How to equip a septic tank in the country. Budget options for a septic tank for a summer residence without pumping out - how to do it yourself from different materials. Sewer pipes

To make leisure on a suburban area comfortable and convenient, it makes sense to make a septic tank for a summer residence with your own hands. This procedure is quite simple if you know how and from what to make it.

Septic tank - comfortable life in a country house

More recently, it was customary to call septic tanks storage tanks in which sewage was stored. They were regularly pumped out of such tanks, calling for sewers with special equipment.

Today, a septic tank is an effective and at the same time a fairly simple solution, which makes it possible to treat some of the drains and send them to the ground. At the same time, what is important, no serious harm is done to the environment. When deciding to make a septic tank for a toilet in the country with your own hands, take into account two important requirements:

1. The cleaning structure being erected must function according to the multi-stage cleaning scheme. It is necessary to provide for the presence of 2-3 chambers for a septic tank. In one of them, wastewater will be collected, and then divided into light and solid fractions (the first will float up, and the second will settle to the bottom). The clarified water then flows into another compartment, in which it is purified from various organic matter. In the third tank, the final purification of wastewater and their withdrawal into the soil is carried out.
2. The first two chambers should be sealed. This is necessary in order to guarantee the maximum environmental friendliness of the functioning of the septic tank.

If the cleaning structure is being built for, in which people live permanently, the septic tank should be additionally insulated so that it can be used without problems in any season. In addition, in this case it is recommended to make the cleaner more voluminous than when the dwelling is used exclusively in the warm season.

The material for the construction of a country septic tank is usually European cubes, well reinforced concrete rings, brick, concrete, used car tires. All this will allow you to make a really cheap drain cleaner that will serve you for many decades.

Important about the country mini-septic tank - location and geometric dimensions

A home-made device for sewage treatment is best done 5-10 meters from the house and 2-4 meters from car parks and highways. It is not recommended to place a septic tank at a greater distance from the cottage (15 meters or more), as this will be very irrational.

Firstly, you will have to bury the cleaning chambers deep, because the pipes of the external sewage system must be laid at a certain slope - the longer they are, the deeper the septic tank will need to be “hidden” into the ground. Secondly, blockages on a long sewer pipeline are formed much more often than on a short one. This problem is solved by installing a revision well, but this makes arrangements for arranging a septic tank much more expensive.

Pay attention to the fact that you need to pave a convenient road to the cleaning home-made structure. A sewage truck will regularly drive up along it - all the drains of a cheap septic tank, made by hand, simply cannot be cleaned and put into the soil.

The volume of the wastewater purifier is calculated individually. It all depends on how many people live in a house outside the city, how often they use water. According to generally accepted standards, one person consumes about 200 liters of water in 24 hours. It is worth starting from this indicator when planning to build a septic tank for a summer residence with your own hands. Pros say that for a cottage in which 2–3 people live in the summer, a 4–8 cubic meter septic tank is quite enough.

The depth of laying the cleaning chambers is determined by the level of soil freezing and the level of groundwater flow. It is optimal when the bottom of the septic tank rests on sand layers or on an earth formation with good absorption potential.

It is important to understand that a purification device for a country cottage will effectively decompose wastewater only when a relatively high temperature is maintained in its containers. If the structure cannot be buried below the soil freezing mark, it is necessary to provide for additional insulation of the structure using expanded polystyrene in sheets, expanded clay or foam chips.

A brick septic tank is a simple and reliable solution

For the construction of a country sewage purifier, clinker bricks made of baked clay are often used. This material is affordable, very durable and versatile. Let's see how to make a septic tank in the country from it. The scheme of work is as follows:

1. We dig a 3-4-meter hole with an area of ​​​​about 2.7-3 square meters. A pit of greater depth does not need to be made, since its cleaning can later be difficult. The volume (useful) of such a septic tank will be about 8 cubic meters, which is quite enough for a country cottage, even if it is used year-round.
2. At the bottom of the pit we make a pillow of gravel and install reinforcement on it.
3. We fill the foundation (30 cm in thickness of the base is enough) and wait a few days until it hardens well.
4. We lay out the walls of a mini-septic tank in one brick.
5. To eliminate the danger of bricks getting wet and water from the soil penetrating into the structure, we waterproof the septic tank with penetrating mastic (bitumen can also be used).
6. We sprinkle the walls of the septic tank (external) with ordinary clay.
7. We make jumpers from corrosion-resistant steel or metal.
8. We perform plastering of bricks from the inside, and then by means of bitumen we isolate the structure from moisture (it is advisable to do this operation twice).

Now you need to put a concrete slab (or other floor) on the mini-septic tank and make a simple ventilation duct. It is made from an asbestos pipe 10–12 cm in cross section, which should rise about 0.5 meters above the ground. It is advisable to additionally insulate the inlet pipe from water. You just have to mount a service hatch for servicing a homemade septic tank for the cottage.

Simple tire cleaning design – maximum savings

If you have no particular desire to purchase a brick, it is easy to build a country septic tank with your own hands from used tires. Its device is very simple. The scheme of work is as follows:

1. Dig a pit, on the bottom of which a layer of rubble is placed as an elementary filter for drains.
2. Lay the tires in a slide (on top of each other) and connect them together (pierce holes in the tires and tie them). The number of tires should be such that they fill almost the entire excavated pit.
3. Run a pipe into the pit through which dirty water will flow.
4. From above, cover the resulting structure with a shield made of wood or other material.

Immediately, we note that such a simple septic tank does not clean drains well and needs quite frequent periodic pumping. It cannot be operated in winter (at sub-zero temperatures, it literally freezes through). The design of tires is optimal for a country house, where people relax exclusively in the summer and use little plumbing benefits.

A septic tank made of plastic eurocubes is an excellent drain cleaner

Containers, rectangular in cross section, in which bulk and liquid materials, called eurocubes, are transported and stored, are perfect for building a mini-septic tank for a private house. Such a container costs a penny, has a large volume (up to 1000 liters) and is simply mounted due to its low weight.

When using plastic cubes, some important features of working with them should be taken into account:

1. Tanks must be fixed to the concrete bottom of the cleaning structure by means of cables or tie-down straps, otherwise they will float when your site is flooded during floods or heavy rainfall.
2. Eurocubes require when installing the bedding from the outside (do not forget to tamp it well).
3. It is necessary to lead a straight sewer pipe into a plastic container - without any turns. When a bend cannot be avoided, an additional well should be installed in its place.
4. The cube is always placed on a sand cushion (thickness - at least 0.3 m). Otherwise, there is a high probability of violating the integrity of the container due to local overloads and loads.
5. It is obligatory to insulate (very carefully) Eurocubes with expanded clay or ordinary slag.

The scheme for the construction of a septic tank from plastic containers is as follows:

1. We take two cubes.
2. Concrete pit for tanks.
3. We launch two pipes into the first plastic cube - overflow and inlet. The hole in the containers must be made with an 11 cm annular cutter. Please note - the overflow pipe must be located below the inlet (at least 20 cm).
4. We connect eurocubes with a pipe.
5. In the second plastic container we make a hole and insert the exhaust pipe into it.
6. We carefully seal the outputs and inputs using a reliable silicone compound.
7. We place the structure of the Eurocubes in a prepared and concreted pit prepared according to their size.
8. We put foam sheets on the sides of the tanks and concrete the free space (the concrete shell protects the tanks from earth pressure).
9. We warm the made septic tank and fill it with soil.

Choose which sewage treatment device from the proposed options suits you in all respects, and feel free to proceed with the independent construction of a septic tank.

Living in the country will become more comfortable if it has sewage. Installing a septic tank with your own hands is much cheaper than buying a ready-made one, and in terms of its characteristics, it is in no way inferior to it.

A septic tank is an autonomous sewage system, which, due to its design, allows pumping out no more than once every 5-10 years. Drains are not only collected in it, but are also cleaned.

The operation of the septic tank is based on the principle of multi-stage cleaning. Structurally, it consists of several chambers, in the first of which effluents accumulate and separate liquid and solid household waste. Only liquids enter the second chamber, which, in turn, are cleaned of organic impurities. The more chambers the septic tank consists of, the cleaner the water will be at the outlet.

Depending on the functionality of the septic tank can be divided into:
- accumulative - when using them, regular pumping is necessary, since all waste is accumulated in one container. Because of this, they are not very convenient and economical;
- equipped with a filtration system - consisting of several chambers, from which, after cleaning, the liquid enters the soil;
- with deep bio-cleaning - the functionality is similar to the filtration system, but in addition, chemicals and special bacteria are used for disinfection.

Depending on the shape and design, they can be divided into horizontal and vertical, underground and surface.

You can build a septic tank with your own hands from any convenient material - reinforced concrete rings, brick, plastic, metal. An important role in the selection is played by the availability of groundwater.

The choice of the location of the septic tank, volume and material

Starting to build a septic tank with your own hands, first of all, you need to decide on its location. The recommended distance from residential buildings is about 5 meters.

To avoid collapse, do not bury it near a parking lot or roadway.

Important! Do not remove the septic tank at a distance of more than 15 meters. Since the sewer pipe is brought to it at an angle, the greater the distance from the house, the lower it must be buried.

The next step is to calculate the optimal size of the septic tank. If 3-4 people live in a private house, then a capacity of 1000 liters is enough. If an autonomous sewer is intended for a seasonal dacha, then the volume may be less.

Soil analysis will help you choose which material is better to use for construction. If groundwater passes nearby, it is recommended to use plastic (Eurocubes).

In a private house, an autonomous sewage system is additionally equipped with pumps and compressors for better cleaning. In the country, you can use conventional models.

Septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings

A septic tank for giving from concrete rings has its advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages, it can be distinguished that it is easily mounted without the involvement of specialists and has a relatively low cost.

Disadvantages - low tightness, which may cause leakage of contaminated water, as well as the need for regular pumping.

A septic tank made of concrete rings can consist of one or two chambers in which drains settle.

Important! If an autonomous sewer will be used in the country seasonally, then one concrete ring is enough. If a washing machine, a bathtub are installed in the house and regular use is planned, it is better to choose a design of two rings.

The construction of a septic tank from concrete rings takes place in several stages:
- pit preparation. You can dig a pit manually, its depth is determined by the number of rings used to achieve the required volume. If the septic tank will consist of two chambers, then the base of the first is concreted;
— Installation of rings. A rather time-consuming task, which may require specialized equipment. If the rings are carelessly lowered, they may burst;
- bringing pipes to the septic tank and organizing overflow between the tanks;
- waterproofing of joints - both outside and inside. It is not worth saving on materials for sealing, in order to avoid leakage of waste;
- backfilling the rings with soil and covering with concrete slabs.

Installation of a septic tank from concrete rings: video

After some time, an unpleasant odor may appear from such a septic tank, which will be eliminated by the ventilation system. Cesspools are pumped out of concrete as the tank is filled.

Septic tank from eurocubes

Eurocubes are plastic (polyethylene) containers surrounded by a frame made of profiles.

Autonomous sewage from eurocubes has a lot of advantages:
— low cost of materials and quick installation;
- resistance to aggressive environments (both outside and inside);
- complete tightness;
- ease of operation.

Disadvantages:
- when choosing containers with thin walls, there is a high risk of plastic deformation from loads;
- insufficient insulation can lead to freezing;
- flood waters can push the container out, so when installing in high-risk areas, it must be well secured.

It is quite easy to build a septic tank from European cubes with your own hands, knowing the technology of work.

Installation of a septic tank from a eurocube: video

Two eurocubes will be required for construction. Work technology:
- preparation of a pit for tanks and trenches for pipes;
- combining eurocubes by means of a pipe and fixing them relative to each other with reinforcement;
— concreting the base of the pit;
– installation of eurocubes and fixing them in case of flooding;
— foam insulation from all sides;
- piping.

When mounting a septic tank from Eurocubes with your own hands, special attention must be paid to waterproofing and sealing. Since all holes for the pipes will be cut by hand, liquid leakage is possible at the joints.

Cesspools are pumped out of eurocubes in a private house as the tank is filled. If an autonomous sewage system is not used in winter, it must be mothballed to avoid freezing.

concrete septic tank

A concrete septic tank can be one-, two- or three-chamber. When deciding which is better, it should be borne in mind that even a single-chamber is cleaned every 3-5 years.

In addition to the fact that concrete cesspools are rarely pumped out, they have a lot of other advantages:
- increased tightness;
- do not float, unlike plastic ones;
- have a long service life.

You can build a concrete septic tank with your own hands in several stages:
- preparation of the pit;
- reinforcement of the bottom and walls of the pit with rods or wire;
- pouring the bottom with concrete;
- installation of formwork and preparation of holes for pipes;
- pouring with concrete (produced gradually, in several layers);
- installation of the upper floor and pouring it with concrete.

It can be used both as a septic tank for summer cottages with temporary residence, and in a private house.

Septic tanks: ready-made solutions

A septic tank for a summer residence does not always require a thorough construction. Sometimes it is necessary only to drain water from a washbasin or from a bath.

In this case, you can get by, for example, with tires or plastic barrels, from which the bottom must first be removed. Both of them are buried in the ground and are not airtight. In a private house, this option cannot be used due to the presence of a toilet.

Also, there are many ready-made solutions at the present time. And this is actually one of the best options that you should take a closer look at!

Choosing which option is better should be based on the requirements of the tenants.

A septic tank for giving with your own hands today is not difficult. This is a very economical and easy way to take care of your sewers. Each person, when he comes to the country, does not want to lose his comfort zone, especially when problems with the drain system overtake, which has very unpleasant consequences. Therefore, in our article we will tell you about the features of a septic tank for a summer residence and how to create it yourself.

• The septic tank must function on the basis of multi-stage cleaning - this is provided to it by two or three chambers as part of the structure;
• There must be complete tightness of the chambers, except for the last compartment, only in this case the device will be environmentally friendly.
• It is better to use a mini device, as it will be more rational.

Choosing a place for a septic tank

If you plan to install a septic tank in your country house with your own hands, then you need to wisely choose a location that will comply with all sanitary standards. What are these rules:

• The device must be located at a distance of more than 5 meters from the house and 3 meters from outbuildings;
• The distance from the road is better to do more than 2 meters;
• It is also worth considering that it is unreasonable to put it far from home, since the pipeline will cost a pretty penny, so the optimal distance is 15 meters;
• You need to choose the right distance between the septic tank and the places of water intake, not only on your site, but also on the neighbor's.

The choice of the installation depth of the septic tank

The depth to which the sump sinks is calculated based on the level of groundwater. For optimal bacterial activity, a positive temperature is necessary, so you need to pay attention to the possibility of soil freezing. If the situation is hopeless, then it is necessary to insulate the system.

You can maintain the temperature with:

• Shredded foam;
• From expanded clay;
• Wrapping the sump with sheets of expanded polystyrene.

Note: it is very good if the bottom has absorbent structures such as sand.

Volume selection

The volume always depends on the scale of sewage and the amount of plumbing used. So if a country house is popular in the summer, then we need a small septic tank. It is also possible to use mini devices. If it is used as a permanent place of residence, then it is worth calculating the volume based on the average amount of water consumed by a person per day - this is 200 liters.

Important! Large septic tanks should be preferred in the case when the sewer belongs to several houses.

Material for a septic tank

When designing drawings, in order to install a septic tank for a summer house with your own hands, you first need to decide on the material from which we will make it. The most popular of them:

• Reinforced concrete rings;
• Eurocube;
• Concrete.

Also on sale are ready-made plastic structures.

Basically, for giving preference to mini versions that do not depend on electricity.

Attention! Sometimes volatile mini models are also installed, but this happens if the family is planning a long stay in the country.

The main stages of creating a septic tank for a summer residence

To make a septic tank in the country, you must adhere to this sequence

1. We prepare the materials that we need for work. Basically, these are: concrete, reinforcement, crushed stone, sand, various pipes and others.
2. The next stage is earthworks;
3. We install pipes that correspond to the desired slope;
4. We reinforce sealed compartments;
5. We build formwork from boards and concrete walls;
6. While the concrete dries, we install a well for filtration;
7. The last step is to cover the device with a hatch.

Important! When installing a country septic tank with our own hands, we should think about strengthening the filtration - this can be done with the help of bacteria that are purchased in the store. And your sewer will always function well.

Earthworks - a pit for a septic tank

This stage is one of the simplest, but with a certain physical load. Before installing the sump, it is necessary to prepare the pit. It would be best to use the services of a welder.

The bottom of the pit must be compacted and the surface properly leveled. After that, we create a layer of sand, 20 cm thick. The further list of works depends on the material from which the septic tank is made. This is what we will look at in the following sections.

Stages of construction of a septic tank from well rings

This is one of the most popular and simplest septic tanks that you can build in the country on your own. The main material is ready-made reinforced concrete rings, the number of which depends on the dimensions of the mini device.

Advice! If you buy well rings, then you must immediately purchase both the bottom and the ceiling.

Its construction includes the following stages:

• In the pit, the bottom is carefully concreted to maintain tightness, and the place of the filter is covered with rubble;
• Rings fall gradually one on top of the other;

Advice! It is better to use special equipment for mounting the rings, since the rings are heavy.

• We connect all planned pipes;
• We make waterproofing of the entire surface;
• The last stage is backfilling and installation of the floor.

Concrete septic tank. Mounting Features

This is the most durable sump that will last a very long time, almost an eternity. So if you decide to make a country septic tank with your own hands, then we advise you to pay attention to it.

The main stages of construction include:

• The first thing we do is concreting the bottom and reinforcing it;

Important! The best mesh sizes for reinforcement are 10 mm in diameter, and the cell area is 20 by 20 cm.

• We make a concrete layer on top with a thickness of at least 3 cm - this will help to avoid corrosion;
• Next, we mount partitions and formwork;
• And the last - fill the overlap.

Stages of building a device from eurocubes

Another popular material is the eurocube. The pit is made to its size. It is very important not to forget to concrete the bottom before installing a plastic septic tank. In order for the device to withstand the pressure of the earth, it is necessary to make concrete layers on the walls, so to speak, place the mechanism in a concrete case. Eurocube can be both mini and large. It depends on what capacity you choose or the number of cameras you will install.

A distinctive feature is the mandatory presence of filtration fields - this is very important for the functioning of sewer cleaning.

Main stages:

• If the site is ready, then you can install the rings. There are usually 4-5 of them.
• The sewer does not consist of a single well;
• We mount filters in the second well, and then we can create a mini model of a septic tank;
• Drill required holes for pipes;

Advice! You can buy eurocubes already with holes.

• We tightly install pipes;
• The last step is covering the wells.

Conclusion: now you know how to properly build a septic tank for a summer residence individually. Your sewer deserves the best cleaning!

The dream of any summer resident is a smoothly functioning sewerage system. To save money, many are trying to equip the sewer system with their own hands by building a storage well from improvised means. The choice in this case is small - simpler in execution, or a multi-chamber septic tank with the ability to filter liquid into the ground.

Morally obsolete cesspools require increased attention during maintenance - the storage tank overflows quite often. In such cases, it is required to call the sewers or clean the pit on your own. It is difficult to call this work pleasant.

The characteristic smell that curls around the sewer and the need for regular cleaning make traditional sewers obsolete structures that require urgent modernization.

Appointment of septic tanks

The transitional option between a cesspool and a modern biological treatment plant is the one already mentioned, built taking into account all technical and sanitary standards.

Its direct purpose is to settle the liquid with its subsequent filtration into the soil. The septic tank protects the environment from the ingress of substances hazardous to human health. After passing through the process of settling, followed by decay, clarification of drains and filtration of liquid into the ground, sewage waste becomes safe.

Of course, such processing cannot be called 100% effective. If they are drained into the sewer harsh chemicals-, drugs, alcohol, alkalis, it is almost impossible to get rid of them. In such cases, experts recommend installing a volumetric sealed septic tank and regularly pump out its contents, preventing soil contamination. In other cases, it is allowed to install a structure with a filter chamber that does not require regular pumping.

Device and materials

A home-made septic tank should consist of two, and preferably three tanks, interconnected with pipes into a single structure according to the principle of communicating vessels.

The first tank is designed to receive wastewater and pre-settlement. The volume of this compartment is half of the total capacity of the entire structure. After filling the tank, the liquid flows freely into the second chamber, in which sedimentation also takes place - heavy organic fractions settle to the bottom and rot without oxygen, and the liquid gradually becomes clearer.

The third tank is for filtration. Its bottom is perforated. About a third or more of the compartment is filled with any filter material. For example, broken red brick or rubble. An additional sand cushion, up to 0.5 meters thick, is arranged under the tank, providing reliable water purification before it seeps into the ground. Also, water from the third tank can be diverted to additional filtration fields or drained into.

The sludge that has settled at the bottom of the septic tanks must be pumped out once or twice a year to ensure the proper operation of the sewer.

To build such a treatment plant, craftsmen use a variety of building materials and containers:

• Bricks. The clinker type of this building material is used. Construction requires certain skills in working with masonry. Outside, waterproofing is additionally provided with special mastic and backfilling with clay. Inside the well must be covered with a solution of cement.
• Concrete. The bottom is poured, followed by the construction of formwork and the erection of concrete walls. The structure is strengthened at the pouring stage with the help of iron fittings. The finished structure is treated with a sealant.
• Concrete rings are a lightweight version of a concrete structure. Usually, no more than four rings are used so that the septic tank does not sink under its own weight during operation. For work, it is necessary to attract special equipment or use a winch. The seams between the rings are carefully concreted and treated with bituminous mastic to ensure waterproofing.
• Containers made of plastic or metal are quite a budget material. Especially if used barrels are used. The disadvantages of the metal include its susceptibility to corrosion processes, which cannot be said about plastic. Barrels made of plastic or eurocubes are resistant to moisture and any aggressive environment, they tolerate low temperatures and soil pressure well.

When choosing a building material, you must consider:

• features of the use of sewage (quality of incoming water);
• the depth of groundwater - with their high location, it is forbidden to use filter wells;
• quality of building material;
• their construction skills and financial capabilities (for example, not everyone knows how to do masonry on their own, and special equipment will be required to work with concrete rings).

Device diagram

When placing sewerage on the site, first of all, its distance from residential buildings, roads, public reservoirs, and personal sources of drinking water is taken into account. The main sanitary and technical standards are spelled out in a special document - SNIP.

According to these requirements, it is necessary to place septic tanks:

• no closer than 50 meters from a well or well;
• 10 meters from rivers and 30 meters from reservoirs;
• 5 meters from houses and roads;
• a meter from the boundaries of the site and 3 meters from fruit trees.

Be sure to take into account the depth of groundwater! Filtration cannot be carried out at its high occurrence to the soil surface.

The bottom of the prepared pit is lined with a sand cushion (20-30 cm). At the location of the filtering well, sand is poured up to 50 cm. Gravel or gravel is laid out on the sand, and then the floor is concreted. On this reliable foundation, the design of the septic tank is installed. It is recommended to additionally secure plastic containers to prevent them from floating up and being squeezed out of the ground.

Between themselves, wells or containers are connected in series with plastic pipes. Their installation is carried out using tees and sealant. The hatches of the septic tank are insulated, and the settling tanks are equipped with ventilation risers. Ventilation is especially important if special oxygen-sensitive sewers are to be used.

How to make a septic tank with your own hands

As a do-it-yourself design, you can consider concrete septic tank.

materials

To carry out the work, you will need the following tools and building materials:

• sand and cement;
• formwork boards;
• reinforcement for strengthening the structure;
• concrete mixer or container for mixing the solution;
• shovels and buckets for earthworks;
• drill.

The working process

Work order:

1. The pit is dug out taking into account all sanitary standards - at the required distance from residential buildings and other objects located on the territory. It is believed that it is necessary to deepen it to a sandy layer or rubble. These soil layers will ensure proper fluid filtration.
2. Formwork is mounted from the boards around the perimeter of the pit. A drill makes holes in it, which will later be used for drainage (installation of plastic pipe trimmings).
3. Then jumpers are installed (drainage holes do not need to be made in them!) With blanks in the form of holes for overflow pipes.
4. Sewer and overflow pipes are mounted in a finished wooden structure.
5. At the next stage, pouring is performed (two parts of crushed stone and sand are taken for one part of cement). For reinforcement, a metal corner, fittings, rods are used.
6. The formwork is dismantled after the concrete has completely dried. Partitions inside the septic tank (between compartments) can be made of old brick.
7. The entire structure is treated from the inside with a sealant for additional waterproofing.
8. The top floor is made of concrete. Reinforcement is used for reinforcement. Openings are left in the ceiling for ventilation risers made of asbestos cement or polyvinyl chloride. A technical hatch is also arranged, designed to remove silt.

Important Points

During construction work, it should be taken into account that technical errors can lead to incorrect operation of the entire sewer system.

To avoid trouble, you must:

• ensure a sufficient slope of the sewer flow towards the septic tank;
• avoid sharp pipe turns to protect the system from clogging;
• equip the slope of the overflow pipes between the compartments of the septic tank (the inlet pipe must be located above the outlet!);
• do not build filter wells at a high level of groundwater - this is unsafe for the environment, residents of the cottage and neighbors.

Selection of bacteria

To make the septic tank more efficient, it is recommended to use bacteria. Two types of bacteria are suitable for processing sewage: aerobic (oxygen-dependent) and anaerobic (putrefactive). Anaerobic bacteria live in any conditions, but aerobic bacteria are extremely sensitive to oxygen. To ensure their vital activity, the septic tank must be equipped, or at least with ventilation pipes.

When choosing bacteria, it must be taken into account that they are of several types:

• universal, suitable for any conditions and purposes;
• living in drains with a high content of fats and household chemicals;
• used for the conservation of sewers for the winter;
• used to start a septic tank in the spring.

It is also necessary to familiarize yourself with customer reviews, instructions and product range, and make a choice in favor of a reliable brand.

Such equipment plays a very important role in the waste processing complex.

Do you want to modernize your pumping station qualitatively? Then make an ejector with your own hands! How - read in

The country septic tank solves the most important sanitary problem - it helps the liquid household waste removed from the premises to be thoroughly cleaned and disposed of. We are talking about those dachas where comfortable conditions are created, close to those in the city: a toilet bowl in the toilet, a washstand with a drain, sometimes a shower and other “amenities” that a modern person does not want to part with even outside the city.

There is no centralized sewerage system in dachas and residential buildings of the private sector. Therefore, sooner or later the question arises of how to solve the problem yourself. Today, there are many excellent products for the installation of sewer systems on sale, and you can buy a ready-made factory septic tank.

A simplified alternative that is in great demand is the independent manufacture of a septic tank. After all, often objects, materials and details are used that happen to be at hand. Any inveterate summer resident stores all kinds of metal flasks, tanks, wire and hose cuts, pipes, mesh, rubber, and so on in his barn. All of this can come in handy.

Most often, a dacha is a small house with low attendance, where water and sewerage are infrequently used. Accordingly, a small-capacity septic tank is quite enough. There are also very expensive models aimed at the elite public - for use in expensive dachas, in country houses of wealthy owners who visit their lands all year round.

The most widely used are models of the "economy" class. Their technological essence consists in the accumulation of wastewater in a tank until a sewage truck arrives or pumping with a hand pump begins. That is, a storage septic tank is a device similar to a banal cesspool, but with improved sanitary and hygienic arrangements.

A small, quiet family with a rare arrival of guests needs a 3.5-7 cubic meter septic tank. For tiny country houses for 1-2 pensioners, septic tanks of the "Microbe" type (they are sold in stores) with a capacity of 450-600 liters and a capacity of 150-450 liters / day are ideal. Their height is not more than 1.5 meters, installation is simple, even 1 middle-aged man can dig a mini-pit. You can make a similar design yourself by examining its device in the store.

Advantages of finished products

No wonder the shops abound with goods of this direction. There is a demand - there is a supply. And that's why ready-made septic tanks are in demand:

Disadvantages of purchased septic tanks

So why do many summer residents prefer homemade septic tanks? Because ready-made ones have such negative sides as:

• high cost of manufactured goods(compared to handicraft products), which is due to the fact that all the details are made on high-tech equipment;

• the need to call a specialist to troubleshoot any problems that may arise in the system. And this is not always possible;

• the complexity of installing a local sewage system, which implies additional costs for special equipment and professional workers.

Making a septic tank for a summer residence on your own

Do-it-yourself country septic tanks adequately cope with the task of cleaning domestic wastewater. You just need to follow the procedure, plan them in advance, correctly calculate all sizes and distances, take into account the nature of the soil and its freezing, the amount of water used in the country (this figure depends on the number of residents and guests, house attendance).

Sequence of work

In general terms, the workflow is as follows:

• productivity is calculated;
• measurements are taken;

  

• digging a pit;

  

• a concrete or sand cushion is formed (as an option - crushed stone, pebbles);

  

• the septic tank is placed in the pit;

  

  

• pipes are connected;
• the septic tank is filled with water;
• dug earth is returned to the pit;

  

• the earth above the septic tank is rammed;
• as necessary, the waste is pumped out by a pump or an exit cesspool.

As you can see, a simple, efficient and inexpensive do-it-yourself country septic tank is essentially a storage tank. We will not consider the creation of a more complex design for deep cleaning (with compressors, a septic chamber, an aerator, etc.), because It is best to do this with the involvement of specialists. Let's dwell on those moments that can cause difficulties.

Performance calculation

Relatively speaking, 1 adult leaves behind about 200 liters of wastewater per day. This includes the use of the toilet, bathroom, washing dishes after eating, laundry. When constructing a septic tank, it is assumed that sewage is present in its tank for three days.

Suppose three people come to the dacha regularly at the same time.

The formula is simple: x x \u003d 1800 l.

Please note that all indicators are averaged, because someone spends more water, someone less.

Now let's think about additional visitors to your dacha. Let's say there are also three of them on average (sometimes 2, sometimes 4). So, the calculation must be done not for three, but for six (three owners and three guests) - when all six are present at the dacha at the same time, the amount of water consumed will be maximum. This means that the final figure in our formula doubles (productivity is not for three, but for six): 1800 x 2 \u003d 3600 liters.

Thus, with 3 permanent residents and 3 guests at the dacha, the optimal performance of the septic tank will be 600 l / day, which means that the volume of the tank is about 3.5-4 cubic meters.

In general, a lot depends on the intensity of your country life. If at your dacha there are often noisy companies in which there are water lovers, immediately plan a serious treatment system, do not waste time on trifles.

materials

To make the main tank, any containers made of waterproof and unbreakable materials are useful - metal, plastic, thick polyethylene.

Attention! Thin glass, non-reinforced ceramics are not suitable - cracking is inevitable during soil freezing.

Also great are used car tires, used asbestos and concrete pipes, and in general everything that can be used to create a container for waste liquids. Separately, we will focus on European cubes. This is a simple ready-made solution: a plastic container in a metal crate. In each region, they are easy to find for sale, and used (tangible cost savings!).

Having built a country septic tank, carefully monitor its operation for a couple of seasons of operation. At this stage, the soil returned to the excavation during the backfilling process is still loose and you have the opportunity to once again penetrate inside, correct and improve something.

Video - Do-it-yourself country septic tank

Video - Country septic tank from tires

Video - Septic tank from European cubes