I went to a seminar organized by the Origami Publishing House, the Cleaning.Coloring magazine, held in St. Petersburg on November 14-15, 2011 under the title coatings at negative temperatures”.
In addition to listening to the information that I know about the types of corrosion and how to deal with it, about the Wiwa painting equipment, which I will talk about later in the Equipment section, where the experience of working with many painting machines is already described, and showed a small master class on coloring of corrugated board.
I also listened to a very interesting lecture by technologists of the Morozov Chemical Plant on applying paint at low temperatures.
Morozovsky Chemical Plant Russian enterprise for the production of enamels. Heat-resistant enamels for everyone known types KO and OS, it was he who began to produce. I will also talk about enamels, but later, in the Materials section. I think it will be interesting.
I had a long-standing correspondence relationship with MHZ. 
It was very nice to meet you in real life. There is no doubt about their professional approach to ACS. What are the trips of the chief technologist of the Moscow Chemical Plant Urvantseva G. to many facilities where they are painted with enamels, her constant consultations and technical supervision over the production of painting at the facilities. A huge number of grateful reviews about the MHZ.
So, back to the main topic of the seminar.
Paints can be applied at low temperatures. For this, the following conditions must be met:
1) It is impossible to paint at a temperature of +-5 degrees. C. This is due to the formation of condensate, dew, on the metal surface. In general, this temperature is the worst for staining with any paints.
2) The surface to be painted and the paint must be at the same temperature. When applied airless spray warm paint on a cold surface, when two materials come into contact different temperatures condensation also forms. Even if we all understand that airless dyeing is very fast, nevertheless, condensation forms.
3) The question is how to paint concrete surfaces at negative temperatures requires additional consideration.
Of course, a lot has been said about the fact that it is possible to paint with enamels OS and KO produced by MHZ, up to -10 degrees C, without loss of quality, but I did not have to work with them at such a temperature.
I had to work with enamels:
PF-115 and XV-0278, at temperatures from -0 to -10 degrees. S. It was just cold to work on. I painted in a cold room, with paint that was stored there.
XB -174 on outdoors at a temperature of 0, + 5 degrees C metal structures of the same temperature, paint stored at the same temperature.
PF-100 indoors at a temperature of -5, + 7 degrees C, which was eventually raised to +12 degrees C
As you can see, the temperature regime was not observed everywhere.
As a result:
Application:- just like always.
Drying: XB 0278, 2-3 hours (same as always)
PF-100 - drying 2-3 days (according to the passport - a day)
PF - 115 drying from 7-10 days or more (according to the passport - a day)
XB -174, the same as always, drying 2-3 hours.
Polymerization: XB 0278, 5-7 days (same as always).
PF-100, 5 days.
PF - 115, not known. When we left the object, it was not dry yet 🙂
XB -174, drying 2-3 hours (same as always).
Exploitation: XB 0278 has been standing for more than a year, without coating defects.
PF-100, no negative reviews, it is impossible to get into the painting area
PF - 115, stood for half a year, in the fall it began to fly off with mugs.
XB -174, stood for a year. Started to fly off burdocks.
It should be noted that PF-100 and XV-0278 enamels are classified as primer-enamels for rust. They have additional additives in their formula, have an order of magnitude different cost. Although I am skeptical about coatings such as primer-on-rust, nevertheless, in these conditions they showed the best results.
PF-115 based on Russian SNIP is not recommended for painting metal structures used in industrial environments. Therefore, the legality of the project for painting PF-115, metal structures is in great doubt. Even under the conditions of application at low temperatures, she behaved in the most pleasing way.
An example of painting XB-174, which does not differ from XB-0278 in its plastic properties, showed non-compliance with technologies and the result was not long in coming.
Thus, on a personal practical experience from my observations, I can confirm quality coating can be done at low temperatures. The main thing is not to lead painting work at + - 5 deg. FROM.
Any work in the cold is not comfortable, and if possible, it is better to postpone metal painting and carry it out in the warm season. What to do if the winter cold has already come, but all the planned work has not been completed on time during the warm period, and the metal structures located on the street have not been painted?
There is an opinion that it is impossible to paint on the street in winter, or it will not work, however, it is erroneous and irrelevant. To date, developed many paint materials which can be used in any weather.
For painting metal surfaces possible in winter. For their application, the temperature range from -20 to +35°C is permissible. At the same time, even the presence of moisture on the metal surface does not affect the quality of the coating and the convenience of performing painting work.
If it is not possible to postpone painting the metal until warmer weather, some factors must be taken into account.
First of all, they should not contain in their composition ingredients that freeze at a temperature not lowered to -20 ° C.
It is necessary to completely exclude the use of alkyd and other coatings that increase viscosity at low temperatures.
To remove the frost covering the metal, it is necessary to treat the metal surface with gasoline or gas burner. It is not recommended to use brushes and scrapers, because after their use the surface is not completely cleaned.
Before applying the primer, it is important to degrease the surface with acetone or isopropanol.
When carrying out painting work in winter time for priming a metal surface, a special frost-resistant primer is used, and it is necessary to select the composition for this type of metal.
Priming provides corrosion protection and improves the adhesion of the finish coat.
If necessary, using a special brush, before starting work, the surface is thoroughly cleaned of loose rust and dirt that create irregularities.
The consumption of anticorrosive paints and varnishes for painting metal surfaces in winter is the same as in warm weather. All materials intended for application at low temperatures are fast drying. The finished coating does not react to precipitation within an hour after application. So, at air humidity of 80-95% and temperature of -15°C, the time of complete drying will be 2-3 hours.
The service life of the coating applied at low temperatures is up to 10 years, subject to painting technologies.
Should I paint the fence in winter?
What to do if the outside temperature is below 0°C and you need to paint a metal fence.
When the temperature changes, the metal does not change its structure, does not absorb water. At elevated temperatures, the leaf fence may stretch a little, and when cooled, it returns to its shape. , intended for painting metal, adapting after application, form an elastic film on the surface.
For painting metal fences in winter, enamels are used that are designed to work at low temperatures. They have the necessary properties alkyd paints based on solvents that do not change consistency at low temperatures.
Paints for metal can also be used to paint wooden surfaces.
Surface before painting metal fence dried and degreased with special means.
For painting, not a cold, but a warm coloring composition with a temperature above 0 ° C is used.
If when coloring large structures it takes a lot of time, then the paint container is placed in warm water to maintain the desired consistency of the composition.
Special enamels designed for painting metal in winter dry from 1 to 3 hours, and ordinary ones - from 3 to 7 days.
Effective enamel, intended for use in winter, do not freeze in frost, are suitable as for metal and for wood, combine anti-corrosion, anti-fungal and fire-fighting properties, even in extreme weather conditions form an elastic coating layer, dry quickly compared to conventional coloring compounds.
Carry out painting of a metal fence and other metal products possible in winter. The main thing is to choose the right one to properly prepare the surface. On each package of the product there is always information about the method of application.
Usually painting work are planned for the warm season, when the temperature regime is most favorable for this. The lower recommended temperature threshold for painting is plus 5 degrees. But now there are many modern paints and soils that are suitable even for negative temperatures. In this regard, the minimum possible limit at which temperature you can paint on the street has changed.
Features of painting work in winter
In industrial conditions, the need for painting at low temperatures arises if you need to hand over the object on time, or you urgently need to update the surface of the building. In everyday life, such urgency is rarely observed, but it still happens. There are a number of painting features in the cold season:
- The most unfavorable temperature for applying paints, enamels and primers in winter is from minus 5 degrees to plus 5 degrees. Even in cold weather, it is better to work, because it is in the specified range that condensation will form on any surface. In the presence of moisture, the adhesion of the coating deteriorates greatly, the properties of the paints change. The quality of the coating is reduced, it will not last long.
- If you decide to paint facades in cold weather, you need to remember - facade paint any brand dries 2-3 times longer than in heat. To get a high-quality coating, you need to use a thermal gun for drying or stretch the film on scaffolding.
- You should choose only enamel suitable for the winter season, a primer. Using the wrong material will cause it to freeze, and the ice will not allow the product to be applied to the walls. The final result of the work depends on the quality of the paint.
A number of modern paints are perfectly applied at zero temperature and in frost, some can be applied down to -20 degrees. There is good means resistant to temperature extremes. It is important that the temperature of the paintwork material during operation was a plus. If the material is cold, it is placed in a container in a bucket with warm water.
In the rules for the operation of the primer and paint in cold air, mandatory surface preparation is mentioned. Cannot be applied coloring materials no specific action:
- clear working area from the old coating;
- treat the surface with a sandblasting machine, sandpaper or in another convenient way;
- close up irregularities with putty;
- if technology requires, carry out priming (walls should be primed if indicated by the manufacturer on the package with paint).
You can not work if it is raining or snowing - you need to wait for the onset of normal weather. It is necessary to carry out staining with a roller, brush, but it is better to forget about the spray gun - its nozzle will quickly clog.
The most important thing is to make the surface clean and dry. You should also bring the enamel to the desired viscosity. Usually water-based paints are used, which are diluted with water. It must be remembered that alkyd materials sharply increase their viscosity in the cold, and do not forget to dilute and heat them up in time.
Priming work
In winter, a primer is used that is resistant to low temperatures (frost-resistant soil). If iron is stained, special phosphating compounds are used. They can be applied over rust, as they include special anti-corrosion components. Priming gives additional protection against corrosion, increases the adhesion of the final coating.
Painting the facades of the house
Conducting outdoor facade works winter is possible by choosing the right paint. After cleaning from dirt, dust, the walls are polished, if there are areas old paint or mold, they are removed. Next, the walls are primed with a product of the same brand with the main paint - this will improve the quality of the coating. They work with packages brought from the heat. As soon as the material begins to freeze, it is removed into heat, another package is taken out. The second coat of paint is usually applied after 3-5 days.
Painting bricks and surfaces with plaster
The coloring of such surfaces does not differ from that of the facades of the house. It is only important not to do the painting immediately after the masonry is completed - the work is postponed, the minimum period is a year. If you paint immediately, the coating will peel off. Surface preparation is required (cleaning with a brush from dirt, dust, mold). The chipped plaster is cleaned, the holes are sealed, and allowed to dry well. You can also fill deep holes with frost-resistant silicone sealant. After priming, the wall is allowed to dry for 5-7 days, then it is painted with a roller or brush.
Concrete processing
Concrete floors and walls have a porous surface. Also outer side concrete products weather faster and the dye of the coating loses its brightness. Concrete staining can be done a year after installation, it is necessary to allow part of the concrete dust to escape. In some cases, it is possible to paint surfaces without curing - for example, in a workshop, in a warehouse, in a hangar.
Metal processing
In winter, it may be necessary to paint pipes, garage walls, iron sheathing of sheds, profiled fences, etc. The metal does not absorb moisture, so it does not change properties depending on the climate. For painting work, special compositions for metal should be used - at sub-zero temperatures they form a strong elastic film.
Tips for painting metal in winter:
- the surface must be dry, clean, free of rust with abrasive tools;
- if there is frost, the surface is treated with a flash of a gas burner - a brush or scraper will be ineffective;
- preliminarily carry out degreasing with isopropanol, acetone.
Wood painting
It is not recommended to paint wood, products from fiberboard, chipboard, lining in winter. If the house is wooden on the outside, it is better to leave its coloring until the warm season. Water accumulates between the fibers of the tree, which freezes in frost. The structure of the material expands, and the paint applied from above seals it in this state along with the ice. After thawing, the water begins to push out the paint, the latter does not stand up and goes in bubbles. Also under the enamel rotting of the tree begins.
If staining is urgently needed, a test is done first. Stick adhesive tape on the surface with a wide strip, leave for 2 days, then remove. If there is condensation on the tape, do not paint. With a dry strip, staining can be done after preliminary priming.
Painting work indoors
Painting a house inside during cold weather is much easier than doing outside work. But the specifics of painting must be taken into account.
Balcony
Painting a balcony or loggia in an apartment in winter may be required during the sale to improve the surface of walls, ceilings, and floors. Hardest to color cold balcony- it is better to wait for the positive temperature and only then carry out Painting works. If absolutely necessary, you can purchase paint that can withstand low temperatures, wait sunny day, make sure that the walls of the loggia are warmed up sufficiently, paint.
Staining is carried out only in the morning - the coating will dry faster due to the warming of the sun. If there is an outlet, you can take out a heater to the insulated balcony, this will allow you to carry out work efficiently. Acrylic water-based compositions are well suited for the balcony - with their use, poisoning can be avoided, they are environmentally friendly, odorless. These colors enhance thermal insulation characteristics walls, allow them to "breathe", fade and collapse very slowly. If there are plastic or metal parts on the balcony, it is better to varnish them. The lining is covered with acrylic varnish.
Batteries
Painting a battery in winter has a number of features. To paint the radiator, you need to prepare a brush with metal bristles, brushes - simple and radiator with a long handle. You will also need sandpaper, dust brush, knife. Be sure to purchase a primer for metal, paint, solvent. The basic composition must necessarily be suitable for radiators and contain anti-corrosion additives, be non-toxic. Best suited means:
- acrylic;
- alkyd;
- water-dispersion;
- silicone;
- based on heat-resistant varnish;
- zinc.
How many degrees can these enamels withstand? They are designed for a standard temperature of +80 degrees. Some are available in aerosol form - they are sold by spray can, and even the most difficult colors can be easily painted by spraying. hard-to-reach places. Batteries for painting are best removed by shutting off the water supply. If this is not possible, it is worth waiting until the batteries are turned off in the spring. Hot batteries will be painted poorly, the coating will often swell. After cleaning the surface, it is primed, sequential painting is done in 2 layers. Each layer must dry completely.
Window
Coloring wooden windows in frost outside it is undesirable, as well as other wood products. Only the use of heat guns will make it possible to dry the product well, but the complexity of the work will increase significantly. From the inside, painting is carried out in the same way as it is done in warm weather. Old paint must be removed, the surface primed, then a suitable composition applied. Plastic windows you can also paint with special paints if you want to update their color.
What colors are used in winter
Enamels and primers, which are used at low temperatures, are diverse. Their properties:
- do not freeze in the cold;
- suitable for different types materials;
- can be operated at temperatures up to -10 ... -20 degrees;
- form an elastic layer;
- Dries faster than regular paint.
Water-based paints
This type of paint is most in demand in winter. Very popular are the products of Dufa and Batilith, Dulux and Tikkurila, which produce many types of corresponding paints and varnishes. Good frost-resistant paints are produced by the German company Caparol. A number of manufacturers produce frost-resistant water-based paint AK-115, which can withstand up to -20 degrees below zero. Other known materials:
- parade f20;
- Lacra;
- Alpa Façade;
- primer Brite Professional;
- Vincent Muralith F1.
Oil paints
Oil materials are now almost not used. In terms of properties, they are much inferior water-based paints, their service life is not more than 2-3 years. It is necessary to dilute the funds with drying oil, special solvents. Only some paints marked PF, MA, GF are suitable for working in the cold.
Aerosol paints
Enamels in cylinders are used, for the most part, for painting batteries, cars, plastic products. They are quite expensive, but they create a high-quality coating. Popular brands are:
- maxi color;
- Colomix;
- dupli color;
- vixen.
Most paints of this type can be used down to -15 degrees.
Storage temperature of paints and varnishes
Usually allowable temperature storage is indicated on the packaging of the material. According to GOST, paints and varnishes can be stored at a temperature of -40 ... + 40 degrees, but individual conditions may exist for each specific material.
The industrial and construction complexes in our country do not take breaks for the winter, which means that the paint and varnish industry must also meet similar requirements. Although most enamels and lacquers require application at temperatures above 0°C, modern technologies allow the production of a number of materials suitable for painting in the cold season.
Regardless of the material, which is selected depending on the needs, the application itself at sub-zero temperatures has a number of features.
First, an important factor when painting in the cold season is surface preparation. If metal is to be painted, then it is necessary to thoroughly clean it from condensate and ice. And since in most cases it is impossible to cope with a thin layer of ice with brushes and scrapers, it is recommended to additionally heat the surface with a gas burner torch.
Secondly, painting at temperatures from -5°C to 5°C should be avoided, since it is in this temperature range that condensation and dew form on the metal surface. To avoid moisture condensation, the temperature of the surface to be painted must be at least 3°C above the dew point.
Thirdly, in winter period it is expedient to degrease metal surfaces with acetone or R-4 or R-5 solvents.
Fourth, even if the manufacturer allows dyeing at temperatures below 0°C, such weather cannot but affect the drying time of the coating - in comparison with the indicators indicated in the quality certificate, it will increase by 2 or even 3 times.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the storage of enamel - regardless of its composition, it should be stored exclusively in a warm room, in the future the surface to be painted and the paint should be at the same temperature. If possible, the surface to be painted must be warmed up.
The choice of paint and varnish material also needs to be taken very seriously, because the final result depends on this choice - the durability and functionality of the resulting coating.
Paints and varnishes that can be painted at low temperatures:
Enamel KO-870- heat-resistant anti-corrosion enamel KO-870 is designed for protective painting of equipment and metal surfaces exposed to temperatures from -60°C to + 600°C during operation. Heat-resistant enamel has excellent resistance to aggressive environments: petroleum products, salt solutions, mineral oils.
Enamel can be applied at negative temperatures down to -30°C.
Facade enamel KO-174- designed for protective and decorative painting of facades of buildings and structures (concrete, asbestos-cement, brick, plastered surfaces), as well as for anti-corrosion protection of metal surfaces operated in atmospheric conditions, including high humidity. It is applied at temperatures from -30°С to +40°С.
Organosilicate composition OS-12-03- enamel for the protection of metal structures from atmospheric corrosion, as well as corrosion in gaseous media with a slightly aggressive degree of exposure. Temperature regime application from -30°С to +40°С.
Primer-enamel ХВ-0278- chemically resistant primer-enamel for painting metal surfaces with residues of scale and dense rust. Application temperature from -10°C to +25°C.
Primer-enamel “Spetscor”” - coating based on primer-enamel is resistant to UV rays, hydrophobic, has good vapor and air permeability, moisture resistance, frost resistance down to -60°C.
Apply to the surface at an ambient temperature of at least minus 20°C
Enamel HV-124- for painting primed metal surfaces, as well as wooden surfaces operating under atmospheric conditions. Enamel is applied at temperatures from -10° to +35°C.
Enamel ХВ-785- for protection in a complex multi-layer coating of pre-primed equipment surfaces, metal structures, as well as concrete and reinforced concrete building structures, operated indoors, from the impact of aggressive gases, acids, solutions of salts and alkalis at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C. Enamel is applied at temperatures from -10° to +35°C.
What to do if you need to paint the fence, and the outside temperature is negative? A decade ago, the answer would have been obvious: wait for warm weather. Modern technologies offer coloring compositions for use in the cold.
To paint or not to paint
To begin with, we will determine whether it is possible to paint the fence in winter, in terms of the suitability of materials.
The metal does not change its structure when climate and temperature change. The fact is that it does not absorb water, and this is its main advantage. Over time, a fence made of a profiled sheet can only heat up and stretch a little in a linear direction, and when it cools down, return to its shape. Compositions for painting metal are adapted to this quality - they form an elastic film on the surface.
Painting wooden fence not recommended in winter. The fact is that moisture constantly accumulates between the fibers of the tree. At positive temperatures, there is a constant moisture exchange in the wood, in frost the water freezes, expanding the structure of the material, the applied enamel layer will seal the ice, and when thawed, the water will repel the paint and the latter will bubble. In addition, the process of active decay will begin.
Painting the wood is possible, but after the test: several strips of wide adhesive tape are glued to a clean area of \u200b\u200bthe fence. After a day or two, the result is evaluated: if condensation has formed on the surface of the film or there is frost on the inside, then painting will be meaningless. In the absence of water loss, the fence can be covered with a layer of enamel.
Features of work in the winter
Is it possible to paint the fence at sub-zero temperatures - found out. The next question is how to work at negative temperatures. There are several basic rules:
- Use only those intended for use in winter conditions enamel. Basically, these are solvent-based alkyd paints that do not change their consistency in frost. Sellers regulate them as paints for metal, but use on wooden surfaces is allowed.
- The surface to be painted must be dry.
- Metals must be degreased with acetone or isopropanol.
- It is not recommended to work in the temperature range of -5…+50С. If the humidity is high, condensation is more likely.
- The coloring composition must be necessarily warm (above 00C). If the design is large and requires a long time to cover, it is recommended to put a bucket of paint in a container with warm water to maintain a comfortable consistency of the working composition.
- You can often hear advice: warm up the metal with a hairdryer before painting. It is worth remembering that the material has a high heat transfer and instantly cools in the cold. Therefore, you need to paint with a hairdryer in your hands or leave this idea.
Ordinary enamels in the cold dry for a long time - from 3 to 7 days. This should be remembered before applying the second layer. Special formulations dry in 1 hour.
Overview of effective enamels for winter use
Exists a large number of specially designed coloring compositions for operation at low temperatures. They differ from the usual:
- Do not freeze in the cold;
- Forms an elastic layer even in extreme conditions;
- Suitable for wood and metal;
- Combine anti-corrosion, fire, antifungal (for wood) properties;
- Dries quickly compared to conventional formulations.
The main selection criterion is the temperature range of application. And the price, of course, matters.
We will consider the main compositions suitable for painting simple structures.
SEVERON
CJSC Alp-Emal - large domestic manufacturer paint and varnish coatings, supplies the market with the most widely used composition SEVERON, it is used for painting large objects of national importance (oil pipelines, construction cranes, bridges, power lines, etc.).
The coating is fire-resistant, forms a slightly combustible film, resistant to high temperature+150°С. The lower threshold of stability is -60°C.
Painting a metal fence with Severon enamel does not require additional priming, and two or three layers can be applied in one day.
Price - about 130 rubles / liter.
Primer-enamel SEREROL
The product of the same Alp-Emal factory is compatible with different materials, has similar characteristics:
Enamel does not require a primer, but the surface must be free of dirt and grease. The application is carried out with the usual devices - rollers, brushes. Skin contact should not be prolonged.
Price - about 160 rubles / liter.
ORTAMET
This winter-hardy composition is suitable for covering a rusted fence. It is applied at temperatures up to -15 ° C with any tools. The active base transforms the centers of corrosion into a reliable protective covering dark brown or black. Suitable for use on all metals. For the application to be effective and to obtain the ideal effect, it is necessary to remove the old peeling paint from the fence. Drying time "to touch" - 2-3 hours, layer polymerization - about a day under adverse conditions.
Price - about 140 rubles / liter.
ZIMAPRIM
Special compound resistant to chemicals. This can be recommended in areas where roads are abundantly sprinkled with melting substances. If your fence is constantly in contact with treated snow, its outer side can be treated with winterprime. The paint is expensive - about 230 rubles / liter.
Primer-enamel quick-drying on rust "ANTIKOR" winter
Universal enamel for metal, wood, concrete and stone.
The coating is resistant to absolute humidity and wide range temperatures from -60 to + 300°С.
The preparation of the base is carried out in the usual way: removal of old paint, sanding, degreasing. Application is carried out with a roller, brush or spray gun. average price primer-enamels for rust "Anticor" - 190 rubles / liter.
Zinc-filled enamel primer "ZITAN"
This composition is suitable for a low-carbon steel fence. The paint forms a matte protective film, which prevents the penetration of moisture and hides the defects of the metal surface.
Priming enamel FESTPRO XC-7200 ®
There are silicon-containing, chemical-resistant and weather-resistant preparations for winter application, but they are intended for coloring. industrial facilities constantly in contact with aggressive media. Such enamels are expensive and it is irrational to use them for a fence.
Conclusion
Painting the fence in winter is possible, the main thing is to properly prepare the surface and choose the composition. The list of colors is not limited to the above list. Read the instructions, choosing the right composition, this is the main source that will provide information on the application and method of applying the drug to the surface.
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