Noise insulation of walls in an apartment, modern materials for which today can be found in hardware stores, is becoming more and more relevant. This is explained simply - fences in multi-storey buildings typical houses are not able to fully protect the home from external street noise and from sounds coming from neighboring apartments.
medical scientists It has long been noted that the presence of constant noise has an extremely negative effect on the human psyche, not allowing him to get complete relaxation and rest. That is why, unable to withstand the constant sound pressure, many city residents, especially those who live in panel houses, begin an active search for a suitable soundproof material that will meet all the requirements for its use in apartments.
Almost all modern acoustic materials are made on the same basic principles as traditional ones. However, they have undergone significant improvement due to the appearance in recent times production technologies.
To date, a very large number of new soundproof materials are being produced, and it is simply impossible to cover the characteristics of all on the scale of one article. Therefore, attention will be focused on the most effective ones, which are used specifically in an apartment.
Thin soundproofing MaxFortesoundpro
When the area of an apartment or room does not limit the choice of materials, and you can install sound insulation of any thickness, this is convenient. But what if you can't afford to spend precious inches of living space?
In this case, the innovative MaxForte SoundPRO thin soundproofing material will suit you. It has a thickness of only 12 mm, while in terms of its characteristics it is able to compete with sound insulation with a thickness of 5 and even 10 cm! MaxForte SoundPRO is the latest material designed specifically for soundproofing residential and industrial premises.
Specialists from the Research Institute of Building Physics and the Department of Acoustics of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University took part in the development of the material. In the manufacture of MaxForte SoundPRO, all important points for the efficient operation of the material: the optimal density was selected (with a low density, the sound will pass through, if it is too high - along the “skeleton”), the length of the fibers, their thickness. The sound-absorbing layer is calibrated and uniform over the entire area. The material is completely non-flammable. The composition does not contain harmful phenol-formaldehyde resins and any adhesives. Therefore, in addition to excellent soundproofing properties, MaxForte SoundPRO is safe for health.
MaxForte SoundPRO gives an increase in sound insulation from both air (loud TV, a crying child, screams of neighbors) and impact noise (noise from trampling, rattle of furniture, falling objects). It can be used for soundproofing ceilings, walls and floors, which will give a significant increase of up to 64 dB!
Mounting thin sound insulation very simple, and not only professionals can handle it, but anyone who has ever held a hammer drill and a screwdriver in their hand.
MaxForte SoundPRO is mounted on the wall using ordinary plastic dowel mushrooms, which can be purchased at any hardware store. It is hung on the wall using the butt-to-butt technology, after which it is covered with a layer of GVL (gypsum fiber sheet). All seams of the sheets must be glued with a special vibroacoustic non-hardening sealant. After the soundproofing is sewn up with a layer of GKL (gypsum plasterboard). seams GVL sheets and GKL should be in a run, that is, not the same.
Visually about the installation of thin sound insulation MaxForte SoundPRO you can see in the video.
Video - How to install thin sound insulation MaxForte SoundPRO
Thin wall soundproofing with panelsSoundGuard EcoSoundIsol
Panels SoundGuard EcoSoundIsol- this is unique material for soundproofing walls and ceilings, which allows you to achieve silence in the apartment and not lose usable space.
SoundGuard EcoZvukoIzol panels are made of a durable multi-layer cardboard profile based on the honeycomb principle, which are filled with thermally treated mineral quartz sand. The quartz filler used is very fine, exactly the same as an hourglass. It is this filler that makes it possible to achieve an impressive weight of the panel - more than 18 kg per m2, and according to the laws of sound insulation, the heavier the material, the worse it transmits sound (cotton wool transmits sound very well, for example brick wall or steel door much worse). Except weight quartz sand due to fine fraction perfectly extinguishes and absorbs almost all frequencies of sound - from air to shock.
How to mount panelsSoundGuard EcoSoundIsol?
Installation of panels is very simple and almost anyone can handle it. are attached to the wall using SoundGuard DAP acoustic dowels, which are hammered into holes pre-drilled through the panel in the wall. After that, all seams and joints are smeared with sealant and the entire wall is sewn up with drywall.
Mineral noise absorbing material "Shumanet-BM"
This soundproof the material made from basalt fibers is considered to be a premium grade mineral sound absorbing board. One side of the mat is laminated with a fiberglass layer, which helps to preserve the integrity of the slab and keep the internal basalt fibers in one position to prevent their small particles from entering the room. This is especially important in cases where the sound-absorbing material will be covered by perforated acoustic panels.
Packing of soundproof boards "Shumanet" Plates « Shumanet BM" are produced in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 23 — 03-2003 Noise protection. They have the following technical and operational characteristics:
| Indicators | |
|---|---|
| Standard plate size (mm) | 1000x500 or 1000x600 |
| Plate thickness (mm) | 50 |
| Material density (kg/m³) | 45 |
| Number of boards in a package (pcs.) | 4 |
| Area of boards in one package (m²) | 2.0 or 2.4 |
| Weight of one package (kg) | 4.2÷5.5 |
| Packing volume (m³) | 0.1 ÷ 0.12 |
| Sound absorption coefficient (average) | 0.95 |
| Flammability (GOST 30244-94) | NG (non-flammable) |
| Water absorption at partial immersion in water for 24 hours, in% of the total volume | Not more than 1÷3% |
Acoustic tests to determine the sound absorption coefficient were carried out in the measurement laboratory of the Moscow Research Institute of Building Physics at the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences.
The basis of "shumanet" are basalt fibers Having a low degree moisture absorption, this sound insulating material can be used not only in rooms with normal humidity, but also, for example, in the bathroom. In addition, it is excellent for soundproofing stretch and suspended ceilings, and, of course, walls and multilayer partitions made in the form of a sandwich of drywall, plywood, fiberboard and other sheet materials.
Soundproofing walls using "Shumanet BM"
Installation of plates of this noise insulator takes place according to the same principle as all types of mineral wool. However, one must take into account the fact that the material will be used primarily as sound absorber, and only then is considered as an additional insulation.
Work is carried out in the following sequence:
- On the prepared one, markings are made to secure the elements of the crate. Since the width of the mats is 500 mm, and they should stand between the bars by surprise, the distance between the guides should be 450 ÷ 480 mm. If mats 600 mm wide are purchased, then, accordingly, the distance between the bars should be 550 ÷ 580 mm.
- Further, the elements of the crate themselves are fixed, but at the same time, in order not to weaken the basic qualities of the soundproofing material, experienced craftsmen advise to perform a series simple recommendations:
- For lathing, it is best to use a wooden beam, and not metal profiles, since metal is a good conductor of sound, it can resonate, and wood tends to dampen sound waves.
- In addition, in order not to create bridges for the passage of sound, it is recommended to make spacers between the wall and the lathing bars from a thin soundproof material, for example, felt or strips basalt wool 8 ÷ 10 mm thick.
- If, nevertheless, for the crate is selected metallic profile, then it is better to move it away from the wall with a soundproof gasket by 12 ÷ 15 mm.
- In the event that the area soundproof the room is large enough, and it is possible to take out the crate for sound-absorbing material and cladding 100 mm from the wall, then you can use special details - hangers. They are screwed to the wall through wooden spacers, and the bars are already fixed in them.
Another option is the use of special suspensions, which are designed specifically for noise-absorbing structures. Structurally, such a product already has a special damper layer, which effectively dampens vibrations without transferring them to the frame guides.
Special suspension used for soundproofing work If a guide bars fixed in the above way, then the sound insulator mats are mounted in two layers. The first of them is installed behind the elements of the crate, close to the wall, and the second - between the guides.
Two-layer placement of shumanet panels - Ultimately, upon completion of the installation of the Shumanet BM panels, the walls should look like this:
Next, over the mats soundproof material is fixed vapor-permeable diffuse membrane. Then they proceed to the installation of drywall or plywood sheets, which, in turn, will become the basis for finishing work. However, it is quite possible to replace this layering by fastening directly to the guide rails of a wooden decorative lining.
Next - the wall is tightened with a diffuse membrane and sewn up with drywall or plywood It should be noted that all sound and heat insulating materials made in mats or rolls are mounted on walls according to the same principle.
Video: the advantages of soundproof mineral plates " Shumanet»
"Teksound" - a new direction in sound insulation technology
Texound is not yet as popular as mineral wool or polystyrene foam, as it is a relatively new sound insulator. by the most important advantage"texaunda" in front of others soundproof materials is that it practically does not “steal” the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room, since it has a small thickness.
The main advantage of "Teksound" is the highest efficiency of sound insulation with a small thickness of the material itself. This sound insulator is used for all surfaces of the room - it is fixed to the ceiling and walls, and also laid on the floor.
It should be noted that some craftsmen use "texound" in combination with thermal insulation materials, and such a bundle only increases the effectiveness of its use. But, unfortunately, the premises in apartments most often do not have extra space that can be given over to “powerful” multilayer sound - and thermal insulation structure. In this regard, a material was developed that is able to protect rooms from excessive noise and not reduce the size of the room.
To achieve desired effect and protect the room from outside sounds, it is necessary to cover all surfaces of the room with soundproofing material, otherwise it will not be possible to achieve the desired result.
The “texound” was developed in Spain by specialists from the well-known company TEXSA, and its mass production began there. industrial production. It is in this country that the largest deposit of the mineral aragonite, which is the main raw material, is located.
To be more precise, the base component is calcium carbonate (CaCO³). Aragonite is very rich in this compound. In addition, calcium carbonate is the main constituent of many calcareous rocks, including chalk, marble, and others.
Harmless polymer compounds are used as binding components, and as a result, high-density membranes are obtained, but at the same time very flexible and elastic, with pronounced viscoelastic qualities, which is extremely important for sound insulation of complex building structures.
Sound insulation of rooms with this material is very effective even if canvases with a very small thickness are used. "Teksound"Able to absorb and scatter even sound waves of high intensity, which come not only from the outside, but are also created inside the room, for example, with very loud music.
Texounda canvas covered with a protective film "Teksound" is produced in canvases (membranes) and goes on sale in rolls packed in polyethylene. It has the following technical and operational characteristics:
| Name of material parameters | Indicators |
|---|---|
| Material density (kg/m³) | 1900 |
| Average specific gravity canvases (kg/m²) | 6.9 |
| Area covered by one package (m²) | 6.1 |
| Weight of one package (kg) | 42 |
| Sound insulation coefficient Rw (average) | 28 |
| Flammability (GOST 30244-94) | G2 |
| Elongation at break (%) | 300 |
| Manufacturing materials | mineral aragonite, plasticizers, polyolefins, spunbond |
In addition, the material has the following advantages:
- "Texound" is resistant to temperature extremes. Its elasticity does not decrease at all even with negative temperatures up to — 20 °С .
- The material has a pronounced flexibility and plasticity, and this "Teksound" is somewhat reminiscent of rubber.
"Texound" with its plasticity resembles dense rubber - The material is resistant to moisture and will never become a zone of mold or fungus, as it has antiseptic properties.
- The operating time of the “texound” is not limited.
- "Teksound" is perfectly combined with other materials, and can be applied in a complex system.
"Teksound"Subdivided by its thickness, size and shape of release, may have additional layers that improve its characteristics. The main brands are presented in the table:
| Name | Noise isolator release form | Linear parameters of the material, mm |
|---|---|---|
| Texound 35 | rolled | 1220×8000×1.8 |
| Texound 50 | rolled | 1220×8000×1.8 |
| Texound 70 | rolled | 1220×6000×2.6 |
| "Texound100" | sheet | 1200×100×4.2 |
| Texound SY 35 | Self-adhesive roll | 1220×8000×3.0 |
| Texound SY 50 | Self-adhesive roll | 1220×6050×2.6 |
| Texound SY 50 AL | Foil self-adhesive roll | 1200×6000×2.0 |
| Texound SY 70 | Self-adhesive roll | 1200×5050×3.8 |
| Texound SY100 | Self-adhesive sheet | 1200×100×4.2 |
| Texound FT 55 AL | With felt and foil layer | 1220×5500×15.0 |
| Texound FT 40 | With felt layer | 1220×6000×12.0 |
| Texound FT 55 | With felt layer | 1200×6000×14.0 |
| Texound FT 75 | With felt layer | 1220×5500×15.0 |
| Texound 2FT 80 | With two felt layers | 1200×5500×24.0 |
| "Texound S BAND-50" | Self-adhesive tape | 50×6000×3.7 |
| Glue "Homakoll", designed for "Teksound" | canister | 8 liters |
Texound installation
Almost any base is suitable for mounting this material - concrete, drywall, plastic, wood, metal and others. The main thing is that the surface is well prepared - leveled, cleaned of old coatings, primed and dried.
If there is a qualitatively applied layer of plaster on the wall, then it must be primed, and then installation can be carried out directly on it.
The work can be done in two ways. In the first of them, only soundproofing material is used, and in the second, it is used in combination with a heat insulator.
The first option - without additional insulation
- Glue is applied to the prepared surface. For the installation of " texound"Used a special mounting adhesive, which is sold in ready-to-use liquid form, in canisters. After greasing, it is necessary to wait 15÷20 minutes until the glue sets.
Marking and cutting canvases "Teksounda" - Further, the soundproofing material itself is mounted on the glued wall, which must be measured and cut off in advance, and also pre-lubricated with glue.
Special glue is applied both to the surface of the wall and to the Texounda canvas itself. - If self-adhesive material is purchased, then installation will be much easier, since it will not be needed for laying, and you will just need to remove the protective film and attach the material to the wall.
- Next, the “texound” sheet must be pressed as tightly as possible to the surface, and then additionally walk over it with a roller. This must be done in order to achieve its best adhesion to the wall surface over the entire area, without leaving air bubbles.
Welding the Texound joints with a gas burner - Cloths "Teksounda"Be sure to overlap, by about 50 mm. The sheets are glued together hermetically. This process is carried out using "liquid nails" glue or by heating the material with hot air or gas burner- adjacent sheets are welded. If at least small gaps are left between the canvases during installation, then the effectiveness of sound insulation will be significantly reduced.
Fully texounded doorway - If the Texound installation is carried out on the ceiling, then it is glued in small sheets, since the material is quite heavy, and it will simply be impossible to hold a solid sheet from wall to wall.
- After gluing the canvas, if necessary, it is additionally fixed on the wall with fasteners - “fungi”, the very ones that are most often used for mounting polystyrene foam or mineral wool.
The second option - with the use of thermal insulation
Complex installation is carried out if the wall needs not only soundproof but also insulate. If there is such a task, then the work is carried out as follows:
- On the primed wall along the edges, the crate frame is fixed.
Frame for "Texound" along the perimeter of the wall - The next step is to immediately glue Texound on the entire wall in one version, and in the other it is pre-laid heat-insulating material. However, the first method shows more high efficiency just for soundproofing.
- If thermal insulation is adjacent to the wall, then "texound" is first fixed with "fungi", and then additionally pressed with metal hanger strips.
Fixing the "Texounda" canvases with "fungi" dowels - To achieve the required place for installing the insulation material, the metal profile of the frame is fixed in suspensions at a distance of 40 ÷ 50 mm from the wall. In this case, it is necessary to set each of the profiles according to building level, otherwise the casing of the frame will not be even.
Mounting metal frame over soundproofing sheets - The next step is the installation of insulation. The most environmentally friendly insulation materials, which can be installed independently, is considered basalt-based mineral wool. If financial funds, then you can use the above-described "Shumanet BM", which is not only noise absorbing but a good thermal insulation material.
- It fits tightly between the racks of the crate and is pressed against the Texound, mounted on the wall.
- Upon completion of the installation of insulation, the wall should look like this:
- It is advisable to tighten the heater vapor permeable diffuse membrane.
- The next step is . In some cases plywood or OSB sheets are used for sheathing.
- The sheets are fastened to the racks of the crate by self-tapping screws, the heads of which are recessed into the sheathing material by 1.5 ÷ 2 mm.
- Then the joints and holes from the caps of the self-tapping screws are sealed with putty.
- Further, the surface is primed and puttied completely, and after that you can decorate the walls with decorative material.
Drywall - the most convenient material for leveling walls
The wall that received soundproofing and insulation protection, it is necessary to prepare for further work - to achieve flat surface, which will become the basis for finishing materials. As well as - in special publications of our portal.
Prices for drywall and sheet materials
Drywall and sheet materials
Existing schemes for mounting "texound"
Masters apply various schemes installation of this soundproofing device. Depending on the convenience of performing work, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the required efficiency of wall insulation from external noise, you can choose any of them. The only drawback of these structures is their thickness, which even in the best case will be at least 50 mm.
First option
This design will have a thickness of 50 mm.
- They begin to mount it with the fact that the prepared metal profiles from the side of their contact with the wall are pasted over with self-adhesive tape "Teksound S BAND 50". This must be done in order to avoid the transmission of sound and vibrations from the wall through the metal frame into the room.
- Further, the frame elements are fixed to the wall with dowels, and heat-insulating, sound-absorbing mats are mounted between them.
- Then, soundproofing material is glued onto the sheets of drywall, on their inner side. In this case, Texound 70 is well suited.
- Thereafter. drywall is fixed on the racks of the frame, and its seams are sealed with putty.
Second option
The thickness of the structure with this option will be 60 mm.
- In this case, a thin heat insulator is first fixed to the wall. You can use foil insulation by setting it with a reflective surface towards the room. The insulation should cover the joints of the wall with the floor and ceiling, that is, go to them by 150 ÷ 200 mm.
- On top of it is made installation of a metal frame, which in the same way as in the first version of the design, it is attached to the wall.
- Further, insulation mats are placed in the frame, which are covered with drywall with Texound 70 glued to it.
Here it should be noted that thermal insulation material, attached to the wall, can be replaced by "Texound FT 75", which has an additional layer of felt.
Third option
The thickness of the third design option is 70 ÷ 80 mm, since it consists of more layers.
- The first layer to the wall is installed heat-insulating material.
- The second layer is the Texound sound-absorbing membrane.
- A crate is mounted on top of it.
- Then the insulation mats are installed.
- Sandwich panels are fixed to the structure with the last layer, consisting of two sheets of drywall, between which Texound is laid.
When purchasing soundproofing material of this type, it is recommended to provide the consultant of the selling company with the characteristics of the material from which the house is built. The Sales Consultant will help you right choice by determining the thickness and better shape release of Texound.
Video: using "texound" for soundproofing in an apartment
Use of foam rubber mats as soundproofing
Acoustic foam can be called the most effective affordable material for soundproofing walls in an apartment. Due to its porous structure, this material perfectly absorbs and scatters sound vibrations.
Acoustic foam rubber is able to neutralize two types of noise - sound and vibration waves, that is, it muffles the sound and scatters low frequencies arising from surface vibrations, for example, knocking or "bass" of music.
The material is quite durable and can be mounted both as an independent soundproofing material and in combination with drywall. Foam mats are available in a wide range of sizes and can be embossed or have a flat surface.
Foam rubber is made by pressing polyurethane foam, after which cutting into standard blocks with a size of 1000 × 2000 mm is carried out. The thickness of the mats varies from 10 to 120 mm. Domestic material is produced in two or three colors, while imported options have a more diverse range of colors, including 10÷12 colors.
Material relief types
Types of relief pattern of acoustic foam can be different. The depth of the relief determines both the total thickness of the material and its noise-absorbing properties.
The main types of reliefs used for the purpose of soundproofing rooms are presented in the tables below:
| Material relief height (mm) | 25 | 50 | 70 | 100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Wedge" | ||||
| For moderate soundproofing of walls and ceilings. | Effective for absorbing standing sound waves and echoes in medium to small rooms. | For effective sound insulation rooms of any size. | To absorb low frequencies, it is most often used in large halls. | |
| "Pyramid" | ||||
| For moderate wall protection against the penetration of high and medium frequencies. | Standing wave protection small spaces. In combination with traps for low frequencies, they can completely soundproof the room. | It is used for rooms of any size and is used in conjunction with additional soundproofing elements, such as sound traps. | Same features as wedge material type |
There are other, less frequently used acoustic foam elements.
| Name of relief type | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| "Peak" | This relief of mats is less popular and has an unusual pattern. Its lack of demand is explained by lower soundproofing qualities than those of the materials mentioned above. |
| "Bass Trap" | Waves that have a low frequency are harder to dampen because they are longer. For this, bass traps are installed in each corner of the room, which are designed for rooms of any size. |
| "Traps of high and medium frequencies" | These elements are installed in large halls. They are designed to capture mid and high frequencies, and create the effect of scattering low frequencies. They are installed in a vertical position, but if the blocks are cut in two and placed at the corners, they will become traps for low frequencies. |
| "Corner Block" | Corner blocks are made in the form of a triangular beam. They are installed at the corners of the room and at the junctions of two surfaces, and also serve to dissipate low frequencies. |
| Decorative ceiling tiles | Available with and without embossed pattern. They are designed to change the relief and shape of the ceiling, with the help of which an additional soundproofing effect is achieved. |
| Insulating wedges | They are used to reduce vibrations from studio equipment and are used as a substrate under it. |
Until recently, acoustic foam rubber was rarely used in apartments, since the material tends to accumulate dust. But in recent years, more and more residents of panel houses choose foam rubber to reduce the sound transmission of walls. Due to its high sound-absorbing and scattering qualities, this material is able to make the room almost completely soundproof, provided that it is mounted not only on walls, but also on the surface of the ceiling and floor.
It is very important to note that acoustic foam rubber does not lose its soundproofing qualities at all when it is closed with drywall. The main condition in creating such a design is that the foam mats themselves must be glued directly to the wall base, without any lining.
Soundproofing acoustic foam walls
Installing foam rubber on the walls is not too complicated, so you can easily do it yourself. In this case, it is worth considering the most acceptable method of soundproofing for the conditions of the apartment, but it should be noted right away that the area of the room will decrease somewhat.
Installation work is carried out in the following sequence:
- In order for the foam rubber to stick easily, it is best to prime the wall surface and dry it well.
- Next, the mats need to be fixed to the wall. They must fit snugly against its surface, otherwise the sound insulation effect will be partially lost.
- You can glue foam mats on a wide double-sided mounting tape, "liquid nails" or heated silicone.
- When all the walls are covered with foam mats, you can proceed to the installation of a frame crate made of metal profiles or wooden beam. Frame guides are fixed at a distance of 50÷60 mm from the wall.
- Racks are mounted in the recesses of the relief pattern directly to the wall. Mounting holes are drilled straight through the foam.
- After fixing the frame of the crate, drywall sheets, plywood, PVC panels or others are fixed on the rails. Decoration Materials. This will in no way reduce the efficiency of the sound absorption of the foam rubber layer, since it will be the first to receive all sound waves coming from outside, absorb them and scatter them.
- In the same way, the foam rubber is mounted on a crate, and then one of the types of suspended ceilings is fixed on it.
- Logs are laid on the floor over acoustic foam rubber, on which a plank or plywood floor is laid. Further, if desired, laminate, linoleum, carpet or other decorative coating can be laid on plywood.
It should be noted that the installation of acoustic mats does not require serious preparatory repairs, and if a decision is made to leave the foam panels in open form, then their installation generally takes no more than one day.
Exposed material will require frequent cleaning with a powerful vacuum cleaner to keep a large amount of dust from accumulating inside this porous material. In the event that one of the panels for some reason has moved away from the wall, it can be quickly glued into place without any special preparations.
In addition to the considered soundproof materials, in the range building stores others are presented. But today, acoustic foam rubber, texound membranes, shumanet plates and similar sound insulators can be called the most effective and safest for installation in an apartment.
As the quality of housing improves, when the issue of the number of square meters has ceased to be the only determining factor, the problem of soundproofing residential premises is becoming increasingly relevant. However, due to the fact that this question is quite specific, i.e. in the theory of acoustics there are a lot of implicit features and "illogical" conclusions from the point of view of common sense, a large number of myths and misconceptions have arisen and established themselves in this area.
This leads to the fact that a large number of people have formed a stable stereotype about what materials, if necessary, can solve all the problems of insufficient sound insulation. However, the practical use of such materials at best will leave the situation without visible changes, at worst - will lead to an increase in noise in the room. As a first example:
The myth of the soundproofing properties of cork
What cork- a good sound insulator, almost everyone believes. Statements of this kind can be found on the set construction forums. And the "technology" of application is "developed" to the smallest detail. If you hear a neighbor behind the wall, you need to paste a cork over the wall that is common with your neighbor, if the noise comes from the ceiling, then the ceiling. And the resulting acoustic effect is amazing ... with its absence! But what's the matter? After all, the seller showed acoustic test data, where the effect of sound insulation was indicated, and not a very small effect - about 20 dB! Is it cheating?!
Not really. The numbers are true. But the fact is that such figures were obtained not for "sound insulation in general", but only for the so-called impact sound insulation. In addition, the indicated values are valid only for the case when this cork is laid under concrete screed or parquet board upstairs neighbor. Then you really hear the neighbor's steps quieter by 20 dB compared to how if the neighbor did not have this pad under his feet. But for music or the sound of the neighbor's voice, as well as for all other cases of using cork in other cases, these figures of "sound insulation" have, unfortunately, nothing to do. The effect is not just barely noticeable, it is zero! Of course, cork is an environmentally friendly and warm material, but you should not attribute all possible soundproof properties to it.
All of the above also applies to foam, polyethylene foam (PPE), polyurethane foam and other similar materials that have different trademarks starting with "foam-" and ending with "-fol", "-fom" and "-lon". Even with an increase in the thickness of these materials up to 50 mm, their soundproofing properties (with the exception of impact noise insulation) leave much to be desired.
Another misconception closely related to the first. Let's denote it as:
The myth of thin soundproofing
The basis for this misconception is the struggle to improve the acoustic comfort of the room, along with the desire to preserve the original square meters. It is quite understandable the desire to maintain the height of the ceiling and the area of the room, moreover, for typical apartments with a small footage and a low ceiling. According to statistical observations, the vast majority of people are ready to donate "for sound insulation" an increase in the thickness of the wall and ceiling no more than 10 - 20 mm. In addition, there is a requirement to obtain a rigid front surface ready for painting or wallpapering.
Here, all the same materials come to the rescue: cork, PPE, polyurethane foam up to 10 mm thick. Thermal soundproofing is added to them in a separate line. But for this case, these materials are sewn up with a layer of drywall, which acts as a rigid wall, ready for finishing.
Since the acoustic properties of cork and PPE for soundproofing walls and ceilings were discussed above, we will focus on thermal soundproofing.
Thermozvukoizol (TZI) - roll material, where as a shell (like a duvet cover) is used polymer material"Lutrasil", and super-thin fiberglass fibers are used as stuffing (blanket). The thickness of such material fluctuates around 5-8 mm. I do not presume to discuss the thermal insulation qualities of VBI, but as for sound insulation:
Firstly, TZI is not soundproofing, but sound-absorbing material. Thus, we cannot talk about his own sound insulation. We can only talk about the sound insulation of the structure in which it is used as a filler.
Secondly, the sound insulation of such a design largely depends on the thickness of the sound-absorbing material located inside. The thickness of the VBI, at which this material will be effective in a soundproof structure, should be at least 40 - 50 mm. And this is 5 - 7 layers. With a layer thickness of 8 mm, the acoustic effect this material VERY SMALL. As, however, in any other materials the same thickness. Nothing can be done - the law of acoustics!
ZIPS panels can be recommended as a really effective material for additional soundproofing of walls and ceilings. For example, ZIPS-Vector panels with a structure thickness of 53 mm increase sound insulation by 9-11 dB, and the latest ZIPS-III-Ultra with the same thickness - by 11-13 dB. The panels are patented and this moment have no analogues in the world.
Thus, with a total thickness of the structure of additional sound insulation of 20 - 30 mm (including a layer of drywall), one should not expect any increase in sound insulation that is noticeable to the ear.
In addition to these, perhaps the most common misconceptions, there are others, less known, but no less significant. Therefore, in matters of ensuring the required sound insulation of premises, it is best to contact specialists immediately. Sometimes a single glance is enough for a professional acoustician to immediately assess the ineffectiveness of the proposed measures or the materials used. But the most unpleasant thing is to spend time, effort and money, and not feel the results of your work.
Soundproofing residential premises is becoming more and more important every year. And every homeowner wants to choose the best soundproofing material that protects from outside noise. Although it is difficult to choose them according to the “bad-good” principle, since many of them have a specific purpose and, to one degree or another, perform their tasks.
So what is soundproofing? As a rule, noise and sound insulation is a complex multilayer structure, which includes dense layers that reflect sound waves and soft layers that absorb extraneous sounds.
In this regard, neither mineral wool, nor membrane, nor panel materials should be used as independent sound insulation.
At the same time, it is a mistake to assume that heat insulators (cork, PPS, PPE, etc.) are able to fully fulfill the role of noise protection. They are not able to stop creating a barrier against the penetration of structure-borne noise.
Even worse, if you stick sheets of polyurethane foam or polystyrene on the wall under the plaster, then this design will increase the resonance of the incoming noise.
Overview of the best soundproofing materials
Rock Wool Acoustic Butts
Rockwool Acoustic Butts, a group of companies that have been producing basalt fiber boards for eighty years, can be put in first place.
Stone wool pressed into panels has found its application both in residential and industrial construction as a heat and sound insulator.
Benefits of Rockwool Acoustic Butts:
- High sound absorption class (A / B depending on the thickness), excellent sound absorption ability: air vibrations up to 60 dB, shock - from 38.
- Low thermal conductivity and complete fire safety.
- Vapor permeability, moisture resistance, biostability, durability.
- Certification according to the norms of the Russian Federation and the EU.
- Ease of installation.
Flaws:
There is a risk of acquiring a fake.
High cost, to a large extent caused by the need to use additional components and waste accounting.
Soundproof
These are bitumen-polymer soundproofing materials membrane type based on modified resins with sound, heat and waterproofing qualities.
Applicable for walls, ceilings and floors, including for "warm" on the floating system. Included in category G1 - low flammable.
Positive properties:
- Versatility, durability, affordable price.
- Water-, bio- and temperature resistance (-40/+80°C).
- Low degree of thermal conductivity in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003.
- Sound protection for airborne noise up to 28 dB, for shock - up to 23.
Negative:
- A small dealer network on the territory of the Russian Federation.
- The elements have considerable weight, and therefore they cannot be called the best option for weak load-bearing bases.
- Only one mounting method is allowed - adhesive.
Tecsound
The company is engaged in the production of polymer-mineral membrane soundproofing materials. These are flexible elastic roll products, very dense, for which they were classified as heavy.
Based on aragonite and elastomers. Belongs to classes G1 and D2 - low combustible, with an average degree of smoke formation.
Advantages:
- Resistance to rotting, moisture and temperature resistance (properties do not change even at t ° -20), durability.
- Versatility due to stretch property.
- Certification according to Russian and European standards.
- Environmental safety due to the absence of phenol-containing substances.
- Airborne noise reduction up to 28 dB.
Flaws:
- Possibility of installation - only glue.
- It is not applicable as an independent material for soundproofing.
The cost is above average.
Shumanet
Mineral wool boards of the Shumanet series are designed for wall and ceiling frame soundproofing systems for subsequent finishing with facing materials (plywood, plasterboard or fiber sheets, chipboard).
- Resistance to moisture, the formation of mold and fungus, durability.
- Excellent vapor permeability and minimal thermal conductivity.
- Full fire safety and incombustibility - classes KM0 and NG.
- Compliance with high sound absorption classes - A / B at any frequency, reduction of noise waves of structural and air type from 35 dB.
- RF certification.
- Ease of installation, due to the property of elasticity.
Flaws:
An increased degree of phenol emission (slightly exceeds the permissible), that is, environmental friendliness is in question.
The high cost caused by the need to purchase many additional. elements, the need to strictly follow the installation instructions.
ZIPS panels
The panel system from the manufacturer "Acoustic Group" appeared at the very end of the last century. This is a multi-layer structure, whose composition varies depending on the purpose.
For ceiling and wall surfaces, tongue-and-groove drywall sheets, for floor - gypsum fiber. They are supplemented with fiberglass or basalt slabs.
To a large extent, vibrating units made of polymer and silicone prevent the transmission of vibration and noise waves. Degree of combustibility G1 (low combustible).
Advantages:
- Durability, efficiency and biostability.
- Little thermal conductivity.
- The absence of inter-plate gaps during installation, provided by the tongue-and-groove type of connection.
- No need to use adapters when fixing plates.
- Compliance with GOST requirements.
Flaws:
When wall mounted, the plates can resonate by 2-3 dB with incoming-outgoing low-frequency noise up to 100 Hz.
During installation, many components are required, which significantly increases the final cost of installation.
Plates SoundGuard (SoundGuard)
A fairly effective product, attractive at a democratic cost, produced by an alliance of experienced manufacturers, known on the Russian market for several years. Prefabricated noise protection structure includes:
- Drywall Volma,
- Profiled SoundGuard board (consists of mineral-quartz-filled gypsum board and cardboard cellulose panel),
- frame profile.
According to the degree of flammability, they belong to the group G2 (moderately flammable), toxicity T1 (low). Among the advantages of the SaunGuard panels are:
Of the shortcomings:
- Lack of moisture resistance property.
- Few sales representatives in Russia.
- High prices.
- In the process of cutting, shedding of the mineral filler occurs. This makes it necessary to process the edges of all plates with tape or tape.
In addition, if the panels are used as an independent sound insulator, then the degree of obstruction to impact and air type noise does not exceed 7 dB. Like ZIPS, panels can resonate with low frequency noise.
Everyone who lives in a house located in close proximity to the slopes, industrial enterprises, railway and so on, knows perfectly well what noise is and how much it affects the human nervous system. Noise is an inharmonious phenomenon, the chaos of sounds, their combinations cause irritation in people at best. defined in decibels (db). Sanitary standards recommend noise levels within 40 dB during the day and 30 dB at night.
Soundproofing
The task of soundproofing is to reflect sound and prevent it from passing through the wall of the room. The characteristic structure of soundproofing materials creates an obstacle to the progress of sound and reflects it. The sound insulation of a wall and any other building structure is determined, first of all, by its mass - the more massive and thicker the wall, the more difficult it is for sound vibrations to shake it. The soundproofing ability of enclosing structures used in construction is evaluated by the value of the soundproofing index. The sound insulation index is measured in dB, and optimally it should be from 52 to 60 dB (for building envelopes). Soundproof materials include dense materials such as concrete, brick, drywall, and other materials that can reflect sound.
Sound absorption
The task of sound absorption is to absorb noise, not to allow it to be reflected from the barrier back into the room. Sound-absorbing materials have a fibrous, granular or cellular structure. The sound absorption characteristic is evaluated by the sound absorption coefficient. The sound absorption coefficient varies from 0 to 1. At a zero value of the sound absorption coefficient, the sound is completely reflected, at full sound absorption the coefficient is equal to one. Sound-absorbing materials include those that have a sound absorption coefficient of at least 0.4.
It is believed that people feel most relaxed with a noise of 25 dB, but if its value is below this value, then there is a feeling of ringing silence, which brings discomfort. Usually, up to 60 dB, a person reacts to noise tolerably, with prolonged exposure to noise of 90 dB, a person may experience a serious nervous breakdown: insomnia, hysteria and other diseases. Sound levels of 100 dB or more can cause hearing loss.
Used for noise protection various materials, creating an obstacle in its path. The principle of choosing materials for protection against extraneous sounds depends on the task.
Sound absorption or suppression circuit
According to the degree of rigidity, sound-absorbing materials are: hard, soft, semi-rigid.
- Solid materials.
- produced on the basis of granulated or suspended mineral wool; materials containing porous aggregates such as pumice, expanded perlite, vermiculite. Sound absorption coefficient: 0.5. Bulk density: 300-400 kg/m3.
- Soft sound-absorbing materials are made on the basis of mineral wool or fiberglass; as well as cotton wool, felt, etc. Sound absorption coefficient: from 0.7 to 0.95. Bulk density: up to 70 kg/m3.
- Semi-rigid materials - these are mineral wool or fiberglass boards, materials with a cellular structure - polyurethane foam, etc. Sound absorption coefficient: from 0.5 to 0.75. Bulk density: from 80 to 130 kg/m3.
In private homes, it is more profitable to use materials that have maximum odds sound absorption and less weight, that is, soft.
The choice of material for creating sound comfort in a room also depends on the nature of the sound itself. Operating electrical appliances, television, receiver, loud conversations, sounds from animals, sounds of cars, and so on create airborne noise. If there is an impact directly on the floors: drilling walls, hammering nails, walking, sound from rearranging furniture, etc., then we are talking about impact noise. When the load-bearing structures of the house are rigidly connected to each other without the use of soundproof elastic gaskets, then noise of any kind propagates through the structures of the house and turns into structural noise.
To combat impact noise, elastic materials are used, mainly with a closed cellular structure. And porous or fibrous, with a high sound absorption coefficient, cope with airborne noise. Structural noise can be combated by using cushioning material to protect the joints of the bearing elements.
Noise isolation of airborne noise
The main characteristic of materials for protection against airborne sound is sound insulation index (Rw), expressed in dB: in order not to hear human speech behind the wall, it must be at least 50 dB. Another feature - sound absorption coefficient: from 0 to 1. The closer the sound absorption coefficient is to 1, the higher the protective qualities of the material.
One of the ways to protect against the penetration of extraneous sounds can be the establishment of dense and massive walls and ceilings. It could be monolithic reinforced concrete, expanded clay and foam concrete blocks, etc. The main thing is that, together with the binder solution, they form a sealed structure without slots and holes. In one partition, a combination of several dense materials is possible in the presence of rigid connections between all structural elements: for example, a wall of pumice concrete blocks on a cement-sand mortar, lined with bricks. However, increasing the massiveness of walls and ceilings is a rather complicated and inefficient task, since a doubling of the mass of the structure leads to an increase in the sound insulation index by only a few decibels.
A more acceptable way to protect against airborne noise is to create a multi-layer structure consisting of several alternating layers of hard, dense and soft building materials.
Scheme of a multilayer wall structure as additional protection from the noise
Dense materials such as concrete, brick, drywall, etc. can be used as a hard layer. They exhibit sound-proofing properties, and the greater their density, the higher the sound insulation. Layer soft material has a sound absorbing function. As a sound-absorbing layer, materials with a fibrous structure are used: mineral wool, glass wool, silica fibers. In this case, the thickness of the sound-absorbing material in the structure matters, the effective thickness starts from 50 mm. The thickness of the absorbing layer must be at least 50% of the internal space of the partition.
Currently, the most effective materials with high sound absorption coefficients are mineral wool and fiberglass products.
glass wool
This material is based on fiberglass, has increased elasticity and strength, as well as high vibration resistance. Good sound absorption is due to the large number of voids between the fibers, which are filled with air. To her positive qualities include: fire safety - NG (non-combustible), low weight, elasticity, non-hygroscopicity, high vapor permeability, it is chemically passive and does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it. Acoustic partitions are made from glass wool in the form of plates and rolls to create an intermediate soft layer in multilayer sound-absorbing structures.
Mineral wool
This is a fibrous material obtained from silicate melts of rocks, metallurgical slags and their mixtures.
Positive qualities: fire safety - non-combustible - NG; is chemically passive and does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it. Good sound absorption is ensured by the fact that the fibers are arranged randomly in horizontal, vertical directions, at different angles to each other.
Note: DThe fiber length of mineral wool and glass wool is different: the average length of fiberglass is 5 cm, and the length of stone fiber is 1.5 cm. At the same time, glass wool is a lighter material (see table above).
You can increase the sound insulation of the floor with a device acoustic ceiling- multi-layer construction that will reduce the energy of the reflected sound and absorb the noise.
The air space between the ceiling and the ceiling plane is filled with sound-absorbing materials, for which pressed plates made of thin mineral fiber or glass fiber are used.
Multilayer panel
Recently, ready-made ZIPS soundproofing systems have been used for soundproofing. ZIPS structures are one of the effective means of additional sound insulation of a single-layer partition (brick, concrete wall, etc.). ZIPS consists of sandwich panels and finishing plasterboard cladding sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm. Sandwich panel consists of a combination of dense (gypsum fiber) and light layers (mineral wool or glass wool) different thickness. Depending on the model, the thickness and type of material in the layer may vary. The advantages of the design include the absence of a metal frame, and fastening to the wall is carried out through special nodes that are made during the production of panels. The ends of the ZIPS panel system are adjacent to the side surfaces (floor, walls, ceiling) through vibration-isolating pads. Fire safety ZIPS - G1 (flammable material).
Laminated panel layout
The thickness of the ZIPS, depending on the model, can vary from 40 to 130 mm. Increasing the sound insulation index depending on the thickness of the structure: from 9 to 18 dB. Example: when using a four-layer ZIPS panel with a thickness of 70 mm, the total sound insulation index increases by 10 dB, that is, when fixing ZIPS with a thickness of 70 mm on a wall with a sound insulation index of 47 dB, the total sound insulation index rises to 57-58 dB, and if the ZIPS thickness is be 133 mm, then the overall sound insulation index rises to 63-65 dB.
Note: The condition for the applicability of ZIPS structures is the sufficient bearing capacity of the original partition, since the weight of one panel of size 1500x500 mm is from 18.5 to 21 kg, depending on the model.
Impact sound insulation
The materials used to isolate impact noise do not absorb the sound wave, but repel it, causing it to lose energy. To isolate from impact noise, porous materials with a low value of the dynamic modulus of elasticity are used, since the attenuation of the sound wave is explained by the fact that sound energy is spent on elastic deformations of the material.
One of the options for protection against impact noise is laying under the "finishing floor" gaskets made of soundproof materials. One of the important comparative characteristics materials that protect against impact noise is impact noise reduction index Lnw.
Sheet pressed from natural cork chips
Examples: cork rolls of the company "IPOCORK" (Portugal). It has a thickness of 2 and 4 mm, sold in sheets with dimensions of 915 × 610 mm, and rolls. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is 12 dB. The cost of technical roll cork 2 mm thick is $2/m2.
Other examples: plates of the CORKSRIBAS trademark, a roll cork "Cork Roll".
Polyethylene foam
Often manufacturers of laminates offer it complete with their products. In the construction industry, polyethylene foams (foamed polyethylene) are mainly used, having a density of 20 to 80 kg / m3.
Varieties of material:
- uncrosslinked polyethylene foam,has an unbound molecular structure (polymer molecules are not linked by chemical bonds).
- physically crosslinked polyethylene foam. It has a modified molecular structure, due to which soundproofing properties are increased.
- chemically crosslinked polyethylene foam. The method of chemical cross-linking of polyethylene foam strengthens the intermolecular bonds of polyethylene, and thereby increases the soundproofing properties.
Polyethylene is used in the installation of interfloor concrete screeds, floating floors (see below), as a substrate for parquet, laminate and other floor coverings; when sealing joints. Good contact with cement, concrete and other materials, resistant to most solvents, gasoline and oils. Fire safety - G2. Not resistant to UV radiation. Under prolonged loads, it loses up to 76% of its thickness, deteriorating its insulating properties over time. When moisture gets into the underfloor space, conditions are created for the spread of mold. Cost at a thickness of 3 mm. - 3 dollars / sq.m.
Examples of polyethylenes: "Izolon", "Izonel", "Pleneks", "Teploflex", "Porilex", "Energoflex", "Stizol", "Isocom", "Jermaflex", "Steinofon", "Isopenol", etc.
Cork-rubber backing
It is a mixture of granulated cork and synthetic rubber. The material reduces impact noise and dampens the vibration of electrical appliances. It can be used as a lining under textile, elastic and rigid floor coverings, PVC/XV floor coverings, linoleum, parquet, finished parquet, ceramic tiles, natural stone slabs, as a lining for carpets on stretches. Fire safety - B2. Substrates based on a cork-rubber mixture need additional moisture insulation with a polyethylene film; in case of excessive moisture, they can be a breeding ground for mold.
Examples: UZIN-RR 188. Thickness - from 3 to 5 mm. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is from 18 to 21 dB. Price (3mm) - 2 dollars / sq.m.
Another example: Ibola material (made in Germany). This is a substrate consisting of pressed cork and rubber granules.
Bitumen-cork substrate
It is made on the basis of kraft paper impregnated with bitumen and sprinkled with cork chips. It is laid with cork dressing down, and, thanks to this, moisture will be removed from under the laminate. Waterproofing is not required. Fire safety - G1. Bituminous impregnation gets dirty when laying, cork crumbs can fly off the canvas, and the substrate can rot if it is excessively wet.
Examples: Parkolag material from ICOPAL (Denmark, Finland). The weight of the roll is slightly more than 10 kg. Thickness - 3 mm. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is 18 dB. Price - 3.5 dollars / m2.
composite material
Composite is a multicomponent material. It consists of two layers of polyethylene film, between which there are expanded polystyrene granules. The top film, made of polyethylene, protects the flooring from moisture. bottom film allows moisture to pass into the space between the films, from where it is brought out along the perimeter of the room through expansion joints, and thus the space is ventilated. During operation, the composite substrate is almost not deformed, it is durable (20 years). The installation of the composite substrate is carried out by the method of free laying, without the use of adhesives. Fire safety - NG.
Examples: Tuplex by TUPLEX (Finland). It is a new generation insulating material, many flooring manufacturers (UPOFLOOR, TARKETT, KARELIA, KAHRS) use it together with their products. Thickness 3 mm. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is 18-20 dB. Price - 3 dollars / m2.
Other examples: TermoZvukoIzol material; composite "Vibrofilter" (synthetic rubber and aluminum foil).
Materials such as extruded polystyrene foam and special soundproof films can also be used as substrates.
Extruded polystyrene foam
The coating has a high compressive strength (0.32 MPa) and low water absorption - 0.1%, which means that moisture protection is not needed. Easy to use: easy to cut, easy and quick to lay with little waste, the cost of work is minimized Durability - 50 years. Fire safety - G1.
An example is Foamboard-5000 from FASAD STROY (Russia), in sheets with a thickness of 2, 3.5 cm. The reduction index of the reduced level of impact noise is 25 dB. Price (2 cm) -1.1 USD / m2.
Another example: extruded polystyrene foam brand FOMBORD; polystyrene extrusion plates "TISplex" (TU 2244-009-55182353-2007).
Also apply cushioning materialstype "Shumanet-100". With a thickness of 3 mm when laying under a screed with a thickness of 60 mm, the reduction index of the reduced level of impact noise is 23 dB. The material "Shumanet-100C" with a thickness of 5 mm has an index of reduced impact noise of 27 dB. The material "Shumostop - C2" made of staple fiberglass with a thickness of 20 mm has an impact noise reduction index of 42 dB. When laying against walls, it is recommended to leave gaps of 10-15 mm to ensure the removal of moisture.
Note: When insulating impact noise, the thickness of the ceiling must be taken into account. In elite housing, the rate of the impact noise reduction index is 55 dB. If the floor slab has a thickness of at least 200 mm (index - 74 dB), then a substrate with an index of 20 dB is sufficient. If the ceilings are thinner, then the sound insulation must be reinforced.
Impact sound protection option: create a multi-layer structure - .
The floating floor structure is a layer of sound-absorbing material covered with a concrete screed with a thickness of at least 6 cm; substrate and finish.
Values impact noise reduction index Lnware quite high for thin (3-4 mm) cushioning materials of the substrate. To block access airborne noise, a layer of sound-absorbing material (e.g. mineral wool) with a thickness of at least 50 mm is required.
The soundproofing substrate can be made of various materials.
There are also ready-made floating floor structures, they have among the layers a polystyrene sheet with a thickness of 20-30 mm, their impact noise reduction index Lnw is 20-30 dB.
Noise isolation of structural noise
To avoid transmitting structure-borne noise over load-bearing structures use cushioning material to protect the joints of load-bearing elements.
fiberglass
Isolation of structural noise is provided due to the elastic properties of the porous-fibrous structure of the material. Gaskets are used in building structures during the installation of the ZIPS panel system, frame soundproof partitions and cladding, as well as wooden floors and overlays. When installing ZIPS sandwich panels, the gasket is laid in two layers at the points of their support on the floor, as well as at the points of contact of the panels with the side walls and ceiling. During installation frame partitions and cladding gaskets are used between frame profiles, fasteners and load-bearing building structures, at the junction of sheathing sheets of a partition or cladding to other building structures. When installing wooden floors and floors, it is laid under the logs and under the floor beams in the places of their support on the walls. In this case, the width of the strip of material on each side must be 10 mm greater than the width of the log or beam. The ends of the beams resting on the walls must also be isolated from hard contact with other building structures using gaskets.
Examples: tape gasket for structural noise insulation Vibrostek M. Impact noise reduction index - up to 29 dB . Cost: 6 USD/m2.
Other examples: soundproofing substrate VIBROSTEK-V300 is used as an elastic soundproofing substrate; Fiberglass PSH-T 550 used in individual construction. Mats MTP-AS-30 / 50 stitched from super-thin fiberglass.
Vibroacoustic sealant
Provides high vibration isolation of joints between building structures, reduces the spread of structural noise through them. It is used for filling joints in floating floor structures, ZIPS panel system, framed soundproof partitions and claddings. The material does not cause metal corrosion, it adheres well to most building materials - concrete, brick, plaster, glass, enamel, metals, ceramics, plastics, varnished or painted wood. Resistant to UV radiation. The cured sealant is odorless and safe to handle. But while working with it, you need to avoid getting the sealant into the eyes and skin, and work in ventilated areas.
Examples: vibrosealant Vibrosil, designed for sealing joints and connections in soundproof structures. The cost of a 300 ml cartridge is $5.5/m2.
Other examples: Sealant Bostic 3070 from cork chips (Schrot) and elastic binder; Vibroacoustic sealant SYLOMER; vibration-absorbing mastic.
Elastomeric materials
Elastomeric materials have been developed to reduce the level of noise and vibration transmitted from various sources to elements of building structures, as well as to protect premises from structural noise coming from outside. Elastomeric gaskets are used along the perimeter of the doors to isolate them from structure-borne noise, providing high level sound absorption. The gasket adheres well to most materials: wood, plastic, metal. The term of work is up to 7 years. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is up to 22 dB.
Examples: gaskets with a self-adhesive base Varnamo (Sweden) made of EPDM foam rubber. Gaskets are available in packages of various lengths: 6, 16 and 24 meters. The cost of the tape 6 m - 1.8 dollars.
Other examples: Elastomeric vibration damping plates (VEP) according to TU 2534-001-32461352-2002; ArmaSound - an elastomeric sound insulator manufactured by Armacell (Germany); SYLOMER® from the Austrian company Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH are microporous polyurethane elastomers with a mixed cellular structure.
Silica fiber cushioning material
It is used in sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structures where there are high requirements for fire safety. Silica fiber products have good environmental performance: they do not contain carcinogenic, asbestos and ceramic fibers, as well as thin fibers with a diameter of less than 6 microns, and do not pose a danger to breathing. Silica fiber material is used at the joints of the load-bearing elements of the building structure.
Examples: rolled silica fiber Supersil 6 mm thick. Impact noise reduction index Lnw 27 dB . Cost - 9 dollars / meter
Other examples: Vibrosil-K (Russia); trademarks Supersil, Supersilika and Silibas (Russia); Ekowoo silica fiber mats.
It should be noted that not all manufacturers provide enough information on the materials they produce, so we considered only those brands for which information is available. We are also unable to verify the reliability of this information, therefore, it is on the conscience of the manufacturers.
I would like to note that the presence of the highest quality soundproofing materials in your home does not guarantee sound comfort. It is very important to arrange them correctly in desired design, so you should invite acoustic specialists who will create a comfortable sound atmosphere for you.
Attention: Prices are valid for 2009.
To provide good level comfort, both life and work, it is very important to create a pleasant sound environment. To solve this problem, use soundproofing materials. They are widely represented in the construction market. You can choose a solution according to any parameters: place of application, cost, scope of work, etc. Moreover, in a number of materials sound insulation combined with thermal insulation or waterproofing, which is very convenient.
Soundproof materials
Installation of soundproofing walls can be done by yourself, although it is better to turn to teams specializing in this. Also, given that soundproofing work requires rather dirty processes, you should try to install soundproofing even at the stage of preparing the room for finishing.
There are several types of noise that can be grouped into two groups:
- Airborne noise. These are sounds that are carried through the air: screams, conversation, laughter, music. Such noise comes from neighbors through small gaps and cracks in walls and ceilings, as well as through open windows;
- impact noise. These are sounds that are carried along hard floors and walls. Otherwise, shock noises are also called vibrations. Such sounds are especially irritating and unpleasant: perforator drilling; subwoofer; slamming doors; stomp; jumping.
To measure airborne or impact sound, special equipment is required. There are various models of such devices: from professional expensive ones to household ones with quite affordable price up to 2000 rub. Regardless of the cost, the principle of operation of noise measuring instruments is the same. Converting vibrations of the trapping membrane into electric current. The greater the amplitude of oscillations, the more amperes are generated. The final data is displayed on the scoreboard.
Noise level tester According to SNiPs, the acceptable noise level in residential buildings during the daytime (from 7:00 to 23:00) is 40 decibels (dB), which is comparable in volume to a normal conversation.
The upper noise threshold for this time should not exceed 55 dB, which is comparable to the volume level of a typewriter or light clapping of the palm on the table. At night in residential buildings, the upper sound threshold is set at 40 dB, but the recommended noise level is 20-25 dB (whisper volume).
Often these requirements are not achievable. And often not because of someone's malicious intent, but because of the features of the house: thin walls, thin partitions, through holes for electrical boxes and sockets, and much more. If vibration insulation in the house does not meet the desired, then best solution there will be installation of special soundproof structures or materials.
Materials for sound insulation must be selected based on how high-quality sound insulation of walls is required. Preference, ceteris paribus, is usually given to those materials whose sound insulation index is higher. The sound insulation coefficient, sound insulation index or impact sound reduction index is a qualitative indicator that reflects how many dB the impact noise transmitted through walls and ceilings will be reduced.
Soundproofing materials
Soundproof materials are of the following types:
- soundproof acoustic sealant;
- soundproof boards made of polyurethane foam;
- soundproof underlays for floor coverings;
- soundproof floor panels;
- sound-absorbing linoleum;
- soundproofing tape for vibration damping;
- soundproof sealant;
- soundproof foam rubber;
- non-combustible sound-absorbing mineral wool boards;
- soundproof panels;
- self-adhesive roll material from impact noise based on bitumen;
- soundproofing mats for floating floors;
- soundproofing base for floating floors;
- vibration-damping and sound-absorbing mastic;
- sprayed liquid sound insulation based on cellulose;
- soundproof foam;
- cork pads.
Let's consider some of them:
Shumoplast
Mixture of elastic material granules, rubber additive and acrylic-based binder. This soundproofing material is specifically designed to create a dampening base for "floating" floors. Does its job excellently. The best material for rooms of complex shape. Also, Shumoplast is indispensable when working in large rooms.
Impact noise reduction index from 24 to 32 dB
Pros:
- allows you to refuse laying a waterproofing layer;
- shrinkage no more than 5% under a load of 5 kPa;
- allows local unevenness of the floor surface up to 15 mm;
- long service life;
- does not lose soundproof properties during operation;
- simplicity and high speed of application;
- environmental friendliness.
Minuses:
- drying takes time (about a day).
Soundproof foam rubber
Represents the made foam polyurethane of a special form. The material is used when sound insulation and sound absorption of both noises penetrating into the room and emanating from it are required. Foam rubber is glued to the walls and ceilings of rooms, recording studios, cinemas to create better acoustics. It is also possible to create special mobile soundproof panels from soundproof foam rubber. Acoustic foam rubber is mounted on the surface with glue. Some manufacturers have a self-adhesive film on the back of the material.
Pros:
- mounted in an open way;
- elastic and flexible;
- efficient material.
Minuses:
- requires careful operation;
- melts when burning with the formation of toxic smoke;
- destroyed by heat and ultraviolet radiation.
Soundproof foam rubber Teksound
Soundproofing material made on a mineral basis. Rolled sound insulation with a high mass density and. The thickness of the material (4 mm) allows it to be used for walls and ceilings.
Impact noise reduction index up to 28 dB
Pros:
- decay resistance;
- flexibility and elasticity;
- easy and simple to fit;
- does not change the soundproofing properties during operation;
- low combustible material, self-extinguishing.
Minuses:
- not enough cheap sound insulation;
- when mounted on concrete, it requires a mandatory substrate.
Teksound Acoustic decorative plate Audek
Soundproof panels are perforated. They combine good sound insulation and decorative trim. Outside, they are sheathed with natural veneer, the color of which can be chosen based on the requirements of the design project. Plates are intended, first of all, for sound absorption of noises from within the room. Installation of soundproofing walls Audek is carried out very quickly.
Sound absorption coefficient up to 0.95
Pros:
- environmental friendliness;
- efficiency
- ease of installation.
Minuses:
- high price.
Audek panels Isoplast
Softwood soundproofing material. Well restrains noise, gives a heat-insulating effect. Can be used as soundproofing under plaster.
Pros:
- environmental friendliness;
- ease of installation.
Minuses:
- high price.
Isoplast Mineral wool
A natural material based on basalt, which is also called stone wool. Has a high density. Manufacturing technology is similar to glass wool. Soundproofing materials of this type combine sound insulation and heat insulation well.
Impact noise reduction index up to 30 dB
Pros:
- withstands temperatures up to 550˚С;
- does not contain formaldehyde resins;
- during installation does not require crates;
- environmentally friendly;
- durable;
- shrinkage resistant;
Minuses:
- absorbs moisture, requires mandatory waterproofing.
Mineral wool Soundproof membrane
Thin soundproofing made of natural mineral substance and binding polymer. Soundproof film can be used on all types of surfaces to which it is attached with glue.
Impact noise reduction index up to 22 dB
Pros:
- operating temperature range from -60˚С to +180;
- high tear resistance;
- elasticity;
- environmental friendliness;
- durability;
- does not break when bent up to -20˚С;
Minuses:
- high price.
Soundproof membrane Soundproof plaster
Effective at a thickness of at least 2 cm
Pros:
- speeds up the repair process;
- aligns the walls;
- environmentally friendly;
- large operating temperature range.
Minuses:
- inefficiency in suppressing external noise;
- the need to apply in several layers
- high price.
Soundproof plaster Shumoizol
Two-layer material produced in rolls. It consists of a non-woven fabric - the base and a bituminous layer. Excellent vibration isolation. This thin soundproofing, due to its good sound-absorbing properties and resistance to compression, can be used even with a frameless one (a method when the metal profile is not exposed, and the plasterboards are attached directly to the wall).
Impact noise reduction index up to 27 dB
Pros:
- combines soundproofing and waterproofing properties;
- elastic and flexible;
- eco-friendly;
- durability.
Minuses:
- high price.
Shumoizol Cork
Natural material from extruded cork chips. Holds sound and heat very well. Available in sheets, panels, rolls, etc.
Impact noise reduction index for material thickness 3 mm - 18 dB
Pros:
- ease of installation;
- does not absorb liquid;
- environmentally friendly;
- durable;
- decorative;
- well retains not only sound, but also heat;
- efficiency.
Minuses:
- care is required during installation, as the material may tear;
- high price.
Cork Soundproof
Roll material, a combination of foamed polyethylene foam and a bituminous layer.
Impact noise reduction index up to 23 dB
Pros:
- combines waterproofing and soundproofing properties;
- elastic and flexible;
- eco-friendly;
- operating temperature range from -25˚С to +85˚С;
- durability;
- low cost.
Minuses:
- not identified.
Soundproof Specialized types of sound insulation
There are many types of soundproofing materials. Some of them are used exclusively in construction and decoration, and some are universal.
A separate section highlights automotive noise insulation. Materials that are used on car bodies can also be used in construction.
So, for example, automotive vibration-damping mastic is perfect if you need to reduce the volume of a tin roof and walls of a metal corrugated shed. The mastic is applied with a brush or, if the consistency allows, with a spray gun. It dries quickly and dampens noise and vibration quite well.
Another good soundproofing solution in an apartment, which is borrowed from the automotive world, is vibration-damping materials such as Vibroplast or the like. Sheet and roll materials are made on a bitumen basis, akin to Shumaizol or Soundizol. An important difference is that Vibroplast is self-adhesive. It is very easy to mount it - you just need to peel off the protective layer and press the sheet against the surface to be insulated. Convenient solution for vibration isolation small areas. For example, this way you can improve or a balcony door.
To create a practically soundproof house, it will not be enough to use only one of the materials listed. On each element of the structure, some of their own decisions will be appropriate and effective. It is best if a combination of several materials is used: for vibration absorption, sound insulation and sound absorption.
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