilings. For each type of surface, materials are selected that will protect the house from heat loss and will not require repair or replacement in a few years. Among the most popular heaters is mineral wool.
The composition of mineral wool: what is the insulation made of
Mineral wool is a material consisting of fibers obtained by melting raw materials and stabilized with binders. As the main material used:
- Glass, dolomite, sand.
- Metallurgy waste: slag from blast furnaces.
- Rocks: gabbro-basalt, marls.
Production technology: stages
Production takes place in 3 stages. At the first stage, the source material is poured into special melting furnaces in strict accordance with the recipe. Raw materials are heated to ultra-high temperatures - a maximum of 1.5 thousand degrees. During melting, the material turns into a liquid fluid mass.
The second stage is the formation of fibers. The main method in the production of glass wool is blown. Air streams from an industrial centrifuge are directed into the mass. Under the influence of air, filamentous fibers are formed. Technologically, it is possible to form threads of different thicknesses, lengths and directions. In the direction of the fibers form:
- The structure of horizontal layers.
- Vertically layered fabric.
- Material with randomly directed fibers.
At the third stage, the fibers are treated with binders based on polymeric phenol-aldehyde compounds. The amount of polymer in the composition of mineral wool is strictly regulated, because. resin fumes are harmful to humans. Modern materials are treated with highly stable compounds that are absolutely inert, do not evaporate into the air from the finished material.
Then proceed to cutting the canvases. Slabs, rolls of glass wool or mineral wool are formed.
Characteristics and properties of the material
The main question facing the owner of the house is how to choose the right mineral wool? On the market - a variety of material from different raw materials, with fundamental differences in performance, technical properties and applications.
Types of mineral wool: which wool is better
Under the general name "mineral wool" 3 types of mineral wool are produced from different types of raw materials:
- Slag.
- Stone (basalt) wool.
Glass wool: yellow material in rolls
Fiberglass material in residential premises is practically not used. The main problem is the fragility of the fibers. Small particles of glass cause irritation, getting on open areas of the skin, can provoke inflammation of the mucous membranes, lungs. Mostly inexpensive glass wool is used as a heater for technical rooms, pipelines.
Wool with a fiberglass base has a high hygroscopicity, and the lowest density among all types of mineral wool. Mineral glass wool is not moisture resistant. Is issued in rolls. Also, the material does not have a sufficient level of heat resistance, when heated to 300 degrees, the fibers begin to melt, and the fabric loses its insulating properties.
Stone wool: cut
Mineral stone wool is a canvas with the lowest thermal conductivity, practically does not absorb moisture, but perfectly transmits steam, thanks to its cellular structure. The composition contains a minimum of binders. In addition to high heat resistance, cotton wool is produced in the form of cloths with varying degrees of rigidity, which makes it possible to use it as a heater and sound absorber on different surfaces.
Blade material: cheap insulation
The cheapest insulation is slag wool. Fibers produced from blast furnace waste do not have sufficient density or heat resistance. The material sinters when overheated. Not suitable for laying in places adjacent to heat sources. It is practically not used in domestic construction.
The answer to the question: which is better, glass wool, slag or basalt wool is unequivocal. The most reliable and safe, environmentally friendly material is stone mineral wool.
The main characteristics of the insulation
The characteristics of mineral wool, which must be studied before buying a material, are thermal conductivity, density and vapor permeability, heat resistance.
- The vapor permeability of the canvas is the ability of a material to conduct condensate and steam through its own internal structure without accumulating it inside. The value of the indicator is especially important to consider when selecting a product for warming breathable surfaces, for example, walls made of natural wood. The best indicator is for a material based on basalt rocks (stone wool). Steam conductivity is up to 0.35 mg/sq.m. x h x Pa.
- The density of mineral wool is measured in kilograms per cubic meter (kg per m 3). Stone wool is produced with a density index from 20 to 220 kg / m3. Based on the value, the stiffness of the material is also determined. Plates with a high rate of 200 kg / cubic meter are able to withstand a load of approximately 700 kg per square meter. The lower the index, the softer and more ductile the material. Wool with low density is easily mounted on the surface of a complex geometric shape with irregularities.
The lower the density, the softer the material and the better the flexibility.
- The main criterion by which the insulating ability of the canvases is determined is thermal conductivity. This is the amount of heat that is conducted by a unit of material density in watts at a standard temperature difference. According to the standards, an indicator of up to 0.45 W / m x K is considered sufficient. Modern basalt heaters meet European standards with a thermal conductivity level of 0.03 - 0.04 0.45 W / m x K.
The flammability index is another argument in favor of choosing mineral wool. The material is considered absolutely non-combustible, in addition, when exposed to temperature, it does not emit caustic substances and smoke during combustion. Basalt wool can withstand heating without loss of performance up to 700 ° C. The combustion temperature of wool exceeds 1000 ° C.
Applications of the material
The properties and characteristics of stone-based mineral wool allow the use of insulation without restrictions. In private construction, the material is used for warming the outer and inner surfaces of walls, in the insulating layer of a roofing sandwich, and for thermal insulation of floors.
The use of basalt wool slabs
Other applications:
- The sound absorption properties of semi-rigid rolled products make it possible to use mineral wool for soundproofing rooms.
- Insulation of structures with an increased risk of fire: wooden houses, rooms where boilers, stoves, fireplaces are installed and direct insulation of chimneys and the perimeter of heat sources.
- Protection of pipelines, underground communications.
Release forms
Basalt wool is produced in the form of rigid slabs, semi-rigid mats, in rolls. For professional use, a granular material is produced for application to an insulated surface by spraying.
The highest density of insulation is in wool in slabs. Standard sheet sizes are 50 x 100 cm. The material is easily cut and cut with a hacksaw. The thickness of the sheet can be from 5 to 20 cm. The boards are packed in standard blocks indicating the number of sheets or the square of the surface to be coated in one package. Plates are considered wall and are suitable for installation outside the house, due to their high strength and thermal insulation properties.
Flexible mats in sandwich construction
The material, which is produced in the form of rolled mats, has a lower density. The mats are suitable for laying in multilayer wall structures indoors, they are used as soundproofing wool for installation under a fine floor covering, on interior partitions.
In addition to single-layer canvases, manufacturers offer sheets with several types of coatings. A vapor barrier and waterproofing film is glued on top of the fiber layer to protect the material from getting wet and improve vapor permeability. To improve the thermal insulation properties, the panels are covered with a layer of reflective foil, which reflects heat radiation into the room.
Manufacturers: who to entrust the insulation of the house
Traditionally, European manufacturers are considered leaders in the production of mineral wool (or stone) wool. The release is made in accordance with the internal standards of the countries where the production is located, and the requirements of European standards are much more stringent than domestic ones. Naturally, imported products are more expensive.
An alternative to imported insulation is domestic analogues, which are produced on new equipment, according to standards that are not inferior to European ones.
Characteristics of basalt insulation materials from market leaders:
The choice of material for soundproofing and insulation
For installation on different types of surfaces, a heater is selected, depending on the required characteristics and density. The difference in insulation for walls, roofs, floors is not only in rigidity, but also in price.
Roofing mineral wool: application features
Several types of basalt insulation are used in roof insulation systems:
- Plates - when arranging finished roofs, for laying in rafter niches.
- Rolled - for mounting a roofing sandwich under a rigid sheathing.
- With a heat-reflecting layer to protect against attic heat loss.
The density of the insulation for the roof should not be maximum. There is no load on the surface of the material. Therefore, they are more guided by indicators of vapor permeability and moisture resistance: warm, moist air should not remain inside the insulation. The thermal conductivity of wool decreases with increasing humidity.
For the arrangement of roofing "pies", multilayer systems of vapor-permeable films, mineral wool for the roof, and a waterproofing layer that protects the insulation from moisture from the outside are used.
Attic insulation boards are laid directly above the waterproofing film between the rafters. Fasten with a crate.
Wall insulation: how to choose the right material for exterior and interior work
Rigid slabs are used for outdoor work. The density of insulation for external walls should be maximum. A decorative cladding is laid on top of the insulation layer or a light or heavy plaster layer is applied.
For outdoor use, choose a vapor-permeable material with a minimum moisture absorption rate. For interior work, not only plates are used, but also mats. It is expedient to lay mats (rolled materials) when creating multilayer wall structures with a rigid facing layer.
The parameters of mineral wool for walls are also selected taking into account the material from which the insulated surface is made. Too dense material is not suitable for protecting wooden walls - such a surface must necessarily “breathe”.
The thinner the wall and the higher its thermal conductivity, the thicker the insulation layer should be.
Comparison of mineral wool and alternative insulation
When choosing a material for insulating home systems, doubts often arise: which of the heaters, polystyrene foam or mineral wool, is more reliable? Each of the materials has its own advantages and limitations in application.
How to choose the right insulation
Comparison of characteristics and performance properties of mineral wool and expanded polystyrene
Basalt insulation is classified as fireproof. Expanded polystyrene is not recommended to be mounted in areas close to sources of fire: the material burns and emits toxic components during combustion.
When assessing water absorption, polystyrene wins. Expanded polystyrene is completely moisture resistant - the material does not absorb moisture. The disadvantage of the material associated with moisture resistance is the lack of vapor permeability: walls sheathed with foam plastic will not breathe.
The thermal conductivity of materials is almost the same. The strength of expanded polystyrene is lower, the weight is less. The material weakly resists mechanical damage; when laid without a top layer, it begins to crumble after a few years. Sheets can only be laid on a perfectly flat surface. It is impossible to carry out installation with the absence of cold bridges.
Differences in mounting technique
Mineral wool requires protection from getting wet. Not recommended for use in dug-in foundation insulation systems.
Limitations and scope of materials
From a comparison of the properties of expanded polystyrene and mineral wool, it is possible to determine without error the types of surfaces for which one or another insulation is suitable.
Mineral wool should be preferred:
- For roof insulation.
- In installation on internal walls from a tree.
- As insulation baths, log cabins.
It is better to insulate a wooden house with cotton
- For warming and thermal insulation of pipelines, communications.
- In the insulation of stoves, fireplaces, boilers.
Expanded polystyrene is used:
- For laying around the foundation in the ground.
In wet soil, it is worth using moisture-resistant polystyrene foam
- As an insulating layer of floors with subsequent pouring of the screed.
- In thermal insulation of wet rooms: bathrooms, kitchens.
- In thermal protection of external walls, under decorative plaster.
It is not difficult to determine the type of material. In order not to make a mistake with the modification, the thickness of the insulation, it is advisable to get expert advice. The calculations take into account the characteristics of the surfaces, too thin a layer may not be enough to protect against heat loss. It is also worth listening to the advice of the masters when installing roofing sandwiches: by choosing a multilayer mineral wool with a vapor barrier and a reflective layer, you can save on the amount of other materials.
Video: the whole truth about mineral wool
Any living space should be well insulated. Maintaining a comfortable temperature is one of the primary tasks that have to be solved during the construction of a new facility, or after a period of time, during its operation. One of the reliable and high-quality materials with which you can achieve heat retention indoors is mineral wool.
The definition of this insulation is fixed by GOST 31913-2011. This type of materials includes any heaters made from molten rocks and molten metal slags. There are several types of mineral wool, each of them differs in characteristics, performance features.
The materials are similar in composition, the difference is in the duration and volume of the constituent particles that fill the element for insulation. The number and size of the components can be different, properties can be changed. It is important to understand that a variety is required in a particular case. The choice of this or that material is predetermined, depending on the need to withstand mechanical loads, weather conditions in the region.
Composition and types of mineral wool
Different manufacturers offer different options for the structure of the material. They differ in density, composition. In the basis, in any case, there will be a certain rock. More often these are carbonate or basalt-based rocks. All this is the residual composition after metal production. Approximately 10% of the composition of mineral wool is occupied by additives that serve to improve performance.
To increase the density, a binder is used. Usually these are resins with phenol or benite clay. To increase thermal insulation and better preserve the material, the insulation is covered on top with the thinnest paper layer. Particles of aluminum and polyethylene are added to it. You can get more detailed information about the composition of the insulation by reading the information on the package.
Varieties of mineral wool
The characteristics of the insulation are completely dependent on the particles that make up the material.
There are several different heaters:
- The most common type of insulation. The thickness of the villi is 5–15 microns, the length is up to 5 cm. The similar size of the components makes the plates strong and elastic. It is important to observe safety rules during the implementation of insulation measures. Thin threads can damage the airways if you breathe near the composition. Fibers make the skin itch, cause allergies, burning. Be sure to use a respirator and gloves, overalls.
- Slag. It consists of fibers with a thickness of 4-12 microns, their length is 1.5 cm. Due to its composition, there are fatal flaws. They do not allow the use of the material in many areas. When interacting with a metal, it will definitely oxidize. The insulation quickly absorbs liquid, and the thermal insulation characteristics are almost completely nullified. Rarely used for work in residential buildings.
- Stone wool. The fibers do not exceed 5–12 microns in thickness, 1.6 cm in length. It is similar in properties to the previous type of cotton wool. The advantage is that the substance is not caustic, which will facilitate the installation process. Water is poorly absorbed, because the material is often used for insulation of residential buildings or utility rooms.
- Basalt wool. Made from gabbro. Does not contain many unpleasant additives such as limestone and other types of slag. Usually, mineral wool insulation is sold in rolls, so that the contents do not deteriorate for a long time. The insulation composition does not undergo combustion, melting occurs in direct contact with the flame.
Mineral wool, the dimensions of which can vary greatly depending on the manufacturer, differs in brands. They differ in density and degree of insulation.
Possible options:
- P-75. Density 75 kg/cm 3 .
- P-125. Density 125 kg/cm 3 .
- PZh-175. Density 175 kg/cm 3 .
- PPZH-200. Density 200 kg/cm 3 .
Comparative table of characteristics of mineral wool
| Characteristics | slag wool | stone wool | Basalt wool | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 0,46–0,48 | 0,038–0,46 | 0,035–0,042 | 0,035–0,042 |
| Use temperature | -60 … 250 | -60 … 450 | -180 … 600 | -200 … 700 |
| Fire resistance class | NG | NG | NG | NG |
| Sound absorption coefficient | 0,75 … 0,82 | 0,8 … 0,92 | 0,75 … 0,92 | 0,8 … 0,95 |
| Moisture absorption, % | ||||
| Heat capacity | 1000 | 1050 | 1050 | 1050 |
| Number of connecting elements, % by weight | 2,5 … 10 | 2,5 … 10 | 2,5 … 10 | 2,5 … 10 |
Pros and cons of mineral wool
In order to choose the right heat-insulating material, to decide on its variety, it is important to know the advantages and disadvantages.
Among the advantages of mineral wool are:
- High thermal insulation characteristics. Minvata occupies one of the leading positions among heaters in this indicator. It is used everywhere, there is no need to add an additional heat-insulating layer or material.
- Waterproof. Cotton wool passes steam well and absorbs water poorly. Thanks to this property, the walls of the room will always remain dry if the laying is carried out correctly, vapor barrier and waterproofing are added.
- Resistance to chemical compounds. Mineral wool retains its properties and characteristics, does not deteriorate when exposed to aggressive acids, and does not collapse in an alkaline environment.
- High rates of air exchange. Mineral wool insulation allows air to pass through, therefore a comfortable microclimate in the room is maintained. The walls don't get wet. Often there is no need for ventilation.
- Good soundproofing. If the room is insulated with mineral wool, practically no sounds will be heard from the street.
- Fire resistance. One of the important features. The material will not support the flame, contribute to its spread. There is no release of caustic substances during melting.
- Duration of operation. Manufacturers set the service life of the elements at the level of 25–50 years. During this period, microorganisms will not spread in the internal space of the insulation, fungus will multiply. Rodents do not burrow in slabs.
- Ecological purity. The production process does not affect the environment. No harmful substances are emitted during operation.
Disadvantages of mineral wool:
- decrease in performance after getting wet. After water absorption by 2%, the thermal insulation properties are reduced by 10%. To remedy the situation, manufacturers surround mineral wool with additional layers. It is mandatory to install high-quality vapor barrier and waterproofing;
- dust release. This is especially true for glass wool and slag wool. When working, harmful villi are released that can harm human health. When working with the material, it is imperative to use protective elements;
- release of resin vapors. Some manufacturers claim that resin emissions can be harmful to health. However, according to the results of recent studies, it became clear that this is not the case. The amount of dangerous emissions is so small that it is unable to harm a person.
Speaking of shortcomings, it is worth considering the manufacturer. Many disadvantages are practically reduced to nothing thanks to modern additives and additives.
Is mineral wool harmful to health?
Binding elements emit components harmful to humans, this is true. Manufacturers of mineral wool claim that the content of substances that can harm human health in the insulation is negligible. Health safety can only be fully ensured if all prescribed operating rules are followed.
Important: even the slightest deviation from the norm, execution technology, or installation errors lead to negative health consequences.
It is possible to determine that harm to health is caused precisely by mineral wool, according to certain signs. There are headaches, pressure drops. The person's condition worsens slowly, there is a general malaise. It is possible to identify the source of negative feelings only after checking the premises. Sometimes problems arise due to errors made during installation.
Mineral wool contains phenol. The substance is quickly absorbed through the skin, affects the brain. Minimal poisoning can cause nausea, headache. To prevent this, you should follow the installation rules established by the manufacturer.
The choice and use of mineral wool
You can buy goods in the form of tiles or rolled rolls. The insulation is suitable for work with the roof, vertical surfaces, interior space and floor. There is a possibility of use in other suitable places. Work can be carried out on a flat surface, or with bends - the properties do not change from this. The composition is divided into brands that differ in density. They are used in different places.
Use of mineral wool:
- P-75. Can be used in attics and roofs. The main thing is that wool should not be subjected to heavy loads due to its low density. The composition is wrapped around heating plants, pipes. In the case of a density lower than that of the P-75 grade, use is possible only in places where there is no load at all.
- P-125. Insulate the floor, ceiling, walls between rooms. Can be used as a soundproofing material.
- PZh-175. Due to the high rigidity index, the use of the material is possible on concrete walls or metal sheet profiles.
- PPZH-200. Used in the same place as the previous variety. The difference lies in increasing the fire safety of the material.
The cost of the product depends entirely on the density. The higher the indicator, the more complex the production process. The number of fibers increases, the thermal insulation characteristics increase. You should choose based on the location of the home, on how cold winters and hot summers are.
Characteristics vary depending on the location of the fibers. Vertical arrangement - the best protection against noise and heat preservation. Chaotic - increased strength, the ability to withstand dynamic loads.
Be sure to check whether the product is made in accordance with GOST. Information about this is applied to the packaging. Insulation sizes may vary in packaging. Be sure to tell the seller to open it to make sure that the thickness of the sheets is correct personally. It is advisable to purchase goods from manufacturers from Europe. The composition is mainly of better quality than domestic.
Slag wool and glass wool are inexpensive when compared with other materials for insulation. However, you should think carefully before purchasing them. They contribute to the formation of skin redness, an allergic reaction, the skin itches if the installation is performed incorrectly and there is contact with the body. During operation, the same problems are possible for residents of the house.
The best manufacturers of mineral wool
Mineral wool producers cannot be added to the list by determining the best or worst. Each of their materials has its own disadvantages, advantages, there is a difference in characteristics.
The following brands are trusted:
The goods are produced and sold in Russia, although the company's roots are in Denmark. The price markup is minimal, the goods are of decent quality. Builders confirm that the products are worthy of respect. Here, there are increased indicators of fire safety (up to 1000 ° C), noise absorption. Ecological purity is confirmed by the international certificate EcoMaterial Green. Buy only from reliable suppliers - there are a lot of fakes on the market.
| Material name | Material type | purpose | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rockmin | plate | 0.039 | |
| Domrock | mat | heat and sound insulation of ventilated coverings and attics, roofs, walls, wooden beams, suspended ceilings, light frame walls and partitions, as well as floors on logs. | 0.045 |
| Superrock | plate | heat and sound insulation of ventilated coverings and attics, roofs, walls, wooden beams, suspended ceilings, light frame walls and partitions, as well as floors on logs. | 0.035 |
| Panelrock | plate | heat and sound insulation of the walls of external buildings | 0.036 |
| Ventirock max | plate | insulation of ventilated facades | 0.036 |
| Monrock Max | plate | 0.039 | |
| Dachrock prof | plate | insulation of all types of flat roofs | 0.045 |
| Fasrock max | plate | 0.037 | |
| Fasrock L | plate | heat and sound insulation of external walls with a facade insulation system using the “light wet” method | 0.042 |
| Fasrock | plate | heat and sound insulation of external walls with a facade insulation system using the “light wet” method | 0.039 |
| Stroprock | plate | heat and sound insulation of floors on the ground and ceilings under a concrete screed | 0.041 |
| Alfarock | mat | 0.037 | |
| Rockmata | mat | insulation of pipes and pipelines | 0.036 |
| Wired Mat and Alu Wired Mat | mat | insulation of pipes and pipelines | 0.042 |
Paroc
Cotton wool ideally keeps the size, does not begin to crumble even after 10 years of operation. The product is decent, but the price is high. The manufacturer focuses on high thermal insulation performance. Noise isolation is also excellent.
| Material name | Material type | purpose | Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PAROC InVent 80 N3/N1 | plate | soundproofing for ventilation ducts | 0.034 |
| PAROC High Temperature Slab (NT-900) | plate | designed for high operating temperatures (withstands temperatures of 900 0 С) | 0.055 |
| Paroc Extra 50mm/100mm | mats | universal thermal insulation material, which is used to insulate the frame structures of all parts of the building | 0.035 |
| Paroc UNS 37 | plates | universal thermal insulation board made of incombustible mineral fiber, which are used for thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire protection. | 0.037 |
| Paroc Extra Finnish Standard | plates | used for heat, sound insulation and fire protection of walls, roofs and floors in all types of buildings. | 0.042 |
| Paroc ROS 30, 40, 50, 60 | plate | rigid slab designed for single-layer flat roof structures | 0.037 |
| Paroc Linio 10, 15, 18, 20, 80 | plate | for creating thin-layer plaster systems in low-rise construction. | 0.036 |
Isover
Only glass wool and stone wool are produced. The manufacturer has a deservedly good reputation in Russia and abroad. There are all necessary quality certificates. One of the novelties is glass wool without dust and with minimal prickliness. The price / quality ratio here is optimal, although the quality of the products is unlikely to be compared with more expensive brands.
| Material name | Material type | purpose | Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISOVER Classic | roll | insulation of structures where the heat-insulating material should not bear the load | 0,033-0,037 |
| ISOVER Karkas-P32 | plate | 0,032- 0,037 | |
| ISOVER Frame-M37 | mat | insulation of frame structures | 0,037- 0,043 |
| ISOVER Karkas-M40-AL | mat | insulation of frame structures | 0,040- 0,046 |
| ISOVER SoundProtection | plate | insulation of frame structures | 0,038- 0,044 |
| ISOVER Floating Floor | plate | sound insulation of partitions, false ceilings, walls inside the room | 0,033-0,046 |
| ISOVER Karkas-P34 | plate | soundproofing from impact noise when installing a "floating floor" | 0,034-0,040 |
| ISOVER Pitched Roof | plate | insulation of multilayer walls of buildings from small-piece materials | 0,037-0,043 |
| ISOVER OL-TOP, OL-P, OL-Pe | hard plate | pitched roof insulation | 0,037-0,042 |
| ISOVER Vent Facade | plate | flat roof insulation | 0,032-0,040 |
| ISOVER OL-E | hard plate | wall insulation with ventilated gap | 0,034- 0,039 |
| ISOVER Stucco Facade | hard plate | wall insulation with plastering | 0,038- 0,043 |
Knauf
Produces many products for the construction market. Thermal insulation is one of the best, it is used in all areas. Insulation can be specialized, that is, it serves a specific purpose: insulation of heat, noise, steam. Other indicators may be underestimated, thereby lowering the price of the product.
| Material name | Material type | purpose | Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/mK) λ10, λ25, λA1, λB2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thermo Plate 037 | plate | heater for the whole house | 0,037, 0,040, 0,041, 0,043 |
| HEATROOM 037A | plate | roof insulation | 0,037, - , 0,041, 0,043 |
| HEATWALL 032 A | plate | insulation "for siding", prefabricated wall sandwich panels, insulation of hinged ventilated facades | 0.032, - , 0.039, 0.042 |
| HEAT roll 040 | roll | thermal insulation of floors in attic rooms, attic and interfloor ceilings, floors along logs | 0,040, 0,044, 0,044, 0,047 |
URSA
Offers a new generation of mineral wool. It is carried out using special technology. The product is environmentally friendly. Acrylic binding element, completely safe for health. There are many other types of cotton wool available, which do not differ in price and quality from other manufacturers in the top.
| Material name | Material type | purpose | Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) |
|---|---|---|---|
| URSA GEO М-11 | roll | 0.04 | |
| URSA GEO Universal plates | slabs in a roll | universal material (floor, roof, wall insulation) | 0.036 |
| URSA GEO Pitched roof | slabs in a roll | pitched roof insulation | 0.035 |
| URSA GEO Noise protection | slabs in a roll | insulation of frame partitions and walls when facing from the inside | 0.039 |
| URSA GEO Light | roll | insulation of floors, ceilings, acoustic ceilings | 0.044 |
| URSA GEO M-11F | roll | insulation of walls when facing from the inside, insulation of floors, ceilings, baths | 0.04 |
| URSA GLASSWOOL FACADE | mat | insulation systems with ventilated air gap | 0,032-0,043 |
| URSA GLASSWOOI P-15 | plate | pitched roof insulation | 0.042 |
| URSA M-25 | mat | insulation of structures of complex shape | 0.038 |
Often a detailed analysis of competitors, material properties, characteristics, dimensions of insulation, mineral wool or some other, allows you to determine which option is optimal. With mineral wool, it will not be possible to determine. Many manufacturers supply a really high-quality product, approximately equal in price and characteristics.
FAQ
How to determine if cotton wool is of high quality?
The quality of the composition can be checked by examining the packaging. Compliance with GOSTs is necessarily applied on it, a seal is put. A mark on the passage of the relevant examinations is displayed.
How to understand if a product is suitable for the home?
You can determine whether mineral wool is suitable for a particular area of \u200b\u200bthe house by the density of the material. It is worth considering the performance characteristics, the thickness of the walls of the dwelling. For example, cotton wool brand P-75 is not suitable for installation on walls; here it is better to use denser compositions.
What kind of cotton is better?
It will definitely not work to determine which type of cotton wool is better, which technical characteristics are higher. Each manufacturer offers a product with slightly different characteristics. It is worth choosing based on the price category. It is advisable to purchase only products from trusted manufacturers.
Do rodents start in mineral wool (glass wool, slag stone wool,)?
Rodents start up in mineral wool, so you should think about additional protection of the material.
Mineral wool is one of the best insulation materials on the market. It has all the necessary characteristics, quality. Proper installation will improve the thermal insulation of any surface of the house, and the durability of the material distinguishes it from other compositions similar in function.
With the rise in the cost of energy carriers, the issue of inexpensive, but high-quality room insulation becomes very relevant. From this point of view, mineral wool is just such a material.
By definition, mineral wool is a fibrous material designed to insulate and insulate rooms. It is based on thin fibers of different thicknesses and lengths, loose or compressed, with inclusions of various components (limestone, clay, dolomite, formaldehyde resins) or without inclusions.
There are several varieties of mineral wool, which are made from different materials, differ from each other in technical characteristics and are used for different purposes.
glass wool
The basic material for the production of glass wool is quartz sand, borax, dolomite, soda, kaolin, cullet and limestone. This variety is distinguished by the longest and most fragile fibers, therefore, when working with it, respirators, goggles and a protective suit are used, otherwise small particles of fibers can cause serious damage to the skin and mucous membranes.
- fiber length - from 15 to 50 mm;
- thickness - from 5 to 15 microns;
- maximum melting point + 450 C;
- thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.03 - 0.052 W / m * K;
Glass wool has a relatively low hygroscopicity and, due to the length of the fibers, increased elasticity, after deformation, the material quickly restores its shape.
slag wool
Slag mineral wool is made from slag waste from smelting furnaces. This is the cheapest mineral wool, but it is recommended to use it only in dry rooms. When wet, the fibers oxidize and are destructive to metal parts. In addition, this type of mineral wool, as a heater, has a high hygroscopicity and is not recommended for outdoor use.
Slag wool has the following technical characteristics:
- fiber length - up to 16 mm;
- thickness - from 4 to 12 microns;
- maximum melting point - 300 C;
- thermal conductivity indicators - 0.046 - 0.048 W / m * K;
- has a high hygroscopicity;
- capable of oxidizing metal surfaces.
When working with slag, it is necessary to take into account the fragility of its fibers and use protective equipment.
stone wool
The base material for the manufacture of mineral stone wool is gabbro-basalt rocks with the addition of carbonates to reduce acidity. Forming and binding components can be bituminous, composite and synthetic materials (formaldehyde resins). Due to this, mineral wool has excellent fire-fighting properties: at the maximum melting point, it does not burn, but crumbles into dust. The increased porosity and static nature of the material provides excellent thermal and sound insulation properties.
Mineral stone wool has the following technical characteristics:
- fiber length - does not exceed 50 mm;
- thickness - from 5 to 10 microns;
- maximum melting point - up to 870 C;
- thermal conductivity indicators - from 0.035 to 0.039 W / m * K;
- the content of organic components is not higher than 4%;
- due to open porosity, the material has a certain vapor permeability.
Stone mineral wool is available with a coating of aluminum foil, kraft paper or fiberglass. Due to the increased density, some varieties of stone mineral wool for insulation can withstand a load of up to 700 kg per square meter.
Possessing good heat-saving, fire-fighting and sound-proofing abilities, mineral wool is one of the most inexpensive and effective heaters today.
General characteristics
What other characteristics make mineral wool a popular and widely used material? Today, the following qualities are especially valuable:
- a low amount of phenol-formaldehyde mixtures in the composition make the material suitable for indoor use;
- mineral wool is not of interest to rodents and is not a favorable biological environment for the reproduction of mold;
- material differs in the increased resistance to temperature fluctuations of environment. Stone mineral wool is able to maintain its main characteristics for 50 years, other types serve a little less;
- due to porosity, vapor permeability is ensured, which is necessary for normal air exchange and good sound insulation;
- mineral insulation - a fire-resistant material that is incapable of spontaneous combustion;
- does not react with various chemicals;
- the elasticity of mineral wool and slight shrinkage after installation provides thermal insulation properties for a long time;
- has low coefficients of thermal conductivity, due to which it provides a good level of thermal insulation;
- mineral wool insulation is easily cut into pieces and easy to install, some types of plates are produced with docking grooves.
How much does mineral wool cost at the moment? The price range varies considerably, one thing can be said with certainty: the higher the technical characteristics of the mineral wool, the denser and harder the material, the more expensive it is. The cheapest options are soft mineral wool in rolls of slag and glass, the most expensive are stone wool slabs with maximum density. True, a house insulated with such material will stand almost forever.
Criterias of choice
At the moment, the industry produces several varieties of mineral wool, which differ in material and manufacturing method, as well as in density. Further performance characteristics of mineral wool depend on the density and thickness:
- mineral wool in rolls is characterized by a density of up to 35 kg / m3 and is intended for use on horizontal surfaces without additional load;
- mineral wool in slabs with a density of up to 75 kg / m3 are used for floor insulation, interior partitions, ceilings;
- plates with a density of up to 125 kg / m3 are used for external thermal insulation (building facades);
- especially rigid mineral wool slabs with high density values (200 kg/m3) are used for insulation of load-bearing structures made of reinforced concrete, interfloor ceilings, roofs and floors under a screed.
The density and stiffness of the material are proportional to sound transmission and vapor permeability. It is also important to evaluate the location of the fibers: if they are placed vertically, then the mineral wool has good sound and heat insulation properties, in the case of a chaotic arrangement, the material deforms less and withstands significant loads.
Forms
How to decide on the choice of form? For insulation and thermal insulation of pipes and supporting structures, it is convenient to use rolled wool, for even vertical and horizontal surfaces it is more convenient to use plates.
- the material in the slabs is very convenient to use for the insulation of internal and external horizontal surfaces. Plates are produced in several versions: soft, rigid and semi-rigid. Their thickness can vary from 30 to 200 mm, and the standard size is 1x1.2 m. Such a mineral wool insulation serves to insulate pipelines, form external sandwich panels (in combination with bitumen spraying), insulate the roof and concrete load-bearing floors. For convenience, some plates are equipped with fiberglass reinforcement or docking grooves;
- blowing mineral wool is designed for warming difficult and hard-to-reach places. The procedure is carried out with special equipment, this allows you to insulate complex roofs with many beams and wooden floors;
- mineral wool in rolls is intended for thermal insulation of complex structures, pipelines, free-standing supports, etc. To enhance the density and thermal insulation properties, a material with fiberglass reinforcement and a foil surface is used;
- mineral wool mats are large (from 7 to 12 meters in area), but they allow you to create a minimum of joints, seams and cold bridges in the heat-insulating layer.
Mineral wool restores its original shape well, so mats rolled into rolls can be easily straightened.
Flaws
Briefly about the material, we can say the following: mineral wool does not rot, does not attract rodents, is environmentally friendly, retains heat well, does not let in sounds and does not ignite when heated. It would seem that with the low cost of some varieties - an ideal option. But he also has his shortcomings.
Some varieties of mineral wool (slag wool) have increased hygroscopicity compared to others, and when wet, they can oxidize the metal and lose their basic characteristics. Due to the hygroscopicity of such mineral wool, it is recommended to use hydro and vapor barrier insulation.
Heating affects the thermal insulation properties, when the permissible temperatures are exceeded, all types, except for stone wool, are sintered or melted. Therefore, the choice of material is very dependent on the conditions in which it will be used.
Some varieties contain a small percentage of phenol-formaldehyde compounds and organic substances. True, when used outside the premises, a small amount of them is unable to cause any tangible harm. However, when choosing mineral wool for indoor insulation, you need to pay attention to such characteristics. For premises, any mineral wool of German manufacturers will be an excellent choice. It will cost more, but we can say with confidence that it does not contain any carcinogenic compounds.
You can not use mineral wool for insulation without a protective layer, in the open. She definitely needs isolation, this is due to the fragility and fragility of the fibers, which, in the form of small crumbs, can rise with dust into the air and cause various damage and irritation of tissues.
Summing up, we can say that the mineral wool retains its functionality subject to the rules of operation, which include: the correct choice of the material of manufacture, the rigidity and thickness of the layer, the shape and conditions in which it will be used.
Mineral wool, the technical characteristics of which make it possible to consider it one of the most effective heaters today, is an inexpensive and very popular material. Its main advantages are considered low cost and low degree of thermal conductivity. Another undeniable advantage is its versatility. used for ceilings, walls, etc. It is not recommended to use this material only if there is a danger of moisture. The fact is that when wet, mineral wool completely loses its thermal insulation properties.
Varieties of mineral wool
At the moment, there are only three main types of mineral wool:
- Glass wool.
- Slag.
- Stone wool.
The main characteristics of glass wool
In the production of glass wool, materials such as soda, lime, borax and sand are used. The main component is glass cullet. After the processing of all these components, fibers are obtained, from which elastic and durable mats are made, which preserve the mineral wool of this variety well, has one rather significant drawback. In the process of performing work on the thermal insulation of structures, the fibers break easily. In this case, small pieces penetrate clothing and dig into the skin, causing severe itching. Moreover, particles with the inhaled air can enter the lungs, causing long-term irritation. Therefore, you need to work with glass wool in a tight work suit, respirator, goggles and gloves. Most likely, it will not be possible to reuse clothes.
Characteristics of slag wool
Slag fibers are made using waste from metallurgical production. The thermal conductivity of this type of mineral wool is the lowest. In addition, it absorbs moisture very quickly. Therefore, experts do not recommend using it for insulation of external walls and water pipes. Another disadvantage of slag wool is its high acidity. In the presence of even a small amount of moisture, when it comes into contact with the metal, the latter is rapidly oxidized. Like glass wool, slag wool is caustic.
Basalt wool
Basalt mineral wool, the technical characteristics of which make it the most popular both among private traders and large developers, is made from rocks of the gabbro-basalt group, metamorphic and marls. This variety does not prick and does not cause metal oxidation. It is afraid of water, but at the same time it has a high degree of vapor permeability. The material of this variety is produced both in slabs and in rolls (mats).
Minvata: technical specifications
Comparative technical characteristics of these three varieties of mineral wool, see the table below.
Variety | Fiber thickness (µm) | Fiber length (mm) | Thermal conductivity index (W/m K.) | Working temperature | combustibility |
glass wool | +450 to -60 | ||||
slag wool | Maximum +300 | May sinter at high temperatures |
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Basalt wool | Up to +1000, provided the mats are not deformed |
The density of mineral wool can vary from 11 to 144 kg / m 3.
Mineral wool reviews
They speak about how about a heater more than positively. It is this type of heat insulator that is currently considered the most popular and widespread in the world. Good reviews about it from both private homeowners and large developers are explained, first of all, by excellent thermal insulation properties, ease of installation and low cost. However, some owners of suburban areas still treat this material with caution. The fact is that mineral wool is capable of releasing dust and vapors that are harmful to health. However, manufacturers claim that all harmful substances are contained in it in such small quantities that they do not have any negative effect on the body.
But still it is believed that mineral wool insulation involves careful sealing of the structure. As for the manufacturer, many speak well of mineral wool brands such as Isover and Ursa. Knauf and Rockwool cotton wool is also praised.
Comparison with other materials
We will talk about how the ceiling is insulated with mineral wool and the floor and walls are sheathed with this material. First, let's compare this type of insulation with other popular varieties. These include, for example, ecowool, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, sandwich panels, etc. All of them are quite effective. Expanded polystyrene is considered the second most popular after mineral wool. It costs not much more and at the same time has almost the same technical characteristics. Its main difference from mineral wool is that it is not afraid of moisture, weighs less and is flammable. Polyurethane foam has the lowest degree of thermal conductivity known at the moment. However, it costs much more than mineral wool and polystyrene foam and is also very difficult to install.
The use of mineral wool
Most often used for insulation of walls, roofs and ceilings. The installation technology in all these cases is similar. It does not differ in any particular complexity. This is to a large extent what makes this material so popular with private developers.
Mineral wool, the technical characteristics of which allow it to be used for insulating structures made of almost any material, does not burn at all. Therefore, it is it that is used for the insulation of structures in rooms with an increased risk of fire.
The use of mineral wool for wall insulation
The walls are insulated in several stages:
- A frame (usually wooden) is attached to their surface. The thickness of the bars in this case should be equal to the width of the insulation. They are mounted so that the mineral wool stands between them as tightly as possible. Sometimes the plates are additionally attached to the wall surface with special dowels - "fungi".
- Before installing the plates, if the insulation is carried out from the side of the street, a vapor barrier is stretched between the frame bars.
- Next, the mineral wool itself is installed. The thickness of the plates can vary from 40 to 200 mm.
- At the next stage, a waterproofing film is stretched over the plates. They fasten it with bars, stuffing the latter directly onto the frame. The film is usually mounted horizontally, with an overlap of 15 cm. When insulated from the inside, the procedure for installing vapor and waterproofing films is reversed.
- At the final stage, a fine finishing material is installed on the bars of the resulting counter-lattice.
Use of wool for floor insulation
The floors are insulated about the same. Only in this case, not a frame is used, but wooden logs. The floors between them are pre-laid with waterproofing material. Next are the insulation mats. On top of them, a vapor barrier film is mounted on the bars (with foil inside the room). Next, fill the floor or edged board. Then they mount the final floor finish - laminate, linoleum, parquet, etc.
Using mineral wool to insulate the ceiling
The insulation of the ceiling with mineral wool is carried out in the same order as the insulation of the walls. That is, the frame is first stuffed, then the plates are mounted, then the vapor barrier, and at the last stage the fine finish. In this case, the plates are necessarily additionally attached to the "fungi" or glue.
Attic insulation technology from the inside
Insulation of attics and attics from the inside is performed as follows:
- Rafter legs and all wooden elements of the roof are carefully treated with antiseptic compounds and agents that increase the resistance of the material to fire. Since roof waterproofing is always carried out already at the stage of its construction, there is no need to take this step in the process of warming from the inside.
- Further, mineral wool slabs are inserted between the rafters and fixed with wire.
- After that, as in the first two cases, a vapor barrier is installed on the bars.
- At the last stage, the attic is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
Minvata: price
Of course, those who decide to use this material for home insulation would like to know how much such work will cost. The cost of basalt wool can vary quite seriously depending on:
- From the manufacturer. For example, mineral wool from the Rockwool and Knauf firms (1000-1500 rubles per sheet of 12-18 sq. M) is somewhat more expensive than Ursa (600-700 rubles).
- material thickness. Of course, the thicker the material, the more expensive it is.
- Its density. Soft mats in rolls are cheaper than hard boards.
Thus, mineral wool, the price of which is democratic, is a heater, of course, worthy of attention. Sheathing walls, floors or ceilings with this material means making your home warm and cozy for many years.
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