Imagine grasses, shrubs and trees without roots. Huge oaks and small herbaceous plants, devoid of roots, will find themselves Lying helplessly on the ground. The roots of the plant are fixed in the soil. With the help of roots, plants are firmly held in one place throughout their lives.

Growing from a small root of a seed embryo, the root of adult plants, especially trees and shrubs, penetrates deep into the soil, reaches large sizes and holds the heaviest trunk and branches with leaves with force. To imagine the strength with which the roots hold the trees, open an umbrella during a strong wind and try to hold it in your hands. The wind will violently tear the umbrella out of your hands, it is very difficult to hold it.

A heavy tree trunk with all its branches and leaves can be compared to a giant umbrella. A hurricane wind is able to pick up such an "umbrella" and pull a tree out of the ground. However, this does not happentoo often. The roots that hold the tree in the soil are very strong.Of course, not all roots are as powerful as tree roots. In annual herbaceous plants, the roots are often small, shallowly penetrated into the soil. Let's get acquainted with the roots of various plants.Almost everywhere grows low grass with a thin panicle of inconspicuous flowers. This is bluegrass. Find bluegrass, dig it up by the roots. Also dig up the dandelion, trying to damage its root as little as possible.

Now look at the roots of the dug up plants.

Dandelion has a well developedmain root. It develops from the germinal root of the seed. From the main root depart small lateral roots.

Bluegrass has many roots, almost uniform in length and thickness, and they grow in a bunch. These roots grow from the stem and are called adnexal. The main root among the adventitious roots of bluegrass is not noticeable.

If we consider the roots of a wide variety of plants, we can find that some of them look like dandelion roots, while others look like bluegrass roots.

All together the roots of a plant make up itsroot system.

The main roots develop from the radicle of the seed germ and are usually rod-like. Therefore, plants with goodthe developed main root is called the root system rod. If the main root is invisible among all others growing in a bunch, then the root system is called fibrous.

Thus, no matter how diverse the flowering plants are, the root system of some will be fibrous, while others will be taproot.

It has been noted that most dicotyledonous plants have tap root systems that develop from the germinal root of the seed. For example, sorrel, beans, sunflowers, carrots, all trees, shrubs and many other plants have a well-marked main root.

Fibrous root systems are more common in monocotyledonous plants. All our cereals, onions, garlic, and comparatively few other plants have a fibrous root system.

It is interesting to follow how the fibrous root system develops. The main root, which develops from the root of the seed germ, soon stops growing. It becomes invisible among the many adventitious roots growing from the underground part of the stem. Adventitious roots are almost the same in thickness, grow in a bunch and hide the main root that has stopped growing.

So, roots can form in different ways. First, roots develop from the radicle of the seed germ. it main roots. Secondly, the roots grow from the stem. itadventitious roots.Thirdly, the roots grow from both the main and adventitious roots. it lateral roots. It is interesting to note that adventitious roots develop not only from the underground part of the stem, but also from ground shoots.

The root system of a plant is formed by roots of various nature. Allocate the main root, which develops from the germinal root, as well as lateral and adventitious. The lateral ones are a branch from the main one and can form on any of its sections, while the adventitious roots most often begin their growth from the lower part of the plant stem, but can even form on the leaves.

Tap root system

The tap root system is characterized by a developed main root. It has the shape of a rod, and it is because of this similarity that this type got its name. The lateral roots of such plants are extremely weakly expressed. The root has the ability to grow indefinitely, and the main root in plants with a tap root system reaches an impressive size. This is necessary to optimize the extraction of water and nutrients from soils where groundwater occurs at a considerable depth. Many species have a tap root system - trees, shrubs, as well as herbaceous plants: birch, oak, dandelion, sunflower,.

fibrous root system

In plants with a fibrous root system, the main root is practically not developed. Instead, they are characterized by numerous branching adventitious or lateral roots of approximately the same length. Often, in plants, the main root grows first, from which the lateral ones begin to depart, but in the process of further development of the plant, it dies off. A fibrous root system is characteristic of plants that reproduce vegetatively. It is usually found in - coconut palm, orchids, ferns, cereals.

Mixed root system

Often, a mixed or combined root system is also distinguished. Plants belonging to this type have both a well-differentiated main root and multiple lateral and adventitious roots. Such a structure of the root system can be observed, for example, in strawberries and strawberries.

Root modifications

The roots of some plants are so modified that it is difficult at first glance to attribute them to any type. These modifications include root crops - thickening of the main root and lower part of the stem, which can be seen in turnips and carrots, as well as root tubers - thickening of lateral and adventitious roots, which can be observed in sweet potato. Also, some roots may not serve to absorb water with salts dissolved in it, but for respiration (respiratory roots) or additional support (stilted roots).

root system name all the roots of a plant. It is formed by the main root, lateral roots and adventitious roots. The main root of the plant develops from the germinal root. Adventitious roots usually grow from the lower parts of the plant stem. Lateral roots develop on the main and adventitious roots.

The root system of plants performs two main functions.

First, it holds the plant in the soil. Secondly, the roots absorb the water and minerals that the plant needs from the soil.

If a plant develops a powerful main root, then a tap root system.

If the main root remains undeveloped or dies, and adventitious roots develop, then the plant develops fibrous root system.

The tap root system is characterized by a well-developed main root.

In appearance, it looks like a rod. The main root grows from the germinal root.

The tap root system is formed not only by the main root, but also by small lateral roots extending from it.

The tap root system is characteristic of many dicotyledonous plants.

A well-developed main root is found in beans, clover, sunflowers, carrots, and dandelions.

However, in many perennial plants with an original tap root system, sooner or later the main root dies off. Instead, numerous adventitious roots grow from the stem.

There is a subtype of the tap root system - branched root system.

In this case, several lateral roots get strong development. While the main root remains shortened. The type of branched root system is characteristic of many trees. Such a root system allows you to firmly hold the powerful trunk and crown of the tree.

The tap root system penetrates deeper into the soil than the fibrous root system.

Fibrous type of root system

The fibrous root system is characterized by the presence of many approximately identical adventitious horses, which form a kind of bundle.

Adventitious roots grow from the aboveground and underground parts of the stem, less often from the leaves.

Plants with a fibrous root system may also have a live main root. However, if it persists, it does not differ in size from the rest of the roots.

A fibrous root system is characteristic of many monocot plants. Among them are wheat, rye, onions, garlic, corn, potatoes.

Although the fibrous root system does not penetrate the soil as deeply as the tap root system, it occupies a larger area near the soil surface and braids the soil particles more densely, which improves the absorption of the aqueous solution.

Root systems and their classification. Types of root systems

Root changes:

A root crop is a thickened main root.

The main root and the lower part of the stem are involved in the formation of the root crop.

Most root plants are biennial. Root crops consist mainly of storage basic tissue (turnips, carrots, parsley).

Root tubers (root cones) are formed as a result of thickening of the lateral and adventitious roots.

With their help, the plant blooms faster.

Hook roots are a kind of adventitious roots. With the help of these roots, the plant "sticks" to any support.

Stilted roots - act as a support.

Plank roots are lateral roots that run at or above the soil surface, forming triangular vertical outgrowths adjacent to the trunk. Characteristic of the large trees of the tropical rainforest.

Aerial roots - lateral roots, grow in the aerial part.

They absorb rainwater and oxygen from the air. They are formed in many tropical plants in conditions of a lack of mineral salts in the soil of the tropical forest.

Mycorrhiza is the cohabitation of the roots of higher plants with fungal hyphae. With such a mutually beneficial cohabitation, called symbiosis, the plant receives water from the fungus with nutrients dissolved in it, and the fungus receives organic substances.

Mycorrhiza is characteristic of the roots of many higher plants, especially woody ones. Fungal hyphae, braiding thick lignified roots of trees and shrubs, act as root hairs.

Bacterial nodules on the roots of higher plants - the cohabitation of higher plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria - are modified lateral roots adapted to symbiosis with bacteria.

Bacteria penetrate the root hairs into young roots and cause them to form nodules. In this symbiotic cohabitation, bacteria convert the nitrogen in the air into a mineral form available to plants.

And plants, in turn, provide bacteria with a special habitat in which there is no competition with other types of soil bacteria. Bacteria also use substances found in the roots of higher plants.

Most often, bacterial nodules are formed on the roots of plants of the legume family. In connection with this feature, legume seeds are rich in protein, and members of the family are widely used in crop rotation to enrich the soil with nitrogen.

Respiratory roots - in tropical plants - perform the function of additional respiration.

Types of root systems

In the tap root system, the main root is highly developed and clearly visible among other roots (typical for dicots).

A variety of tap root system - branched root system: consists of several lateral roots, among which the main root is not distinguished; characteristic of trees.

In the fibrous root system, in the early stages of development, the main root, formed by the germinal root, dies off, and the root system is composed of adventitious roots (typical for monocots). The tap root system usually penetrates deeper into the soil than the fibrous root system, however, the fibrous root system braids adjacent soil particles better.

Adventitious roots grow directly from the stem.

They grow from a bulb (which is a special stem) or from garden cuttings.

aerial roots. Roots that grow from the stem but do not penetrate the ground.

They are used by climbing plants for anchorage, as in ivy.

Supporting (stilted) roots.

A special type of aerial roots. They grow from the stem and then penetrate the ground, which may be covered with water. They support heavy plants such as mangroves.

Related information:

Site search:

What is the difference between a tap root system and a fibrous root system?

The roots of a plant are its vegetative organs that are underground and conduct water and, accordingly, minerals to the rest, terrestrial, plant organs - stems, leaves, flowers and fruits.

But the main function of the root is still to fix the plant in the ground.

On the distinctive features of root systems

Common in different root systems is that the root is always divided into main, lateral and adnexal.

The main root, the root of the first order, always grows from the seed, it is he who is most powerfully developed and always grows vertically downwards.

Lateral roots depart from it and are called roots of the second order. They can branch, and adventitious roots, called third-order roots, depart from them.

They (adventitious roots) never grow on the main, but in some plant species they can grow on stems and leaves.

This whole set of roots is called the root system. And there are only two types of root systems - rod and fibrous. And our main question concerns how the taproot and fibrous root systems differ.

The tap root system is characterized by the presence of a pronounced main root, while the fibrous root system is formed from adventitious and lateral roots, and its main root is not expressed and does not stand out from the total mass.

In order to better understand how the tap root system differs from the fibrous one, we propose to consider a visual diagram of the structure of one and the second systems.

Plants such as roses, peas, buckwheat, valerian, parsley, carrots, maple, birch, currants, watermelon have a tap root system.

The urinary root system is found in wheat, oats, barley, onions and garlic, lilies, gladiolus and others.

Modified shoots underground

Many plants underground, in addition to the roots, have so-called modified shoots. These are rhizomes, stolons, bulbs and tubers.

Rhizomes grow mainly parallel to the soil surface, they are needed for vegetative propagation and storage. Outwardly, the rhizome looks like a root, but in its internal structure it has fundamental differences.

Sometimes such shoots can come out of the ground and form a regular shoot with leaves.

Underground shoots are called stolons, at the end of which bulbs, tubers and rosette shoots are formed.

A bulb is a modified shoot, the storage function of which is carried out by fleshy leaves, and adventitious roots extend from a flat bottom below.

A tuber is a thickened shoot with axillary buds that performs the function of storage and reproduction.

Weigela - planting and care in the open field

Ornamental shrubs are not uncommon in our gardens for a long time. And if you are also thinking about purchasing a flowering bush for your site, pay attention to weigela. An article will tell about the cultivation of this plant in open ground.

Remontant strawberries - the best varieties

Sweet strawberries are good both fresh and for canning.

True, the strawberry season is short-lived - ordinary varieties bear fruit for only a couple of weeks. What can not be said about remontant varieties, pleasing harvest until the frost. About the best varieties of remontant strawberries - in the article.

Mouthless remontant strawberries - the best varieties

There are beds of fragrant strawberries in almost every area. Its remontant varieties are especially popular, yielding a crop several times a season.

Such strawberries most often propagate with a mustache, but there are also beardless varieties. The article will tell about them.

Where do tangerines grow?

Juicy fragrant tangerines are a favorite winter fruit for many of us.

Even though today they can be bought at any time of the year, tangerines are still associated with the New Year holidays. But have you ever wondered where they come from?

Where tangerines grow - in the article.

superficial root system

Page 1

The surface root system is also formed in pine when dense heavy calcareous loam is shallow, and on such soils windfall of pine seed plants, and sometimes larch seed plants, is often observed. This phenomenon occurs, for example, in a number of places in the Plesetsk district of the Arkhangelsk region. On the Kola Peninsula (Murmansk region), the windfall of pine seedlings is expressed in places where crystalline rocks emerge on the day surface.

The surface root system of a pine, as we have already said, is also formed with a shallow occurrence of dense heavy carbonate loam. On such soils, pine seedlings, and sometimes larch seedlings, often fall out by the wind, for example, in some places in the Plesetsk district of the Arkhangelsk region.

On the Kola Peninsula (Murmansk region) and in North Karelia, windfall of pine seedlings occurs in places where crystalline rocks come to the day surface.

A surface root system with weak development of vertically developing roots, only 0 5 - 1 m deep, is also formed by pine on sandy soils poor in moisture, where it can also fall out relatively easily from the wind.

Trees with a shallow root system are more susceptible to windblow, more weakened and more likely to die on the vine.

The disproportion between the increased transpiration after felling and the limited supply of moisture from the soil, as well as the rupture of small roots due to wind swaying of trees, lead to a decrease in growth immediately after felling on shallow, heavy, moist soils. On the contrary, trees on deep drained soils, where they form roots that go deep into the soil and are better provided with moisture, withstand changes in the situation relatively well and are able to increase their growth in diameter after 2-3 years, and sometimes immediately after felling.

These differences are reflected in the anatomical structure of the tree.

Trees with a shallow root system are more susceptible to windblow, more weakened and more likely to die on the root.

Damaged by the hooves of livestock, the surface root system of spruce is not able to resist honey agaric.

There are known facts of the impact of wind, when from the windblow there are PTCs with weakened drainage, which form the surface root system of trees and are located at windbreak locations.

The windfall often develops in the NTC of spruce forests of accumulative slopes with rich moist loams, where spruce has a thin surface root system. The forest stand of the PTC of denudation slopes with clod-stone substrates is more wind-resistant, where the spruce is firmly rooted in the crevices of the blocks.

Even a grassroots fire destroys thin-barked, with a crown falling low along the trunk, with a thinner surface root system, spruce and fir, and thus immediately removes two main obstacles to the appearance of self-seeding pine.

Old pine trees in any fires have a chance to survive due to a thicker bark, a highly raised crown and a root system that goes very deep into the soil; these old trees remain scattered as seed plants in greater or lesser numbers even after great fires.

After flowering, the plants are transplanted into wide and shallow pots or bowls, since azaleas have a superficial root system, pruning is carried out, removing weak, fattening shoots and pinching the tops of young shoots, stimulating their branching. Pinching is carried out in two or three steps, pinching shoots with three or four developed leaves. At the end of June, tweezing is stopped, since at this time the formation of next year's flower buds begins on the shoots.

Azaleas need moist air. During the period of active growth, from March to September, they are regularly sprayed with soft water. It is not recommended to spray during the flowering period to avoid the appearance of spots on the flowers. For normal flowering, high light intensity and top dressing with complex fertilizer are needed.

Weymouth pine is a relatively wind tolerant species, but, like Scots pine, it can also produce a shallow root system, such as in shallow soils. Weymouth pine is no less sensitive to factory smoke than ordinary pine.

Significant areas of underground structures, lined with a sufficient layer of earth, are planted with small groups of shrubs with a superficial root system, or perennials.

If necessary, decorative design on them arrange small rockeries. To avoid icing, planting of trees and shrubs is provided at a distance of at least 40 m from open sprinkler devices, and from cooling towers at a distance of at least 15 of their height.

Pages: 1 2 3 4

Root

The root performs the function of absorbing water from the soil with minerals. It fixes and holds the plant in the soil. Reserve nutrients can be deposited in the roots.

Root structure

The root is the axial organ of the plant, on which, unlike the stem, there are no leaves. The root grows in length throughout the life of the plant, moving through the solid particles of the soil. To protect the delicate tip of the root from mechanical damage and reduce friction, a root cap is used.

It is formed by thin-walled cells of the integumentary tissue, which exfoliate and form mucus, which facilitates the movement of the root in the soil. At the growing root, the cap is updated every day.

Under the root cap is a division zone. It is made up of educational fabric.

The cells of this tissue divide.

The resulting cells are stretched in the longitudinal direction and form a zone of stretching and growth. This ensures the growth of the root in length. The cells of the educational tissue form other tissues - integumentary, conductive and mechanical.

The stretch zone is followed by the suction zone.

In this zone, a lot of root hairs are formed from the cells of the integumentary tissue. Wheat, for example, has up to 100 per 1 mm2 of root surface. Thanks to the root hairs, the absorptive surface of the root increases tens and even hundreds of times. Root hairs work like tiny pumps that suck water from the soil with minerals dissolved in it. The suction zone is mobile, it changes its place in the soil depending on the growth of the root. Root hairs live for several days, and then die off, and a suction zone appears on the newly growing root area.

Therefore, the absorption of water and nutrients always occurs from a new volume of soil.

In place of the former suction zone, a conduction zone is formed. Through the cells of this zone, water and minerals are carried upwards, to the above-ground organs, and organic substances are carried downwards, from the leaves to the roots.

The cells of the integumentary tissue of the conduction zone in adult plants, when dying, can overlap each other, forming a plug. As a result, the adult root becomes woody.

The conduction zone accounts for most of the length of long-lived roots.

Types of root systems

The totality of all the roots of a plant is called the root system. There are two types of root systems - rod and fibrous.

In the tap root system, the main root is distinguished.

It grows strictly downward and stands out among other roots with greater length and thickness. Lateral roots extend from the main root. The tap root system is characteristic of peas, sunflowers, shepherd's purse, dandelions and many other plants.

The fibrous root system is characteristic of cereals, plantain and other plants in which the main root stops growing immediately at the beginning of embryo development.

At the same time, numerous roots are formed at the base of the shoot, which are called adnexal.

The plant develops a bundle, or lobe, of more or less equal in thickness, length and branching of adventitious roots.

Being underground and remaining absolutely invisible, the root forms entire systems that are directly dependent on the habitat. If necessary, the type can be modified to provide the plant with everything necessary for growth and development.

Root and its meaning

The root is the underground part of the plant. It securely holds the shoot in the ground. The length of the trunk of some trees can be several tens of meters, but even strong gusts of wind are not terrible.

The main function of the root is to absorb and transport water with nutrients dissolved in it. This is the only way to get the required amount of moisture into the plant.

Root types

According to the structural features, three types of roots are distinguished.

The main root of a plant is always one. In gymnosperms and angiosperms, it develops from the germinal root of the seed. It has lateral roots. They increase the absorbent surface area, allowing the plant to absorb the most water.

There are a lot of them directly from the shoot, they grow in a bunch. All types of roots have the same features of the internal structure. This element of the plant consists of forming a root cap, which protects the educational cells of the division zone from death. The elongation zone also consists of young, constantly dividing cells. Elements of conductive tissue and mechanical are in the zone of absorption and conduction. They make up the bulk of any kind of roots.

To provide the plant with the necessary amount of water, only one root is not enough for it. Therefore, different ones are combined, forming systems.

Rod and fibrous root system

The fibrous system is represented by adventitious roots. They are typical for representatives of the class Monocots - Lily and Onion. Anyone who has tried to pull a wheat shoot out of the ground knows that this is quite difficult to do. The bundle of adventitious roots grows strongly, occupies a large area, providing the plant with the necessary amount of nutrients. Bulbs of garlic or leeks, being also have developed adventitious roots, combined in

Consider the following type. The tap root system consists of two types of roots: main and lateral. The only main root is the stem and explains the name of this plant organ. It can penetrate deep into the soil, not only reliably holding its owner, but also extracting scarce moisture from the lower layers of the soil. A few tens of meters is not an obstacle for him.

The tap root system is characteristic of most angiosperms, since it is universal. The main root gets water from the depth, the lateral ones - from the topsoil.

Advantages

The tap root system is typical for plants growing in conditions of moisture deficiency. If there is no rain, the upper layers of the soil are dry, water can only be obtained deep from the ground. This function is performed by the main root. The tap root system is sometimes longer than the shoot itself. For example, a camel thorn about 30 cm high has a root more than 20 m long.

Lateral roots are also important. They increase the suction surface, sometimes occupying a significant area.

Which plants do not have a tap root system? Those that live in conditions of excessive moisture. Such plants simply do not need to get water from the depths. However, the tap root system significantly loses to the fibrous one in terms of the total length of the roots.

Root modifications

The tap root system, the structure of which fully corresponds to the functions performed, is sometimes modified. The well-known carrot roots are thickened main roots. They store water and nutrients that allow plants to survive adverse environmental conditions. Such a modified tap root system is also characteristic of beets, radishes, radishes, and parsley.

Root crops are especially common in perennial and biennial plants. So, having sown carrot seeds in the spring, you can already get a harvest in the fall. But if the plant is left in the ground for the winter, then in the spring it will sprout again and give seeds. In a cold winter, carrots survive due to the thickened main root - the root crop. It allows you to hold out on stocks until the onset of heat.

The type of plant root system depends on the conditions in which it grows, and the characteristic features of the structure provide vital processes and increase the chances of survival in any climate and with any available amount of moisture and nutrients.

Laboratory work "Rod and fibrous root systems"

1. form the concepts of taproot and fibrous root systems;
2. develop the skill of distinguishing between taproot and fibrous root systems;
3. continue developing the skills to observe natural objects.

Equipment: herbarium specimens of plants of local flora with fibrous and tap root systems.

Work is carried out according to the instruction card on p. 90-91 of the textbook "Biology" by V.V. Pasechnik and is drawn up in a workbook as task 63.

Consolidation of what has been learned.

1Questions:
1) What is the function of the root?
2) What types of roots does the root system consist of?
3) What is the structure of the tap root system?
4) How does the fibrous root system differ from the tap root system?
5) What is the basis for the use of plants to fix ravines, scree, river banks?
6) What is the importance of adventitious roots for increasing yield?
7) What is the importance of knowledge about the structure of the root to control the growth and development of agricultural plants?
2. Fill in the table.

(The column "Definition of concepts" students fill in independently).

Basic concepts	Definition of concepts
	Underground organs of plants that absorb water and mineral salts that hold the plant in the soil
2. Root system	The root system of a plant
3. Main root	The root that goes deep into the soil
4. Lateral roots	Roots extending on the sides of the main and adventitious roots
5. Adventitious roots	Roots extending from the sides of the stem
6. Tap root system	Root system consisting of main and lateral roots
7. Fibrous root system	Root system consisting of adventitious and lateral roots

4. Homework. Study paragraph 19, complete task 64 in the workbook: what agricultural technique is shown in the figure? What is its purpose? (Level 1)

2nd level. Answer the questions: 1. The total surface of the roots of land plants is approximately 150 times the surface of its aerial part. What does this mean for plants?
2) Why is it believed that plants with a fibrous root system protect the soil from erosion?
3) What is the difference between root and shoot? 4) What is the difference between plant nutrition and animal nutrition?
3rd level:
1) Model the evolutionary development of the root system.
2) Only because of erosion, 7 million hectares of land annually lose their fertility. What erosion control measures would you suggest?

The plan of experimental work at the school-based educational and experimental site of the municipal educational institution of the village of Akatnaya Maza for the 2009-2010 academic year

The area of the school-based educational and experimental site is 0.84 ha.

The site has a uniform soil composition. Plot soil fertile enough.

There are the following departments at the school educational and experimental site:

1. Department of vegetable crops in the tilled crop rotation system;
2. Department of field crops in the system of grass-field crop rotation;
3. Department of ornamental plants;
4. Experienced department;
5. Department of Plant Biology:
- a) a section of plant taxonomy;
- b) plant collection site;
6. Department of protected ground (greenhouses);
7. Dendrological department;
8. Department of primary classes.

Calendar and agrotechnical plan at the school educational and experimental site

	Name of events	Deadlines
	Cover harrowing
	Small digging of the soil (8-10 cm).
	Breakdown of the site into departments and plots.
	Vernalization of potato tubers.
	Soil preparation on plots for field crops.
	Sowing of early grain crops.
	Sowing of sunflower, carrots, table beet.
	Sowing crops at the department of plant biology.
	Soil preparation at the collection department.
	Sowing of early crops in the collection department.
	Sowing seeds of vegetable crops in a cold nursery.
	Sowing corn.
	Sowing flower seeds in beds for seedlings.
	Breakdown of plots on the experimental site.
	Sowing beans, chamomile.
	Preparation of seeds of pumpkins, zucchini (soaking, sprouting).
	Planting pumpkins, zucchini, squash.
	Sowing cucumbers.
	Craft holes on vegetable crop rotation and experimental (for cabbage, tomatoes).
	Planting vegetables.
	Flower garden breakdown.
	Planting flowers on the school site, near the monument.
	Care during the growing season for agricultural crops (loosening, weeding, fertilizing, watering, pest and disease control, conducting experiments), thinning, planting, shelter from spring frosts, hilling row crops, additional artificial pollination of sunflower and corn, weed control, preparation plots for winter crops, destruction of weeds, preparation of plots for winter crops, selection of large seeds, sowing seeds of winter rye and wheat, seedling care, harvesting of agricultural crops, sale of the resulting products. The main tillage is fertilization, digging.	During the growing season.

Experimental work at the school educational-experimental site.

Theme of the experiment: "The effect of foliar feeding on the harvest

cabbage variety "Slava".

The purpose of the experiment: to find out the effect of foliar feeding on

harvest crops (cabbage).

Students in grade 6 are experimenting.

Link composition:

Yelesin Alyosha,

Safonova Yana,

Slavkina Ksyusha,

Ryabova Olya.

Experiment methodology.

Foliar feeding is the feeding of plants directly through the leaves. Spraying them with weak solutions containing nutrients, it has been established by experience that the nutrients applied to the leaves during foliar feeding are used not only by these leaves, but by the whole plant.

When foliar top dressing significantly increases the utilization of nutrients from fertilizers, as the latter go directly to the leaf tissue, bypassing the soil, where usually most of these nutrients are lost.

Cabbage, as a leaf crop, responds very well to nitrogen fertilizers. For 10 liters of water, 150 g of ammonium nitrate is taken; 15-20 days after planting seedlings in open ground, make the 1st foliar top dressing. Repeat during the summer 5-6 times at intervals of 7-10 days.