Insulating materials for walls. Thermal insulation materials types and properties. Mineral thermal insulation material

First you need to consider the benefits of high-quality sound insulation. Sound-absorbing materials should ideally provide:

• opportunity to relax and unwind;
• the absence of extraneous sounds that prevent you from concentrating on a particular lesson;
• complete sleep.

It is not possible to achieve 100% noise isolation, nor is it necessary. It is enough to reduce extraneous sounds to a level where they do not cause irritation and do not interfere good rest. Soundproofing materials will perfectly cope with this task.

It is known that noise is the sound vibrations of air. They are able to influence a person, and most often negatively.

Annoying sounds include:

• loud conversations behind the wall of flatmates;
• sounds of power tools during construction and repair work;
• activities of household appliances;
• extraneous noise from the street;
• operation of communication systems;
• many other actions unpleasant for our hearing.

Soundproofing materials, with which it will be possible to provide high-quality soundproofing of walls and partitions in a new building or a long-standing residential building, are diverse. These include polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, mineral wool and cork. You will learn about them in this article.

Styrofoam is a modern product for soundproofing an apartment or house. It is a foamed plastic gas-filled mass of white color.

Its main volume is occupied by gas, the density of which is much lower than the density of the polymer - the main raw material of the product. This is due to the high heat soundproofing properties foam.

Specifications and properties of foam

Polyfoam is produced by both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The Knauf Corporation produces it by the non-pressing method from foamed polystyrene. Each cell consists of dense cells, and each cell contains 98% air and 2% polystyrene.

If you need foam, then as an example, you can use products that are made from environmentally friendly raw materials. A flame retardant is added to the composition, because such material:

• not amenable to combustion;
• not subject to decay;
• not afraid of exposure to microorganisms;
• has a high service life.

Styrofoam is one of the most popular for insulation of partitions in an apartment. First of all, this is due to its physico-chemical properties, safety and operation characteristics.

The table below describes the main parameters.

Thanks to modern technologies and equipment, it is now possible to produce foam plastic of various mechanical strength, density, resistance to various types of impact. Products made from it are safe for humans, therefore they are widely used in the food industry; goods and products intended for our nutrition are packaged in it.

Polyfoam is widely used in other industries and has the following advantages:

• resistant to moisture and aging;
• it is not capable of being affected by microorganisms;
• it is easy to work with it, it is cut hand saw or a knife;
• easily sticks together with other materials intended for partitions and walls in an apartment or outside the house;
• easy to install.

Polyfoam is a waterproof material, but at the same time it has a high rate of breathability. The temperature at which it is located is not capable of adversely affecting the properties of the material. For example, at a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, the foam will not change its properties over a long period.

Many developers, choosing materials for soundproofing in a residential area, opt for polystyrene foam. First of all, it is necessary to note its operational and technical properties:

1. Low thermal conductivity, due to which the air is evenly distributed inside the material.
2. Durability. Subject to all operating conditions, the foam will last a long time. Even with the passage of time, he is not able to change his properties.
3. Resistance to various destructions - weak acids, alkalis, moisture. It is important that the material is chemically neutral.

The industry produces GOST 15588-86 foam grades listed in the table.

And the indicators for physical and mechanical properties must comply with the GOST standards, which are indicated in the table below.

In order to install foam on the wall, use special glue or a dowel with a wide cap.

Let's consider the first option. Some experts prefer dry mixes on cement base, which are distinguished by their durability, reliability and high level of adhesion.

But you can also use aerosol polyurethane types in your work. The laying technology consists of the following steps:

1. The plates are laid on the starting bar, which is fixed along the perimeter of the surface to be treated. This is done with dowels, the pitch is 300-400 mm.
2. The surface must be clean, free of dust and dirt.
3. Break up the glue. There are exact instructions on the package: pour the mixture into cold water and stir with a construction mixer. Then the composition is left for 5 minutes, for maturation, and re-mixed.
4. Using a spatula, glue is applied to the plates, evenly distributing it around the perimeter and with a few slaps in the middle.
5. The foam is placed on the bar and pressed strongly in those places where the glue is located.
6. Care must be taken to ensure that there is no distortion of the plate. You can control this process using a level. Inaccuracies are corrected by light tapping with a hand or a hammer on the plate. But do not forget to do this through a wooden block so that the foam does not destroy.
7. Plates are laid horizontally from below. The next row is already performed in a checkerboard pattern, so that a dressing of the joints is formed.
8. The seams are filled with glue, the excess is removed with a spatula. Next, the glue is allowed to dry, sometimes it takes 2-3 days.

The second option makes it possible to fix the foam with a special dowel. It has a wide cap, which makes its contact with the surface significantly increased and it reliably presses the plate against the wall. A hole of the required depth is drilled in the wall with a puncher. There should be 5 such holes on the sheet - in the corners and in the middle.

The dowel should sink into the foam, and not protrude from it. Otherwise, when puttying, you will have to spend a lot of material. Just don't push too hard or the foam will crack.

Sometimes, for reliability, foam professionals stick it on the wall and fix each sheet with dowels. This method common in cases where the surface of the wall is uneven. Then the glue is applied in the corners and in the center of the plate. Then the foam is pressed to the base. And then at the same points it is attracted by plastic dowels - "fungi", adjusting the evenness of the sheet along the plane and fixing it in a given position.

Many experts believe that foam is better suited for soundproofing partitions and walls. It is easy to install, does not require knowledge of special skills, is easily cut with a knife and lasts a long time.

Before starting a descriptive characterization of Styrofoam, it is necessary to distinguish between it and Styrofoam. There is an opinion that this is the same sound-absorbing material, since the composition is identical - air and styrene (hydrogen + carbon).

So, the differences between polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam are as follows:

1. Different manufacturing technology - the first is produced by processing with dry steam, the second - by melting polystyrene foam granules.
2. Differences in the characteristics of production methods.

Technical characteristics and properties of expanded polystyrene

This product is just as famous in construction as Styrofoam. Many people choose expanded polystyrene because it has:

1. High strength - the material never crumbles, bending resistance is 5-6 times higher than the foam. That is why it is better to use it in places that are sometimes subjected to mechanical stress, for example, for partitions in an apartment.
2. A high rate of sound insulation due to the presence of many voids in the polymer.
3. The density is several times higher than the parameters of the foam, so its weight is greater.

Expanded polystyrene is a material whose characteristics in some cases exceed the parameters of polystyrene. Despite this, the latter polymer is recommended for light duty applications where expensive materials are not required.

In accordance with GOST 30244-94, the fire hazard of raw polystyrene foam has a flammability class G4. So, its ignition can come from:

• match flame;
• blowtorch;
• oxy-fuel sparks.

The material stores energy from a heat source, propagates fire, and initiates flame amplification. The fire safety index depends on the additives that are used in the production of the material. The temperature regime of ignition is determined by the certification class.

Ordinary expanded polystyrene (G4) reaches 1200 ° C in a short time, and having special additives (flame retardants) in its composition, reduces the combustion temperature and corresponds to the G1 flammability class.

When Styrofoam burns, toxic smoke is produced. At ordinary material it is 36 times larger in volume than wood, in particular, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen bromide and other substances are released. And depending on the impurities that are part of the expanded polystyrene, the smoke acquires a different intensity and degree of release of harmful substances.

Expanded polystyrene products with flammability class G4 are not allowed for use in construction. Only material modified with special additives is used in the work. It is called self-extinguishing and has a flammability class G1. Domestic manufacturers mark it with the letter "C" (PSB-S).

To ensure high-quality sound insulation of partitions in rooms, it is recommended to pay attention to a polymer whose thickness is 2-3 cm. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account that soundproofing qualities will increase with increasing thickness. Before buying, break off a piece of material, if at the fracture site it has granules in the form of regular polyhedra, then the polymer is of high quality.

Consider in the table below the dimensions, volume and weight of expanded polystyrene sheets manufactured by Knauf Corporation:

Expanded polystyrene boards are considered one of the most affordable sound insulators on the construction market. They withstand loads of 6 t/m 2 , are easy to install and durable.

polyurethane foam

Soundproofing materials include material such as polyurethane foam. This is a type of plastic with a cellular foam structure. The composition of the material is dominated by a gaseous substance, the content of which varies from 85% to 90% of the total mass. The polymer consists of many thousands of cells, each of which is isolated from the others.

There are two types of polyurethane foam:

1. Foam rubber is an elastic type of the presented polymer, the density of which reaches from 5-35% per 1 m 3.
2. Rigid polyurethane foam available in over thirty grades (suitable for insulating indoor partitions).

The characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam used for soundproofing walls and partitions in rooms include:

• low thermal conductivity;
• light weight;
• high level strength;
• no need to use fasteners;
• high anti-corrosion protection of metal structures;
• there are no cold bridges in this polymer;
• insulation can take various forms;
• proven environmental friendliness - in accordance with hygiene standards, it can be used in a food refrigerator.

Polymer sputtering is possible on many materials (in which its versatility is manifested) - on wood, glass surfaces, metal and other coatings. It does not matter the configuration of the surface. An important point is the resistance of the polymer to acid, the possibility of using in the ground.

When working with polyurethane foam, it must be remembered that direct exposure to sunlight is not desirable for it.

The durability of PPU is 25-30 years, subject to the rules of use. Excellent climate-resistant parameters of the material, in particular its resistance to moisture, have been confirmed. According to the flammability class, it belongs to the categories G1-G4. The polymer contains flame retardants that prevent the spread of fire.

When exposed to open flame, the material tends to burn. But in its deep layers there is no flame propagation. This is explained by the cellular structure of the material and the fact that trichloroethyl phosphate, a fire retardant, is present in its composition. Therefore, this material of the G1 and G2 combustibility groups is allowed to be used in kindergartens and schools.

Polyurethane foam is also resistant to microorganisms and decay processes.

The physical properties of this material can be seen in the following table.

The popularity of such a building material is explained by the fact that specialists have the opportunity to get it right at the place of use. Liquid products, mixed in certain proportions, create a chemical reaction with simultaneous foaming. Which is sometimes very convenient and physically justified during construction processes.

Just remember that working with polyurethane foam requires specialized equipment and personal protective equipment.

If you are interested in information about polyurethane foam and all its properties, then in more detail this information can be found in the article ""

Basalt wool

Sound-absorbing materials include rock wool, also known as stone wool. It is used for soundproofing walls, decorative partitions and ceilings in the apartment. Products made from it are supplied in the form of slabs or rolls.

The table below shows the types of components and specifications.

The named material has a lot of advantages, among which thermal insulation stands out. This quality is confirmed by a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, heat loss is the lowest of all heat insulators. In addition to the above qualities, there are a number of other advantages:

1. The material is not destroyed when exposed to an aggressive environment or chemical substances. Basalt wool does not externally change its appearance and does not lose its qualities. She is not afraid of fungi and microorganisms.
2. The durability of the material is guaranteed by the manufacturer, it reaches 30-40 years. True, experts say that a couple of decades can be added to this period. Its fibers are short, they are randomly located in basalt wool. And this provides high mechanical characteristics over many years of operation.
3. The structure of the material is not afraid of vibration.
4. Basalt wool tolerates ultraviolet radiation better than others.
5. Temperature fluctuations do not affect the technical characteristics of the material.
6. Basalt wool perfectly absorbs extraneous noise, loud and harsh sounds.

The table shows the sound absorption coefficients of some building materials.

The use of quality mineral wool cannot be a guarantee of reliable sound insulation, since the material is constituent element sound-absorbing structure, the construction of which requires the use of proven methods.

Mineral wool slabs with a synthetic binder are produced according to GOST 9573-96 and have the dimensions shown in the table.

The physical and mechanical properties of the material must comply with the following characteristics.

Products are labeled according to GOST 25880 with the obligatory indication of the time of issue and symbol. Each package is labeled "Keep away from moisture" GOST 14192. Basalt wool is one of the non-combustible materials, therefore, when heated, it does not emit toxins or other harmful substances. Another important indicator is smoke generating capacity basalt, which does not emit smoke. It is mounted quite simply - the plate fits between the profiles and keeps perfectly. You can also fix it with cement-based adhesive, as in the cases described above with foam or polystyrene foam.

Many believe that basalt wool is unhealthy. One can argue with this. It does not emit odors, its properties are similar to natural basalt stone. True, phenol and formaldehyde resins are used as binders, but if the necessary norms and requirements were observed during the production of the material, harmful substances remain in a bound state. Therefore, we can state the fact that basalt wool is harmless to human health and its environment.

An excellent option to solve the problem of soundproofing is to cover the walls with cork.

This coating is one of the environmentally friendly materials, since the material has natural composition. The cork is able to retain heat, has reliability and durability. An equally important advantage is the aesthetic appearance.

On sale cork is found in two types:

1. Soundproof panels.
2. Rolls (film).

To mount it to the walls, you need to use adhesive composition. The internal structure of the material is represented by a huge number of tiny bubbles that perfectly retain heat inside. In addition, this structure improves the acoustic picture in the rooms.

Soundproof panels have the following characteristics:

• light weight - the material is light, does not sink in water;
• elasticity - even after applying high pressure, the panel returns back to its original shape;
• tightness - due to the presence in the composition of the tree bark, the material becomes impermeable to substances in the liquid and gaseous state;
• high rate of water resistance;
• hypoallergenic - the plate does not absorb dust, therefore it is not capable of provoking allergic reactions;
• fire resistance - it does not contribute to the spread of fire, in addition, when ignited, it does not emit toxins, which is confirmed SNiP 23-03-2003;
• the internal structure of the plate provides excellent soundproofing properties, so with its use it will be possible to ensure peace and tranquility in the house;
• durability due to the unique structure of soundproofing boards and their qualities - elasticity and elasticity. Even after a long period of time, the material will not lose its original properties.

Cork is a natural product, connecting link in which from polyurethane. The thickness of the plate depends on the variety - it varies from 0.6 to 1.2 mm. It is recommended to protect the material from prolonged exposure to sunlight. The ability of cork to dampen vibrations provides a significant reduction in noise in the room where it is used.

Soundproofing a room using cork is a great option for new builds that do not provide for the use of special materials to provide sound insulation. Cork can be used for walls, ceilings and decorative partitions, as evidenced by numerous expert reviews.

The characteristics of this material can be found in the table.

For more detailed explanation, we studied this material and described our observations and studies in the article ""

If you choose sound-absorbing materials for walls, decorative partitions or ceilings in a new building, then it is necessary to be based not only on the performance properties or advantages of a particular polymer, it is also recommended to pay attention to the technical properties of the product. The presented table includes a comparison of all the considered materials in technical terms. For the analogy, the following indicators were used: density, thermal conductivity, porosity, durability, working temperature. Taking into account each of these parameters, you will make the right choice in favor of a particular product. Technical properties of sound insulating materials

So all of the above soundproofing materials are able to show their qualities only in a properly assembled structure. They are distinguished by high parameters for each indicator, which determines the popularity of their use.

Mineral wool
Expanded polystyrene or foam

gypsum fiber
Cork
Expanded clay
polyurethane foam
cellulose wadding

1. Roll materials and plates;
2. Bulk and other materials.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is an excellent heat-insulating material with a mass positive qualities. Mineral wool is available in two types - roll insulation for the floor and slabs.

Loose heaters: varieties and scope

This material is best suited for insulation wooden floors- it fits very well on the base and in the logs.

• incombustibility;
• Long service life;

• Low strength indicators;

Expanded polystyrene or foam

• Affordable price;

• combustibility;
• fragility;

• Long service life;
• Low thermal conductivity.

Among the disadvantages of extruded polystyrene foam, one can note the inability to “breathe” and good flammability, which will not allow creating a fireproof structure. See also: "Which insulation for the floor under the linoleum to choose and how to lay."

gypsum fiber

Cork

• Environmental Safety;
• Light weight;
• High strength;
• Good plasticity;

Expanded clay

polyurethane foam

• Fast installation;
• No joints;
• Excellent elasticity;

cellulose wadding

• The integrity of the coating;
• Low cost;

• combustibility;
• Difficulty of installation.

Conclusion

Wall insulation inside the house: advantages and disadvantages

You can find quite a lot of statements against the insulation of the walls of the house inside. Say, with such insulation, there are problems of wet corners, dampness starts in the walls, as a result, fungus and unpleasant odors ... The purpose of this article is to figure out what causes these problems and, most importantly, how to avoid them and still insulate the walls home from the inside. Well, because such insulation has a number of advantages.

Advantages of internal wall insulation

Insulation of walls inside the house has the following advantages:

• You can insulate at any time of the year, regardless of the weather.
• no need to build too high scaffolds (unless, of course, we are talking about the insulation of a residential building, and not some kind of "Palace of Congresses" :))
• if it is necessary to insulate not in a private building, but in some high-rise building, then for external insulation it is necessary to coordinate a project to change the facade. Not to mention the fact that it is expensive in itself - you cannot do without hired specialists. Well, inside your apartment ...

What are the disadvantages of internal wall insulation and how to avoid them?

Internal wall insulation also has disadvantages.

When insulating from the inside, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room decreases

The first minus of warming the house from the inside is that the thickness of the wall will increase inward, due to which the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room will decrease.

It will not be possible to avoid this at all, since the insulation has a thickness in any case. But you can minimize it - if the insulation layer is not very thick. I am hinting at the choice of a heater with the best thermal insulation properties ... For now, I am only hinting, but I will specifically say below.

With internal insulation, the microclimate in the room worsens

The second minus: the internal insulation of the house can lead to a deterioration in the microclimate in the room. This is exactly what all the opponents of such insulation are talking about. What are we talking about?

The wall behind the heater is cold. Therefore, in winter, the water vapor formed in the room, passing through the layers interior decoration and insulation, condenses on the inner surface of the wall. The result - the wall gradually accumulates moisture, which does not have time to evaporate, which is why on the walls - at a temperature of +10 and above! - a fungus, mold settles, the house smells of dampness, a white coating appears on clothes, furniture, books ... there is little pleasant.

The described problem can be avoided if you avoid mistakes during construction and choose the right material for insulation. What are these mistakes and what is the best way to insulate the house inside, read on.

When insulating indoors, cold bridges remain

The third minus of wall insulation inside the house: at the junction of interfloor / attic floors with outer wall there are cold bridges through which heat leaks still occur (orange arrows):

We have this minus only if we did not treat the insulation in good faith enough: for example, we insulated the walls, and scored on the floors and ceilings. But what does technology have to do with it if you haven’t welded your own “bowler”? To avoid this minus, you need to create an inextricable heat-insulating circuit from the inside of the entire room:

Only and everything.

How to avoid the disadvantages of internal insulation?

So, what tips can you find to smooth out the cons of internal insulation? And are all the tips worthwhile?

Tip 1. A vapor barrier with one-sided conductivity is placed between the wall finish and the insulation. This is advised to do when they insulate from the inside with mineral wool.

But let's look at the picture:

With internal insulation, the dew point shifts to the inner surface of the wall, and the mineral wool insulation begins to take moisture from the wall. And then, after a month or two, it appears bad smell, bacteria begin to develop in the mineral wool ... we do not see this, but we feel the smell, while we cannot understand where it comes from.

But how can it be: after all, there is a vapor barrier that should not let moisture into the insulation! Theoretically it is. But in practice it is not possible to provide one hundred percent sealing. Why? Let's remember how the vapor barrier and further sheathing are attached? They put a profile for drywall, stretch the film ... then they screw the drywall, PASSING WITH SELF-TAPPING SCREWS THROUGH THE FILM - and where is the hermetic vapor barrier here? And along the perimeter of the wall, it is not possible to provide 100% sealing.

And the air in the wool itself has moisture, which condenses as soon as the wall has cooled sufficiently.

Conclusion: any insulation that allows steam to pass through is not suitable for internal insulation!

Tip 2. When designing insulation inside the house, you need to take into account the process of moisture transfer through the building envelope. That is, the vapor permeability of materials in the “pie” of the structure should decrease from room to street.

Difficult said? Simpler: a non-vapour-permeable material should be in the room, behind it - a material with less vapor permeability, behind it - with even less, etc.

For example, you need to do wall insulation panel house from within. Question: what? mineral wool? Steam passes through mineral wool much better than through concrete (I must say: steam practically does not pass through concrete).

Conclusion: do not do the insulation from the inside with mineral wool of panel (and brick, and gas-block, etc.) walls, but choose another insulation. Non-vapor permeable. For example, foam or extruded polystyrene foam. (Actually, mineral wool for internal insulation is suitable only for frame houses and attics, which also have mineral wool inside the frame.)

Comment! The author believes that the foam for insulating the walls of the house inside is BAD! For good health. But if your opinion is different, then do at least such insulation correctly: the walls must be aligned (!) And the insulation sheet should fit snugly (without gaps!) To this flat surface (i.e., if we fix the insulation with glue, then the sheet must be smeared over the entire surface, and not stick a few dots and / or stripes on it).

Tip 3. In any case, it should be arranged good ventilation. There are no comments here, because this is correct.

Insulation requirements for internal insulation

Internal insulation imposes the following requirements on the insulation:

• durability,
• don't be afraid of fire
• aging resistance,
• environmental Safety,
• biological resistance (not edible for mice, moths, molds…),
• ability to keep shape
• sufficient thermal insulation properties.

It is advisable, before buying a heater, to check the availability of various certificates for fire and sanitary safety. But if you can still believe the conclusion about fire safety, then it’s far from always about sanitary safety: many modern materials are not at all environmentally friendly, even if their purity is stated in the certificates.

Conclusion: it is better to focus not only (and not so much) on certificates, but on common sense, intelligence, practical experience, the test of time.

And now the question is: what is the best way to insulate the walls of the house from the inside?

What kind of insulation to insulate the house from the inside?

Why mineral wool is not suitable, I have already said a couple of times, I hope that's enough. So what to insulate? There are materials that perfectly solve all problems. These are the materials that absolutely vapor-tight.

First, extruded polystyrene foam. We use only the one that has a "groove-comb". Extruded polystyrene foam has a very good thermal resistance, so the thickness of the sheet for internal insulation is only 20 ... 30 mm. Result: both the wall is healthy and the minimum area is taken.

If the issue of ecology is important to you, then we pay attention to another material: foam glass. Here there is the issue of sealing joints: if polystyrene can become tightly sheet to sheet, then foam glass has rougher edges.

Types of insulation for the walls of the house: outside and inside for wooden and frame houses + Video

Therefore, foam glass is often placed on bituminous mastic, which again raises the issue of ecology. Then it is better to seal the joints silicone sealant or liquid rubber. Foam glass itself can be glued to polyurethane foam glue, in extreme cases, to mounting foam.

The third material often used for insulation from the inside is ordinary white foam. The problem with this material is that it has pores. Styrofoam with a density of less than 35 kg / m3 has a large number of technological pores, which is why it passes steam! The lower the density of the foam, the more vapor permeable it is. And the older the foam, the larger the pores, the vapor permeability of the foam is greater - even with the promised density of more than 35 kg / m3. Therefore, for internal insulation, it is better to buy quality material. Again, the issue of ecology, i.e. health.

If all of the above did not scare you away from insulating the walls inside the house (or you simply have nowhere to go), then in the next article we will analyze ways to insulate the walls from the inside. See you.

interior wall insulation

Mineral wool
Expanded polystyrene or foam
Extruded polystyrene foam
gypsum fiber
Cork
Expanded clay
polyurethane foam
cellulose wadding

Insulation is used to prevent heat loss in a house or individual rooms. The arrangement of insulation is a rather serious process, and one of the leading roles in this matter is the choice of a suitable heat-insulating material. About what kind of heaters for the floor are, and will be discussed in this article.

Insulation materials are available in two formats:

1. Roll materials and plates;
2. Bulk and other materials.

Both categories include quite a wide range of materials with a variety of properties and characteristics. The most popular thermal insulation materials for the floor will be discussed below.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is an excellent heat-insulating material with a lot of positive qualities. Mineral wool is available in two types - roll insulation for the floor and slabs. This material is best suited for warming wooden floors - it fits very well on the base and in the logs.

The list of positive qualities of mineral wool looks like this:

• Good resistance to low temperatures;
• incombustibility;
• Long service life;
• Chemical resistance;
• stable physical performance.

It was not without drawbacks - mineral wool has the following negative qualities:

• Considerable dimensions, due to which the heat-insulating layer occupies a large volume;
• Low strength indicators;
• Poor moisture resistance.

Mineral wool, when moisture gets on it, immediately decreases in volume, and even if it is dried, the heat-insulating properties of the material will deteriorate many times over. To prevent this phenomenon, it is necessary to install a waterproofing layer during the arrangement of insulation.

A good solution to the moisture issue is to use fiberglass - this material can absorb liquid and does not lose its characteristics after drying. However, the choice will not be easy - mineral wool is well suited for fire safety.

Expanded polystyrene or foam

Expanded polystyrene is a material consisting of small balls interconnected. The production of expanded polystyrene is carried out according to two technologies - press and non-press, and the difference between the materials obtained is small. However, most often, extruded polystyrene foam with PS marking is used for floor insulation.

As a rule, expanded polystyrene is used for thermal insulation of concrete floors. If you need to decide which insulation to choose for a floor with water or electric heating, then profile plates are much better suited, for the manufacture of which dense polystyrene foam is used - this material has a relief surface that prevents damage heating elements and improves grip.

Expanded polystyrene has many advantages:

• Excellent strength indicators;
• Good thermal insulation characteristics;
• Affordable price;
• The ability to prevent the penetration of moisture;
• Excellent resistance to low temperatures;
• Simple installation, which is determined by the format of the produced material.

Expanded polystyrene also has disadvantages:

• combustibility;
• The destruction of the material during prolonged exposure to sunlight;
• Inability to pass air;
• fragility;
• When a small amount of water enters the boards and then freezes, the structure of the expanded polystyrene is destroyed, so during installation it will be necessary to install a waterproofing layer;
• During the installation process, seams appear between the plates, which then need to be sealed, for which mounting foam or sealant is used.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This material is made by extrusion, which is the reason for its name. The technology for the production of extruded polystyrene foam makes it possible to create a floor insulation with a monolithic microstructure, consisting of air-filled sealed cells. There are no pores in these cells, so moisture and steam cannot get inside the material. See also: "What kind of insulation under the laminate is better to lay."

The list of advantages of such material looks like this:

• High strength compared to foam;
• Long service life;
• Good resistance to atmospheric precipitation and influence of ultra-violet rays;
• High resistance to aggressive chemicals;
• No toxic emissions;
• Low thermal conductivity.

Among the disadvantages of extruded polystyrene foam, one can note the inability to “breathe” and good flammability, which will not allow creating a fireproof structure.

Electrical, sound and noise insulation materials

See also: "Which insulation for the floor under the linoleum to choose and how to lay."

gypsum fiber

Gypsum fiber is best option to insulate any floor covering. The versatility of this material is its main advantage, which makes it possible to insulate even structures with electric floor heating.

To equip a dry screed, as the technology of gypsum fiber insulation is called, a minimum of knowledge and time is required - it is enough to follow the correct work algorithm. In addition, it is worth knowing that gypsum fiber resists moisture very poorly, and the cost of the material is quite high.

Cork

For the manufacture of such thermal insulation, cork oak bark is used. As a rule, cork insulation is produced in the format of plates, the thickness of which varies from 25 to 50 cm. The plates can be based on cork granules connected with resin, or pre-crushed pressed cork bark.

Cork insulation has many advantages:

• Environmental Safety;
• Light weight;
• High strength;
• Good plasticity;
• Excellent resistance to moisture and mold;
• Ease of installation and work with the material;
• Incombustibility and absence of toxic emissions during smoldering;
• Long service life - cork can last more than 50 years.

Of the shortcomings of cork insulation, only the high cost of the material can be distinguished.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay belongs to the category of loose insulation materials. The arrangement of thermal insulation using expanded clay has been used for a very long time - this material has become popular for its good thermal insulation characteristics and the ability to absorb moisture without consequences.

most main problem when installing such insulation, it is necessary to create a layer of thermal insulation with a thickness of at least 15 cm - it turns out far from the most thin insulation for the floor. However, there will be no particular difficulties with this - the work is easily done by hand and requires, for the most part, only time.

polyurethane foam

A good option for insulation for any surface is polyurethane foam spraying. Polyurethane foam is a small capsule filled with air. The use of this material does not require the arrangement of hydro or vapor barrier. In addition, polyurethane foam applied to the floor practically does not absorb moisture.

This material has many advantages, among which stand out:

• Undemanding to leveling the surface;
• Fast installation;
• No joints;
• Excellent elasticity;
• Neutral reaction to a mold and influence of microorganisms.

The main disadvantage of polyurethane foam insulation is the complexity of spraying - it is impossible to carry out this work on your own without proper skills.

cellulose wadding

Cellulose wool is a material made from wood fibers with a fine-grained structure. Laying of this material can be carried out using two technologies - wet and dry. When using the wet method, the cotton wool is blown wet, which allows you to create a monolithic coating. Dry laying looks a little simpler - for this, cotton wool must be covered and tamped.

Of the advantages of cellulose wool, the following qualities can be distinguished:

• The integrity of the coating;
• Low cost;
• Good indicators of thermal insulation;
• No need to equip vapor barrier.

The main disadvantages of cotton wool are:

• combustibility;
• Weak ductility and poor compression resistance;
• Difficulty of installation.

Conclusion

The presented heaters are the most popular and are used quite often. To choose which insulation to use for the floor, you need to understand the characteristics of all thermal insulation materials and choose the best option for a particular situation.

Warming of a private house

If your country house is not able to retain heat at the proper level, and you constantly freeze in it in winter, then you should think about warming it. Of course, you can light a fireplace, turn on an electric heater in each of the rooms and thus spend cold winter evenings. But in order to solve this problem once and for all and not to spend fabulous sums on gas and electricity bills during the cold season, it is better to insulate your country cottage. After that, you will not only live in warmth, tranquility and comfort in winter, but will also save energy.

Stages of insulation

The process of warming a country house consists of a number of stages:

• foundation insulation,
• floor insulation,
• wall insulation (internal and external),
• ceiling insulation,
• roof insulation.

Below in the article we will consider in detail some of these stages.

In order to achieve the maximum effect from the insulation carried out, it is necessary to insulate the house in a complex way. It is very important to use only high-quality materials.

thermal imaging

Many believe that building insulation with the help of professionals is much better. This is explained by the specifics of the work of a specialist. As a rule, a built cottage loses heat due to its design flaws. It is best to identify these shortcomings and identify all the weaknesses of the house using a thermal image. Having identified weaknesses, the specialist will be able to pay maximum attention to them. And only a professional with his special equipment can take such a picture.

Wall insulation

As mentioned above, the insulation of the house should be carried out in a complex. Very often, the heat loss distribution scheme shows that most of heat is lost through the walls of the house. Therefore, it is better to start insulating the house just from the walls.

Wall insulation can be:

There are a number of features that need to be taken into account.

When combining internal wall insulation with external insulation, certain proportions must be observed - the level of thermal resistance external insulation should be three times the level of the internal.

Internal walls

As a result of the internal insulation of the walls, the enclosing structure does not accumulate heat. Over time, fungus may appear on the walls inside the house, as condensation will occur between the wall and the thermal insulation layer.

Another significant disadvantage the use of only this type of insulation is the fact that the walls will be in the winter in the zone of sub-zero temperatures.

External walls

If external wall insulation is used, then all of the above disadvantages are absent. In addition, this type of wall insulation will provide the house with a much longer service life. This is explained by the fact that with external insulation, the possibility of the formation of various fungi on the walls and a house with outer side is additionally protected from negative impacts surrounding factors.

The only drawback of external wall insulation can be called the seasonality of the work, since this insulation can be carried out only in the warm season.

Conventionally, external wall insulation is divided into three main methods:

• laying insulation on the inside of the building envelope,
• laying insulation inside the building envelope,
• laying insulation on the outside of the building envelope (this system is called a wet type system).

The choice of insulation

After you have chosen a method of insulation for your home, you need to correctly select the material for future work. Miscellaneous materials have a different coefficient of thermal expansion, which must be taken into account when choosing a material. If this was not taken into account, then the material may deform over time, cracks will appear on it.

When using wet insulation important parameter is the vapor permeability, as well as the calculation of moisture transfer. That is, the moisture winter period will accumulate as a result of temperature differences, should be completely removed during the summer period. Such calculations should be carried out taking into account the level of average temperatures in your area. If this factor is neglected, then excess moisture will lead to the appearance of fungi.

Floor insulation

Conduct floor insulation in the house should be comprehensive. This is the only way to achieve good result. Since concrete is characterized by a high level of thermal conductivity, during the construction country houses it is recommended to insulate the foundations from the outside.

Before starting to insulate the floor of the house, if there is a basement or basement, they are first insulated. The floor during insulation should not be raised higher than the waterproofing layer between the foundation and the brick.

Stages of work

Typically, floor insulation is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. Crushed stone is laid on the ground (the layer thickness should be 10 cm).
2. A layer of sand is poured over the rubble (the layer thickness should also be 10 cm).
3. Lay thermal insulation boards.
4. Lay a layer of waterproofing.
5. Perform concrete screed.
6. Lay the flooring.

This floor insulation algorithm is the simplest, but there are others. They are selected in accordance with the functional properties of the future floor.

The most common floor insulation schemes in country cottages are the following:

• Above underground.
• Floors in wet operation.
• Floors in the cold attic.
• Floors laid with heating cable.
• Floors above the basement.

  Thermal insulation of the house

Ceiling insulation

Ceiling heat loss is about ten percent. And although at first glance this figure does not seem so significant, but we are considering the insulation of the house in the complex.

For ceiling insulation it is very important to choose good stuff. It is worth giving preference to safe, as well as environmentally friendly materials. In the event of a fire, fire and hot air tend to rise, so it is very important that the materials chosen are non-flammable and do not emit suffocating smoke.

To insulate the ceiling, the following materials are suitable:

• ecowool,
• mineral wool,
• polyethylene films,
• polypropylene films.

The listed materials are inexpensive and meet all the above requirements.

Floor insulation in the attic

If in country house there is an attic, then the insulation of the ceiling is carried out in two stages. First you need to insulate the floor in the attic, and only then directly and the ceiling itself.

A vapor barrier material is first attached to the ceiling, then a heater is laid (for example, sheets of mineral wool). A layer of waterproofing is placed on top of the insulation - waterproofing film. After the last stage, the insulation of the ceilings in the house can be considered complete. Further, the ceilings can be sheathed with clapboard, or a false ceiling system can be installed.

Video. Proper insulation of the walls of the house. Outside or inside? Process physics

Video. Insulation of the facade of a private residential building

Thermal insulation, warming

How to insulate the floors in a private house with your own hands?

A well-insulated home is always more comfortable. And heating costs are much lower. In this article, we will tell you about how you can insulate a house well, both during the construction process and when it has already been built. You will learn what materials are used for this and, most importantly, how to do it yourself, without resorting to the services of professionals.

What can be done if the house is cold despite heating?

When building a house, special attention should be paid to insulation, especially floor insulation. If this is not done, the house will always be cold and damp. It will be necessary to increase the heating power, therefore, additional material costs await you. Isn't it easier to do high-quality insulation? Below we will talk about how this can be relatively easy to do with your own hands. Well, if you hired builders, then based on the material of the article, you can always control their work.

It all starts with the foundation

Insulation of a shallow strip foundation

Yes, still on initial stage construction should take care of the insulation and waterproofing of the foundation. For example, you are building a small house on a shallow strip foundation - the simplest and most cost-effective way to build a foundation for a building. In this case, it is recommended to stick cheap insulation on the sides of the finished concrete tape, for example, foam plastic, and lay roofing material on top. Both polystyrene and roofing material can be glued onto bituminous mastic. The roofing material tapes are overlapped, and the seams are fastened with a blowtorch fire.

Before the walls are erected, a waterproofing layer of 2 layers of roofing material is laid on the upper part of the foundation.

Only these fairly simple measures alone will not allow dampness to penetrate concrete, it will not freeze in winter, which means that it will become much more comfortable to live in such a house, because there will be no heat leakage. And the service life of the foundation will increase many times over.

Warming of the slab foundation

In private construction on heterogeneous soils, a monolithic reinforced concrete slab is often used as a foundation. It is insulated in the same way, only insulation and waterproofing are laid along the entire upper surface of the base, except for those places where walls will be erected. In these places, only waterproofing is attached.

Basement insulation

If it is planned to build a basement under the house, then a recessed strip foundation is being built. Insulation and waterproofing during the construction of such a foundation is carried out both from the outside and from the inside. Both the floor and the basement ceiling must be insulated. From the inside, the basement is often insulated with a material called "liquid rubber". A heater is glued on it, and a finishing lining is mounted on top, on the crate.

Important! Insulation should always be done together with waterproofing.

What if the house is already built?

Here, of course, there will be more work, but it is still possible to make insulation, you just have to dig trenches along the perimeter of the building to the depth of the foundation and insulate it from the sides. If the house already has floors, then they will have to be dismantled, if they are wooden, remove linoleum or other coating, if a cement screed is used as the floor. To insulate the floor inside the house, you can use both cheap materials and better ones, for example, penoplex. It costs, of course, more expensive than polystyrene or mineral wool, but has many advantages :

• insulation sheets have different sizes and thickness, which allows you to choose the most suitable for a given room;

• each sheet has a spike connection, which avoids gaps during installation.

If, nevertheless, foam plastic is chosen as a heater, then all the cracks need to be “blown out” mounting foam. If this is not done, "bridges" of cold are formed.

When insulating with foam plastic or other similar material, the joints are glued with adhesive tape. When insulating the floor inside the house, it is recommended to lay a vapor barrier made of polyethylene foil over the insulation. It is attached over the insulation with double-sided tape. It is also necessary to provide a gap around the perimeter of the room with a width of 1 cm. It will not allow the screed to crack from temperature changes. This seam can be treated with foamed vinyl.

Floor installation

Well, the insulation is done, now you can proceed with the installation of the floor. If you want to pour a cement screed, it is recommended to lay on the surface of the insulation metal mesh. It will make the screed more durable and will not allow it to crack and crumble over time. It is recommended to lay high-quality insulated linoleum or carpet on the screed.

If possible, it is best to use not a screed, but lay a wooden floor.

Thermal insulation materials: types and properties

To do this, logs are laid over the insulation, on which the floorboards are attached. In this case, the air space between the insulation and the floor surface will create additional insulation. Floorboards should be chosen of good quality and mounted according to all the rules, that is, tightly fitted spike connections using wedges. This will avoid the formation of gaps between the floor boards.

The benefits of insulation

• dampness will disappear in the house, therefore, comfort will increase;

• even in winter cement floor it will be possible to walk barefoot, which is important if there are small children in the house, because they play on the floor;

• heating costs will be significantly reduced.

Some nuances

When insulating an already built house, be prepared for the fact that you will have to outweigh the doors, as the floor will rise. Of course, such work, like all other insulation work, requires a certain amount of money and time, but it pays off handsomely. In addition, you can do everything yourself, which will save a lot.

Video: Floor insulation in a private house - tips and tricks

How to align the walls in a private house on your own?

How to insulate the facade of a wooden house? Instruction

What is the best way to insulate a wooden house from the inside and what are the disadvantages of internal insulation? Wall, floor and ceiling materials

Warming a wooden house from the inside is advisable, unless the owner wants to spoil the natural beauty of the natural material from the outside.

It is a pity to close a log house or a facade from a bar to others finishing material, and in this case it is necessary to insulate the walls from the inside. Internal work includes insulation of walls, floors, ceilings, taking into account the number of storeys and the attic, and the roof.

For warming the house from the inside, they are only suitable for environmentally friendly safe materials to keep indoor climate healthy.

Overview of types and characteristics of heaters, their scope

It is allowed to use a safer penofol, as well as a universal material for the insulation of any buildings and structures of mineral wool.

Benefits of insulating a wooden house from the inside

The main advantage has already been mentioned above. This is an opportunity to leave the facade of the house in its natural form. In addition, the floors inside the house can be insulated, which is very important for maintaining a healthy indoor climate.

Why is it impossible to insulate a wooden house from the inside?

Of course, you can do this, but external insulation has a number of advantages over internal insulation.

Experts advise using this method of insulation in isolated cases, when really external insulation is impossible. This is due to a number of shortcomings, which should be mentioned in more detail.

The main disadvantage of internal thermal insulation in a wooden house is the displacement of the dew point deep into the wall. This will further lead to the formation of mold there and rotting of the tree.

Among other shortcomings, the following are important:

• lack of natural ventilation of the walls;
• violation of the microclimate in the premises;
• reduction usable area at home.

In addition, none of the insulation, except for jute and felt, can be considered 100% environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is better to insulate the house from the outside. But if this is not possible, it is necessary to choose the most suitable materials for internal insulation.

How can you insulate a wooden house from the inside?

warm seam

Special sealant for log cabins. It is used indoors to insulate the seams between the logs on the facade and ceiling. Relevant if the owner wants to keep the log house in its original form, without covering it with finishing materials.

Warm seam for insulation inside a wooden house

To maintain complete environmental friendliness, you can replace the sealants with jute, felt or linen tape and caulk the seams with them.

The cost of caulking seams inside the house is from 120 to 250 rubles per linear meter. It's quite affordable price even for families with a small budget. Therefore, it is recommended to invite specialists to insulate the log house, only they can guarantee high quality works.

Mineral wool

Universal insulation, which is most often used outside. Affordable cost and high thermal insulation performance make this material the most popular among developers.

The insulation technology is the same for walls and ceilings.

Positive properties of mineral wool:

• high environmental friendliness, especially in modern materials where formaldehyde is replaced by safer components;
• affordable cost material is considered the cheapest option for insulation inside a wooden house;
• good thermal and sound insulation performance;
• incombustibility;
• durability the material does not rot, is not subject to fungal diseases;
• good indicators of vapor tightness, which, by the way, is both an advantage and a disadvantage.

The negative properties include:

• the same vapor tightness, due to which an unfavorable microclimate for human lungs can be created indoors;
• shrinkage when wet;
• the need to sheathe the walls with facial material (create a false wall).

Features of mineral wool insulation of walls and ceilings of a wooden house

Unlike external insulation, inside the material is glued directly to the wall, then it is sheathed with a vapor barrier.

It is best to use a special vapor barrier that allows air from the room to pass outside. This will create additional natural ventilation to the insulation. Even if wet, the cotton wool can dry out due to the permeability of the vapor barrier.

A crate, timber or metallic profile, which is already attached facing material, drywall, board, lining, timber imitation and so on.

Styrofoam

Polymer material based on foam, but without chemically harmful components. Suitable for insulation inside a wooden house.

In the photo, extruded polystyrene foam Penoplex

The advantages include good thermal insulation properties, light weight, durability and moisture resistance.

Features of insulation with polystyrene foam

When choosing this material, such concepts as foamed and extruded polystyrene foam may occur. In fact, this is the same material, the only difference is in the methods of its manufacture.

The main features of polystyrene foam insulation are the need for careful leveling of the surface and sealing of the seams between the sheets. Old boards must be cleaned of bumps and roughness, and the material is not suitable for a log house from a bar at all.

The joints between the sheets of material are foamed and cleaned after the foam dries. Just like mineral wool, expanded polystyrene is suitable for insulating not only walls, but also ceilings.

polyurethane foam

The material of the future, which is applied in liquid form with a special apparatus. For insulation with polyurethane foam, it is necessary to mount a frame, which is filled with foam under pressure. It quickly hardens and forms a monolithic protective layer of insulation.

Polyurethane foam spraying

Polyurethane foam will reliably protect the house not only from cold and external noise, but will also provide additional guarantees of safety in case of fires.

The disadvantages include the complexity of finishing work after insulation with this material. It needs to be plastered using a special mesh.

Floor insulation in a wooden house

In addition to the listed methods of insulation, which, as an option, are also suitable for floors, there are several more.

Warm floor

Underfloor heating system, using IR film, expensive, but on this moment is the most optimal energy-saving option, which, moreover, creates a special coziness and comfort.

Backfill and fill floors

Expanded clay insulation and concrete pouring are relevant for the floors of the first and basement floors. The advantages include good thermal insulation properties and affordable cost of materials.

There are also options for water and electric floors:

Before starting work on internal insulation, it is recommended to consult with specialists. Perhaps there is a way to insulate the exterior of the facade, and then only work on the insulation of floors will remain inside.

The construction industry offers many different types of thermal insulation materials. Despite the variety, they can be divided into several main types. The most used materials for thermal insulation:

• mineral wool insulation;
• expanded polystyrene and its extruded modification;
• foamed polyethylene with a metallized coating;
• polyurethane foam.

Each of the listed insulation options has its strengths and weaknesses and the optimal scope.

Properties of mineral wool insulation

Mineral wool is a modern modification of glass wool and is devoid of many of the latter's shortcomings. It is produced from the waste of the metallurgical industry with the addition of processed basalt rocks. It is produced in the form of mats and rolls of various sizes.

By cons mineral wool insulation a significant specific gravity, gradual subsidence under the action of its own gravity and “dusting” during installation should be attributed.

These materials for thermal insulation have the following advantages:

• high heat-insulating ability;
• good sound absorption;
• fire resistance;
• low cost.

Widely used for insulation of floors, walls, roofs, attics and basements. Used as a heat insulator for ventilated facade systems.

Expanded polystyrene - insulation characteristics

Represents the made foam polymeric material with the high heat-insulating characteristics. It is used, like basalt insulation, when processing all structural elements of the house.

Positive differences:

• light weight;
• high sound insulation;
• good vapor barrier and resistance to compression;
• resistance to moisture, chemical and biological factors;
• ease of installation.

Disadvantages: brittleness, low fire resistance and the ability to release toxic compounds when ignited.

On sale there is an extruded analogue of PPS, which has the best performance in terms of density, plasticity and moisture resistance. Extruded polystyrene foam is a modern insulating material. It is more durable and stable, easy to handle, but its cost is higher than conventional foam. The areas of application of both varieties are similar.

Modern heat insulator, consisting of polyethylene foam and aluminum foil. Many varieties are produced, differing in thickness, the presence of a self-adhesive film and the number of reflective layers (there may be one or two).

Advantages of a heater:

• Small thickness with high thermal insulation capacity. A sheet of penofol corresponds to the efficiency of a mineral wool board, which is 20 times thicker than it.
• Good vapor barrier
• Protects from external influence of moisture and wind;
• Versatility. Due to the reflective ability of the foil, it protects against all types of heat loss: convection, thermal conductivity and radiation;
• Ecological cleanliness;
• Ease of cutting and installation.

It is successfully used wherever materials for thermal insulation are in demand: in construction, industry, automotive, defense. In the residential sector, it is used as insulation for any building elements, water supply and sanitation pipelines, ventilation and air conditioning systems. It is indispensable as a reflector installed between the heating radiator and the wall.

Polyurethane foam for thermal insulation

Progressive method of insulation, consisting in spraying liquid composition on the insulated surface. The hardened and expanded polymer creates reliable protection by cold. Thermal insulation materials such as polyethylene foam and polyurethane foam are the most effective technical solutions.

The advantages of PPU include:

• low thermal conductivity;
• jointless technology that does not form cold bridges;
• good adhesion to most building materials;
• accessibility of the most difficult places;
• anticorrosive properties;
• resistance to moisture, fungi and mold;
• soundproofing properties;
• durability.

The weak point is the instability to the direct action of sunlight. This can be prevented by painting, or by using polyurethane foam as a heat insulator in hinged facades. Therefore, polyurethane foam is used wherever the materials listed above are used.

Polyurethane foam is applied using complex equipment operating under high pressure, and using expensive components. Only qualified specialists may carry out these works. This explains the high cost of this method.

The technologies presented above are far from all options for insulating residential buildings. There are other materials for thermal insulation: expanded clay, insulating plaster, foamed rubber, perlite, insulation from recycled hemp and flax, non-woven insulating fiber, foam glass and others. They account for less than 5% of the total volume of heat insulators used. The main types of materials used were discussed above.

Thermal insulation materials are construction products that have a low level of thermal conductivity. They are designed for building insulation, technical insulation and protection of cold chambers from heating.

To determine the choice of material for thermal insulation, you need to know its properties and characteristics. It is important that the material has low thermal conductivity. The latter is provided by the movement of molecules that carry heat. Thermal insulation materials help slow down their movement.

Important properties of insulating materials

Heat insulators are called building materials with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. In the event that thermal insulation is used to internally retain heat in a building, the materials are called heaters.

Materials for thermal insulation must have a number of properties:

• low thermal conductivity;
• porous structure;
• density;
• vapor permeability;
• water absorption;
• biostability;
• fire resistance;
• fire safety;
• temperature stability;
• heat capacity;
• frost resistance.

Common types of insulation

There are quite a few varieties of materials for thermal insulation, one of them is a heater with a fibrous structure, which includes mineral wool. It has a high porosity, about 95% of its volume is air. That is why mineral wool has good thermal insulation properties and is often used to insulate buildings. Its production is quite affordable, and hence the price too. The benefits of mineral wool include:

• does not retain moisture;
• not amenable to combustion;
• provides sound insulation;
• long service life.

It should be noted that when moisture gets on the material, it loses its thermal insulation properties. When installing mineral wool, it is necessary to use a hydro- and vapor barrier film.

Glass wool is made from fibers that are obtained from quartz sand, soda, and lime. Materials for thermal insulation can be purchased in the form of a roll, plate or shell. According to its characteristics, it resembles mineral wool, but is slightly stronger and dampens noise to a greater extent. Among the shortcomings - a low level of temperature stability.

Foam glass is made by sintering blowing agents with glass powder, it is produced in the form of plates or blocks. Its structure has a porosity of up to 95%, which provides excellent thermal insulation properties. Foam glass - pretty durable material for thermal insulation, with the following characteristics:

• frost resistance;
• water resistance;
• incombustibility;
• strength;
• long service life.

Disadvantages - high price and vapor tightness

Cellulose wool is a wood fiber material with a fine-grained structure, which consists of 80% wood fibers, 12% flame retardant and the remaining 8% antiseptic. Material for thermal insulation is laid in two ways: dry and wet. For wet laying use special installation, with which wet cellulose wadding is blown. Thus, the sticky properties of pectin are activated. The dry method can be carried out manually or with special equipment. Cellulose wool is poured and rammed to a certain density. Cotton wool is quite affordable and has good insulating properties.

Materials for thermal insulation are quite diverse, so you need to study their properties in order to make a choice. After all, each building requires a certain material.

3 263

A positive factor in modern construction is the use of new tools and technologies. Currently, some insulating materials have proven themselves well.

Overview of Thermo Reflect insulation

Thermo Reflect is a new generation construction tool. It is used to insulate ventilated roofs, floors, walls, attics and attics. Thermo Reflex consists of reflective multi-layer thermal insulation sheets. The layers of these sheets are polyethylene foam, polyester wadding or sheep's wool. The layers are separated from each other by metallized films of polyester material.

As a result of thermal radiation, overheating occurs in the premises in summer, and a significant part of the heat is lost in winter. With the help of Thermo Reflex insulation material, these transmissions are largely eliminated, since the principle of reflecting heat waves works. Thus, throughout the year, the comfort of housing is maintained.

In the construction of ventilated roofs of new buildings, as well as in the reconstruction of old ones, the use of insulating material helps to reflect heat radiation and protects against convection and heat loss. Thermo Reflex is used in the "underfloor heating" system. The aluminum contained in the material is an effective vapor barrier. If insulation is used for an unheated floor, a protective screen is created that prevents radon gas from entering the room.

The use of insulating material in attics and mansards prevents the transfer of heat from the roof. Thermo Reflex is fast and easy to install, no tiles or slates need to be removed, no plastering required. In this case, a good finishing material will be plasterboard or wooden lining. To make better use of the reflectivity of the insulating material, a small air gap should be left during finishing work.

Insulation of the internal walls of the house along the perimeter gives maximum heat retention in the room in winter, supports in summer optimal temperature without the use of air conditioners. Spacer rails are mounted on the walls, on which Thermo Reflex sheets are fixed. Between themselves, the panels are connected with a special glue. The insulation material is fixed with drywall. In this case, air gaps of at least 2 cm are also left.

Such material is effective at any time of the year. It can be used to all bases and shapes. Thermo Reflex is waterproof, flame retardant, non-irritating and non-toxic. It has a small thickness, which almost does not affect the loss of the interior space of the dwelling. Thermo Reflex is durable in operation.

Another effective insulating agent in large scale construction is Tefond. This material is a polyethylene membrane having a high density. Tefond reduces the deformation of the road surface, reduces the thickness of the layers of the road "pie", reduces the mechanical effect on the road base. This material is safe in operation, provides reliable protection, tightness and insulation of building objects.

Overview of Tefond insulation

Tefond can be mounted with vertical laying, with a waterproofing joint, according to a two-lock waterproofing system and according to a standard system. Tefond is the first insulating membrane that can be laid vertically during operation. According to this system, the material is fixed only in the upper part. Drilling holes in the walls is not used. Tefond can be used without horizontal joints on walls of any height.

A mechanical sealing system is used if Tefond is used for protection only. The end seal is sealed to make the seams watertight. Such a system is the best protection against water and steam.

The material has a precise butt joint, thanks to which it is possible to obtain excellent sealing with a simple overlap of edges. Even if the membrane is subjected to high tension, there is practically no possibility of material rupture. Tefond is available in rolls standard sizes. Their height is 2.07 m. This reduces the cost of material when laying.

The insulating membrane is used to protect walls, foundations and roofs. This material covers surfaces in contact with the ground. Tefond is used in the construction of tunnels, automobile and railways, in hydraulic works. The use of insulating materials in construction is a requirement of today.

(Visited 397 times, 1 visits today)