Section I. Botany in facts and
events.
knowledge on the history of development and formation of biology as a science in general,
as well as its individual branches; about the role of a particular trait in life
various organisms, as well as knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the
1. Once a stranger came to Louis Pasteur and introduced himself as a second
a certain count, who thought that the scientist insulted him. Graph
demanded satisfaction. Pasteur calmly listened to the second and said:
“Since I am called to a duel, I have the right to choose a weapon. Here are two
flasks: in one the causative agent of cholera, in the other pure water. If a person,
whoever sent you agrees to drink the contents of one of them, I will drink
from another flask. Do you think the duel took place? How can you call
this type of weapon?
(The duel did not take place, the weapon was bacteriological).
2. The wife of the German country doctor Robert Koch, Emma, presented him with
birthday gift. This gift of a beloved woman determined his
following scientific advances. With the light hand of Emma, he was very lucky: soon
he won the Nobel Prize. A bacterium is named after him
causative agent of tuberculosis. What gave Koch his far-sighted soup?
(The gift was a microscope. With it, R. Koch also discovered pathogens
lei of cholera, bubonic plague, sleeping sickness and tetanus, which saved lives
millions of people, It turned out that these terrible diseases can be treated!)
3. The expedition of Vitus Bering was coming to an end, but the disease came to
all - teeth loosened and fell out. Most of the crew died
Bering himself died. A group of people remained alive, which became
eat algae. What saved people?
(Brown algae).
4. In Germany, in one of the Bavarian swamps, a medieval
knight in armor, and in Austria, at a depth of 1.2 m, they found the remains of a bre-
crowned road laid by the Romans, and on the road - a Roman coin
with the image of the emperor Tiberius Claudius, dated 41 BC.
How can the preservation of these and other finds be explained?
5. Dried moss, especially sphagnum moss, is used in construction
houses, barnyards and other buildings as a wall insulation,
interpretations, etc. Due to what features did moss find such an application?
6. During the war years, in the absence of cotton wool, when dressing wounds, doctors used
dry sphagnum moss. What properties of this plant were taken into account in this case,
and do not forget that the dressing material must be sterile?
7. Many legends are associated with the fern, each of them expresses faith
into the magical power of a fern: to make a person wise, bring him prosperity, find a treasured treasure. So, a legend is connected with a black fern (ostrich feather) that in the middle of summer, on the night (from July 6 to 7) on the eve of the religious holiday of Ivan Kupala, a fern blooms and that a small bright red flower of this plant has magical powers. The fern flower with its bright glow indicates the place where the treasure is buried. Why has none of the people yet been able to see the flower of any fern?
(The fern does not bloom).
8. Somehow, in late autumn, a little knowledgeable in forestry, but a very self-confident auditor, arrived in Siberia. Seeing the naked taiga, he asked the forester:
Is it coniferous forest?
Coniferous, - the answer followed.
Where is the needles?
Whose fault?
Through the fault of nature itself.
Don't hide behind nature. You will be responsible for the death of the forest ...
What trees did the taiga consist of? What feature of these trees did the auditor not know?
(Larch, the only deciduous plant among conifers).
9. In 1596, Jacques Cartier went on an expedition by ship to explore the coast of Canada. The entire crew fell ill with scurvy. Twenty-six sailors had died by the time the ship reached the banks of the St. Lawrence River. Having landed on the shore, the ship's crew could not find either lemons or vegetables in the northern forests. Yet Jacques Cartier managed to save the rest of the team from death by listening to the Indians.
What advice did the Indians give to Jacques Cartier?
(Chew needles, drink a decoction of needles).
10. In the book "Plant Life" K.A. Timiryazev writes: “Nature has resorted to a trick here ... The root, with the possibly smallest expenditure of building material, is able to run around a larger number of soil particles, come into close contact with it as possible ...” What kind of trick are we talking about?
(Root hairs).
Section II. Botany in puzzles.
In the botanical garden, tree labels are tied with wire (but loosely!) at a height of 1.3 m from the ground. The tree grows to a height of 30 cm per year. How tall will the label be in three years? Why are tree labels tied loosely?
Refute the following statements about poisonous mushrooms:
silver darkens from poisonous mushrooms;
raw milk curdles from poisonous mushrooms;
heads of onions and garlic turn brown from poisonous mushrooms.
Mushrooms of the order Truffle have underground fruiting bodies. How do the conditions of existence affect the morphology of the fruiting bodies?
Scientists have noticed that in some cap mushrooms, the temperature of the fruiting bodies can be higher than the ambient temperature. For example, at an air temperature of 13 ˚C, the boletus cap heats up to 15˚C, and the temperature of the spore-bearing layer can reach 18˚C. Explain the biological significance of this rise in temperature.
The well-known mushrooms of mushrooms settle on stumps, contributing to their destruction: the wood becomes rotten. When oxygen enters the mycelium, the wood of the stump begins to glow. Stumps have been observed to glow most intensely on warm, humid nights. Explain why.
6. Cap mushrooms used by humans for food are often
wormy. Are there wormy poisonous mushrooms - fly agaric,
pale grebe, etc.?
P 7. Why is it harmful for people to visit parks and suburban forests?
affects the state of the forest stand, even if people do not apply
trees of direct harm?
Q 8. Do all poplars push? Explain the answer?
9. In which plants do the flower arrows and stems bearing flowers grow strongly after flowering and what does this give the plants?
(Many types of umbrella, bellflowers, etc. As an adaptation to the spread by wind, birds).
(The liverwort and oxalis bloom in spring; the perianth of the liverwort is bluish-purple; marchantia is moss; the strawberry fruit is a multi-nut (fraga); chamomile does not have single flowers, but an inflorescence - a basket; buttercup with orange-red milky juice - celandine; blooms with white flowers " deaf nettle "(white yasnotka from the labiate family), which is not burned and is not used for making cabbage soup.
11. One egg is boiled for 4 minutes. How many minutes does it take to boil 6 eggs?
Section III. Zoology. Type assignments
"Guess who".
Identify the birds by their beaks (Fig. 1). Underline the names of those birds that are found in Ukraine.
(Flamingo, spoonbill, puffin, nightjar, cormorant, avocet, crossbill).
The Chinese consider this bird a symbol of well-being, the Polynesians - the evil night god, and among the ancient Greeks it symbolized wisdom. In the Middle Ages, the church declared this bird to be an "evil spirit", a servant of the devil. What is this bird?
An old legend about this bird says that one woman killed her husband and for this she was turned by God into a bird that was not destined to have her own family. This bird has been crying bitterly ever since.
Guess who is she?
(Cuckoo).
Indicate the name of the bird whose name is the same as the name of stringed musical instruments.
This bird has an unusual appearance: large round eyes, small legs not adapted for walking, and most importantly, a large mouth. In the evenings, this bird often hovered over the steppe, scurrying around the udders of goats and cows. In Spain, this bird is called the one that “sets up” the shepherds. And what is it called in Ukraine?
(nightjar).
What kind of animals are shown in the figure (Fig. 2)? What is their systematic position?
(Sponge - bodyaga, hydra, scyphoid jellyfish - cornerot).
In ancient Greece, there was a legend about the beautiful weaver Arachne, who wove her fabric in competitions no worse than Athena herself. For unheard of impudence (not a joke - to compete with the gods!) Athena did not recognize the work of the girl. In desperation, Arachne wanted to hang herself, but the vengeful goddess did not allow the girl to do this and turned her into an animal constantly weaving a web. Name this animal? What is its systematic position?
Section IѴ . Grammar in biology.
1. Write down, rearranging the letters in places, the names of life processes, Students must read this process and correctly name it
definition:
Deviveniye - withdrawal is ...
Ldenie - division is ...
Torso - growth is ...
Khinadie - breathing is ...
Sofotinzet - photosynthesis - is ...
Jazmnornia - reproduction is ...
2. Write down words with missing letters. After correct application
spelling students will receive the word:
French
Il...yumination
Six…eleven
German ... th
R ... wailing.
Botany. Tasks for the application of knowledge.
1. Insert missing words:
The main distinguishing features of angiosperms
is that they have ______ and ______. The flowers contain ______,
in the extended part of which ______ develop _______. seeds
are inside ______.
2. Insert missing words in sentences:
The axial part of the flower, on which all other parts are located,
is called ______. The double perianth consists of ______ and
The calyx is formed by ______, and the corolla is ______. Perianth-
nickname performs the functions of ______ and ______. The main parts of a flower are
The stamen is made up of ______, the pistil is made up of ______.
3. What adaptations do plants growing on
soils poor in mineral nutrition?
(Low absorptive capacity of roots, high degree
development of mycorrhiza, low growth rate and long duration
life of the whole plant, high root biomass, excess
absorption of elements of mineral nutrition, as if for the future,
adaptation to obtaining elements of mineral nutrition
not from soil, highly recyclable).
4. What organs of plants and parts of a flower can be homolo -
winged adaptations in fruits and seeds of various
plants?
(Bracts, sepals, leaves of a simple
perianth, the walls of the ovary of the fruit. only petals and
stamens cannot change into pterygoid formations).
5. For what purposes and with the help of which plant adaptations
attract insects?
6. In what ways can a leaf of a flowering plant defend itself
by air?
Section V. Zoology. Questions
"For systematization."
One of the most important ways of structuring zoological knowledge is
"folding" information about species in the characteristics of supraspecific taxonomies -
cal units. This feature of zoology gives rise to a specific class
questions.
1. How many legs does a house fly have?
2. How many arteries depart from the heart of a sturgeon, bullfinch, elk, toad,
viviparous lizard?
3. How are the excretory organs of a tropical dragonfly arranged?
4. How many legs does a butterfly have - hives?
5. How many wings do flies have - Drosophila?
6. What is the difference between live birth in a rabbit and a viper?
7. Arrange the following animals - dog, giraffe, chicken,
frog - in order of decreasing blood pressure. Obya answer -
8. What is the difference between a mosquito sting and a bee sting? What's happening
with a bite of a mosquito and a bee?
9. How to distinguish a newt from a lizard and a legless lizard from a snake?
10. How do you explain the fact that wasps are stunners that hunt
on beetles, always sting the victim from the underside?
11. Who is shown in Figure 3 - a snake or a lizard?
(Depicted is the head of a lizard with a half-closed eyelid and external
ear canal).
12. Figure 4 shows a gray crow. She has a two-tone color -
gray and black. Shade in the figure those places where the plumage should
be black.
Section VI. Zoology. Tasks
"For erudition."
The questions presented in this section can be conditionally referred to as
one very large and very heterogeneous group - questions
"for erudition". They test knowledge of a well-defined area.
The appropriateness of such questions is related to the importance of this area.
If it is sufficiently extensive and significant, then the interested
biology, the schoolboy certainly could not pass by her, even if
was not specifically interested in her, and will be able to give an intelligible
answer. Questions "for erudition" - the best indicator of knowledge of zoology.
Questions for observation.
1. Underline the name of the blackest bird:
a) sandpiper - blackie;
b) black stork;
c) black woodpecker;
d) black grouse - blackie;
And what is not black for each of them?
2. Is there a difference in how a dog and a horse drink water?
3. From the memoirs of the famous traveler V. Goryunov about his
trip to India in 1953:
“... I made my way between the prickly bushes of the dragonfly, from the branches
which hung predatory anacondas, ready to gnaw another
sacrifice. Papyrus crunched under my feet. Against the background of the general diversity
raziya stood out bright flowers of the venus belt - a predatory tropical -
whom the fern. A couple of times the path was crossed by tiger tracks or
gorillas are terrible enemies of wood bison. From a rotten swamp to a thicket -
a shaggy armadillo ran out from the bodyagi and rushed into the forest with a clatter
shu. Start to bake. A leech bit me painfully on the shoulder, and I realized
It's time to go back..."
What biological inaccuracies will you find here?
4. The artist depicted in Figure 5 a flying fish (1), a lamprey (2),
flounder (3) and shark (4). See if everything is correct on these
drawings. If you find errors, point them out and explain what
they consist.
5. Which animals have one, two, three, four, five or more pairs of legs?
6. Many songbirds have a complex specific song and, in addition,
a set of short signals, often similar in different species.
What is the role of both types of signaling in the life of birds?
8. Why do spiders need a web?
9. How do aquatic insects breathe?
10. In what ways do animals protect themselves from predators?
11. What animals and how do they use them in their life
principles underlying the use of objects depicted
women in figure 6?
12. Determine in which direction the time machine is moving - from
past to the future, or vice versa, from the future to the past.
annotation
to the didactic manual on biology
for students in grades 7-8.
This manual is a collection of entertaining tasks and questions, designed
for students interested in biology.
The work contains tasks for sections of grades 7 and 8, which have scientifically -
practical focus on the development of theoretical and logical type
thinking, intellect, striving for independence.
The tasks for this collection are borrowed from various sources, sections of the time -
differ in the style of presentation, the detail of the answers.
The proposed questions can be used by a biology teacher to develop
interest in the subject, as a “seed” in problem lessons, for the system
tizizatsii material, to connect new material with a long time passed.
Collection of didactic tasks
Biology
in
questions and answers
Compiled by: Nikitina N.I.
Secondary School #6
G. Ternovka
2011
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Questions on the topic "Man"
How can you determine a person's age?
Studies by American scientists have shown that the age of a person with
error not exceeding 10% can be determined by analysis
isomers of amino acids found in teeth and eyes.
How often should you wash your hair?
You need to wash your hair as it gets dirty. For some, once a day is enough
week, and some every day. The main thing is that the scalp and hair are
always clean.
How many cells are in the human body?
There are approximately one hundred trillion cells in the human body, but only a tenth of them
- human. The rest are microbes. They inhabit our skin, live in
nasopharynx, throughout the intestines.
What causes insufficient water intake in the body?
Experts from the medical center of the British city of Leeds say that
insufficient fluid intake in the body leads to problems with
study. In a study conducted in several schools and colleges,
it turned out that children who drink up to eight glasses of water get the best
scores than those who drink less fluid. Perhaps this is due to the fact that
normal intake of fluid into the body improves capillary
blood flow. The brain is better supplied with oxygen-carrying blood
thinking is activated, and memory works better.
What is the strongest ligament in the human body?
The strongest ligament in the human body is the Bertinian ligament, which strengthens
hip joint, withstands a load of 350 kg.
Where are the strongest muscles in humans located?
The strongest muscles are those located on both sides of the mouth and are responsible for
lockjaw. They are capable of developing a force of about 70 kg.
What is the difference between a laughing and a crying person?
According to research by French neurologists, a crying person
43 muscles of the face are involved, while the laughing one has only 17. Thus
Thus, laughing is energetically more beneficial than crying.
At what time of the day do muscles work most productively?
It is noted that the most effective muscles work at 13:00. 30 minutes.
What is the total length of blood capillaries in the body
human?
The total length of blood capillaries in the human body is approximately 100,000 km.
km., which is 2.5 times the length of the equator, and the total internal area is 2
400 sq. m.
What is the capacity of the liver?
The liver passes over 100 liters of blood through itself in one hour.
What is the thickness of a blood capillary?
Blood capillaries are 10 times thinner than hair.
What is the total circulation of blood?
A complete circulation of blood through both circles of blood circulation takes 2123
seconds.
What is the volume of blood in human arteries?
In human arteries, the volume of blood is on average 950 ml.
How long does it take for a molecule to form?
hemoglobin?
"Assembly" of the hemoglobin molecule takes only 90 seconds. Every second in
The human body synthesizes 6.5x1014 hemoglobin molecules.
What is the length of the intestine?
The length of the intestine in humans exceeds the length of the body by 34 times.
What is the composition of blood plasma?
The composition of the blood plasma resembles the composition of the water of the ancient seas of the earth, in which
life was born.
How much do we cry?
A healthy human body produces approximately 0.5 liters of tear
liquids per year.
When do nails and hair grow faster?
The growth of nails and hair most intensively occurs between 16 and 18 hours.
What is the lifespan of the hairline?
Eyebrow hair, eyelashes and axillary hair live 34 months, hair
heads - 46 years.
Does a beard cause hair loss?
Physiologists of the University of Lyon (France), studying the heat exchange of the head in
men, found, they said, a relationship between the size of the beard and thick
hair: the larger and more magnificent the beard, the more hair falls out on
head and the more often baldness develops. If in winter the warming of the face with a beard
acts positively, then in the summer, especially with physical effort, the head and
the bearded man's brain is overheating. So the beard helps
baldness.
How many children can a woman give birth to during her childbearing period?
Most children (which is officially registered) had a Russian
peasant woman Vasilyeva, about whom it is known that she was born in 1707 in Shuya.
This woman in the period from 1725 to 1765 gave birth 27 times and had 69 children: 16
twins, 7 triplets and 4 quadruples.
The attitude of peoples to the birth of twins?
The birth of twins in humans accounts for 8085 singleton births. Some
the ancient peoples considered the appearance of twins a bad omen. So,
for example, to avoid trouble, people of the Nigerian Ibu tribe threw
away all food and fuel that was in the house at the time
birth of twins. In Uganda, twins were not considered human and were equated with
animals. The Saliva Indians of the Venezuelan tribe were sure that the twins
can appear only from two fathers, and subjected the woman in labor to beating “for
adultery." But the North American Indians called cocop
twins as messengers of the gods and treated them with exceptional reverence.
Where can stones form in the human body?
In the human body, stones can form almost anywhere, for example
in the kidneys (uroliths), gallbladder (choleolitis), veins (angioliths), lungs
(pulmoliths), brochs (broncholitis), nasal passages (rhinolitis), muscles
(myolitis), bones (osteoliths), tumors (tumorolitis) and even in the cornea of the eyes
(ophthalmoliths).
Questions on the topic "Plants and mushrooms"
Why does dew fall on plants more than on soil?
Because the plants cool more at night than the soil and the dew settles
first of all on a cold surface. Turns out plants are better.
absorb dew than rain. Part of the moisture falling on the plants is here
is absorbed by the leaves, and some is collected in droplets and flows down the stems,
moistening the soil.
Why on the same juniper bush can
see green, gray-brown and blue-black berries?
Green berries are only in the first year, in the second they become gray
brown, and on the third black and blue-black. They are tender and pleasant in taste.
Where does the snowdrop get the strength to bloom in early spring?
Early-flowering plants from autumn accumulate nutrient reserves - for
due to these reserves, they can form a flower without blooming leaves and without
waiting for conditions for intense photosynthesis.
Which trees are not too demanding on the purity of the air and
grow quite well even on busy highways,
close to factories and plants?
Maple, poplar, birch, linden, elm.
How does dirty air affect coniferous trees?
Air pollution is associated with the formation of acid rain and the accumulation
ozone in the ground layers of the atmosphere. It has been found that acid rain, ozone and
heavy metals in the atmosphere form very reactive mixtures capable of
destroy chlorophyll in needle cells, thereby disrupting photosynthesis and,
causing almost complete fall of the needles. In addition, they help flush out
soils of important mineral components for plants - magnesium, potassium and
calcium. This further worsens the condition of the weakened tree.
What is this plant? If you rub your hands with the juice of the leaves of this
plants, the bees will not sting your hands.
Mint.
Why do onion bulb scales not turn blue from the action of iodine?
They do not contain starch, and the available sugar does not turn blue with iodine.
How to detect sweet sugar in a bitter onion?
Scald it with boiling water or boil it.
What "chemical weapon" does an onion bulb have?
Volatile substances that cause burning on contact with mucous membranes
eyes, nose, mouth. They are called phytoncides. The bulb needs these substances for
protection against bacteria, mold and other enemies.
What plant is semolina obtained from?
Semolina is obtained in mills by grinding wheat grains.
How is oatmeal obtained?
To prepare hercules, steamed oat grains are flattened.
What needs to be grown in the field to cook barley porridge
cereals?
To cook porridge from pearl barley, people need to grow in the fields
barley.
What is obtained from hevea juice?
Natural rubber is obtained from the sap of the hevea tree.
How rich is garlic?
Garlic is rich in carbohydrates (10.5-1.1%), proteins (36.7%), mineral salts and
vitamins. The content of essential oils in it reaches 150 mg%. From vitamins
especially a lot of ascorbic acid - 70 mg%, and in green leaves - up to 150 mg
%. There are also salts of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, manganese,
copper, phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic and iodine. Garlic is rich in such trace elements,
like germanium and selenium, having antitumor activity.
Is wood lice useful?
Chickweed medium, or, as it is also called, wood lice, difficult to remove
weed. Meanwhile, the plant is very useful. It is rich in vitamins C and E,
vitamin K, rare for the plant world, which regulates clotting
blood. A person who takes woodlice juice becomes less irritable,
his heart works better, headaches and other ailments that
accompany sclerotic changes in cerebral vessels.
Who is "bolidomonad"?
In the Mediterranean Sea, French biologists have found a single-celled algae,
moving with extraordinary speed: a cell 1.2 microns long
crawls a millimeter per second, which is more than 800 times its length.
The algae was given the name "bolymonade".
What is rich in celery?
Celery is one of the oldest types of vegetable plants. Its roots and
especially the leaves, contain essential oils, amino acids, vitamins,
mineral salts of potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus. celery juice
promotes digestion, it is used in the treatment of obesity, diabetes,
disorders of the cardiovascular system, neurosis, anemia and many
other diseases.
Why the flower buds of woody plants do not freeze
in winter?
Many flower and leaf buds of woody plants are covered with resin or
pubescent, have a dark color that protects from frost; flower buds
have an air gap, and air is a poor conductor.
What makes early flowering plants only with the advent of
spring to begin to bloom, sometimes under the snow?
Every plant has a biological clock that chimes to start growth,
flowering is the length of the day. Increasing the length of the day to
a certain time - a signal to early flowering plants: start growing.
Why do early flowering plants have thickened roots?
They store the nutrients that plants need to
rapid growth and development in the spring.
What is the signal for the beginning of flowering plants?
Increasing the length of the day encourages the production of
special substances (gibberellin) that enter the top of the shoot,
after which it blooms.
Why do all herbaceous early flowering plants have
small and undersized?
In a short time of active development, and even with an unfavorable spring
temperature can not accumulate enough nutrients needed
for the formation of tall, powerful stems and large leaves.
What happens if the bees disappear?
If bees disappeared from the face of the Earth, over 100 thousand species would die
flowering plants.
Where are the banana seeds?
Many plant species produce seeds and fruits only if they
were pollinated and fertilization occurred. Some fruit crops
such as bananas and pineapples, fruits are formed without fertilization and therefore
do not have seeds. These plants reproduce vegetatively.
How many seeds does a poplar have?
Usually plants produce a large number of seeds, which is an adaptation
to survival. For example, one plant of white quinoa forms about 100 thousand plants.
seeds per year, henbane - about 500 thousand, poplar - 27 million seeds.
How much does a palm fruit weigh?
The seeds of most plants are usually small. Very small seeds
have plants from the orchid family. Many legumes have large seeds,
horse chestnut, some gourds and a number of palms. So, the fruit of the Seychellois
palm trees with one seed reaches 50 cm in diameter and weighs 1520 kg. matures
seed about 10 years old.
How many chloroplasts are in a plant cell?
The number of chloroplasts in plant cells varies from 1 to 40 per cell. The form,
size and number, distribution of chloroplasts is constant for each species
plants.
Why is birch called "pioneer"?
Birch is the first of the trees to develop open spaces.
What is the tallest plant in the grass family?
Bamboo.
How long does it take for the baobab to bloom?
Just one night, and its flowers are pollinated by lemurs, galago and flying dogs.
Who has the food record?
Microscopic blue-green algae spirulina has a record
high nutritional quality. Among animal and vegetable products
origin, it has no equal in terms of the amount of protein - it is in algae cells
contains up to 7580% (for comparison: in beef 18%). The amount of vitamins and
There are more phytohormones in spirulina and their composition is better than in ginseng roots. And
what is important - all this wonderful complex of substances is well absorbed
animals and humans, since the shells of spirulina cells are thin and easily
broken down by digestive enzymes.
Why are mushrooms called the orderlies of the forest?
Mushrooms are involved in the processing of plant residues in the forest: they destroy stumps,
trunks, fallen branches, dead leaves.
Why are edible mushrooms growing near industrial
enterprises, chemical plants, highways, become
hazardous to health?
Edible mushrooms under adverse environmental conditions accumulate
toxic substances, especially heavy metals: mercury, lead, cadmium.
Which fungus mycelium forms mycorrhiza with birch roots,
pines, larches?
Red fly agaric.
What mushrooms do animals eat?
Boars love boletus, boletus, mice - russula, boletus,
bears - mushrooms, moose, magpies - fly agaric.
Why are mushrooms considered a popular food among the Slavs?
In addition to taste, they are considered fast food, and Orthodoxy requires
200 days of fasting.
Which peoples in Russia did not eat mushrooms at all?
Tatars, Yakuts, Nenets.
Who and in what year established the symbiosis of mushrooms with
trees?
Russian scientist F.M.Kamensky in 1881.
Which mushroom smells like wheat flour?
Oyster mushroom. Also called a bun.
How to distinguish a satanic mushroom from a mushroom?
In the satanic mushroom, the underside of the cap is pink, while in the boletus it is white or
greenish.
When did mushrooms become especially popular in our country?
In the 10th century with the adoption of Christianity in Russia.
Why do most mushrooms grow in the forest?
Because, firstly, for successful development, mushrooms need sufficient
the amount of oxygen in the surface space. And secondly, they also need
moisture. Most cap mushrooms live in symbiosis with the roots of higher
plants and, first of all, with the roots of trees growing in the forest.
Questions on the topics "Reptiles",
"Amphibians" and "Protozoa"
Owner of a tail with sharp spikes
The crocodile is a very ancient animal. It has existed on Earth for about 150 years.
million years, being the closest relative of extinct dinosaurs. At
The ancient Egyptians were considered a sacred animal. He equated himself with the dragon
symbolizing the sun - the source of life on our planet. the largest
representative is combed crocodile. Only one head
the giant is more than a meter long, and the entire body of the animal extends for 7 meters.
At the same time, such a whopper weighs up to 700800 kilograms. special attention
deserves a tail. Its length is more than 3 meters. It is covered with horny scutes
sharp spikes. The tail is not only a means of transportation, but also a powerful
weapon. With a strong blow of the tail, the predator dissects its prey.
Crocodile Dinner Party
The crocodile is an excellent hunter. The length of the tooth is 35 centimeters. in the mouth
they are from 60 to 100 pieces. But, oddly enough, his teeth are not adapted for
crushing food. Grasping the animal with its large teeth, the predator tries
drag him to a deep place in the water to drown him. If the sacrifice is small,
the crocodile swallows it whole. If it is much larger than the size of the mouth
predator, he tears it into several pieces. But sometimes he can't
break prey unaided. That's when he invites
dinner of crocodile friends. The number of guests is from 47 people. Guests
together with the owner behave at the table very strangely: they capture the body
dead animal in the water from different sides with its huge teeth, strongly
close their jaws and, pressing their limbs to the body, quickly rotate around their
longitudinal axis. As a result, each of the participants in the dinner twists for
yourself a solid piece of meat. This is how the crocodiles have a dinner party.
snake walk
The movements of the snake fascinate with their smoothness and grace. The snake slithers
on the grass or on the ground, wriggling with all its beautiful and shiny body. If a
look closely, then during the "walk", you can see that under
her ribs move with her skin. It turns out that the unique snake "gait"
possible due to the fact that its owner "steps" on the ground with ribs.
The crumbling desert sand is too poor a foothold. Concerning
developed a "lateral move". This means that the reptile does not crawl forward, but
shifts one half of the body to the side, slightly raising it above the sand, and
after that pulls another to her. In such a peculiar way
movements are distinguished by a resident of South Africa, a tailed viper,
inhabitant of the deserts of California and Mexico, the horned rattlesnake, as well as
representative of the animal world of the Karakum desert sand efa. Is there
such snakes that prefer to move not on the surface of the sand, but in
its thicker. So do, for example, a resident of the Karakum sand boa and
An inhabitant of the Kalahari desert is a pygmy viper.
Do your eyes shed too?
All types of snakes periodically molt, changing their old skin to a new one. Moult
starts from the edges of the mouth. To get rid of the annoying "clothes", the snake
rub against branches or stones. Often in the forest you can see empty snake skins.
bags, which are called "creeps out". Eye films and lenses too
faded away. So it turns out that the eyes of the snake also shed. True, this can be
tell a friend: along with the “clothes”, the snake also changes “glasses”.
egg eater
The snake-eater has a length of about 60 centimeters. However, it is very thin. Her
the skin is pinkish-brown with dark speckles. bulging eyes have
silver tint. The pupil is similar to a cat's - it is narrow and vertical.
The serpent-eater has one very interesting feature in the body structure:
about 7 centimeters from the mouth inside the body there are long
processes. They are attached to the vertebrae and hang down. Serpent Eggeater
swallows a bird's egg whole. When it is under the vertebrae with
appendages, the snake contracts the muscles and the ends of the appendages crush the fragile
eggshell. The contents of the egg - white and yolk - are digested. A lump
broken shell reptile burps. bird egg lover
lives in Africa.
Zemzem - the oldest inhabitant of Central Asia
The Komodo dragon can be over 3 meters. Inhabits the Malay Islands
archipelago. It is the largest lizard in the world and feeds on ungulates and monkeys.
and carrion. Zemzem - the so-called gray monitor lizard in Turkmenistan, is one
one of the main decorations of the Central Asian desert. He's not as big as him
Komodo fellow, but he can not be called small. total length
a large monitor lizard can reach one and a half meters, and 90 centimeters
belongs to the tail. The saliva of a monitor lizard has poisonous properties. He
land predator. Feeds mainly on small turtles, lizards,
locust. Also catches snakes. Can cope with a meter-long viper, whose poison
not dangerous for him. If zemzem falls into an area where there is a reservoir, then
shows a love for the water element, unusual for the indigenous inhabitant of the desert.
He enters the water and catches river crabs in shallow water.
Leaving the pursuer "with a nose"
The sandy roundhead is a small lizard with a sandy yellow back.
Despite her modest size, she is able to protect herself. For this she
no need to use physical force. When a predator pursues her, she
flattened out on the sand and quickly begins to vibrate with all its tiny
body across its axis. As a result, after a few seconds, the lizard
sinks into the sand. Leaving his pursuer "with a nose." Among the sandy
barkhanov lives a large eared round-headed. If the enemy is on
dangerous distance, and she does not have time to run away and hide, then she
begins to actively defend. First, the lizard puts its tail into action -
vigorously twisting and unwinding it. Then turns to the enemy and
begins to scare him in another way: her mouth opens wide, and her "ears"
skin folds in the corners of the mouth - straightened and filled with blood. Giving
thus, his appearance is intimidating, eared, round-headed
makes attacks towards the opponent. If the enemy does not retreat, the lizard lets in
move their sharp teeth.
self-crippling
When danger appears, most lizard species try to run away and
take cover because they have no other means of protection. If, for example,
grab an ordinary or viviparous lizard by the tail, then a reptile
throw it away and run away. A slight pain stimulus is enough,
so that the tail of the lizard breaks off reflexively. After a while, she
grows new. This phenomenon is called autotomy. Autotomy is
means automatic self-mutilation. This phenomenon is typical not only for
lizards, but also for other animals. For example. The broken one grows back
a claw in cancer or a severed tail in a newt. Sometimes you can meet
a lizard with not one, but two or even three short tails. it
happens in that case. When the tail that has just begun to grow again
is damaged.
ovoviviparous
A viviparous lizard does not lay eggs. They linger at her
body until it is time for the babies to hatch.
The development of embryos occurs not due to the maternal organism, but due to
nutrients found in eggs. Such a phenomenon is called
ovoviviparity. This is a way of adapting to living in
northern latitudes. But, being in other conditions, for example, in warm Spain,
viviparous lizard lays eggs in the soil.
Escorpion and vest
Escorpion and vest - large short-toed lizards with a flat, blunt
muzzle. Both are poisonous. The poison is contained in the mandibular glands. All teeth
have external grooves. According to nimto, poison flows directly into the wound of the bitten
gila animal. When these reptiles are annoyed or frightened by something, they
the mouth is filled with poison, which comes out in the form of foam. The poison of the gila-tooth is not
only very painful, but often fatal, and not only for the animal.
Who issues the swamp turtle?
The bog turtle lives in reservoirs and eats its prey underwater.
It feeds on aquatic insects and their larvae, worms, newts and
frogs. Hunts for fish too. Having caught a fish, the turtle begins to eat it with
belly, biting off the swim bladder. He pops up and gives
turtle location.
Can a frog eat a rat?
One of the largest frogs, the bullfrog, lives in North America. Her
the length is approximately 25 centimeters, and the weight is 600 grams. Dwells in
coastal thickets. Received its unusual name for lowing,
issued by the male. Goliath frogs living in West Africa are much
larger than even bullfrogs. They reach 60 centimeters in
length. Such giants are capable of eating a rat. And there are little frogs.
A resident of South America, a frog-liputian can freely accommodate on
pinky nail.
"Clawed" frog
The hairy frog lives in West Africa. The paws and sides of the male are covered
the thinnest, like threads, outgrowths of the skin. At first glance, this seems to be
not modified skin, but a thick layer of hair. Hairy frogs are armed
claws that retract like those of cats.
horned frog
A slingshot frog the size of a saucer. She has short thick paws and a swollen
stomach. Above each eye, the skin rises in an isosceles triangle,
like horns on a goat's head. Because of these peculiar horns, she was nicknamed.
About a horned frog in the truest sense of the word, one can say: “She has a finger in her mouth
don't put it down." But what if the finger ends up in the mouth? Slingshot with all your might
squeezes it with its jaws, and it will seem to the victim that “the finger lies
on a rail along which a long freight train passes with increased against
normal number of wheels.
The ratio of tailless to offspring
Different types of frogs treat their offspring differently.
Parental responsibilities for many amphibians come down to the fact that females
spawn and the males fertilize it. They leave their offspring in
reservoirs, without taking any additional measures for its safety.
But one kind of tree frog sticks together two leaves and, when in this vessel
water will accumulate, spawn there. Another view comes even more original: on
at the top of a tree located on the shore of a reservoir, a nest is twisted from the foam,
where the eggs go. The moment of spawning occurs when the external
the foam layer has already hardened, and the inner one remains wet. Once
tadpoles will grow up enough to take care of themselves, solid
the shell of the nest crumbles, and the babies from the tree fall into the water.
Offspring in the vocal sac
A male Chilean nosed frog swallows 2,030 fertilized eggs.
They enter the vocal sac located under the skin on the chest and belly.
There is the development of eggs. After a certain time, the male in direct
sense of the word spits out tiny frogs.
Going out into the big world is an important family event
It all starts with the fact that the tiny inhabitant of the pocket of the "mother" toadpipa,
abruptly changes his behavior - he becomes active. Baby first waves
paws, then frantically flounders, wriggles. Finally out of the pocket
paws appear, then a head. The process of liberation from under the mother
guardianship lasts quite a long time. Periodically arranging short respite, he,
finally, he crawls out of the hatch, climbing onto his mother's back, completely
covered with large pits. After resting for a while, the newborn
looking for the most convenient springboard for jumping into the water. And here he is in the water.
Once in the water, the little pipa immediately begins to confidently swim and
dive. Mamapipa lies on the water without the slightest sign of life, without interfering, but
and not helping their offspring. Probably all she could do for them
already done.
skin drinker
Tree frog is a small, up to 4 centimeters, emerald green frog.
Grasping thin twigs with its paws, it holds firmly thanks to suction cups on
fingertips. Like a chameleon, this frog can change color
body. This frog does not drink water with its mouth. It absorbs it all over the skin.
And for this, rain or morning dew is enough.
Violinists and toads
Before the concert, the musicians stroked the toad. It turns out that the hands will not sweat.
Modern scientists have found scientific confirmation of this. Many types of toads
secrete alkaloid substances that dry human skin
Paradoxical toad paradox
The paradoxical water toad gets its name from the fact that it
the tadpole, developing, does not turn from small to large, but vice versa.
Development begins with a very large tadpole. In length - 15 cm, and in girth
This fry is about the size of a large chicken egg. Any animal enlarged to
of fantastic proportions, would produce on a person a stunning
impression. This is exactly what happens in the case of the baby of the paradoxical
water toad. As if embarrassed by his gigantism, the tadpole does everything
smaller and smaller and eventually turns into a medium-sized toad.
Can a frog kill a jaguar?
Frogs live in the tropical forests of South America, whose body length
reaches only 23 cm. These are dart frogs and leaf climbers. Their skin is rich
poisonous glands. One drop is enough to get into the wound of a jaguar, tapir
or another large animal, and he dies of paralysis.
the turtle grabs it. Earlier, with the help of turtles, corpses were found in the lakes.
people: suicides, victims of murders or accidents. When the turtle
stopped, which meant that she had found the body and was going to eat it.
Do turtles have long necks?
The snake-necked turtle owes its name to its extremely long neck,
which, when stretched out together with the head, can sometimes be longer,
than a shell. The snake-necked turtle hides its head in case of danger,
folding it on the side under the shell. This is a predator. Her sharp jaws combined with
movable neck - a wonderful hunting weapon. Big sacrifice fast
with a movement of the head captures it in the mouth, and then kills it with a blow from the front
crushes prey with paws and claws. Defend themselves from enemies by throwing out a jet
pungent liquid.
Who has a long tail and a big head?
Green iguanas are found in large numbers in tropical forests.
America. They hide among the branches of trees growing near water sources.
She makes a strange impression. Her throat pouch and crest of thorns
intimidating effect on others. Sensing danger, the iguana straightens
spikes on its back and tries to scare the enemy. If she is in despair
position, she goes on the offensive, using sharp teeth and claws,
striking with a strong muscular tail. Great danger for the young
iguanas represent birds of prey and other lizard species that prey on
often become young individuals. The green iguana, like other reptiles, if
wants to raise the temperature of the body, is forced to take sunbaths.
What snake overcomes even a jaguar?
Anaconda is the heaviest snake. The mass of a six-meter anaconda exceeds
the mass of a python, whose length is 10 meters. Anaconda is able to defeat a jaguar.
It is said that a snake more than 8 meters long kills a two-meter caiman -
South American alligator. But, despite the size, loses the fight
with the most dangerous enemy - man. Having swallowed a large animal, she
can go without food for a long time.
Who is surukuku?
Bushmaster, or as he is also called surukuku, is the largest representative
poisonous snakes in the Americas. Only 25 cases were recorded,
when a bushmaster bit a man. Five of them were fatal. When the snake
pinpoints the location of the victim, it bends the front of the body
in the shape of the letter S and attacks prey with lightning speed. This is the only
an oviparous snake in the pit-headed family, the rest are viviparous. Female
wraps around the masonry and waits for the hatching of the cubs. Just now
hatched bushmasters immediately go hunting.
What is the use of a frog?
Common frog (Rana temporaria) eats an average of 6 harmful per day
invertebrates. With a population of 100 frogs per 1 ha. they destroy in
during the summer activity of more than 11 thousand pests.
Do frogs and toads have "language barriers"?
About 100 species of frogs and 12 species of toads live in India. But they are separated
"language barriers". Indian scientists came to this conclusion. They wrote down
the voices of the males on tape and, having reproduced these recordings in absolute darkness,
found that the female responds only to the voice of representatives of the same species.
Hearing "unfamiliar speech", the amphibians immediately hid.
What do a frog and a bull have in common?
It is the largest of the frogs in eastern North America. Body mass
reaches 500600 g. Has excellent appetite. In the terrarium of the zoo
Pretoria (South Africa) African bullfrog swallowed 16 in one sitting
little cobras. The length of the hind legs of the bullfrog is 25 cm. Thanks to the powerful
hind limbs, she jumps a long distance. The power of her voice is very
great. The bull frog owes its name to the loud sounds it makes.
which are similar to the lowing of a bull.
How do ciliates find food?
The shoe finds food by smell.
The way the shoe moves?
The shoe floats with its blunt end forward, rotating its body around the longitudinal
axes. This way of movement is explained by the fact that her cilia are located
along the body in oblique rows. For 1 sec. she swims a distance equal to
four lengths of your own body. When moving, it consumes only 1/1000 part
the energy released in her body when she breathes.
Is it possible to get fish oil from ciliates?
German biotechnologists have learned how to get fish oil from ciliates,
growing them in special reactors on a solution of sugar and pomace from
corn.
Are there gigantic octopuses?
The giant octopus is also called Doflein's octopus. Octopus
the record holder of this species weighed 270 kg and had an arm span of about 9.6 m. He
common in coastal zone, rarely descending deeper than 100,300 meters.
It leads a nocturnal lifestyle, and during the day it usually hides in all sorts of places.
shelters. The blood in the body of an octopus is pumped by three not very hardy hearts,
therefore, the cephalopod quickly gets tired and does not withstand a long struggle.
Who is hiding behind the ink cloud?
An octopus chased by a moray eel throws an ink cloud into the water. He also
releases a liquid that paralyzes the pursuer's sense of smell. First ink
made from octopus ink. He is teachable. were held
experiments during which he recognized shapes and objects by touch. If he
loses one of the tentacles, then a new one grows in its place.
Who has 700 legs?
Millipedes live up to their name - some species have about 700 legs.
Some bipedals secrete a poisonous secret, which, getting on
skin, can cause painful swelling, and in case of contact with the eyes, even
blindness. The consequences of meeting with them are dangerous for the chickens that eat them.
Bipods come in a variety of sizes. Some tropical species
reach 30 cm in length.
Questions on the topic "Pisces"
Endemic of Baikal
This is golomyanka. She, like the omul, is endemic to Baikal. Besides,
golomyanka refers to viviparous fish. But that's not all. wonderful
this little inhabitant of the great lake in that she is the fattest
representative of the Baikal fauna and consists of 30 percent fat.
Therefore, the meat of this fish is pale pink, translucent. Fat has
healing properties.
The shark has a broken tooth. So what?
The shark has no problems with teeth, although it breaks them from time to time.
A new one grows in place of the broken tooth. This happens six times during
life. Very convenient, isn't it?
Promiscuity in food
If the shark has not eaten anything for a long time, and its "bag" is empty, it shows an amazing
promiscuity, swallowing everything that gets in its way. Among the swallowed
often there are inedible things: bottles, rubber boots. One day
Navy sailors threw a delayed-action depth charge into the sea. She has
there was a clockwork and the bomb was supposed to explode in 3 minutes. Exactly
TV this time a hungry shark swam by. She swallowed the abandoned
bomb and immediately went into the depths. Exactly 3 minutes later
deafening explosion. The bomb exploded not far from the ship. Luckily
sailors, the bomb-eater went to great depths, and the ship did not
not injured. And the shark paid with his life for his promiscuity in food.
Who has quadrangular eggs?
Whale shark eggs have an unusual shape - they are not round, but
quadrangular. At the same time, they are unusually large. The length of each is 63
cm, and the width is 40 cm. Each has long and very strong
ponytails. They attach sharks at the bottom of the sea to algae, stones,
corals. Mosque shark from 10 to 20 giant eggs. "Tied" them to the stones,
algae or corals, she swims away without worrying about her fate
their children. There comes a time when the eggs turn into small ones.
shark By this time, they are already good swimmers, and their mouths are full of small
sharp teeth. So they can get their own food and
to defend against enemies.
"Bulldog" fish
It is not for nothing that piranha has earned itself a loud and at the same time unkind fame. She is one
of the most dangerous freshwater fish. Piranha flat, fleshy, covered
silver scales. Her lower jaw protrudes noticeably forward, which is why in
she looks like a bulldog in profile. The jaws of piranhas are armed with the most
terrible teeth: they are triangular in shape and set in such a way that
that when closed, the mouths adjoin each other, like the teeth of a gear. One day
the corpse of a capybara - the largest rodent that reaches the size of a large
dogs, thrown into the river where the piranhas lived. 55 seconds from
of a forty-five-kilogram animal were left with cleanly eaten bones.
When we carefully examined the skeleton, it turned out. That, ripping off the meat, predatory
The fish were biting through the ribs.
jumping fish
In the waters surrounding the Galapagos Islands, a fish lives, which is called
Galapagos Dialoma. From time to time, when the sea tide reveals
underwater rock labyrinths in which the Galapagos
dialogue, she gets out of the water and starts ... jumping. But the ability to jump -
not the only hunting device. Nature rewarded this fish
the ability to change color. But that's not all. She has the gift
double vision. A septum passes through the pupil, which allows
see both in the water and in the air. Wise Nature, as always, has foreseen everything.
"Blind" fish
This fish lives in the underground reservoirs of Mexico. This fish is called blind
because her eyes are closed by a skin growth, which means that she does not
what conditions can not see anything. The fish do well on their own
with her own devices, which the Wise One provided for her
Nature. She has a very well developed sense of touch and smell. In addition, she is very
the lateral line helps, especially that part of it that is located on the head.
Sea Horse
Seahorses are a genus of fish in the needle family. Their length ranges from 4
up to 20 cm. These unusual fish live in thickets of seaweed. Externally
The seahorse bears little resemblance to fish in its traditional form. He is more like
what a fabulous creature. A cute fish moves with the help
its only dorsal fin. Nature probably thought that
such a nimble fish as a seahorse will do just fine with this one
fin paddle. And he uses a spiral tail in order to,
like clinging to algae.
curious fish
Stromatheus fish swims off the coast of Indonesia - a creature of the highest degree
curious. This quality of hers is taken advantage of by the Indonesian
fishermen. Everything happens approximately as follows. Bamboo is taken
pole. One end of it sinks into the sea, at the other end it strengthens
crossbar. One of the fishermen stands, leaning his chest on
crossbar, as slowly and monotonously as possible begins to pronounce
chant: "Oh!" Stromatheus, overcome by curiosity, swim up to
boat. Sometimes they lose control of themselves so much that they jump out of
water, jumping up to the faces of the fishermen. And that's all fishermen need.
lanterneye
This fish was called a lantern-eye for unusual eyes, or rather, special
lanterns below them. These are white spots that are capable of
emit light. According to scientists, the culprits of the glow are
symbiont bacteria found in tubular glands. When the fish is not
needs additional lighting, she uses a special leatherette
curtain. Turning on autonomous lighting, the flashlight thereby attracts to
own prey.
electric eel
The electric eel is a resident of the tropical rivers of South America. Like all
eels, electric is more like a snake than a fish. His body length
is about 3 meters. For a person, a shock generated by electrical
eel organs is also dangerous, although not to the same extent as for frogs and fish.
Local residents are happy to eat eel meat. But for that
to catch this fish and not get hurt, they go to a variety of
tricks. One of them is as follows. In the river where eels live, they drive
herd of cows. The fish attack them and use up their entire supply of electricity. After
this makes them safe for a long time. The fishermen lead the cows out of the water and
go straight to fishing. Catch eels with spears.
Tilapia and old shoes
Tilapia is a commercial fish of the rivers and lakes of Africa. She takes care of herself
offspring by incubating eggs and fry in the mouth. Toddlers leave from time to time
his "children's room" to graze and frolic in the wild, but with
the slightest danger swim with all their might to a safe haven. Tilapia
unpretentious in food. She includes more or less everything in her diet.
digestible: algae, feed and even carrion. The omnivorousness of the fish was
reason for the birth of one African proverb: "If you have
old shoes, don't throw them away, but feed them to the tilapias."
Penetrating the bottom
Rybamech got its warlike name not by chance. upper jaw
very strongly elongated, resembling edged weapons. This unusual branch
so strong that it can pierce the bottom of a wooden ship. Rybamech -
predator. It feeds on smaller fish than itself. She herself reaches
4 meters or more in length. The length of the sword is 1 meter. Weight too
impressive - 500 kilograms. Nature armed this conqueror
sea spaces not only with a sword, but also with the ability to move quickly.
The speed at which she swims reaches 80,100 kilometers per hour.
flounder eyes
Eyes like eyes, nothing special. It's just that both eyes are on one
side of the body - on the top. So it is more convenient for the fish that lies at the bottom. But
the most amazing thing is that flounder is born with a normal arrangement
organs of vision. But as the flounder larva grows, it becomes more and more
more asymmetrical. The larva does not lie at the bottom, but floats with the flow. Wherein
one side of the body develops much stronger, the eye "moves" to the other
side, the body becomes flat. And as soon as the larva is finally
turns into a fish, it stops traveling and lies down on the bottom of the sea.
* * *
Who is the caviar champion?
During the spawning period, the female bream scatters up to
350 thousand eggs, a female Atlantic cod spawns about 7
9 million, and the moonfish living in the ocean - up to 300 million eggs.
Does caviar "grow" on trees?
It is known that caviar does not grow on trees, but Alaskans collect caviar
herring from tree branches. Caviar pickers are lowered into the water before spawning
branches, and after spawning they take them out. The herring lays eggs, attaching them to
flooded branches.
A fish that eats its own clothes?
The parrot fish secretes mucus before going to bed, covering its body like a shell,
resembling a bubble in shape, and, waking up, eats his robe.
It is believed that it does not let the smell through, so during sleep, the fish
protected from predators. Make loud noises while eating
reminiscent of the sounds of a scraper.
What kind of fish rests in the "cucumber"?
This fish takes refuge in the body of a sea cucumber. Cucumber tries not to
let the pearl fish inside him, but he has to open
breathing hole through which it slips. She is resting in
cucumber, and sometimes eats it from the inside.
What kind of fish can be used to make files?
The inhabitants of some Pacific islands make files from the skin of sharks,
with which you can polish wood and even marble.
Can fish survive in hot water?
Not only to survive, but to live. The California lukaniy fish lives in hot
springs where the water temperature is +52ºС.
Why do caught sea bass have bulging eyes?
In deep-seated fish caught, the internal pressure is higher than the external one,
therefore the inner contents of the eyes are pushed out.
How many years does a pike live?
200300 years.
What is made from a catfish swim bladder?
The European catfish is a rather lazy fish. Unless absolutely necessary, he
makes extra moves. This causes the fish to grow rapidly.
The largest individuals live in the Amazon and European rivers.
A fish 5 meters long and weighing 306 kg was caught in the Dnieper. And from
The swim bladders of catfish are made into glue.
Who builds a foam nest?
The male fighting fish surprises with unexpected contrasts of behavior.
He fiercely attacks the opponent who dared to approach, and the female during
mating dance gently embraces with fins. He takes care of the eggs, while
while the female is not at all interested in the fate of the offspring. fertilized,
eggs glued together sink to the bottom, but the male catches them with his mouth and
takes it to the foamy nest, placing it between the bubbles.
Overcoming dams.
The noble salmon spends most of its life in the sea. He
preys on small fish living in the cold northern waters of the Atlantic.
Adults return to rivers to spawn. Unlike others
representatives of the family, not all individuals die after spawning. On the way to
spawning salmon do not feed. However, they can be caught with a bait, as
fish retained the hunting instinct.
Who are the Howlios?
Howliodas are mysterious luminous creatures with wide mouths and long
stomachs. They are often called viper fish, or fish echidna. Despite
for small body sizes, these are ferocious and bloodthirsty predators. They are searching
prey with the help of magnificent eyesight. It is believed that large
silver edging eyes in muddy water see 30 times better than the eyes
person. All the luminous organs of the Howlioda are specialized glands. On the
body has more than 1500 complex photophores. Organs of luminescence extraordinarily
efficient - they process 98% of the energy into light, while
an electric light bulb converts 4% of the electricity into light, and the rest of it
part is released as heat. If you touch a fish, then its whole body will begin
sparkle with wonderful pulsating light.
Can fish fly?
Flying fish live in the tropical seas of the oceans. They are
desirable prey for many predatory fish, such as tuna and sharks, as well as
sea birds. The tail of a fish preparing to take off makes about 50 strokes per
give me a sec. Recorded flight range record: 42 seconds fish
covered a distance of 600 meters. Pectoral fins - flying fish wings
are located above the center of gravity and make up 70-80% of the entire body length
fish. Flying fish are found on ship decks located at a height
10 meters from the surface of the water - they are carried there by a tailwind. Usually they are not
rise above the water by more than a few tens of centimeters.
Mangrove loner.
Seeing a mudskipper, 1525 cm in size, you might think that this is
looked like the first fish that, millions of years ago, ventured out of
water to dry land. These fish live in mangrove forests in the tidal zone. jumpers dig
burrows up to 50 cm deep. They take more silt into their mouths and take out
it out, spitting it out not far from the entrance to its shelter. Lead single
lifestyle, quick straightening of the tail provides the fish with a jump into the air
up to 60 cm.
A wonder of the marine fauna.
This friendly fish swims upright and reminds
chess piece. There are 35 different types of seahorses, ranging from
small - 2.5 cm to the Malay seahorse 25 cm in size. Horse, very
bony, so it is hunted only by a large land crab, which
can digest it. They constantly eat, feeding on small fish or
plankton. Prey that's within reach, they
sucked into the mouth with the help of their tubular snout, even from a distance of up to 3 cm.
The male takes care of the offspring.
Who is called the "White Death"?
Carcharodon, which is called the "white death", lives in all warm seas.
Most often, it is this shark that attacks a person and “attacks” even boats with
people. Compress the victim with a pressure force of several tons per square
centimeter. The shark does not have a swim bladder, therefore, to provide for itself
oxygen, it constantly swims at an average speed of 3.5 km / h. Big
spend some time alone. The white shark is a viviparous fish. In year
the female gives birth to one, less often - two, cubs.
Questions on the topic "Birds"
symbol of fidelity
People have composed many songs and legends about swan fidelity. It's beautiful
majestic birds and are really very attached to each other. matrimonial
pairs of swans persist, if not for a lifetime, then for a very long time
time. There are cases when, after the death of one of the swans, the second
rose into the air, folded its wings and fell to the ground like a stone, breaking
to death.
Palamedea - master of caution
Palamedea is a recognized master of disguise: you can walk past dozens of times
her nest and not notice him. What does she look like? These are large, the size of
turkey, broad-winged birds with ash-gray plumage. They have a very
representative. Circling in the sky in a friendly company, consisting of approximately
dozens of birds, palamedeas announce the surroundings with voiced intermittent
flute-like melodic sounds.
little owl
The little owl is a splyushka. Her melodic whistle is very reminiscent of the word
"sleep". This is a funny bird. If you pass by in the afternoon and pretend that
did not notice her, she will first stretch out to attention and freeze, sitting on a bough near
trunk, and then, when you begin to move away from it, it will begin to bow,
as if to thank you for not bothering her.
The largest of the owls
The largest of the owls are eagle owls. The body length of some species reaches 70 and
even 80 centimeters. This is a beautiful, proud and strong bird, well
adapted for hunting rodents - field and forest mice. But the owl is not
also refuses to supplement its diet with small birds, and sometimes
attacks black grouse, capercaillie, hares. The predator breaks its prey into
parts and swallows everything indiscriminately - meat, bones, feathers. In the stomach, like everyone else
owls, not everything swallowed is digested. Bones, feathers and wool remain
undigested. Their predator periodically burps in the form of oblong
or round lumps. These garbage are called riddles.
Peaceful life symbol
The stork is a very trusting bird. She usually does not avoid a person, but, on the contrary,
looking for a neighborhood with him. Storks often make their nests on the roofs of houses, sheds
or on tall trees growing near human habitation. it
a large white bird with a black border on the wings. People whose houses they choose
storks are waiting for their arrival and joyfully meet white birds. The people say that
in the house that the stork has chosen, happiness must surely settle. Stork -
this is one of the symbols of peaceful life. It's hard to imagine this bird on
the roof of a bombed-out house.
Who throws the chicks out of the nests?
Storks are unusually caring parents. They never leave their
newly hatched chicks unattended and ready to protect them from any
enemies, using its strong beak. Only when the chicks grow up, on
"Hunting" both parents fly out and from morning to evening provide food for their
children. But when the drought comes, the storks do to their
children, it would seem, a cruel and inexplicable act: they throw out
nests of chicks, leaving only one or two of the healthiest and largest. This
cruelty has a simple explanation: during a drought, there is a problem with
feed. In order to save the family, storks are forced to sacrifice their children.
Tiger-like relative of the stork
A bird with an unusual, catchy appearance. This is a tiger bittern. Main asset
tiger bittern - its plumage. On a light green base go of wonderful beauty
orange and black spots and stripes that make the bird's plumage look like
tiger skin. This relative of our stork lives in South America.
The most romantic creature
A bird that is amazing in many ways lives in South Asia. It's hanging
parrot. He sleeps hanging upside down on a branch, and often clings to a branch.
with one paw. Loriculus, slightly larger than a titmouse. In captivity
dies quickly, cannot stand imprisonment. Lori can be safely attributed to the most
romantic creatures in the world. Caring for each other, male and female do not
caress with their beaks, as is customary among parrots, and give each other flowers or
pieces of fruit.
A symbol of peace
The dove is perceived by people from different countries as a symbol of peace. Among the birds
considered the first to be tamed by man. The ancient Persians used
pigeons as a postman. Ancient Egyptian sailors setting off
on long journeys, they took them with them to communicate with the earth. opening
Olympics, the ancient Greeks used pigeons as an attribute. In the military
these times brought news of victories won.
The bird that is no more
Despite their kinship with pigeons, the dodo, unlike them, was
very large (about 20 kilograms). They are large wingless birds
Unfortunately, they did not know how to run fast and became easy prey for people. themselves
people didn't eat meat because it was too tough. But him with
pets were happy to eat. Their worst enemy
became pigs. The last birds became extinct in the 18th century.
Not frozen birds
Most penguins live in Antarctica. And it's unusually cold there. How
Do these birds manage to stay warm? What saves them from the cold? Turns out,
dense plumage and a thick subcutaneous layer of fat. But the birds stand for a long time
snow with completely bare feet and do not catch a cold. Turns out,
penguins stand on their heels and raise their toes. For a hold
balance they use their short tail. Because he is tough,
it is quite possible to rely on it. And the soles of the feet of penguins are also adapted
to the harsh climate: they are very thick.
Dancing antigone
The mating dance of the cranes antigonus attracts with its singularity and
gracefulness. One of the cranes in love "takes a twig or a bundle with its beak
grass and, raising its wings, importantly stepping with long thin legs, spinning,
jumps, jumps, throws a twig up. Second, carefully
observes the action taking place and nods every now and then. Probably so
thus, she approves of her partner's dance.
building islands
The horned coot on the water creates land - builds islands. Now in succession, then
at the same time, the male and female dive to the bottom of the lake, take large pebbles with their beak,
and then swim with it to shallow water. Here, 2030 meters from the shore, birds
put stones in a pile. Hard work continues for several days. AT
as a result of their stubborn efforts, an island appears from the water. Height of it
reaches 1 metre. And the length of the base at the bottom of the lake is about 4 meters. To
to take out this artificial island, you need a one and a half ton truck.
I can't even believe that two birds did it. Building a stone island
birds build a reliable foundation for the future nest. dwelling,
built on an island, out of reach of predators.
What does a banana eater eat?
Giant banana-eaters are one of the most beautiful African birds.
tropical forests. Their bodies are covered with shiny green feathers, their heads
decorated with curved crests. When banana-eaters unfurl their tails. That
it seems that richly colored fans brought from the countries of
East. These birds are striking in their manners. Like squirrels, turaco
jump from branch to branch and run through the trees. All this they do
surprisingly fast, agile and easy. They are so energetic. What stop
just for a short time to have a bite to eat. But this is what they do
in a hurry. Yes, so what do they eat? Not bananas? Oddly enough, no. To
bananas, these birds do not feed weakness. This is the case when the name is not
corresponds to reality. They feed on turaco fruits and berries of others.
plants.
ill-mannered birds
A rhinoceros can fly on one condition: if it is a bird. In the rainforests
Africa and South Asia lives hornbill. Relatives of these birds
are hoopoes and kingfishers. The first thing that catches your eye is their huge beaks.
and big combs. These rainforest dwellers are no good
manners. They scream, sob hysterically, constantly nod their heads, widely
open their huge beaks! Even they fly somehow indecently. In flight
their wings produce very loud, staccato sounds that can be heard from a distance
not less than a kilometer. In addition, these ill-mannered birds are constantly
impose their society on the monkeys: wherever the herd is, sooner or
later, hornbills join him.
What is the difference between chicken protein and rattlesnake venom?
Oddly enough, but the composition of the chemical elements of chicken egg white and poison
rattlesnake is the same. Scientists have come to this conclusion. Then there is
question: “Why do people stay alive and healthy after eating chicken
eggs, and from the bite of a rattlesnake they become seriously ill and even die? Turns out,
the same substances that make up egg white and snake venom, because
so different in their effect on the human body that the atoms in their
molecules are differently arranged and interconnected.
Darter or Anhinga
The darter is an inhabitant of the tropics. She lives in fresh water. Length
the body of this bird reaches 90 cm. Its plumage is painted in dark brown
a color that appears black from afar. The bird has a small head and is quite
long neck, curved in the shape of the letter S. The bird often dives into the water, appearing in
the most unexpected places. At the same time, only curved
necks and small heads. It looks like snakes are swimming. That's why the bird got
its name. But it is also called - anhinga.
Bird with a tricolor beak
The body of the bird is covered with black and white plumage, resting on short legs.
But it seems unusual and even fantastic thanks to its
unusual beak. It seems that this long beak is pulling
the whole body of the bird. However, it impresses not only with its size, but also
coloring and shape. The huge beak is painted in yellow, black and red
colors. The shape of the beak is striking: its lower part is much longer than the upper one.
The bird flies with its beak open above the water itself and, literally
words rip open the surface of the water, cut it. Hence the name of the unusual
birds are a water cutter. Dipping the lower part of the beak into the water, the bird scoops up
fish fry and other living creatures that make up its diet.
Legs or wings?
Like the ostrich, the rhea cannot fly, but it runs very well. From here
it follows that the legs for the nandu are much more important than the wings. While running, the legs
nandu move with such speed that for those watching from the side they
merge into blurry spots. You can only tell them apart when
when they touch the ground and the bird makes a push forward. When the rhea runs along
solid ground, the blows of his feet are clearly audible. While running, the bird's neck
elongated almost in a straight line, and the wings are slightly set aside and
omitted.
A cheerful disposition with a sad name
This is a widow bird living in Africa. She is the size of a canary, but it seems
more because of its tail, which is several times longer than the body. Outfit of the female
consists of a dull rusty brown plumage. And she has the tail
ordinary. These cheerful birds lead a very active lifestyle.
They named her because of the presence in the dress of black and a long tail.
birddesigner
A very unusual bird lives in Australia - the bowerbird. Its name is
because she builds her dwelling in the form of a hut. Before entering the house
arranges a flat area, decorating with flowers, leaves, shells. Having built
a hut, a bird is taken to decorate its own home. For this she
paints the walls of the house. He prepares the paint on his own, for which the most
carefully chews blue berries. After that, it takes
brush making. The material is the bast fibers of some trees.
By the way, eyewitnesses claim that the brushes made by the bower
are a miniature paintbrush. Armed with paint and
with a brush, the bird begins to create beauty: at first, holding the brush in its beak,
dips it in paint and paints the walls of his house, and then decorates it with flowers.
Of all the colors, he prefers blue. After a while the owner changes
home decoration, rearranging everything anew and adding new elements.
As for the flowers, their bowerer changes every day, carrying away the withered and
bringing fresh.
Singer of world renown
This small bird with a very modest appearance, people devoted a lot
musical and poetic works. About her unsurpassed art
a lot has been written. The concert season does not last long, only one and a half
two months a year. Bringing out its wonderful trills, the nightingale informs the neighbors about
that the plot is busy and attracting the attention of a girlfriend. This singer lives
world famous everywhere, except for the desert zone and the Far North. hibernates
nightingale in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
bald magpie
This is the rarest bird. It lives in Africa, Guinea and Cameroon. Local
tribes is considered sacred. Very beautiful plumage: back and pretty
the long tail seems to be covered with dark gray powder, and the yellow breast
has a soft creamy sheen. Along the edges of the wings there is a black border, making
the outfit of the bird is even more refined. The bald head looks amazing: the back of the head
painted in hot pink, temples and cheeks - in black, and the crown and forehead - in
sky blue. It seems that the head of this bird is decorated with rare beauty.
crown. The voice is the harsh yelping of a Chinese pug, only much more plaintively.
Moves with huge, very strange jumps, not similar to those of a bird.
Chubby jay
Chubat jay is a resident of America. What impresses most about her is her hair.
Short black fluffy feathers stick out on the forehead, looking at which you can
to think that the bird has just been specially trimmed with a “hedgehog”. Bird
a big fan of chatting with her girlfriends. Bird talk is very
emotional. They consist of yapping, clucking, coughing, shrill
screams, ringing trills, wheezes and hoarse hisses - of all the sounds that
can be heard nearby. It looks like these talkers are trading with each other.
other impressions from what he heard. Two loose jays
may well replace two or even three dozen birds.
* * *
Why do storks and cranes fly like a wedge?
With such a flight, each bird seems to support the other, and this helps
significantly save power and increase the flight range. At the tip of the wing
birds create an updraft of air. The bird flying behind, strive
take a position to make the most of this flow.
Why is the cuckoo considered an invaluable friend of the forest?
It exterminates the voracious caterpillars of the pine silkworm and butterflies
nuns eating pine and spruce needles. These covered with brittle poisonous
hairs of caterpillars do not touch other birds.
Can storks sleep on long flights?
Yes. Their "beds" are in the middle of the triangle. When the bird
closes her eyes, her hearing instinctively sharpens. She is front and back
hears sounds that determine the direction and height of the flight of the flock. To
What bird is popularly called a thief?
Magpie.
Why is a nutcracker called a nutcracker?
She eats pine nuts and stocks them, which contributes to
distribution of cedars.
How many grams of eiderdown goes on a polar explorer's jacket?
50 grams.
Why don't birds suffocate in flight?
They have double breathing involving lung sacs.
Why does a goose come out dry from the water?
The feathers of the bird are smeared with oil from the coccygeal gland.
What is the largest bird in the world?
African ostrich.
Why is the penguin's tongue covered in spines?
To keep the fish.
What bird in the sky "bleats like a lamb"?
Kulik snipe.
Which birds pair up for life?
Cranes, geese, jackdaws.
Why is the capercaillie so called?
During the talk, he hears nothing.
Why does a nuthatch crawl?
By wood.
How many times heavier is an ostrich egg than a chicken egg: 10, 35, 100?
35 times.
Why do birds swallow stones?
Grind solid food in the stomach.
Which country does the titmouse fly to for the winter?
She doesn't fly away.
What feeds the chicks of the fieldfare thrush?
Insects.
What is the smallest bird in our forests?
Kinglet, he weighs 67 g.
Which bird was declared "unclean" by the church in the Middle Ages?
Some nations exalted the owl, others cursed it. In China, it was considered
a symbol of well-being, the Polynesians - a nightly evil god, among the ancient Greeks -
the personification of wisdom.
Which bird according to legend is canonized as a saint?
The legend says. When Christ was on the cross, the crosses flew in and pulled out
beak nails. For this, God granted them crossed beaks and ranked
to the saints. Indeed, dead birds do not decompose and, while preserving
the beauty of plumage, can lie for many years.
What is the name of the largest flying bird?
Some bustards, especially large males, can weigh 16 and even 18 kg.
The bustard takes off with a run, heavily raising and lowering huge wings, but,
rising into the air, it flies easily and quickly, making uniform and deep
wave.
What is the name of the largest waterfowl?
Emperor penguin inhabiting the coast of Antarctica up to 78 S. The growth of this
a beautiful bird sometimes reaches 122 cm, the wingspan - pectoral fins -
1.3 m., and weight - 45 kg. Emperor penguins hold the record for
diving depth. They are able to dive for prey to a depth of 265 m.
What is the name of the largest bird of prey?
The condor is a scavenger that lives in the Andes. The mass of his body reaches 12 kg., And the scope
wings - 2.8 m. the life expectancy of the condor is one of the largest.
One individual of this species lived in captivity for 72 years.
Which bird has the fastest flight?
The fastest flight of the spiny-tailed swift is up to 170 km/h. Swifts in general
they spend almost all their lives in the air, on the fly they not only feed, but even
are sleeping. During sleep, birds rise to high altitudes and slow down
up to 3040 km / h.
What is the future of the bird population of the planet in connection with
growing anthropogenic impact?
At least 10% of the birds will become extinct. Some views, the most beautiful and not
able to put up with the presence of a person will perish, others, less
attractive, prevail.
What is the name of one of the most intelligent birds?
The crow is able to distinguish people at a distance. She distinguishes a man with a gun
from a man with a stick. Gradually, she stopped being afraid of people in the cities.
It is interesting that, having obtained a stale crust of bread, she flies with it to the nearest
puddle and soak it.
Is a raven different from a crow?
Raven and crow are different birds. The crow is gray and black. Raven is not
"husband" of a crow, neither gray nor black. Both female and male crows are distinguished
significant size, black plumage with a bluish metallic sheen,
powerful beak and wedge-shaped tail. The voice of a raven is a loud guttural
croaking - more like the phrase "crookcrook" than a crow
"karkar".
What bird does a person recognize first in his life? In which
hooligans are aiming a bird from a slingshot?
There is no other bird that would follow people so relentlessly: where are the people,
there she is. People left, people left, moved to new places, and almost immediately
sparrows move to a new location. Man for a long time
illegally considered these birds harmful and tried to destroy any
ways, taking revenge for the pecked grain, for the raids on the millet fields.
What is the difference between a house sparrow and a field sparrow?
The male house sparrow has a gray top of its head, and the plumage of the female is more or less
plain; in a field sparrow, both in a male and in a female, a "cap"
brown, and on light cheeks a dark spot is clearly visible at a distance. And
one more difference: the male house sparrow has one
transverse white stripe, and the male field sparrow has such light stripes on
There are already two wings.
What is the name of the bird that makes oak trees grow among
birch and spruce forest, away from fruit-bearing oaks?
Jay has fantastic imitative abilities. She is subject to
not only all the sounds of wildlife, but also an endless variety
mechanical. Sometimes you can be a witness to the collective singing of birds.
Singing stops with the appearance of a nest. In our forests, it is also the main
oak spreader.
What bird likes to feast on apples, berries
juniper, rowan?
You will immediately distinguish this bird from all our other wintering birds. waxwing
dressed in an elegant pink-gray fluffy fur coat with black wide stripes
wings. Notice the bright yellow stripe at the end of the tail. Helps you get to know her.
and a tall crest. When the crest is raised, the bird looks very solemn.
What bird is called the "child of fast water"?
She feels herself on the river in her native element. Dipper can swim, dive,
busily run ... along the bottom! Here at the bottom, she is looking for food - aquatic
insects. Her behavior does not change even in winter: she will find a wormwood, unfrozen
rapids - and directly from the edge of the ice jump into the water, stay there for some time,
and, as if nothing had happened, the cork will pop out, holding a caddisfly in its beak. BUT
in between dives he will play a pure silver trill.
Which bird has the longest tongue?
At the woodpecker.
Which bird can fly tail first?
Hummingbird.
What our songbird skillfully imitates the voices of many
birds?
Starling.
What bird is called the "water bull"?
Bittern.
Which bird digs nest holes?
Shore swallow.
What small forest bird is capable of with its beak
crack a nut?
Nuthatch.
Which bird hisses like a snake?
Vertisheyka will be able to protect her offspring in case of danger. She is
stretches its neck and hisses like a snake, so that anyone who wants to get to know her
closer, all hunting disappears.
What is the role of crows in cities?
Ravens act as orderlies, as they feed on garbage and corpses.
animals.
Record holder for laying the largest eggs?
Kiwi. This original flightless bird that lives in New
Zealand, an egg makes up 25% of its weight, and weighs 450 g.
Do birds have intelligence?
British scientists have observed birds living in captivity. That's what
they found out. When access to food requires some action, then from the whole
flocks do it 12 birds, the rest enjoy the fruits of "activity"
smart leaders. The picture changes if the birds of the same flock are placed
on individual cells. In this case, each bird begins to open itself
feeder, using previously gained experience. Is this a sign
feathered intelligence? So far, there is no answer to this question.
How many feathers do birds have?
The number of feathers in a bird depends, as you know, on its size. So do the hummingbirds
950 feathers, a swan has 25,000, and a king penguin has 30,000. Very high
in penguins, the “density” of the feather is 46 per centimeter of the body.
Can eggs be green?
To the surprise of the inhabitants of the French village of Plan de la Tour - their chickens began to carry
eggs with green yolks. But the shell and protein of a normal color - white.
An explanation for this phenomenon was soon found. The point is that in the vicinity
In the village, grasshoppers multiplied unprecedentedly, which became a delicious food for chickens.
And in the body of grasshoppers there is a large amount of green pigment.
Record holder for the frequency of drum sounds?
Record holder among 214 species of woodpeckers known in the world in terms of the frequency of drumming
sounds made by blows of the beak into the trunk of a tree, one of the Californian
woodpeckers. The bird hits the tree with a frequency of up to 28 beats per second, its fraction
it looks more like a gunshot.
Which bird of prey is an excellent angler?
Osprey. It catches fish by falling on it from a height and grabbing it with its paws. The paws of the osprey have
peculiar structure: on the fingertips there are sharp spines that serve
to hold slippery prey. This bird nests on the tops of old
pines. From a distance, its nest resembles a mushroom. Listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Which eagle is considered the largest in our country?
Golden eagle. In nature, its prey are animals the size of a hare, but the golden eagle can
be used by humans for hunting roe deer and wolves. Listed in the Red
book of Russia.
Why does the eagle burial ground have such a name?
The burial eagle often looks out for prey, not soaring in the air, but since ancient times
mounds and tombstones. Listed in the Red Book of Russia.
What is the largest falcon in our country?
Gyrfalcon hunts, like all other falcons, diving on prey and killing it in
air. Inhabits the north of our country. Listed in the Red Book of Russia.
What is the name of the smallest eagle in Russia?
Eagle dwarf.
How does a hawk differ in behavior from other birds of prey?
The hawk has wide wings and a long tail. Unlike other birds of prey
he hunts not only in open spaces, but also in dense forests, easily
weaving between trees.
Is the name "steppe eagle" connected with the steppe?
Yes, this eagle lives in the steppes and nests on the ground. different from the golden eagle and
burial ground with a lighter color. Listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Which falcons of our country are appreciated by Arab sheikhs?
One of the best hunting birds that is valued in the United Arab Emirates is the falcon.
saker falcon, where it is used for falconry. Listed in the Red Book
Russia.
Worst enemy of wasps?
The honey buzzard feeds on wasp larvae. The skin around the eyes and beak is protected from wasp stings
small feathers.
What is the most numerous bird of prey in our country?
This is a small falcon - a kestrel that nests even in human settlements.
How is a red kite different from a black kite?
They are easily distinguished by the color of their plumage. Kites differ from other predators
also by the fact that they have a triangular notch on their tail. She is clearly visible
when the kite soars.
A bird of prey with great speed?
This bird is a peregrine falcon. Recorded bird dive speed 188
km/h. The peregrine falcon is listed in the Red Book of Russia.
What bird of prey scares away crows on airfields?
They use a goshawk that is not afraid to attack even a flock
crow.
A bird shedding in the rain?
This bird is found in West Africa, resembles our pigeon, but is colored
in green, blue, yellow and bright red colors. However, it is worth it to fall under
rain as the paint comes off. Therefore, turaco during the dry season and during the
rain looks completely different.
Why can't birds fall into a deep well and fly out of it?
him?
Birds cannot fly up in a straight line.
A bird capable of unscrewing nuts?
Cockatoo parrot. A strongly curved beak replaces his hammer, pliers, screwdriver.
The bird, deftly working with its beak, can unscrew screws and nuts, tear
steel wire, punch through thick boards and even sheets of iron.
Why do many birds of prey have all chicks of different ages?
This makes it easier for parents to feed the chicks.
How long does it take to boil an ostrich egg?
The average ostrich egg is 1520 cm long and 1015 cm wide and
weight 1.65 - 1.78 kg. It takes 40 minutes to boil such an egg. Shell,
1.5 m thick, can withstand a person weighing 127 kg.
Questions on the topic "Insects"
Protector of elephants and zebras
Wild animals rarely suffer from tsetse fly bites, because in their body
developed immunity against diseases carried by these animals. But
pets do not have such protection. Many parts of Africa
are used for animal husbandry only because they are infested with tsetse flies. BUT
this means that in these places man does not invade nature, leaving in
relative peace of wild animals.
"Pregnancy" of tsetse flies
Everyone knows that flies lay many eggs, from which they then emerge.
larvae. But this has nothing to do with tsetse. She bears one
an egg in your body! This is the only egg, being in the body of the female, receives
nutrition from special glands. But this is very reminiscent of the development of the embryo in
mammalian body. After a while, a larva emerges from the egg and
continues to live in the body of the mother, passing through the next stages of development. In the end
finally, the larva takes on gigantic proportions. At this time, the fly can not even
sucking blood because there is no more room in her belly. And the fly proceeds to
"birth". With the help of the hind legs, the female is relieved of the burden. BUT
The newborn larva burrows into the soil. There, her shell hardens and
the larva turns into a pupa. After 35 days, one side of the miniature
the barrel pierces and the head of a new tsetse fly emerges from it. AT
within one month, the female is able to repeat this process 2–3 times.
Volunteer suicide bomber
Bees, like real warriors, never part with weapons. it
weapons are sting and poison. Protecting herself from the one who voluntarily or involuntarily interfered with her,
the bee uses its poisoned sword. But every bee has only
one opportunity to use it. And, as you know, every sting
the bee is sure to die. In this sense, the bee can be compared to
voluntary suicide. The notch on the end of the sting prevents it from being pulled out
from the body of a stung person or animal. That's why the bee leaves a sting
with a bag of poison in the subject of his victim, and she herself dies from mutilation.
Ants surgeons
Biologists studying the lifestyle of ants have penetrated into
many secrets of these interesting insects. Through long observation, they learned
that ants have their own specialist surgeons who take
patients in a room specially designated for this purpose. Primarily
the surgeon examines the victim. The wound is then bandaged and covered
special transparent liquid. There is no need to go for this medicine
to the pharmacy: healing liquid in ants in the mouth.
Friendship of aphids and ants
Aphids and ants maintain friendly relations with each other. This friendship
based on mutual benefit. The aphid feeds the ant with its sweet "milk", which
to which the industrious insect experiences great weakness. But the ant
does not remain indebted to his "breadwinner" and tries to repay her with kindness
for good - it protects the aphids from its natural enemies.
* * *
What is attractive bird cherry for ants?
On each leafy cutting of bird cherry there are two special glands that secrete
nectar. This sweetness attracts ants. And since the ants appeared, there will be no
descent by harmful insects.
Why do we not feel the prick of a mosquito, or rather its female?
Her saliva contains a substance that anesthetizes the wound. When
the effect of anesthesia ends, there is pain, itching, burning. Moreover, in saliva
It also contains a substance that prevents blood clotting.
How to eliminate itching from a mosquito bite?
Moisten the bitten area with ammonia or a solution of baking soda
(1/2 teaspoon per glass of water).
Why, after a person is bitten by one bee, they immediately fly
other bees and start to sting him?
The bee, stinging, at the same time sprays the human skin with a liquid, the smell
which is immediately captured by the rest of the bees of the hive and points them to
enemy. Other bees perceive this smell as a signal to attack.
Why immediately after a bee sting you need to be careful
remove sting?
Because the sting left in the body for a long time allocates everything
new and new portions of poison.
himself (or an opponent in the fight for a female) with his poison, the scorpion does not
maybe.
Who is afraid of a camel?
The poisonous spider karakurt is a terrible enemy of the camel. After his bite
he dies or becomes incapacitated.
What do butterflies smell like?
The male turnip smells like mignonette, the rutabaga smells like lemon, and the male cabbage
Gives off a faint scent of geranium.
Why is it difficult to catch a fly in flight?
The fly, like other Diptera, has complex wing movements when
strokes, which is why their flight itself becomes difficult. They can do the most
unexpected and sharp turns and jerks, including one or the other in the work
wing.
Who did the Japanese bring in to secure their homes?
At all times, people have tried to protect their homes from unwanted
guests, for example by getting a dog to warn of their arrival. Japanese
raised crickets. At night, when the owners were sleeping, the crickets constantly chirped,
and when someone approached the house, they abruptly fell silent, from this the owners
woke up.
Where is the world's largest ant colony located?
Not far from the Japanese city of Sapporo is the largest colony in the world
ants. On a strip of coastline 13 km long. and a width of about 100 m in 45 thousand
anthills live 307 million ants. Judging by the structure of their DNA, they are all
once descended from one ant queen.
Who is a moth?
Mosquito larva.
Why are horsefly bites dangerous?
With their painful bites, horseflies torment and exhaust livestock, reducing it
productivity. In addition, horseflies are carriers of germs.
many diseases: tularemia, anthrax, etc.
The most prolific animal?
The most prolific animal is the cabbage aphid. The total weight of the offspring of one
a single individual produced by it in a year can amount to 822 million tons,
which is 3 times the weight of the population of the entire globe. Fortunately, from this
units survive.
Who feeds on tears?
There are about a hundred species of butterflies in the world that feed on the tears of large
mammals. They live in the tropics. Can feed on human tears
which consist of 98% water, the rest is protein, urea, sugar, fat, salt
sodium and potassium.
Which insect has parental instinct?
Earwigs are insects with a well-developed parental instinct. They are
protect and lick their clutches and even accompany the cubs during
time for the first walk. Such behavior in the world of insects is a big
rarity. Few people know that they are beneficial insects that destroy aphids. AT
in case of danger, the earwig takes the pose of a scorpion: the abdomen
Who eats poisonous plants?
Larvae of small barbel species feed on poisonous plants, the poison of which
accumulates in their body and is used by insects in the adult stage for
protection from enemies.
The largest of the beetles in Central Europe?
The beetle is the largest of the beetles living in central Europe, it
reaches 8 cm in length. The male is much larger than the female. Beetles use their
"horns" during tournament battles. In a duel, both opponents try to raise
competitor "on the horns" and throw on the back.
Is it only the elephant that has a trunk?
The shield insects have a movable proboscis with which they pierce
integument of the body of an animal or plant and suck out blood or cell sap.
The proboscis can be located on the body of the animal and below. Many types of shields
in case of danger, they secrete a specific liquid with a sharp "buggy"
odor, which is why they are called "stink bugs".
What "cow" tastes bad?
There are many types of ladybugs. Most of them are painted
bright colors. Bright coloring warns of their inedibility. At
When attacked, the ladybug reacts by involuntary release of caustic
hemolymph, an orange, foul-smelling fluid that contains
inedible compounds and thus repels enemies such as ants and
birds.
In exchange for a leg - life.
Long-legs have unusually long and at the same time thin and weak legs. They are
serve insects not only for climbing among plants, but also are
a kind of protection - the predator grabs the leg claw, which with
comes off easily.
What properties does the web have?
A spider can make a web of different grades: dry, thick, strong - for
frame and radial threads; sticky - for trapping spirals; thin, soft,
bactericidal properties - for cocoons. The web is elastic, durable, light and
retains heat well. Some spiders produce webs 0.007 thick
mm. If such a thread encircles the globe, then it will weigh only 2 kg.
The spiral thread of the trapping net is very elastic, the stretching of the web by the moment
gap reaches 30%; for comparison: viscose 19%, nylon 22%, steel
- 8%, for glass - 3%.
How do people of different nations relate to spiders?
Among Hindus, spiders are carriers of the spirit of ancestors. In Africa, these animals are heroes
numerous legends. And in Central America there is a belief that souls
dead people can get into the realm of the dead if they cross the river on a raft
from the threads of the web. In Europe, they still believe that if you kill a spider, then
you will be lucky, there will be no money. The cross in England is called -
"Money Spider" And if you already find a spider on your clothes - rejoice: weave
you a new dress.
How can you use spiders to determine the chemical
the nature of the toxic substances?
If spiders are given small doses of strychnine, atrochin, or snake venom, then
they create a modified pattern of the web, specific to each
the substance under study.
Why does the spider-cross weave a new trapping net every time,
even if the old one is not damaged?
The spider regularly weaves a new web, primarily because the threads of the web
lose their stickiness due to partial drying.
Is it possible to get rid of the poison of a poisonous spider with
dance?
According to one of the peoples of Southern Europe, with the help of the tarantella dance
you can get rid of the poison of a poisonous spider. The dance is built on speed
movements: the poison, as the Italians believed, leaves the body with sweat.
The name of the dance is associated with the name of the poisonous spider tarantula.
What can the poison of the Chilean tarantula do?
The poison of the Chilean tarantula consists of 150 components, and one of them can
serve as a cure for a heart attack, and possibly for brain tumors.
Who jumps on prey from above?
The spider is diurnal, feeding on flies, mosquitoes, spiders,
beetles and other small insects. Instead of catching prey
web, looks out for her from an ambush and jumps on her from above. Before everyone
jump as insurance, he uses a web thread, previously
attaching it to the plant. If the spider-horse does not calculate the distance to
victims, it will simply hang on the web. Some species mimic ants.
At the same time, the similarity is expressed not only in the shape of the body, but also in the movements. So
spiders are saved from ospompiles. They have the best object vision among
spiders. They may even be able to distinguish colors. If a spider gets in the eye
dirt, he diligently cleans them with pedipalps.
Very interesting biology quiz for schoolchildren
1. This traveler made a great discovery that shocked the whole world. With the second discovery, people are still struggling all over the world. Question: What is the name of this traveler and two discoveries that the whole world knows about.
(answer: Columbus is the discoverer of a new continent, but it was with his expedition that tobacco was brought to Europe. People struggle with smoking to this day.)
2. This complex mechanism was created by nature itself. It is an unequal leverage; air resistance causes the long arm of this lever to rotate, forming a plane pressing on the air. When the air flow is reversed, this lever turns vertically, leaving a free flow of air. Question: What is the mechanism?
(answer: this mechanism is a feather in a bird's wing)
3. According to a Russian proverb, the head must be kept cold. Question: how, according to the same proverb, you need to keep your legs and stomach?
(answer: Keep your head cold, your belly hungry, and your feet warm. That's when you can make quick decisions and think soberly, move quickly, and you definitely won't get a cold if you keep your feet warm. It was this proverb that was loved by the famous commander A. Suvorov.)
4. From what is in the black box, you can get flour and cereals. To do this, the raw materials must be collected after the first frost and soaked for two days, changing the water. Then, heating to boiling, pass through a meat grinder and dry the resulting mass. Grind the dry matter. From the resulting product, you can cook porridge and bake cakes. You can make coffee. But nevertheless, although there is a lot of this product in Russia, it is practically not in demand. Q: What is in the black box?
(answer: acorns)
5. The heroes of Jules Verne's novel "Children of Captain Grant" were just about to dine on the meat of a wild llama (guanaco) they had shot, when it suddenly turned out that it was completely inedible. “Perhaps it has been lying too long?” - puzzled asked one of them. Question: What did Paganel answer them?
(answer: “No, it, unfortunately, ran for too long!” replied Paganel. The meat of a guanaco killed while running is inedible due to the lactic acid that builds up while running)
6. The invention of the microscope revolutionized many areas of science.
Although nature gave us a sharp look,
But the end of it is near, strength
Since the microscope has revealed many secrets to us,
Invisible particles and thin veins in the body.
Question: To whom do these lines belong?
(answer: these lines belong)
7. It is known that human blood is red. Question: Then why are aristocrats called "blue blood"?
(answer: In Spain, this was said about people with fair skin (as opposed to swarthy Moors), whose veins look blue (against the background of light skin), as if blue blood flows through them.)
8. Hippocrates created the doctrine of the juices of the body types of bodily structure. In the body, according to Hippocrates, there are 4 liquid juices: blood, black bile, yellow bile, mucus. The main thing in the type of human body structure is which juice prevails in the body.
Question: What are the people in whose body one of the four fluids predominates?
(answer: These are people with different types of temperament:
Black bile - “melaina chole” - melancholic.
Yellow bile - "chole" - choleric.
Blood - "sangvis" - sanguine.
Slime - "phlegm" - phlegmatic.
9. Coprinus - dung mushrooms. These mushrooms have an interesting feature. Young and cooked right after picking, koprinus are edible and completely harmless, if not... Question: What makes koprinus poisonous?
(answer: Alcohol. One of the substances contained in coprinus delays the decomposition of alcohol in the body, and the resulting product causes poisoning)
10. In the black box is a branch of this tree. Many peoples living on the territory of Russia revered this tree as sacred. According to Yakut beliefs, the Mistress of the Earth lives on the branches of this tree. And here is what is sung in a Russian song about this tree:
The first thing is to illuminate the world,
The second thing is to console the creak,
The third thing is to heal the sick,
The fourth thing is to keep cleanliness.
Question: What is in the black box? Explain what the song is about.
(about reply: birch branch. People lit the houses with birch splinter; the axles of the wheels were lubricated with tar from birch bark so that they would not creak; from diseases of the kidneys, liver and lungs, a decoction of birch buds helps; the floors were washed and steamed with birch brooms)
11. According to ancient Greek myth, Apollo, the god of light and arts, fell in love with the beautiful nymph Daphne. But she was afraid to hide from him. When she had no strength left to run, she turned into a beautiful tree. The saddened Apollo exclaimed: “Let a wreath of your greenery adorn my head, may your leaves never wither. Stay forever green!”
Question: The appearance of which plant was explained by this legend?
(answer: so the noble laurel appeared)
12. “About 100 years ago, with the help of this insect, the Swedes in Grandenburg held the election of a governor (burgomaster), writes. - Applicants for this position sat around the table and put beards on it. An insect was placed in the middle of the table. The one on whose beard it crawled was elected burgomaster. Question: What insect are we talking about?
(answer: louse)
In the cellar, 5 mice gnawed on a cheese rind. They were so engrossed in it that they did not notice the cat that crept up. The cat rushed at the mice and grabbed one of them. How many mice are left to eat the cheese?
Answer: none, everyone fled
***
The long-awaited January has arrived. First, 1 apple tree bloomed, then 3 plum trees. How many trees have blossomed?
Answer: Trees don't bloom in January
***
One donkey carries 10 kg of sugar, and the other - 10 kg of cotton wool. Who had the heaviest load?
Answer: the same
***
There were 3 pigs. One is in front of two, one is between two, one is behind all. How were the piglets?
Answer: one after another
***
Vova had 6 apples, he gave half to his brother. How many apples does Vova have left?
Answer: Five and a half
***
Vasya was given three apples. He ate two. How many apples does Vasya have left?
Answer: Unknown! Nobody knows how many apples he had before
***
Military school exam. The student takes a ticket, goes to get ready. A minute later, he approaches the teacher. That without asking anything puts 5. The happy student leaves.
Clarify the situation.
You can ask questions that can only be answered with "yes", "no", or "doesn't matter".
Answer: The teacher in the language of Morse code filled the table with a pencil: "Whoever needs a five, come up, I'll put it." Only one student was military vigilant and paid attention to the encryption of the teacher. For this he received 5.
1.. Living is different from non-living:
A) the composition of inorganic substances
C) metabolism
B) the presence of catalysts
D) the interaction of molecules with each other
2. The main substances in living organisms are:
A) Carbohydrates.
B) Vitamins.
C) Fats.
D) Proteins.
3. A biological system is called:
A) the union of homogeneous cells
C) several adjacent organs
B) organs of a living organism
D) any biological objects
4. Interspecies relations begin to appear:
A) At the biogeocenotic level.
B) At the population-species level.
C) At the organismal level.
D) At the biospheric level.
5. The subject of biology is:
A) The structure and functions of the body.
B) Natural phenomena.
C) Patterns of development and functioning of living systems.
D) The structure and functions of plants and animals.
6. In 1988, a 4-volume work by A.A. Sludsky and A. Bekenov was published:
A) "Flora of Kazakhstan".
B) "Reserves of Kazakhstan".
C) "Biological discoveries of Kazakhstan".
D) "Mammals of Kazakhstan"
7. Prokaryotes include:
A) plants
B) animals
C) mushrooms
D) bacteria and cyanobacteria
8. Organelles are found only in prokaryotes:
A) plastids
C) cell center
B) mitochondria
D) ribosomes
9. Ribosomes are involved in the synthesis of:
A) ATP
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) carbohydrates
10. Reproduction is a process: A) an increase in the number of cells;
C) reproduction of their own kind;
C) the development of organisms in the process of evolution;
D) complicating the structure and functions of organs
11. A set of sex chromosomes in men:
A) XX;
B) XY;
C) XO;
E) YY.
12. A cell is a structural and functional unit of a living thing, since:
A) the cell contains about 70 chemical elements;
C) all cell proteins are built from 20 amino acids;
C) processes of biological synthesis and decay are continuously going on in cells;
D) all living organisms, except viruses, are built from cells.
13. Type of cell division, as a result of which germ cells are formed:
A) Amitosis;
B) meiosis;
C) amitosis;
D) biocenosis.
14. At what cell division does the number of chromosomes not decrease?
A) mitosis;
B) mitosis and meiosis;
C) meiosis and amitosis;
D) meiosis.
15. Proteins - biological polymers, the monomers of which are:
A) nucleotides;
B) amino acids;
C) peptides;
D) monosaccharides.
16. What is the number of chromosomes in humans?
A) 46;
B) 25;
C) 47;
D) 48
17. Level, which is the highest level of organization of life:
A) biospheric;
C) biogeocenotic;
C) population-species;
D) organism.
18. The core is:
A) two-membrane structure;
C) single-membrane structure;
C) non-membrane structure;
D) three-membrane structure.
19. Assimilation is a process:
A) catalysis;
B) decay
C) biosynthesis;
D) hydrolysis.
20. In reactions of decomposition of substances:
A) energy is accumulated;
C) energy does not change;
C) energy is released;
D) energy is conserved.
21. One DNA triplet contains information:
A) about the sequence of amino acids in the protein;
C) about one sign of the organism;
C) about one amino acid included in the protein chain;
E) about the beginning of the synthesis of i-RNA,
22. The number of stages in energy metabolism:
A) one;
At two;
C) three;
D) four.
23. Autotrophic organisms receive energy:
A) due to organic substances synthesized from inorganic;
C) from ready-made organic substances;
C) due to the breakdown of inorganic substances;
D) due to the breakdown of water.
24. Does not apply to hormones:
A) insulin
B) oxytocin;
C) melanin;
D) progesterone.
25. Individual development of an organism is called:
A) phylogenesis;
B) ovogenesis;
C) metamorphosis;
D) ontogeny.
26. All flowering plants have:
A) double fertilization;
B) double pollination;
C) simple fertilization;
D) triple fertilization.
27. A fertilized egg is called:
A) a gamete
B) gastrula;
C) blastula;
D) zygote.
28. The nervous system, sensory organs, skin epithelium, tooth enamel are formed during organogenesis:
A) from the ectoderm;
B) from the mesoderm;
C) from the endoderm;
D) from the gastrula.
29. The ability of an organism to maintain the constancy of its structure and functionality at the proper level is called:
A) homeostasis;
B) irritability
C) ontogeny;
D) metabolism.
30. The final phase in mitosis is:
A) anaphase;
B) prophase;
C) telophase;
D) metaphase.
1C 16A
2C 17A
3A 18V
4С 19В
5V 20V
6D 21A
7D 22V
8D 23V
9C 24A
10A 25V
11D 26A
12C 27A
13C 28A
14V 29D
15D 30D
Biology Quiz:
1. In England, this flower is sung by poets in fairy tales: it serves as a cradle for baby fairies and gentle elves. His homeland is Persia, from there he migrated to Turkey, and in the 19th century. to Europe. In Holland there was a cult of this flower. In Amsterdam, two stone houses were bought for three bulbs. Answer: Tulip.
2. Which nations have national holidays dedicated to flowers? Answer: Bulgaria - rosabir, Germany - violet, Yugoslavia - mimosa, England - forget-me-not, Russia - fern on the night of Ivan Kupala.
3. Where was the art of arranging a bouquet born? - Japan. Which countries are famous for the ability to make a bouquet? - France, Japan.
4. What does the concept of "ikebana" mean? Answer: fresh flowers.
5. Which flower is considered the last smile of autumn? Answer: aster.
6. What is a boutonniere? Answer: A miniature bouquet of flowers, which is used to decorate hair, clothes, is placed on the festive table with each device.
7. Which flower is the symbol of the sun and the symbol of Japan? Answer: chrysanthemum.
8. What flower admires itself all its life? Answer: narcissist.
9. What creatures have three hearts? Answer: octopus, cuttlefish, squid.
10. What color is the blood of mollusks? Answer: blue.
11. Which plant produces the best honey? Answer: lime.
12. The name of which plant is associated with ringing? Answer: bell
13. Which plant juice removes warts? Answer: celandine.
14. Nobody scares you, but everything trembles? Answer: aspen.
15. What is the largest flying bird? Answer: bustard, measles.
16. What is the smallest bird? Answer: hummingbird.
17. What is the fastest sushi animal? Answer: cheetah, 110 km per hour.
18. What bird sometimes screams like a cat? Answer: Oriole.
19. What is the smallest sushi carnivore? Answer: stoat.
20. What is the thinnest thread in nature? Answer: web.
21. Is the hare oblique? Answer: no.
22. What kind of snake spits? Answer: cobra.
23. Who has the biggest tongue? Answer: anteater.
24. Where is the grasshopper's ear? Answer: on the leg.
25. Which legs of a giraffe are longer? Answer: front.
26. What bleats snipe? Answer: tail.
27. What plant is called the bird's eye? Answer: raven eye.
28. What animal cleans its teeth after eating? Rinse your mouth. Answer: Tiger.
29. Which birds have wings covered with scales? Answer: penguins.
30. Whose neck has more vertebrae in a giraffe or a pig? Answer: the same.
31. Does cancer always move? Answer: no, it moves forward towards food.
32. What wood are matches made of? Answer: aspen.
33. Does a tree grow in winter? Answer: no.
34. What is the smallest bird in Russia?? Answer: queen.
35. What kind of fish looks like a chess piece? Answer: seahorse.
36. Chicks, which bird in the nest hiss like snakes? Answer: vertices.
37. What kind of fish can turn into a chessboard? Answer: flounder.
38. What bird calls itself? Answer: mallard duck.
39. How does a grasshopper chirp? Answer: friction of the foot on the wing.
40. The name of which flower consists of a particle and a sentry box? Answer: forget-me-not.
41. What bird has no wings at all? Answer: kiwi kiwi.
42. Which animal has green fat? Answer: crocodile.
43. Which flower opens only at night and smells fragrant? Answer: tobacco.
44. What forest bird dramatically changes its plumage in spring? Answer: white partridge.
45. What flowers have human names? Answer: Rose, Lily, Ivan da Marya, Cornflower, etc.
46. Name the trap plants. answer: sundew, pitcher, pemphigus.
47. The leaves of which plants are able to point to the cardinal points? Answer: wild lettuce, silphium, eucalyptus.
48. What plant is called a giant frying pan? Answer: Victoria is a relative of our water lily.
49. The biggest spider in the world? Answer: A tarantula.
50. Which bird has a beak longer than the bird itself? Answer: in some species of toucan.
52. Which shark has eyes 2 meters apart? Answer: hammer fish.
53. What butterfly likes to travel? In autumn, she flies away like a bird to the south, to Africa, and in spring she returns to our lands. Answer: burdock butterfly.
54. What kind of frog builds a house for its tadpoles, but without windows, roofs and doors. Answer: blacksmith tree frog.
55. What kind of snake "sees" heat, even blind, without hearing and smell. Answer: six muzzle.
56. The tallest trees in the world. Answer: eucalyptus trees up to 187 m.
57. The most massive tree. Answer: sequoia.
59. The largest floating plant. Answer: "Victoria-regia", its leaves reach a diameter of up to 2 m. And can withstand a dispersed load of up to 50 kg.
60. Who has the biggest flowers?? Answer: Arnold's rafflesia, its meter-long flower weighs up to 10 kg.
61. What bird bears the name of the famous Russian writer? Answer: Gogol.
62. Which bird breeds chicks in severe frosts? Answer: cross.
63. What kind of wood is used to make skis. Answer: birch.
64. Do migratory birds nest? Answer: no.
65. What does a hedgehog do in winter? Answer: sleeping.
66. What is the average age of a pine. Answer: 120-140 years.
67. From what day does summer begin according to the calendar, and why is this day remarkable? Answer: June 1 is Children's Day.
68. How many leaves on an average chestnut tree? Answer: 19 thousand.
69. How many leaves on average poplar? Answer Approximately 70 thousand to 119 thousand have various types of poplar.
70. What level does the natural noise background reach, without which human life is impossible? Answer: 20-30 decibels. For example, the rustle of grass is 10 decibels, loud speech is 60-70 decibels, the noise of street transport is 80-100 decibels. The permissible volume limit is 80-85 decibels, 130 days causes pain in a person, at 150 days the sound becomes unbearable.
71. What is the largest lizard in the world? Answer: monitor lizard from Komodo island.
72. The world's largest predator? Answer: polar bear.
73. What is the world's largest forest ungulate mammal? Answer: moose.
74. What is the world's largest pinniped mammal? Answer: walrus.
77. The strongest and strongest of the marsupials and also the rarest species on Earth? Answer: marsupial wolf.
78. The most primitive animals on Earth? Answer: platypus and echidna.
81. The world's largest land mammal. Answer: African elephant.
83. The largest animals of our planet. Answer: blue whales.
84. Where does a camel store his water supplies? Answer: in the blood.
85. What amphibious animals change clothes - they change their skin four times a year and each time they eat the previous one. Answer: frogs.
86. Does a snail have teeth? Answer: yes, the snail has 135 rows of teeth located on the tongue. Each row contains 105 teeth, for a total of 14175!
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