Roofs of private houses: how to make the right choice. A variety of types of roofs by design for private houses Types and samples of roofs

In the modern concept, the roof of a house is not only a cover, protection from snow, sun or rain. Now the roof is an architectural continuation of the building, capable of emphasizing its individuality and originality, changing the visual perception of the house. It should also be noted that the type of roof will affect the internal atmosphere, comfort and coziness.

Be that as it may, but first of all, the roof must be reliable, because beauty will not save you from snow or rain. In general, there are many types of roofs, but we will only talk about the most popular, reliable and practical options that are best used when building a private house.

If we consider all the roofs as a whole, then they can be safely divided into two categories: flat and pitched. Both one and the other have both advantages and disadvantages.

Flat roof

Flat roof although it is popular, it does not always find a place for itself in residential housing construction. The main disadvantage is the lack of slope, and, consequently, the constant accumulation of snow and melt water on its surface. Because of this, the life of a flat roof is drastically reduced, thus it looks less acceptable in comparison with a pitched roof structure. Often a flat roof is used only when its surface will be used (placing a front garden, pool or terrace).

pitched roof

pitched roof much more preferable, because precipitation practically does not linger on its surface. In general, this type of roof is more reliable and attractive. Under such a roof, you can equip an attic space in the attic. The only drawback that you will have to face is the increased cost of building this type of roof and the difficulty of repairing it.

Roof with attic

Roof with attic very easy to build and install, you can build it yourself. The angle of inclination of the attic roof directly depends on what material is used for its roofing. You also need to take into account the maximum load placed on the roof, the cost of its construction and materials. It is convenient to repair such a roof, but even at the initial stages it is necessary to choose the optimal roofing material. An important point will be the decision on the attic, whether it will be used as a living space or not. Depending on this, the height of the ceiling, its quality and the materials used for its construction, as well as what the roofing pie, heat and waterproofing should be, will be decided.

Atticless (mansard)

Atticless (mansard) roof differs in that the outer mills will be the roof surfaces located at a sharp angle. This roof is interesting from the outside, but the usable area of the attic will be slightly reduced, since a good roof fastening is needed. It is almost impossible to build such a roof on your own, it is better to involve professionals.

In most cases, a roof without an attic has a break, therefore, special support systems are installed from the inside, which reduce the useful area of the attic. Having imagination and design ideas, the supports can be sheathed with plywood, and then make niches and cabinets for seasonal items there.

shed roof

shed roof - cheap and easy to install option. In fact, this is a kind of flat roof mounted on walls of different heights. It is thanks to this that a natural slope of the roof is created at a certain angle to one side. This roof is convenient and practical, but it is very boring in appearance, and you can’t equip an attic under it.

gable roof

gable roof - the most popular option in villages and small towns. This roof is one of the oldest, but is still relevant today. It is based on two slopes connected at the top by a “ridge”. A gable roof can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. In general, this is a very convenient and practical option, an ideal solution for those who want to equip the attic.

hip roof

hip roof - a kind of hipped roof. The two slopes of this roof are trapezoidal, and the end planes (hips) are triangular. It is much more difficult to create and build such a roof, so it is better to turn to professionals. The advantage of the roof lies in its operational characteristics, because it is very resistant to the vagaries of the weather.

Half hip roof

Half hip roof - this is something between a hip and a gable roof. The lateral planes are truncated - they have a semi-hinged shape, their length is 2-3 times less than the main planes. Vertical windows can be placed on the pediment of the building, and half-hips will become a decorative element.

Shatrovaya

Shatrovaya - the design of this roof has 3 or more slopes that are assembled at one top point. There is no “ridge” in the hipped roof, and the symmetry of the slopes pleasantly surprises. If the house has regular geometric shapes (square, polygon), then a hipped roof will be the best solution. It is resistant to winds, original in appearance and able to reliably protect the house.

Multi-gable roof

Multi-gable roof - the most difficult, expensive, but at the same time interesting option. Ideal for polygonal houses where you want to create something special. The truss system of a multi-gable roof is difficult to implement, so the involvement of professional builders and architects is a must here. If everything goes well, then eventually it will be possible to get a dream home.

broken roof

broken roof - a kind of mansard roof, because it is under it that an attic is often equipped. The upper part has a small angle of inclination, after which there is a break and the angle increases sharply, thereby the usable attic area will practically not be affected, and its side walls will be reliably protected.

Conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs - this is a very rare occurrence, because almost no one uses them. This type of roof is not easy to use, it is difficult to repair them. It is best to use them only as separate elements that can be used to cover round verandas or create decorative towers.

Combined roof

Combined roof - difficult, but possible. This roof often combines such types of roofs as hipped, hip and multi-gable. It is logical that it is too difficult to calculate and build such a roof, so a professional architect must be involved to implement the project. By creating a combined roof, you can surprise your friends, envy your neighbors and delight your loved ones. Having built such a roof, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is difficult to maintain it, and it is also necessary to spend capital on the implementation of this project, whether it is worth it only for the owner of the home to decide.

The roofs of private houses are one of the fundamental elements of the entire structure. A spectacular, appropriately designed roof is the calling card of the house, a measure of the taste of the owners. An important supporting structure, it is designed to protect housing from the vagaries of the weather and maintain a comfortable temperature and humidity. Modern construction offers all kinds of roofs for a private house. All of them can become a reliable, stable and durable solution, provided that the loads on the structure are correctly calculated and the appropriate building materials are selected.

The roof as a calling card Source freepvpgame.com

The main types of roofs

The main division of roofs into types is made depending on the appearance, and even the naked eye of a non-professional can distinguish one type of roof from another.

flat

Modern fashion trends have made flat roofs a popular trend in private construction. Roofs of this type are soft, have a slope of up to 3 °. They can be a worthy option for many reasons:

Due to the minimum area, significant savings are achieved on materials, construction and installation work and construction time. The same can be said about subsequent maintenance and repair.
Such a roof is an additional multifunctional area. Here you can install an antenna, an air conditioning system or solar panels. The roof makes it possible to equip a sports ground, a place for comfortable rest and sunbathing, to break a flower garden.

The main disadvantage is the small slope angle. In areas with snowy winters, a large amount of snow can accumulate on such a roof, sufficient to damage the structure. With warming, there is a high probability of leaks, but this is mainly a feature of buildings, during the construction of which the construction technology was violated.

On a flat roof you can place a recreation area Source krovlyaikrysha.ru

pitched

Pitched roof - with sloped surfaces that allow the roof to self-clean naturally. The slope of the slopes is characterized by an angle to the horizon; it can vary from 5° to 70°.

Pitched roof types of roofs of private houses make it possible to use the attic space for household needs and as an attic. The design of a pitched roof depends both on the architecture of the building and the material for the finishing coating, and on the climate.

There are various pitched roofs of houses, varieties are grouped according to the shape and number of slopes:

Shed. Such structures rest on walls of different heights. Simple, cheap and durable option.
gable. They allow you to equip an attic or attic, they remove precipitation well. Practical and common.
Four slope. The most durable and reliable. But the heavy weight of the roof requires strengthening the supporting structure.
Tent, design. The most unusual and costly options.

hipped roof; ideal for a house in the form of a square or a regular polygon Source happymodern.ru

spherical

Interest in spherical structures is consistently high. In addition to the original appearance, they attract with additional advantages:

Streamlined shape. Avoids direct wind pressure, which is a guarantee of strength and integrity.
Tightness. Provided with roofing material (usually galvanized steel).
Ease of maintenance. Snow and water do not accumulate on the surface.

Online roof calculator

To find out the approximate cost of various types of roofing, use the following calculator.:

Optimal slope angles for roofs

Professional builders know that the angles of inclination for roofs are selected based on the upcoming operating conditions. When determining the optimal angle of inclination of the roof, several factors are taken into account:

Natural (climatic) factors

A properly designed roof must withstand the wind and precipitation typical of the area.

In areas with snowy winters, a large angle of inclination of the roof is set (45-60 °); so the snow melts smoothly, the likelihood of glaciation decreases.
In order for the structure to survive in areas with strong winds, the slope angle is made minimal. To reduce windage, choose a range of 9-20 °.
In the southern regions, where sunny weather prevails, the best option would be a flat roof, with a slope of 3-5 ° (for water to drain). Compared to other types of roofs, it will heat up less.
The optimal slope angle is considered to be from 20 to 45 °.

Snow does not accumulate on a properly made roof. Source nagradi.me

Type of roofing material

The minimum slope angle of the slopes depends on the choice of roofing.

Slate coating, tiles. Moisture will not accumulate and seep with a minimum roof slope of 22° (for tiles) and 30° for slate.
Ruberoid, euroroofing material. The number of layers determines the value of the parameter. For a roof of 2 layers, a slope of 15 ° is required, for 3 - 5 ° is enough.
Professional sheet. The minimum allowable roof pitch is 12°.
Metal tile. The minimum roof pitch is limited to 14°.
Ondulin. The minimum indicator is 6 °.
Soft tiles. Mounted with a slope of 11°.
Roof coverings of membrane type. Set the minimum slope within 3-5 °.

Video description

What should be the roof - in the video:

Frame structural differences - popular configurations

Despite the high interest in flat roofs, the leader in popularity is still pitched roofs, which, with some stretch, include hipped roofs. Therefore, when determining the optimal design, it is preferable to choose from the following options:

Shed

This design is an inclined plane, which is based on external load-bearing walls of different heights. It is supplied with outbuildings (garage, veranda, barn). Its advantages are ease of installation, cost-effectiveness and ease of repair. Disadvantages: the choice of such a roof excludes the construction of an attic; strong winds can tear even a well-fixed roof. But modern materials significantly increase both the beauty and the strength of the shed roofs of private houses - the photo below shows one of the solutions that allows you to make a two-story house with an attic.

Shed roof in a modern style Source houzz.es

gable

Classic variants of the roof of a private house, reliably protecting from bad weather in various climatic conditions. Such designs are easy to install and reliable in operation; for the roof, you can choose any material. The basis is made up of 2 slopes (slope), based on two walls of equal height.

Another name for a gable roof is a gable roof (a gable is a plane between the slopes).

Advantages:

Self-cleaning from snow, little chance of leakage.
Large selection of available materials in the manufacture.
The possibility of arranging an attic space.

Flaws:

Difficult installation due to the slope of the roof.
A weak structural element is the valley (the inner corner at the junction of the slopes), which accounts for the maximum climatic impact.

Source vermonttimberworks.com

Combined (multipliers)

Multi-forceps (valley) frameworks are among the most complex. The need for such a configuration arises if the layout of the building does not allow the use of a simpler design. The features of multi-forced forms are:

Difficult installation of additional crossings, requiring professional knowledge and good weather.
Additional costs of materials and time, a large amount of waste material.
To eliminate problems with the appearance of condensate, high-quality steam and waterproofing is carried out, high-quality ventilation is equipped.

Hip and semi-hip

The hip roof consists of four surfaces (slopes). Two large slopes have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, two lateral ones are triangular (hips). In semi-hip roofs (they are also called Dutch), the hip takes on a truncated form, which is why overhangs with a small overhang and a smaller angle of inclination are formed at the ends of the building.

Such types of roofing for the roof of a private house are difficult to design and install (they require reinforcement of the truss system), but they are economical in terms of material consumption; they justify themselves in northern regions with strong winds.

Source roofsrustulsa.com

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair and design services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Tent

The roof consists of slopes in the form of isosceles triangles converging at one point. Such a construction, which involves the construction of an attic floor, is difficult to design; mitigating circumstance - a minimum of consumables. The aerodynamic shape of the roof helps to resist the winds.

A special class of roofs are round (dome) roofs, repeating the shape of a figure of rotation. Similar roofs can be seen on places of worship; they are installed in stadiums, swimming pools, industrial buildings, verandas and winter gardens, and increasingly in private construction.

vaulted (arched)

A vaulted (arched) roof can be designed over an attic room, a hall, a winter garden or an entrance. At the base is placed a supporting structure made of metal, concrete or wood. The coating is galvanized steel, shingles (shingles), glass, polycarbonate, transparent slate. Such a solution is practical and original; the coating is wind resistant, and the use of a transparent material saves energy.

Source superfb.site

Geodetic

A conventional domed roof is created on the basis of a curved frame.

Geodesic domed roof allows you to get a spherical structure without the use of rafters and vertical stops. The frame is assembled from triangular elements assembled from bars. Between themselves, the bars are connected by metal connectors; a connecting beam is mounted between the rows.

To design the structure, a 3D modeling computer program is required. Compared to a pitched roof, the consumption of materials is on average one third less.

Features of mansard roofs

For several centuries, since the invention in France, mansard roofs have been invariably popular. An attic is usually called an attic space adapted (or planned) for living.

Types of roofs of private houses with an attic please with variety. All kinds of types are suitable for arranging attics - gable, hip, hipped, domed. There is enough space in the attic attic to create a living room, a training room, a library or a winter garden. Since the attic room is located in the upper part of the building, it requires a special approach:

Loss of heat from lower living spaces causes condensation to form on the inside of the roof. The design must provide for careful vapor and waterproofing, as well as ventilation.
The attic room has no internal walls, it is in full contact with the external environment. Actual for the room is thermal insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam. For interior decoration, natural wood is best suited.

Source julifecer.com

Cladding materials

The use of one or another type of material for roofing is primarily due to the climatic features of the region. Even the traditional "issue price" often gives in to common sense - no one has yet been able to save on the quality of the roof. The most popular materials are traditionally:

Tiling (metal, bitumen or ceramic)

Metal shingles are a popular option, valued for their durability, low price, and ability to withstand impact, which is especially valuable when loading and transporting. The metal tile is lightweight (does not create pressure on the foundation), and is easily attached. The disadvantage is uneconomical installation (a significant percentage goes to waste) and poor sound insulation, which becomes noticeable in any rain.
Bituminous (flexible) tile. This coating has high sound and heat insulation, but requires professional installation.
Natural (ceramic) tiles. Time-tested material with the advantages of metal tiles, except for one. Significant weight requires a reinforced roof.

Tiles can be laid on the roof of any shape Source dnolchare.blogspot.com

Slate

Slate is the most affordable material containing up to 15% asbestos. This limits the scope of its application to buildings for economic purposes. Slate has great strength in bending and impact; it is non-flammable and easily processed (cut by a grinder). The disadvantages are fragility, high hygroscopicity (it can become covered with moss over time) and a health hazard.

glass roof

The glass roof (especially its spectacular version - panoramic) attracts with many advantages. In addition to the original appearance, this design perfectly protects from the weather and reduces energy bills. The main disadvantage is its cost, including the complexity of design and installation. In addition, in the summer the room turns into a greenhouse, and in order not to look sloppy, the glass roof needs regular cleaning.

"Green" roof

The growing attention to environmental issues has generated interest in the green roof. Modern technical solutions developed in the Scandinavian countries make it possible to realize the desire to communicate with nature more often.

Log cabin with eco-roof Source pinterest.com

During installation, layers of hydro- and thermal insulation are laid on the roof with a waterproof membrane that protects the roof from roots. Then a drainage layer is formed and, finally, a vegetation layer (soil) on which plants can be planted.

Eco-roof serves not only as a decorative element. It maintains a stable microclimate in the house, protects against noise and reduces the load on the sewer (by absorbing rainwater). At the same time, significant expenses for organization and time for subsequent care are inevitable.

Another green roof option Source pfpi-co.com

Beautiful and original roof projects: photo and video

Video description

See interesting types of roofs of private houses in the following video:

And more original varieties of roofs of houses in the photo:

Symbiosis of a flat and pitched roof of a high-tech house Source viendoraglass.com

An interesting design solution for a pitched roof Source remontbp.com

A window in the attic at one time was a difficult technical task Source superdom.ua

The absence of a ceiling visually enlarges the room Source music4good.ru

Conical and pitched roofs on the same house Source cosmictherap.com

The manufacture of such structures should be trusted exclusively to professionals. Source horodom.cx.ua

Source weareart.ru

For such beauty to remain functional, careful calculations are required. Source roofcostestimator.com

The classic solution for a two-story house Source za.pinterest.com

In such a design, it is very important to correctly make the junction points of the roof of the first floor to the walls. Source houzz.com

Classic gable roof, but assembled on several levels. Source houzz.com

Four-pitched roof with an additional canopy over the terrace and a skylight Source casacom.pro

Source pinterest.com

In such structures, it is necessary to carefully calculate the possibility of shrinkage of the building. Source pinterest.com

A large window in the attic provides good lighting in the room. Source houzbuzz.com

An original design that requires careful windage calculations Source pinterest.com

"Modified" classic gable roof Source dom-izhevsk.ru

What is interesting here is not so much the design as the material of the cladding. Source superfb.site

An example of arranging a flat roof as an outdoor recreation area Source michalschein.com

The ideal solution for a roof over the pool - if necessary, the area is completely closed Source rus-teplitsa.ru

Conclusion

Starting the construction of a private house, the owner wants to choose a roof that is not only aesthetically perfect, but also reliable, able to last for a long time. This choice is not always unambiguous, each option has pros and cons. To make the right decision, it is not enough just to know the types of roofs and their names - you should consider a set of issues, including design features and the general architecture of the building, climatic conditions and, of course, personal preferences.

The roof is considered as important in the construction of the house as the foundation and walls. It belongs to the load-bearing structures, therefore, it must meet a number of requirements: to be strong, reliable, durable, well insulated, have good heat and sound insulation. Which roofs of houses to choose is the prerogative of the poor homeowner. The main thing here is not to make a mistake in the choice. The roof must also correspond, according to the type of forms, to be fireproof.

To make it easier to fulfill these requirements, before creating a house project, you need to select a shape in advance, calculate the height, and select the appropriate materials for its construction.

What forms are there?

There are several types of roofing. The choice should be based on design features:

Shed. One roofing plane, based on two outer walls of unequal height. It is used for utility rooms (barn) and garages.
gable. It has 2 planes, which, as in the first case, rest on 2 external wall structures, but of the same height. The planes are projected at a certain angle with respect to each other.
hip. It has slopes on the end side in the shape of a triangle. The side walls also look like a truncated triangle or a trapezoid.
Half hip. Consists of 2 slopes. The end surfaces are triangular in shape.
broken line. A very complex roof model. At the bottom, the slopes are triangular, at the top they are connected, and always at an obtuse angle.
Shatrovaya. It is also not without difficulties. This is a quadrangular structure with 4 slopes of the same size.
cruciform. Used when the house has a complex shape. A design engineer should do calculations and a project in this type. This is explained by the fact that the cruciform shape of the roof provides for the calculation and installation of grooves. It is important to place them correctly in the design. Otherwise, leaks cannot be avoided.

There are many types of roofs. Here you need to learn not only to choose the shape, but also to correctly calculate the design of the roof. Only then will the roof perform the functions that are assigned to it.

Why do you need to calculate the height and how to do it correctly?

The roof is that part of the house that is most often exposed to atmospheric phenomena. With an incorrectly chosen angle of inclination, and, accordingly, the height, there are risks that, due to exposure to strong winds and precipitation, its integrity will be compromised. You will have to carry out repairs to the roof to fix problems - this is at best. At worst, you will have to build it from scratch.

The role of height indicators

You can not neglect the standards when creating a project. The reliability of the structure and the health of those who will live there depend on this. The following are a number of arguments that can 100% confirm the correctness of the foregoing and the significance of the correct calculation of the roof height for the construction of the house:

Reliability and durability. A correctly calculated and selected height will allow the roof to be resistant to external, weather influences, resistance to increased loads, for example, roofing, insulation.
Aesthetics. Appearance plays an important role. If its height does not correspond to the design of the house, then such a roof will not look aesthetically pleasing.
Convenience. With the right height, you can build an attic.

The highest point is called the ridge. This is the point where all the inclined planes of the roof meet. If its height is chosen incorrectly, then there is a risk that the roof will not last the period for which the calculation of the owner of the house was set. The height parameters of the ridge must strictly correspond to the technological process.

How to calculate roof height?

Video tutorial on finding

What determines the height of the skate?

An important parameter in the calculation is the slope angle. There is a list of factors on which it is based mainly on atmospheric influences. :

winds, if they often rage in the region, then the slope angle should be 10-20 degrees;
precipitation in areas where they fall abundantly above 45 degrees;
snow - in very snowy winters, the angle of inclination can be similar to the previous paragraph.

Advice

More detailed regulatory data can be taken from the requirements of SNiP 2301-99.

The choice of height according to the type of roof

Here, height calculations are carried out taking into account the type of coverage:

If there are many piece elements in the materials for roofs, the angle of inclination should be chosen as large as possible.
If the roof structure is low, the joints should be kept to a minimum.
For very heavy roofing masses, the largest angle of inclination is selected so that the weight can be evenly distributed over the entire surface.

Calculation parameters taking into account the width of the building

Here, the cross section of the structure is represented as an equilateral triangle. Where the height parameter is the leg. Further, the calculation is carried out as follows:

When purchasing roofing, you need to pay attention to weight. For example, let's compare two popular types - metal and ceramic tiles. The latter is 10 times heavier than the first. And this plays a significant role in the design of rafters.

Many buyers make the mistake of buying cheaper coverage - it is often of poor quality, which means it will not last long.

What materials can be used?

The list of coatings for arranging roofs is quite wide. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Roofing materials

Ceramic tile

Produced for a long time - more than 100 years. Significantly improves the appearance of the facade in comparison with the clay counterpart. Counts:

Reliable coverage.
Has a long service life.
Characterized by high strength.
Not affected by humidity.
Provides absolute UV protection.

With all the advantages, it also has several disadvantages:

high cost;
a large mass.

Ondulin

Enjoys a reputation. Occupies positions in terms of quality and consumer demand:

reliable;
moisture resistant;
lasting;
protects against UV;
tolerates high loads;
resistant to mechanical stress;
endowed with waterproofing properties;
fireproof;
not subject to corrosion;
has good flexibility.

It is installed on the flooring, installed from the rack strips.

Slate

The cheapest roofing material:

service life - 40 years or more;
moisture resistant;
withstands mechanical stress;
well withstands high loads, for example, a snow layer.

Flaws:

In the process of long-term operation, its edges begin to crumble;
In places where it is constantly shaded, lichen begins to appear.

Decking

Roofers often work with this material, referring to the fact that it is reliable and very durable. Compared to metal tiles, it has wider sheets, as well as:

small specific gravity;
high strength indicators;
considered an environmentally friendly coating;
has a wide selection of colors;
it can be installed in all weather conditions.

How to choose a professional flooring?

What to pay attention to?

Flaws:

makes a lot of noise if it rains;
complex roof shapes require a lot of material;
subject to corrosion during operation;
places of drilling or cuts need additional processing;
requires laying a hydrolayer to prevent condensate;
requires additional insulation.

Flexible roof tiles

Seamless coating based on glass fibers impregnated with bitumen. The outer part is processed with basalt, painted in different colors:

has high strength;
endowed with good sound and heat insulation properties;
provides excellent sealing.

From this list, you can choose any roofing material. Which one will be the best choice for you.

The choice of insulation - which is better?

When choosing a good insulation, refer not only to the cost, but also to the technical and operational characteristics. And also the difficulty in installation. Laying insulation can be done with your own hands, although in some cases you will need to use special equipment. Criteria for choosing a good insulation:

thermal conductivity coefficient - the smaller it is, the better;
moisture resistance;
lifetime;
stability of forms and appearance;
heat insulator weight;
resistance to low temperatures;
soundproof properties;
environmental friendliness.

Advantage Features:

high coefficient of thermal insulation;
price;
mineral wool does not burn;
environmental friendliness;
ease of installation;
biostability - does not undergo putrefactive phenomena, it will not be damaged by rodents or insects;
has good vapor permeability;
sound insulation coefficient is high;
does not lose shape.

Roof insulation

What is needed for this?

When installing mineral wool insulation, it is imperative to provide vapor barrier and waterproofing layers. And also take care of the organization of ventilation gaps. This will prevent condensation from forming. If this is not done, then the rafters will begin to rot over time.

glass wool

In terms of its thermal insulation properties, it is close to mineral wool; it has been used as a heat insulator for a long time. Made from fused glass. It goes on sale in roll form, is characterized as a good, environmentally friendly and non-combustible material.

When using this insulation, you should protect your hands, body and eyes with special equipment. During installation, observe the laying technology.

If glass wool is bought without a foil outer coating (this is an improved type that many manufacturers have been using lately), then care should be taken to lay a vapor barrier layer from the same foil.

Styrofoam

It is also used very often in the insulation of walls and as a heat insulator for the roof:

It is characterized as a material with high thermal insulation properties.
Resistant to moisture.
It does not absorb steam, which means it can be laid directly on the waterproofing, no need to organize an air gap.

When laying polystyrene foam in pitched roof shapes, it is imperative to ensure that the edges of the material fit snugly against it. Seams after installation must be treated with mounting foam.

The material is combustible and vapor-tight, which means it cannot be used in the insulation of flat roofs.

polyurethane foam

Also good for roof insulation. The list of its advantages includes:

low thermal conductivity;
small mass;
good sound insulation;
biostability;
good waterproofing properties.

The material is endowed with sufficient rigidity. Well cut, drilled. Does not lose shape during service.

Polyurethane foam insulation can be laid (tiled form) or sprayed on (liquid form).

Ecowool

Made from paper. Refers to environmentally friendly roofing insulation. Endowed with good sound and heat insulation qualities. In order for the material not to be combustible and not be damaged by rodents and insects, ecowool manufacturers treat it with defenseless substances and antipyrine.

It belongs to the lightest and cheapest types of heaters. Sold in liquid form. when using it as a roofing insulation (between the rafters), it is necessary to create some kind of closed boxes. Ecowool is blown into them so that it not only fills the space, but all kinds of cracks. Disadvantages - the use of special equipment in the installation work.

There are other ways to insulate the roof.

Roof painting - nuances, methods, features

The roof is covered with different materials, the peculiarity of the work and the expediency of applying painting depends on this:

1 Slate. It looks good at first. It fades over time, lichen islands begin to appear on its surface. You can prevent these manifestations by painting it with water-dispersion or acrylic paint. They are resistant to external and weather factors. True, before this, the coating should be tinted.

2 Decking. It is rarely repainted. They are coated with a polymer-based color coating during manufacture. It is painted only in the process of carrying out restoration or restoration work.

3 Sheet metal. It is painted, but before that it is necessary to treat the surface with an anti-corrosion primer.

They paint the roof in two ways - manual or machine. Before the procedure, you must adhere to the following requirements:

Do not paint the roof in bad weather, especially when it rains. It is best to do this in spring in April or May, in autumn in September or October. During these periods, the ink layer will have the best adhesion, which means it will last a long time.
In the summer it is generally not recommended to paint because of the heat.
Painting should be carried out in non-slip and non-scratching shoes.
If work is carried out at high altitude, you need to take care of your own safety by tying yourself with a rope to a rafter or beam.
It is highly not recommended to hook the safety rope to the chimney - it is an unreliable support, it may not support the weight of the body.

How many layers should the roof be painted?

In order for the ink layer to be stronger and look appropriate, at least 2 layers of paint should be applied:

At the first application, you need to take 700 grams of drying oil for each kilogram of paintwork materials, mix and only then paint.
When painting again, for each kilogram of paint, you need to take 5000 grams of drying oil.

Application technology - or how long to wait between the first and second painting:

After applying the first layer, you need to wait a week for it to dry well.
The second layer will dry for 3 days longer, that is, in total it is 10 days.
If you decide to apply the 3rd layer, then you need to use and wait for just such terms.

How to choose the color for the roof and facade?

You can order a turnkey project, but this service is not available to everyone. You can consider all possible options in another way - by creating a template. To do this, a flat projection of your facade must be transferred to tracing paper(you can also use plastic wrap), and then by color substitution, choose a shade, manufacturer.

Even if everything goes well with the color, the chosen option will suit you in all respects, you don’t need to run and buy all the coloring material completely. First you need to paint a small piece of the facade and roof in the selected colors.

The evaluation of the final shade is influenced by:

surface texture;
base type;
lighting.

Look at them at different times of the day and weather conditions:

in the morning before sunrise;
during the day with good lighting;
in the evening, when only the lanterns are lit;
on a cloudy day.

The disadvantage of this selection method is that it can only test a limited number of colors.

The roof is a significant item in the budget for building a house. Different types of roofs are radically different in design from each other, which affects the cost of construction, which can be quite affordable or, on the contrary, cause a shock. The type of roof and the angle of inclination of its slope also affect the possibility of arranging the attic and shape the appearance of the whole house.

Different types of roofs of private houses have a configuration of varying degrees of complexity, starting from the simplest - flat and ending with complex combined structures.

Flat roof , the device of which belongs to the least complex, and, therefore, the most attractive solutions from a financial point of view. Floor elements laid on load-bearing walls, in fact, are the roof. Typically, a flat roof has a slight slope (up to 3%) to drain rainwater.

A pitched roof is a general concept for roofs that have inclined planes, the basis of which are rafters and sheathing. This category is presented in several versions.

A shed roof is a kind of intermediate solution between a flat and a gable roof. Relatively simple design, typical for the construction of outbuildings and country houses. It, like a flat one, consists of one slope, but differs in the angle of inclination, as well as in a separate ceiling and roof structure. A shed roof allows you to conveniently equip the area on the second floor, which is not limited by slopes, as is the case, for example, with gable roofs, and, as a rule, provides the same amount of space as on the first floor. Recently, they are often used in large houses, where the area allows you to create several blocks with roofs located at different levels.

The device of a shed roof depends on the size of the building and the expected angle of inclination of the slope. Below are the most common designs:

Rafter construction - the rafters rest on the outer wall. This kind of wooden roof structure is simple to implement and does not create high costs. It can be performed on buildings in which the span of the walls does not exceed 6 meters.
Rafter construction with struts - an inclined beam strengthens and stiffens the frame. With its help, you can make a roof on a building with a span of walls up to 7 meters.
Truss structure with a trussed truss - this kind of roof structure can be used on roofs with a span of up to 12 m. The wooden structure is additionally supported by pillars, which provide it with greater rigidity.

Gable roof

A gable roof is a structure with opposite slopes connected in a ridge. A characteristic feature is the presence of triangular pediments of the side walls covering the roof in planes perpendicular to the ridge. There are main types of gable roofs - symmetrical (when the sections are equal and inclined at the same angle) or asymmetrical.

This design is characteristic of traditional architecture, but is also present in modern, minimalist buildings, primarily due to simplicity, which affects convenience and lower construction costs. In houses where the roof slope is 35 - 45 °, an attic is usually equipped. A gable roof has many advantages, among which the most important are:

due to the possibility of adapting the attic for residential purposes, they receive additional space;
a simple design facilitates the construction of a house, and also allows you to easily add a garage or a shed to the building;
a large and simple area facilitates the arrangement of the roof;
when carrying out roofing work on a gable roof, little waste of materials is obtained, so the choice of coverage is unlimited;
this type of roof also ensures efficient removal of snow and rainwater.

It is also important for the building that, thanks to the strong slope, the ventilation between the roof and the wind insulation is much easier than in the case of other types of roofs.

The hip roof is a four-pitched structure, where two of the four slopes are trapezoid-shaped, and two more are triangles. It is these triangular slopes that are called hips, which gave the name to the design. The slopes, converging to a short ridge, are usually inclined at one angle. The truss structure uses beams and double tightening. This design is recommended for one-story buildings, which give beautiful proportions. Despite the presence of an attic, the reasonable arrangement of the attic in this case is not an easy task. The interior design is hampered by numerous bevels. Usually, the functionality of the attic is improved by increasing the angle of inclination of the slope, but in the case of a four-slope design, little can be achieved by this. The best solution is to install skylights that will visually increase the volume of the room.

A hip roof is more expensive and more difficult to implement than a gable roof. Implementation is hampered, in particular, by the angles at which the planes converge. This is a job for highly skilled roofers. Also, roofing work requires the use of solutions that increase the cost of construction. When using sheet roofing, a lot of waste remains, so it is better to use piece roofing materials, which will reduce losses. Having mounted a reinforced truss system, you can even use ceramic tiles. The hip roof has subspecies.

The semi-hipped roof is characterized by bevelled corners and truncated triangles located on the end walls. It is a good option for investors looking for a way to get rid of the monotony.

Similar designs are typical for regional architecture. They can be found, in particular, in the mountains.

The truncated triangles of the semi-hip roof reduce the surface of the roof and strengthen the edges of the frame, thereby protecting the house from strong winds. The optimal slope angle of such a roof is 35°, which allows water and snow to drain away without limiting the choice of roofing.

Installation of such a roof is simpler than a hip roof and only slightly more complicated than a gable roof. At the same time, it looks aesthetically pleasing and has a comfortable attic, in which an attic can be equipped. However, special attention should be paid to the careful implementation of thermal insulation at the joints of the slopes.

A hipped roof is a specific type of hip roof, which is used in buildings that have a square or regular rectangle at the base. They do not have a ridge, their slopes converge at one point, forming the so-called ridge knot. Visually, this design resembles a pyramid. It looks great as a cover for a one-story building built in a classic style.

Hip roofs are often used as cover for free-standing garages, farm buildings, shops. Sometimes they are used as a cover for turrets and other elements in more architecturally complex buildings. However, it must be remembered that, although they are visually attractive, the cost of their implementation is always more than in the case of conventional gable structures.

Traditionally, a multi-gable roof is a roof formed by a variety of combinations of gable roofs. It consists of many planes of different sizes, shapes and angles. Most often they are triangular or trapezoidal, sometimes rectangular. The roof is beautifully presented, but has too many construction complications. To drain water from the entire surface, it is necessary to install additional drains and downpipes. The complex shape of the roof affects the increase in its cost. A large number of slopes is associated with a large consumption of roofing material. At least the purchase of a large number of ribs, valleys and a ridge will be a significant expense. A large number of bends also affects the increase in the weight of the roofing. This, in turn, is due to the need for a more powerful and more stable truss system. All jobs require highly skilled craftsmen. In addition, a multi-gable roof looks good on a large building standing on a large lot. In a small area, this is rather impractical - it will visually reduce the entire territory.

An example of a broken roof is a mansard roof - this is a structure in which each slope consists of two parts: the upper one with a smaller angle of inclination and the lower one with a larger angle. A sloping roof can be two - or four-pitched. The use of this design improves the performance properties of the attic - the usable area increases. A sloping roof most often has a lower inclined plane at an angle of 60º, and an upper one of about 30 °; layered rafters are used in the rafter system. As a roof, it is best to use flexible tiles.

The disadvantage of this option is a more complex and difficult to implement design, as well as the need for very careful preparation of the coating. Leaks may occur at fracture sites. Also, the complexity of its implementation lies, in particular, in the appropriate arrangement of the rafters. In any case, it is better to entrust the installation to specialists.

Domed and conical roofs

Domed and conical structures are associated mainly with architectural monuments. However, these types of roofs are also used in the construction of private houses, in particular on all kinds of superstructures and extensions (turrets, drums, gazebos). They are mounted over multifaceted or round structures. Rafter systems for domed and conical roofs are used hanging and layered, respectively. For the arrangement of the coating, as a rule, piece roofing materials are used.

Combined roofs

The shape of the roof depends on many factors, including regional conditions and preferences, the type and purpose of the building, the landscape in which the object should be inscribed. At the same time, homeowners and developers strive for originality. This is where combined roofs come to the rescue. Most often, such structures are found in cottage villages. The bottom line is to combine several roof structures into one structure in order to achieve a certain aesthetic effect. Also, combined roofs are used in case of expansion of the building. So, for example, it can be a hip roof over a house, complemented by a shed roof over an attached veranda or winter garden.

A huge range of roofing materials for the roof of a country house often creates problems for inexperienced developers. They do not fully understand what factors to focus on and what affects the performance of materials. The roof performs not only a protective function, its value is much wider. Mistakes during selection can create significant problems later on.

The parameters of the truss system have a significant impact on the choice of roofing, there are several factors that must be taken into account, this is the only way to guarantee high-quality and durable coverage of the house.

flat roofs

The angle of inclination of the slopes is not more than 12 °. Such roofs are used during the construction of large country cottages, they can be exploited and ordinary.

On the exploited flat roofs there are winter gardens, areas for outdoor activities or walks.

There are options for arranging car parks on flat roofs. To create exploitable flat roofs, you should buy the most durable and reliable roll coatings or mastics. Currently, it is polyester-based euroroofing material.

This material has the highest strength, service life of at least fifty years. As a waterproofing, modified bitumen is used, which does not lose plasticity at low temperatures. On polyester roofs, heavy structures can be installed, strong concrete reinforced screeds can be made, etc.

The second material for sealing flat roofs is liquid mastics. There is a wide choice in the implementation, according to their technical characteristics, the mastics fully meet the existing requirements.

pitched roofs

The number of slopes is from one to 5–8, it all depends on the complexity of the truss system and the architectural features of the structure. All types of roofing materials can be used on pitched roofs: soft and hard, rolled and piece, profiled and flat, modern and traditional.

Each type has its own characteristics, is selected taking into account the operating conditions, the chosen design project and the financial capabilities of the consumer. The cost of some types of roofing can be very high and most developers cannot afford them.

General characteristics of roofing materials

Regardless of the specific features and technical characteristics, all roofing materials have common evaluation criteria.

Maximum total loads. They must withstand snow cover, gusts of wind, the weight of builders.
Operating parameters. These include durability, ease of installation and maintenance, original design solutions.
Price. It is necessary to take into account not only the price of the material itself, but also additional elements, special nodes of the truss system, requirements for the crate, and other conditions. In addition, the complexity of the installation has a significant impact, the amount of remuneration of roofers depends on it.

Due to the fact that the roof is constantly exposed to numerous negative factors, it must be resistant to mechanical stress, deformation, harsh UV rays, and large temperature fluctuations. At the same time, for a long period of time, maintain tightness and a presentable appearance of the roof, do not require much time for maintenance, be maintainable and replaceable.

Important factors are the durability and maintainability of the roof

What are the most popular types of roofing for a house?

There is no unequivocal and universal advice on choosing the type of roof, each of them has its strengths and weaknesses, many factors should be taken into account during the selection. Moreover, not all of them are objective, caused by the operating conditions of the building. Many are purely subjective, outside advisers cannot influence the choice, the final decision is made only by the consumer, taking into account his personal preferences.

metal tile

To date, the most used material for roofing buildings for various purposes. It is made of thin-sheet rolled products, has several layers of corrosion protection. A profile with interchangeable dimensions is formed on special equipment. External coating - extra strong polymer paints of various colors. Warranty 5-15 years, in practice it is operated up to 30 years. It can have a glossy or matte front surface; dust is less retained on a glossy one.

Disadvantages - on complex roofs, the amount of waste increases to 15%. There is a high probability of purchasing low-quality coatings due to the difficulty of quality control by consumers. It is impossible to independently determine the thickness and uniformity of the zinc layer, it is also difficult to determine the parameters of painting. Another problem is that fire regulations require lightning rods to be installed on all metal roofs, which complicates the installation of the roof.

Prices for metal tiles

metal tile

Bituminous (flexible) tile

It ranks second in popularity after metal coatings. It is made of durable bitumen roofing material on a polymer basis. The waterproof layer is artificial bitumen modified with innovative additives, new manufacturing technologies increase the plasticity of the material even at low temperatures, increase mechanical strength and resistance to sunlight.

The plasticity of the base and bitumen allows you to easily compensate for minor temperature fluctuations in the roof elements. The top layer is covered with stone chips - the appearance improves, resistance to various damages increases, and the operating time increases.

The angle of inclination of the roof must be at least 12 °, the material can be used on roofs of complex geometry. Excellent technological characteristics minimize the amount of unproductive waste (no more than 5%).

Disadvantages - susceptibility to UV rays, over time, mold and moss appear on the surface, which significantly worsens the appearance of the roof. Due to the fact that the laying technology requires a continuous crate and does not provide for natural ventilation, during the construction of the truss system it is necessary to use the most expensive waterproof OSB board, which almost doubles the estimated cost of the roof.

Prices for various types and manufacturers of shingles

Composite polymer sand tiles

Quite complex from a technological point of view, roofing material is made from sand (up to 70%), polymers (up to 25%) and dyes (up to 5%). Resistant to negative influences of external factors, able to withstand significant mechanical loads. Weight up to 21 kg, service life up to 50 years, warranty up to 15 years.

The material is not afraid of static and dynamic loads. According to these indicators, it significantly exceeds the indicators of natural ceramic tiles. It has a low thermal conductivity, which reduces the volume of condensate during temperature fluctuations. The absence of pores increases freeze/thaw resistance, some types can withstand up to 200 cycles.

Disadvantages - high cost, complexity of installation, moderately flammable coating. The main problem is unscrupulous manufacturers. Such companies use recycled polymer, it is obtained after recycling. Secondary plastic is significantly inferior in quality to the primary one, respectively, the actual performance characteristics of polymer tiles do not meet the declared ones.

cement tiles

Piece roofing, made from a cement-sand mixture. To improve the appearance, various dyes are added.

Cement tiles are heavy, which requires special preparation of the truss system. It is the only roofing material that increases strength over time. The maximum values of physical strength cement mortar is gaining in a hundred years.

The roof is durable, holds loads well, including shock. Withstands approximately 50 freeze/thaw cycles and is not afraid of sunlight. It is made from quartz sand and cement. Mineral dyes are added to change the color.

Disadvantages - the complexity of laying, highly qualified roofers are required.

Over time, mosses and mold appear on the surface. At the time of purchase, you should carefully check the uniformity of dimensions, the slightest violation of technology or manufacturing on obsolete equipment causes deviations from geometry. Cement is afraid of acidic environments, in connection with this, it is strongly not recommended to use cement tiles to cover houses located in large industrial cities.

One of the most expensive and difficult to install roofing. Piece material, only the most experienced roofers are allowed to install. It is made from natural clay by pressing and firing. The technology is complex and expensive, it requires a large amount of special industrial equipment and the proximity of a quarry with clay suitable for analysis. The service life is 70 years, but there are many examples of old buildings with preserved roofing.

Natural tiles are considered an exclusive material, used on prestigious buildings or during the reconstruction of historical buildings. It can be repaired, the replacement of tiles that have failed for various reasons is not very difficult.

The main disadvantage is the high cost. The price is artificially high, the production of the material does not require such large financial investments. The complexity of installation increases the cost of the truss system by about 10–15%, the roof can only be mounted on slopes with a large angle of inclination.

Another drawback is that even minor violations of the laying technology will definitely make themselves felt during the operation of the building. It is difficult to check the quality immediately after the completion of work, it is necessary to press on the roof.

Comparative table of characteristics of various types of tiles

Parameter
Average weight kg/m	4–6	8–11	8–9	45–55	45–55
Noisiness	high	Low	Medium	Low	Low
Open fire resistance	non-combustible	Supports open burning	non-combustible	non-combustible	non-combustible
Warranty period from the manufacturer	15–20	25–30	45–50	35–40	60–80
Average cost, rub.	850–950	1050–1250	1250–1500	1150–1300	1600–1800
Approximate wages for roofers, rub.	300–400	400–600	300–500	500–650	600–800
Approximate estimate of the roof, rub.	1150–1350	1400–1850	1550–2100	1650–1950	2200–2600

The profiled sheet is as popular as metal tiles.

Prices for different types of tiles

Roof tiles

Specifications of profiled sheet

Technical parameters differ slightly from metal tiles, service life is 15–20 years. At a cost slightly lower than metal tiles, which makes it the cheapest modern roofing material, except for bitumen and slate. But bituminous coatings are very rarely used on pitched roofs of houses. The profiled sheet has a different thickness and profile parameters, the color is classified according to international standards.

Decking as roofing

Disadvantages - the appearance does not meet modern requirements. This shortcoming is temporary, at present, manufacturers have learned how to make very beautiful profiles with simple geometry. Another problem is the high sound conductivity, but it manifests itself only in cases where the attic space is residential. A lot of noise occurs during heavy rain or hail, such precipitation in most regions of our country occurs infrequently, noise does not bring great inconvenience.

It is made on the basis of cellulose cloth, modified bitumen is used as a hydroprotection, the color is changed by pigments. It has the appearance of a wave slate.

The warranty is 5-10 years depending on the type and manufacturer, but in practice it can last more than 20 years. Resistant to hail, can bend and take the form of a truss system. Special coatings inhibit the development of fungi and mold on the surface, do not impair the initial performance in the temperature range from -40°C to +80°C. Frost resistance not less than 25 cycles, not afraid of chemical compounds. For the price it belongs to the category of budget roofing.

Ondulin - budget roofing

Disadvantages: the color of the surface changes under the influence of ultraviolet rays, the edges are slightly wrapped. Ondulin burns, requires unconditional compliance with all fire safety rules. According to the total quality indicators, it occupies the last position among all roofing materials.

Prices for various types of ondulin

Sheet galvanized steel

Currently, it is rarely used and only in seam roofs. It is installed on a continuous crate, due to its flexibility it can copy the shape of the roof. It is rarely used on houses, it is recommended for various sheds and outbuildings.

Disadvantages - the design does not meet the needs of modern developers, a continuous crate is required for coverage. Low bending strength indicators exclude the possibility of arranging natural ventilation of the under-roof space. To increase the service life, all wooden elements of the rafter system must be impregnated several times with antiseptics, if possible, use moisture-resistant plates.

Prices for galvanized steel sheets

Galvanized steel sheet

Keramoplast

It is made from a special modified polymer with increased parameters of physical strength and resistance to UV rays. To reduce the cost, natural fillers are introduced into the composition, the color depends on coloring additives. A relatively new roofing material, in appearance it resembles wavy slate. It has a variety of colors, service life of 30 years.

Does not absorb moisture, respectively, is not afraid of freezing / freezing. Plasticity allows you to dampen shock loads, the roof can be used in various climatic zones, except for the Far North. It is easy to cut, during laying there is no need to use special devices and tools. The installation technology resembles the laying of ordinary slate.

Disadvantages - high cost does not match the same high performance. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, plastic gradually loses its original properties, becomes brittle and cracks under slight loads. It makes no sense to repair the roof, physical aging occurs on the entire roof area. The only way out is to completely replace the roof, which is expensive and time consuming.

Asbestos-cement wave slate

Traditional roofing material, made of cement and asbestos fillers. It can have a different number of waves, currently it is used only on non-prestigious buildings. In our country, slate is made from safe asbestos, which is not listed as a carcinogen. Sheets can have a natural color or be painted in various shades. Despite the wide variety of modern roofing materials, traditional slate still occupies a high position in sales today. Warranty period of service is not less than 30 years, in practice more than fifty are operated.

There are several disadvantages - a lot of weight and low mechanical strength. Large weight complicates the installation process and requires special measures to strengthen the truss system. Slate cracks easily with minor changes in the linearity of the roof, the coating has to be repaired. If a strong hail falls in the region, then the roof will have to be completely changed.

Slate roof - photo

Prices for various types of slate

Slate

Roofing made of natural stone, serves as a decoration of any prestigious building. It is characterized by excellent indicators of the duration of operation, resistant to chemical compounds, including aggressive ones. Unaffected by urban smog.

Disadvantages - high weight, high cost, low physical strength characteristics. Exclusive coverage, very rare. It is recommended to make to order, taking into account the architectural features of the roof. This approach reduces the amount of unproductive waste and has a positive effect on the cost of roofing.

Aluminum roof

It is used as a sheet roofing material or material for the manufacture of piece tiles. The service life is practically unlimited. Coatings easily take the desired shape, does not require additional processing of the front surface. It is laid only on a continuous crate. Aluminum can be used for the manufacture of various profiles, there are options for covering the roof with even sheets.

copper roof

Very beautiful, very expensive and very durable material. Over time, it becomes covered with a patina - a protective anti-corrosion film. The service life is at least 100 years, it is not afraid of negative temperatures and heating.

The main disadvantage is the high cost. Can be made from 100% copper or alloys with tin and aluminum. Elite material, used only on the most expensive houses, historical or religious buildings.

Disadvantages - it is required to completely exclude contact with iron, with such contact corrosion processes are accelerated by several orders of magnitude. Another disadvantage is that the color of the patina changes over time, areas with different shades may appear. Not all users like it.

thatched roof

The traditional roofing of last century's poor country houses is making a comeback among the most modern builders today. Used by lovers of natural eco-friendly houses, the roof gives the building a unique look. Roofers of the highest qualification are involved in the work; if all the rules are followed, the coating can last up to fifty years. The roof does not require additional thermal insulation, perfectly dampens noise. Due to the special laying technology, fire safety characteristics are significantly increased.