A well-known material for leveling walls, eliminating gaps or filling joints is putty. It is a mixture that is applied before painting, wallpapering and other construction and repair work.
Blue putty in the decoration of the living room
Nowadays, putty is produced in the form of dry and ready-made mixtures.
Dry mixes contain astringents, which must be diluted with water in the indicated proportions before use. They can be used on all types of surfaces, apply layers of any thickness, but the period of use of dry mixes is limited. Therefore, when preparing putty, this factor must be taken into account.
Unusual wall putty
Various latexes or dispersions are taken as the basis for ready-made mixtures. These mixtures are convenient in that they do not need to be diluted and the shelf life is unlimited. However, they can only be applied with a layer thickness of up to 5 mm.
Putty is also divided into types according to various criteria.
Types of putties for interior work
They are classified according to several criteria:
- by composition;
- by particle size;
- by appointment.
Depending on the composition of the putty, they are divided into: gypsum, cement and polymer.
Gypsum putty is the most common, easy to apply and sand. Its main property is whiteness and plasticity. Gypsum absorbs and releases moisture from the air, so putty from this material is suitable for any room.
Cement putty is mainly used in the repair of rooms with high humidity.
Polymer putty is used for finishing work in rooms that are about to be completed; it is also convenient to use for filling seams and joints.
Beautiful wall finish with putty
Depending on the particle size, putties are coarsely dispersed (particle size - 200 microns or more), medium-dispersed (particles smaller than 80 microns) and finely dispersed (particle size is 20 microns or less).
The purpose of the putty may be different depending on the work performed. Therefore, putties are divided into starting, finishing, universal and specialized.
Starting putty is applied before starting work in order to correct rough surface irregularities. It is selected depending on the material on which it will be applied.
Finishing putty is designed to eliminate minor defects or scratches. As a rule, it is applied in a very thin layer and is not subject to grinding.
Universal putty is suitable for almost all types of surfaces. It can be a replacement for finishing and starting putty, combining their functions. But this putty is expensive.
The purpose of a specialized putty depends on what additives it has. It is used to solve certain problems.
Black putty in the decoration of the dining room
Silver putty in the decoration of the bedroom
Orange putty in the decoration of the living room
Putties for drywall
Drywall is a very convenient and practical building material. It is used for ceilings, walls, frames, partitions when repairing an apartment. After sheathing walls or ceilings with drywall, it is necessary to putty all the irregularities that are visible on the sheets of drywall.
When leveling drywall, various types of putties are used. First of all, you need to evaluate the sheets. If the sheet of drywall is even, then it will be enough to cover up the places where the screws are screwed in and the places where the sheets are joined.
Cream putty in wall decoration
It is also important to evaluate whether wallpaper will be glued or whether walls or ceilings will be painted, because it will also be necessary to choose a specific putty.
Gypsum putty is more often chosen for puttying drywall. Since it has the property of plasticity, it is convenient to use. But, if the room in which the walls or ceiling are being finished has high humidity, it is better to use cement putty.
Brown putty on the wall
Before painting or gluing wallpaper on drywall, various polymer putties are often applied. The most popular is acrylic putty. It can be used in various rooms, but its cost is high.
Also, when choosing a putty for drywall, it is necessary to take into account its purpose. When leveling gross defects, choose starting putties, for sealing small cracks and scratches - finishing.
Dark purple putty in the decoration of the bedroom
Cream putty in bathroom decoration
Putty for painting and wallpapering
Before painting the walls and ceiling or gluing them with wallpaper, as mentioned earlier, it is necessary to putty all the irregularities. Sometimes they also putty so that the paint or wallpaper fits well.
Peach putty in the kitchen
In such cases, polymer putty is best suited. It is of the following types:
- Adhesive putty, which contains glue, drying oil and chalk. Most often it is used before wallpapering the walls.
- Oil-adhesive putty consists of components such as water, drying oil, plasticizers. Suitable for both painting the ceiling and wallpapering the wall.
- Latex putty, which is very similar in composition to oil-adhesive plaster. Only its composition is supplemented with calcite filler.
- Acrylic putty is prepared from chemical raw materials. It can be said to be universal, because it combines all the properties of other leveling mixtures.
- Oil putty consists of desiccant, chalk and drying oil. It is convenient to use before painting the ceiling or walls in rooms with high humidity.
As you can see, in the modern world there is a variety of putties for painting and wallpapering. By choosing the right putty, you can get smooth and beautiful ceilings and walls.
Golden putty in the decoration of the bedroom
Gray putty in the decoration of the living room
Gray putty in the interior
Wood putty
In a separate group, you can put putties on wood. They contain synthetic resins and pigments. Pigments allow you to get different shades of wood.
To date, there are only two types of putties on wood: solvent-based and water-based. These types are divided into the following types:
- Solvent-based putties are used only in production. They are toxic and unsafe for humans. But the advantages include: a variety of shades of wood, resistance to various temperature conditions and quick drying.
- Acrylic putties are mainly used for decorative flooring made of wood. The advantages of this putty are that it is moisture resistant and fire resistant, but large defects cannot be corrected with it.
- Epoxy putty is practical. It is odorless and does not settle when dry. When puttying a wooden floor, it is better not to use it.
- Latex putties are versatile and ideal for working with wood surfaces. They are considered environmentally friendly, odorless and dry very quickly.
- Oil putties on wood are considered strong and durable, but they dry for a long time.
- Gypsum wood putties are the cheapest and level any wooden surface.
These are all types of wood putties that currently exist.
White putty in the interior of the bedroom
Concrete putty in the interior of the bathroom
Golden brown putty
Decorative putty
Increasingly, putty began to be used to decorate the walls and ceilings of apartments. The stores offer a wide selection of decorative putties. Consider the main types of decorative putties in terms of composition and texture.
The composition distinguishes the following decorative putties:
- mineral putties, consisting of sand, gypsum and limestone. They are not expensive. But after applying this decorative putty, it is also necessary to apply a protective layer so that nothing falls off.
- polymer putties have high plasticity and resistance. They include acrylic, epoxy.
- silicone putties are considered the most expensive, but do not collapse and are durable.
Sand-colored putty on the walls
By texture, decorative putties are divided into:
- Structural, based on latex or silicates. The particles of this decorative putty are of different sizes.
- Textured, which create a semblance of fabric, stone and wood. The cost is quite expensive.
- Flock, which include cellulose, silk fibers, etc. They are the most expensive of all decorative putties. But they can create an imitation of different types of fabric.
In the modern world, putty is not only a material that levels various surfaces, but also decorates the walls and ceilings of a house.
Gray putty on the walls of the living room
Silver plaster on the walls
Brown putty in the exterior of the house
First of all, it is necessary to determine the subject of consideration. Putty - a powder or paste mixture for filling irregularities on surfaces intended for finishing work. The word comes from the German Spachtel (scapula).
There are many types of spatulas. For their manufacture, many different materials are used: from glue to drying oil. There are two spellings, readings and pronunciations of this word: putty and putty. The first refers to professional vocabulary, and the second is commonly used.
To date, there is a fairly large selection of materials for leveling surfaces.
Composition of mixtures
All commercial putties have approximately the same preparation formula:
- film-forming substances. Like: various ether, epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde and alkyd resins.
- Fillers. This role can be played by gypsum, chalk, mica. In special types of material, more specific substances may be used.
- Various pigments: ocher, zinc white.
- Binder. Many compositions play this role: from PVA glue to special epoxy resins.
Types of putties
Modern builders and repairmen know 9 types of this material:
The use of putties for interior decoration
Regarding the interior decoration of the premises, the following types of putties can be distinguished: starting, finishing, specialized and universal.
Starting lineups are the most common. It is very important to choose the right starting coating, since it is on it that the subsequent finishing will be applied. For this type of material it is important to have good adhesion to the substrate, to have sufficient strength and maximum filling and leveling of defects. The use of gypsum putty as a start is very common.
For long-term work, I use compositions with a lifespan of 8 to 24 hours.
Need to know!
The life of the composition is the time from mixing / opening the package until the moment of drying. Mixing the composition is called the process of adding a solvent. In difficult or special situations, the use of compounds with a lifespan of half an hour to three hours is envisaged.
Mechanization of coating application will help to significantly reduce the consumption of putty and time. With the help of mechanized means, it becomes possible to process 400 m2 of surface per shift.
The material can be applied to the wall not only manually, but also mechanically.
Finishing compositions are designed to create a surface completely ready for subsequent finishing. The choice of a specific type of finishing composition depends entirely on the method of finishing the walls. Putty for painting should have a minimum filler grain radius. The best types of material have a filler fraction of no more than 100 microns. Such materials give a perfectly smooth surface that does not require grinding. When choosing materials for wall decoration, it is very important to have an idea of how they will interact with each other. Incorrectly matched topcoat or topcoat to the paint can cause peeling, staining, or blistering of the finish.
Important!
For applying wall putty under wallpaper, the size of the filler fraction is not so critical. From 150 to 250 microns is the best option. A smaller value is best used with thinner wallpaper or fabric materials for pasting. If the future coating is thick enough, then the entire wall putty under the wallpaper may be limited to the starting coating.
Specialized putties are designed to perform specific tasks. For example, putty for sealing joints between gypsum boards without additional reinforcement or plastic putty for filling moving cracks. Due to the narrow specification of the application, the manufacturer specifies the exact area for each specific type of special putty.
Universal putties are three in one. They combine the properties of starting, finishing and even special putties. This is convenient for non-professionals. There is no need to get lost in choosing the most suitable option, you can take one type and perform all the work with it - from small filling of cracks to complete repair of the walls. In addition, the use of one type instead of three helps to reduce the consumption of putty.
Car repair
No repair of a damaged body can do without a special epoxy or polyester putty. The procedure for coating a car body is practically the same as coating walls with putty. Same start and finish layer. It differs only in putty for body coloring. In the case of the body, another layer of finishing putty appears, filling microcracks and irregularities.
putty market
The situation on the building materials market is very interesting. On the one hand, in the minds of the layman, foreign manufacturers are more popular, whose names are on everyone's lips: "Tikkurila", "Semin Sem", "Knauf" and other inhabitants of neighboring Europe. On the other hand, the domestic market is filled with high-quality locally produced products, the same Tex putties.
Russian materials under the Tex brand are gradually conquering the market
In any case, how many people have so many opinions. Therefore, the choice between Finnish guests and Russian Tex putties is a personal matter for everyone.
Putty, as we have seen, is not just a material, it is the concept of a material. There are a huge number of types of putties, each of which perfectly copes with its tasks.
Putty is a finishing or building material of a plastic type. As a rule, it is used as a basis for a facing layer. This is the perfect way to level any surface. In addition, this coating is used for decoration. Therefore, it is important to study the features of all types of putty before buying a mixture.
Peculiarities
Putty or putty is a versatile material. It is always used in construction and renovation. At the same time, disputes often arise as to how to say correctly: “putty” or “putty”. The fact is that now both of these words are used in the same meaning. Some believe that this word comes from the name of the tool - a spatula, since it is they who apply this building compound on the surface.
But there is also the word "tow" - that is, to seal cracks during construction with the help of tow. It is for these purposes that putty is used. Therefore, we can assume that the name comes from this word. In any case, all these words belong to the same field of application, therefore they are considered correct.
Someone says that the difference between these two concepts is colossal. So, they indicate that putty is a dry-type mixture from a natural composition, and putty is a synthetic mixture, which is presented in a ready-made form. But how this classification came about is unclear. That is why many experts argue that they are words that have the same meaning, and both usages are valid.
Putty is applied with a special tool, from which it received, according to many, this name. So, the putty tool looks like a plaster tool, but the spatula has a thinner blade and bends slightly when you press its handle. Thus, putty can be applied even in a very thin layer, as well as control uniformity. Applying the composition with this tool involves a certain pressure and tilt in order to correctly distribute the composition over the surfaces.
The spatula blade is always even and perfectly smooth. It always has a number of requirements. For the correct application of the putty, the spatula is cut with a laser. So the blade becomes perfectly even. Even small roughness on the spatula can lead to incorrect and uneven application of the putty. Together with putty, grinders in the form of an abrasive mesh or jointer, bar are also used.
Putty is a dispersion solution, but the filler makes up a very small proportion of the entire composition in it. It also includes setting and hardening regulators, as well as a plasticizer. It is they who allow you to create the necessary consistency of this building material, so that it is convenient to work with it. In addition, it is these components that give it all the necessary properties and quality characteristics.
For the preparation of putty, in addition to the above ingredients, many use laundry soap, chalk, flour glue, gypsum, varnishes and some other components. The variety of compositions is huge. Often they also include film-forming substances: chalk, talc and pigments, such as ocher or zinc white.
The filler in this composition exceeds the amount of film formers and pigments. The composition of the putty varies depending on its type. Each specific variety includes certain components.
Why do you need to putty walls?
Sometimes it happens that, having removed the old wallpaper, it turns out that the walls are not so uneven. Often there is such a gift from builders as a slab on which there are no dents or cracks and it seems that there is simply no need to putty it. Actually this is a delusion! There are two types of puttying work, directly as preparatory work:
Wall putty for wallpaper
In this case, the preparation of the walls is exactly what is needed to align them if they are crooked, especially for corners, arches and similar joints. For such processing, not the most expensive putties are usually used, since there is no need to obtain an ideal appearance - the finished wall will still be covered with wallpaper from above. After the putty is applied and completely dry, such surfaces are usually cleaned with sandpaper to obtain a smooth white surface. Its roughness will even be an additional adhesion of the wallpaper to the wall.
Wall putty for painting
This is a more painstaking and clean type of putty work. Firstly, such a surface must be truly perfect, without scratches, cracks and similar defects. Secondly, even microscopic cracks should be absent, since it is precisely because of them that the destruction of the paint layer may occur in the future. This will completely spoil the quality of the coating and its appearance.
To perform high-quality putty for painting, the multi-layer coating technology will be correct. In this case, various types of putties are used, which are applied sequentially one after another, as well as additional reinforcing agents - reinforcement with fiberglass, non-woven fabric and similar materials specially designed for this.
It is advisable to use the same type of putty for surfaces that are in plain sight - window slopes, ceilings, and so on.
Putty as a finishing material has a number of advantages and disadvantages.
But there are some drawbacks to this coverage.
- So, you need to clearly calculate the amount of putty before you start using it. It is sometimes quite difficult to do this. If you make incorrect calculations, and you have an extra part of the diluted mixture, then you will no longer be able to use it later. She will have to be thrown away. After a couple of hours, the putty loses its suitability for use.
- Sometimes difficulties arise in the process of work. So, you have to wear a thin layer of putty several times so that the coating lies better on the surface. This takes quite a long time, because it is necessary to dry each layer before applying the next. Thus, the work is quite laborious and long.
- The big disadvantage that applies to ready-made wet types of putty is that they have a high cost. To process a wall with this composition is completely very expensive. That is why the finished putty is used only for the final finish in one thin layer.
Purpose
Now the use of putty is very common. It is used for both outdoor and indoor work both in the apartment and in the house. Putty has good quality characteristics, therefore it is used in many areas. It is used to fill holes and seal joints on walls and other surfaces.
In addition, it can be used to close riveting and welding seams. As a rule, a thicker layer of putty is used for this purpose. The thickness of the layer required for finishing work, manufacturers usually indicate on the packaging. In general, different putties have different areas of application. Thus, varnish compositions are used in the field of mechanical engineering, and adhesive or oil-based materials are used in the field of construction.
Putty allows you to perfectly align the walls and smooth them. In some cases, it helps to avoid spending on expensive plaster. In the process of application, you can redo it several times, constantly level the surfaces, bringing them to the ideal. It is possible to eliminate any errors until the material is dry, and the quality of the finishing work will not fall.
Putty acts as a finishing layer after finishing the walls. After it, you can apply almost any coating. It is ideal for thin layers of finishing materials such as wallpaper or paint. It is an integral part of the repair of premises, without it it is quite difficult to align the walls.
Putty also improves the adhesion of the decorative coating to the wall surface. That is why this composition is most often used before applying paint and wallpaper. As a rule, to improve this function and for greater reliability of putty, it is used together with a primer.
It is not always able to provide reliable bonding of the covering layers to the substrate. That is why it is used after a primer layer.
What tool is needed for puttying
To putty the walls yourself, prepare a minimum set of tools. What tools can you not do without?
1. A drill equipped with a special nozzle - a mixer. As a rule, putty is sold in the form of a dry mix. Water is added to this mixture in a certain proportion. Only with a special mixer can you perfectly mix the putty mixture. The output should be a homogeneous putty without lumps.
2. A set of spatulas. Be sure to choose a spatula of different sizes. In work, you will have to use both large spatulas (40-50 cm) and very small ones. Indeed, in problematic hard-to-reach places, it will not be possible to putty the wall with a large spatula with high quality. Just for this, small spatulas are used.
3. Rollers and brushes for priming walls. The priming step is undesirable to skip. After priming, the wall is covered with the thinnest film. This not only further increases its strength, but also provides excellent adhesion of the treated wall to any facing materials (adhesion).
4. Rule. It will be necessary in case of uneven walls when it is necessary to apply putty in a thick layer. For leveling thick layers of putty, it is convenient to use a long metal rule.
5. Spirit or laser level. Often the surface of the wall is very uneven. Before starting the starting puttying, check beacons are installed, using a spirit or laser level for checking.
6. Sandpaper. If you want to get a beautiful surface that is pleasant to look at, use fine skins for rubbing. For example, grouting with 240 sandpaper will allow you to get the perfect result. Use the smallest sandpaper only when performing finishing putty. And at the stage of the initial initial putty, it is correct to rub the wall with a coarse coarse sandpaper.
7. Manual skinner. Sanding will be much more convenient if you use a manual skinner. This is a tool on the handle of which special clamps are installed to secure the skin.
8. And, of course, you can’t do without a container in which putty is mixed.
Types of putties
Putties are divided into dry and ready-to-use.
Dry putties are a special mixture of the necessary substances in certain proportions and are prepared immediately before use. This is the most common type of putty used for leveling walls. They are sold in bags or packages.
< Непосредственно перед применением сухая шпаклевочная смесь разводится указанным на упаковке количеством чистой воды.
There are many benefits to dry putties. First of all, it is an inexpensive price, and with proper use - good quality material. Such putties are used for any kind of work, even for the thinnest - and this is another advantage.
The disadvantages of this type of putty include a short period of use of the prepared mixture. That is, when processing surfaces of large areas, putties with a long hardening time of the finished composition should be taken.
In addition, when preparing for use, it is important to strictly adhere to the instructions.
Finished putties are produced either on the basis of latexes or on the basis of new generation dispersions. Sold in buckets or tanks.
Ready-to-use putties are easy to use, they do not require time to prepare the composition and precise adherence to technology. All components are already diluted in exact proportions and the solution is ready for use.
There are no time restrictions on the use of the finished solution; you can work with it for quite a long time. If it is necessary to take a break in working with the finished putty, it is enough to close the container with it tightly, while it does not lose its qualities for a long time.
The disadvantages of ready-made putties are a higher cost; it is also not recommended to use ready-made putties in layers more than 5 mm thick.
What putty is better to putty walls and how to choose it
Classification of putty by composition: gypsum, polymer (acrylic) and cement.
Consider their disadvantages and advantages.
1. Gypsum putties are attractive at an inexpensive price, they lend themselves well to leveling, do not shrink. The only drawback is the poor resistance to moisture. Only this limits the scope of their use.
2. Cement putties are distinguished by excellent moisture resistance, but have a significant drawback - a high degree of shrinkage.
3. And, finally, polymer putties. Undoubted advantages: excellent moisture resistance, do not shrink at all. With the help of polymer putty, a high quality of the treated wall surfaces is obtained. The only downside is the high price.
According to the purpose, putties can be divided into starting (leveling), decorative (finishing) and universal.
1. Characteristics of leveling (starting) mixtures: high strength, excellent adhesion, large granularity. Recommended: for leveling walls after plastering. Application thickness: 3 -20 mm.
2. For a high-quality decorative finish, it is desirable to apply finishing putties to the surface to be treated. With their help, you can get a perfectly smooth, even surface, hiding small flaws. The strength of the finishing putty is less than the starting one, its processing does not cause difficulties. It is applied in a small layer up to 4 mm.
3. Universal putties combine the properties of decorative and leveling mixtures. They cost more, although they are slightly inferior in properties to finishing and starting coatings. We recommend using it when processing walls without major flaws.
The modern market offers dry and ready-to-use putties. Attracts a small cost of dry putty and the possibility of its long-term storage.
Ready-made putties are convenient to use. You do not have to use a mixer to prepare a homogeneous putty mixture. This saves time and virtually no dust. But ready-made putties are much more expensive than dry ones. Please note: such putties give a lot of shrinkage. If a layer less than 2 mm thick is applied, ready-made putties cannot be used. They also do not boast of a long shelf life. It is significantly less than dry building mixes.
Manufacturers
Company Semin, which has a representative office in different cities of Russia, appeared in France, and has been on the domestic market since 1996. Its main specialization is the import of building materials and finishing mixtures from both France and other European countries. The company itself was founded in 1938 as a company producing high quality professional finishing materials.
At the present stage, Semin is represented by a wide range of putties, as well as mixtures for working with metal parts of cars. In France, the company has three factories, and in Russia - one. The total number of countries to which it organizes the supply of its products is more than 40.
One of the most popular ready-made mixtures of this company is the Semin two-in-one putty, designed for both primary and finishing surfaces. Differs in easy drawing and high adhesive properties. After drying, the wall becomes pure white. All properties of the material described in the instructions for use are fully consistent with reality.
Polish company Novol in 1978 was widely known in Eastern Europe as a manufacturer of paint materials for cars. It was started by a small company that dealt only with this segment of the business, but soon the production expanded: universal and specialized putty compositions appeared in combination with additional materials. Since 1989, another large plant has been operating in the city of Poznan, and Novol products have been supplied to the Russian market since the late nineties.
The line of putties of this company is very diverse. Each material has its own specific purpose, which greatly facilitates the choice. Basically, the compositions are focused on working with metal and plastic surfaces. On sale there are specialized formulations intended, for example, only for plastic, as well as universal ones.
Materials can be applied either with a conventional spatula or with the help of pneumatics, but only if major leveling and elimination of large defects is not required.
Among the automotive mixtures of this company, the best reviews received putty Novol Fiber. It is characterized by ease of application to metal surfaces, good adhesion and high wear resistance. Ideal for truck body repairs. The strength and durability of this putty is due to the fact that it consists of polyester resins and fiberglass.
On the territory of Russia there are also several worthy companies for the production of putty materials for various purposes. For example, a company "Hercules", founded in 1997 in Siberia, initially adopted most of the valuable experience from colleagues from Germany, which subsequently led to its licensing from the Germans. "Hercules" is a well-deserved leader in the Russian market, specializing in dry putty mixtures, indispensable in cases of deep leveling and processing of large surfaces.
The company's products imply the use of exclusively high-quality raw materials and are the best in Siberia, and the prices for products are always affordable and humane, focused on a wide range of consumers. In 2015, a new production workshop was opened, equipped with modern types of equipment, which allowed the company to significantly increase the overall productivity of the goods. The manufacturer is constantly expanding its business relations in the market. The product is successfully sold in more than twenty subjects, as well as in Kazakhstan.
Among the putties of the company "Hercules" a non-shrinking two-component mixture is in demand. It has a low cost, it can fill cracks of any size. Suitable for use in dry rooms. It consists of a high-grade gypsum substance, as well as an inert white filler and polymer additives that provide the material with high adhesive properties.
The composition is easy to apply and absolutely safe for the environment.
Another recognized leader in the Russian market of putty materials is the trade brand "Tex" from St. Petersburg, better known as Tikkurila. In such cases, one should distinguish between the concepts of the company and the brand under which it produces its products. "Teks" has long been providing the Russian consumer with dry and universal putty mixes, attracting them with reasonable prices and decent product quality.
Products of the Tex trademark are represented by a wide range of primers, adhesives and solvents, as well as various putties: oil, acrylic, latex. Among them, buyers most often demand the universal composition "Lux" for performing work indoors for any purpose. Putty "Lux" has a high level of moisture resistance, which allows it to be used in the bathroom, kitchen, saunas and swimming pools.
Large German concern Knauf is a recognized leader in the market of building materials of all kinds. In the early 30s of the last century, the brothers Karl and Alfons Knauf had the idea to use such a wonderful natural material as gypsum in the construction business. It all started with the development of gypsum mines in Schengen, after which the opening of the first Knauf plant in Germany took place. It is noteworthy that the Knauf brothers decided to start their activities precisely with the production of dry gypsum-based plaster mixes.
In the future, the company began to develop rapidly, releasing drywall, machine plaster and liquid screed for floors. Putty dry mixes of cement and gypsum appeared on the market in the 70s, and when the political system in Russia began to change dramatically, the German manufacturer became seriously interested in the prospect of international cooperation. In the 90s, gypsum factories in the territory of the former USSR almost stopped their work, and if any of the building mixtures were produced, their quality, unfortunately, left much to be desired. But since Knauf representatives saw good potential in the development of the market in Russia, they very soon decided to start production with us, especially since the company's range was subsequently expanded to the production of universal putty mixtures, the most popular for simple repair work.
Throughout its existence, the building mixtures of this company have not changed in terms of quality and production technologies. Knauf is customer-oriented and humane in terms of pricing for its product. Now in Russia, production is carried out on German equipment, and raw materials are mined on our territory. In the 2000s, the company entered the investment market of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. In Russia, the company attracts and trains our specialists, providing people with decent jobs and excellent products.
The most popular among consumers can be called putty Fugen, which is a highly effective mixture with gypsum powder and polymer additives in the composition. It is designed to level walls and ceilings in rooms with optimal humidity levels. Suitable for working with concrete and plastered surfaces in order to eliminate large and small defects, ideally in contact with drywall.
Due to its plasticity and high adhesion, it was this composition that received the best reviews among construction professionals.
Many, of course, are familiar with the other German company Henkel. It is known as a manufacturer of household chemicals and personal care products, but its offshoot called Henkel Bautechnik focuses specifically on the construction segment. Among the wide range of building materials, putty mixtures stand out, both dry and ready-made. The choice of putty, unlike Knauf, is not so wide, but the advantage of this manufacturer is that it is much easier to find a specialized mixture. Each putty is designed strictly to perform a specific task, which is very popular with many craftsmen. On the Russian market, Henkel is represented by the Ceresit trademark.
Putty mixture Ceresit CT 225- a great option for facade work. Masters note that it is the cement types of mixtures that are the best among all putties of this brand. Its main advantage is the content of a large amount of reinforcing additives necessary for external finishing work, however, in order for them to be evenly distributed over the entire surface, one must not forget to stir the finished composition as often as possible.
Types of putties for the intended purpose
According to the purpose, putties are divided into four main groups:
- leveling (starting);
- finishing (or putties of the second layer);
- universal;
- specialized;
Leveling (starting) putties or, as they are also called, putty of the first layer, designed for rough alignment of walls, ceilings, doorways, slopes. The choice of leveling putty depends on the base material. First of all, it must have good adhesion to the substrate, high strength and durability. Also an important indicator when choosing a leveling putty is the ability to apply a layer of variable thickness (from 0 to 25 mm).
Finishing putties or putties of the second layer applied to the surface immediately before its decorative finish. 
They are usually used for thin and whimsical finishing materials, such as paints, flock coatings and textile wallpapers. They can even out minor defects and scratches, since these compounds form a layer with a thickness of 0.2 to 1 mm. They are applied in several stages, 0.1 - 0.2 mm at a time. Drying, such a putty forms a smooth, dense white surface, similar to polishing to the touch, which does not need to be sanded.
Universal putties combine the functions of both leveling and finishing, and sometimes specialized putties. For non-professionals, it is convenient when the same material can be used to perform minor surface repairs, to carry out preliminary leveling of various types of foundations and to perform fine finishing, as well as special types of work (structural decorative finishing, laying gypsum blocks, etc.).
The criterion for classifying putties as universal is a set of aggregate properties of the material in a wide range of applications. Those. the characteristics of such a material remain sufficiently high and stable in various conditions of use. There are not so many materials that fully correspond to the universal category. These are modern, rather complex multicomponent compositions. And also not the cheapest.
And yet, in terms of quality, universal putty is inferior to putties designed for specific purposes.
Specialized putties with special additives are used to solve specific problems. There is a putty for sealing the joints of gypsum panels without the use of reinforcing tape, an elastic mixture for "breathing" cracks, expanding - for urgent repairs, etc. They have high elasticity and strength. Choosing such a putty is quite simple. The purpose and methods of using specialized putty, as a rule, are written on its packaging.
Do-it-yourself wall putty
Many owners tend to carry out repair work on their own: this is not always caused by the desire to save on the wages of specialists. Many people like to make repairs themselves, taking into account their every wish, or simply because they like this activity. As for the puttying process, there is nothing complicated in it, you just need to purchase a high-quality putty mixture and follow the correct work technology - these two facts will allow you to get a smooth, beautiful wall, ready for further finishing.
Training
Before proceeding with the puttying itself, the walls must be properly prepared.
1) Remove the remains of old building materials as much as possible. Traces of varnish, paint, wallpaper - can significantly affect the quality of the finished coating, in the worst case, the remainder of the old varnish can simply fall off after the putty is completed, violating the integrity of the finished layer.
2) Carefully examine the surface for cracks, chips, irregularities. If there are any, then they must first be repaired, flush with the wall, making sure during operation that no bulges appear. After sealing the cracks, it is necessary to wait for the time required for the material to dry completely and only then proceed to the next step.
3) Thorough cleaning of the walls and the room as a whole. There should be no dust, dirt, greasy stains - all of them must be removed, cleaned, degreased. It is advisable to vacuum the walls to remove small particles of dirt and dust as much as possible.
4) Priming surfaces. The primer must be selected based on the material from which the walls are made, and also, depending on their condition, applied in one or several layers. A primer with antifungal additives is preferred - to prevent the occurrence of mold or similar troubles. The primer should be applied with a brush - a brush or a special roller that can transfer liquid well to the wall.
This stage is important, as well-primed walls have a stronger adhesion to the putty mixture and are protected from damage by fungus. Therefore, you need to try to apply the primer as carefully as possible, without missing a single millimeter. After application, leave the primer alone until completely dry, which is at least six to eight hours, at room temperature in the room. But it is best to leave the walls to dry for a day.
Preparation of putty mixture
If you plan to putty a room, or even more than one, then ready-made putty in buckets will probably not work for you - this, although convenient, is obviously not cheap. Just for processing large areas, a dry putty mixture packaged in bags is perfect, from which you can independently prepare a ready-to-use material. This is not difficult to do, but it is important to follow the correct cooking technique:
1) In a clean, preferably plastic, container, pour one third of clean water. Water must be taken cool or even cold, as hot water accelerates the hardening of the finished putty.
2) Dry putty mixture is poured into the water. Quantitatively it is difficult to say exactly, it all depends on the manufacturer and needs. Manufacturers' recommendations and experience will help to resolve this issue.
Firstly, the proportion of water and dry component is always indicated on the packages, which will allow you to get a ready-to-use mass. Secondly, after trying the finished putty prepared according to the instructions, you may need a thicker, or, conversely, a more liquid consistency. Of course, in the process of mixing the mass, a dry product can be added, therefore, initially try not to exceed the amount indicated on the package.
3) For the next step, you will need a construction mixer. Having installed it on the perforator, it is necessary to make the initial mixing of the mixture. Its purpose is to completely moisten the dry powder with water. You need to interfere at low speeds of the tool, in slow circular motions, trying not to scatter the putty around the container.
After the initial mixing, you need to leave the mixture for five to ten minutes, this is necessary so that the water completely soaks the dry putty, and especially the lumps that it contains.
4) Mix again using the same building mixer. This time more intensive mixing is possible. After that, leave the mixture alone again to swell. Thus, it is necessary to make three to four approaches, alternating the processes of mixing and settling the finished mixture. You need to mix for about three minutes, defend - about five. Thus, gradually, the consistency will reach the desired one - medium density and high plasticity.
It is important to prepare not too much putty, as it is not stored ready-made. In this case, it is more convenient to get a smaller amount, and, if necessary, finish more. The thickening mixture is also not suitable for dilution with water and further use - since the formation of lumps in this case is simply inevitable. Therefore, thickened or completely hardened putty must be discarded, the container in which it was washed and prepared again.
Wall putty
Proper adherence to the technology of this process requires the application of putty, at least in two layers - starting, and then finishing. But in fact, there may be more layers - depending on the condition of the walls and their visible defects.
1) To apply putties, you will need two spatulas - wide and narrow. A wide spatula should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the container in which the putty is located - this is necessary so that it can fit there. The second, narrow, spatula is needed in order to distribute the putty along the entire length of the wide one, as well as to correct flaws. It can also be used to dial the product on a wide tool - here everyone develops a technique that is convenient for him.
2) The first layer is the starting putty, it is looser and can be applied in a thicker layer than the finishing one. With its help, you can hide minor wall defects - shells, small cracks. It is convenient to apply putty from the bottom up, using a wide spatula. The spatula is held by the handle with three fingers, and two - the middle and index fingers, are stops and it is convenient to adjust the pressing force on the spatula by holding it from above, by the plastic base.
The finished putty is plastic and easy to apply, it must be homogeneous and not contain lumps or other inclusions. It is necessary to apply the solution as evenly as possible, avoiding irregularities or visually noticeable strokes - a wide spatula helps a lot with this. It is desirable to work quickly, since the putty mixture hardens quite quickly and after some fifteen to twenty minutes it will be problematic to correct application errors.
3) You can continue to work only after the first layer is completely dry. If it is supposed to do a lot of layers, then at this stage it would be best to use a reinforcing mesh.
After the layer of starting putty has dried, the network must be fixed to the wall with temporary fasteners, and then a layer of finishing putty should be applied. It must be applied in such a way as to hide the mesh as much as possible, but at the same time, not too thick a layer - the maximum it should be no more than five millimeters. After this layer is applied, you should also wait for it to dry completely. If the reinforcing network is not completely covered by the first layer of putty, then another one must be applied that will hide it completely. This layer should also dry well.
4) The next stage is the application of the main layer. This is a high quality finishing putty - it is applied very thinly - a couple of millimeters, no more. It must be applied simultaneously, on the entire wall - otherwise, the transitions will be visually noticeable. This layer is not in vain the main one, it should be as even and carefully removed as possible. If, nevertheless, there are minor flaws, then after the work is completed and the putty has dried, they can be cleaned with a fine grinding mesh.
The mesh grain size should be no more than 3 mm cell, otherwise, a thin layer of the finish coating can be damaged and visually noticeable grinding marks can be left. In no case should you use cloth-based sandpaper - after such processing, noticeable traces almost always remain!
The finished surface, finished with putty, dries, depending on the temperature in the room - from 8 to 24 hours. After complete drying, further finishing work is possible.
Putty is one of the most popular materials that are used to level surfaces or seal seams, cracks. Putties are presented in the form of dry mixes and ready-made. The first option is diluted with water, and the finished formulations are used immediately after opening.
How to understand what is needed for what?
By appointment, the following types of putties are distinguished:
- The leveling composition is designed to eliminate surface irregularities. This type of mixture sets with different materials. He is able to evenly fill the flaws. Has high strength.
- Finishing options are used to prepare the walls / ceiling for finishing.
- For sealing joints and minor repairs, specialized compounds are used.
- Universal - designed for any surface.
Particle size classification
Dry or ready-mix (putty), which is used for interior work is:
- rough-relief (used for applying the first layer, the thickness of which is from 0.5-2.5 mm);
- finishing (used at the completion of leveling work, the layer thickness does not exceed 1 mm).
The layer of rough putty used for interior work must be plastic so that the applied mixture does not crack when dried.
Positive and negative sides of dry and ready mixes
To level the walls, the choice often falls on dry types of putties, which are diluted with water. On the shelves in hardware stores, such a composition is found in paper bags packaged from 5 to 25 kg.
Dry mix has a shelf life of 1 year It is allowed to store such a composition in any room, regardless of temperature. The dry composition is diluted to the desired consistency. However, you will have to do it yourself, which takes time and accuracy. Once prepared, it is important to use the mixture quickly. It is impossible to store in a diluted form, since the composition immediately hardens.
As for ready-made options, they are used immediately after opening the package. It is easy to work with them. The shelf life of the compositions is not limited.
Composition classification: cement mixture
To level the walls inside the room, most often the choice falls on the cement composition. It includes three ingredients: a binding component - cement, water and sand.
When mixing the ingredients, pay special attention to the sand, it must be clean and large (1.5-2.5 mm). If you choose fine-grained for work, then cracks will soon form on the surface.
The optimum temperature of the water used to bind the components is twenty degrees Celsius.
This putty is suitable for indoor work, regardless of the level of humidity. However, keep in mind that the mixture will shrink over time, so in the future you will need to repeat the procedure.
The cement-based finish is not afraid of moisture, but is not suitable for wood If the choice fell on this composition, pay attention to one feature - it is not elastic, so slight cracks may appear on the surface.
A couple of days after application, the putty is polished. The cement mortar is diluted only before work, since the shelf life of the mixture in finished form is limited (the specific time is indicated on the package). The estimated service life of the finished composition is 5-24 hours.
For leveling wooden surfaces (for interior work), this composition is not suitable.
Gypsum mixture
It is intended only for internal works (for walls and a ceiling). Why? The fact is that under the influence of moisture, gypsum deteriorates, loses its properties. This type of mixture is also divided into starting and finishing. The first option has a rough structure, it is used when the deviation of the surface from the plane is more than five millimeters. For fine alignment, use the second option - the finishing one.
When leveling walls, both options are used. First, the first layer is laid - the starting one (with the help of it, the seams and cracks are closed), and then the finishing one.
Applying plaster putty, and then sanding it is not difficult. The positive aspects include the safety of this material. It is usually used for walls that are going to be painted in the future.
Note that this putty does not smell, dries quickly and is inexpensive.
Gypsum composition Polymer blends
This is a relatively new type of material. It is divided into acrylic and latex compositions.
Acrylic mix is suitable for different surfaces. With it, perfectly smooth surfaces of walls and ceilings are obtained. The material is characterized by environmental friendliness, safety and availability. Doesn't smell and is easy to work with. This mixture is suitable for both the starting layer and the finish.
As for latex, it is elastic and practically does not shrink. However, this material is not cheap.
The polymer mixture is "friendly" with almost all surfaces How to choose putty
Putties are sold in closed containers / bags, and it will not work to find out what quality they are. Which one to choose? If a bad mixture is purchased, it is allowed on the first layer, the base one, and a high-quality one is used for the finish.
For interior walls, Eurogypsum and compositions from Kraft and Henkel are suitable. High-quality mixtures from Russian manufacturers include Prospectors, Ural Construction Mixes and Volma.
A video lesson from a specialist builder will help you deal with the types of mixtures:
Before you buy this or that composition, read the instructions, find out what it is intended for and what properties it has. Be sure to find out for which surfaces this putty is used.
To buy a quality dry mix, you can test it by purchasing only a few kilograms to begin with.
Putty is a great way to even out minor irregularities on any surface, since modern technology makes it possible to produce such compounds for almost any material. Putty literally everything that needs to be leveled - metal, brick, concrete, wood and even plastics. On this site we are talking about construction, which is why we will talk about building putties. In this article, together with the site site, we will study the types of putties and get acquainted with their features and applications.
Types of putty for walls
Types of putties: varieties, their features and purpose
In construction and repair, three main types of putties are mainly used - these are cement-based mixtures, gypsum putties and the so-called ready-made compositions, which are mainly used for finishing the surfaces of walls and ceilings.
- Cement-based putty. This type of putty can be called universal - they are used with equal success both indoors and outdoors. The main advantages of this type of putty are high strength and excellent resistance to moisture - they can withstand even prolonged exposure to 100% humidity. It is for this reason that their scope is mainly reduced to leveling the outer walls. If we talk about the disadvantages of cement-based putties, then here we can only mention its poor machinability - it is quite difficult to clean it with the usual abrasive materials. In this regard, it is used as a rough finishing material in preparing walls for applying finishing decorative coatings of the type, and other similar materials, which, due to their rigidity, easily hide its rough structure.
Cement-based putty photo
- Gypsum plasters. These types of putty for walls and ceilings are used exclusively indoors - gypsum is destroyed by prolonged exposure to moisture, so it is not used outside. There are two subspecies of such mixtures for leveling surfaces - these are starting and finishing mixtures. Based on their name, it is not difficult to imagine the scope of their application. The starting putty has a rough structure and is used to level surfaces whose deviation from the plane exceeds 5 mm. As for the finishing mixtures, they are used for finer leveling. As a rule, these types of putties for interior work are used in pairs - first, preliminary is carried out by means of starting mixtures, and then the result is brought to the standard with the help of finishing putty. Even if we are talking about drywall putty, it is still better to use two types of mixtures - in such a situation, seams are sealed by means of starting putty, and the rest of the surface is finished off.
Gypsum-based putty photo
- Ready-made compositions based on acrylic. These types of materials can hardly be called finishing putty - to be precise, the name super-finishing or even jewelry putty is more suitable for them. It is applied to the surface with a layer of no more than 1 mm and is used in most cases for fine work - with its help, they perform the final finishing of walls and ceilings prepared for painting. With proper application of this material, an almost glossy surface is obtained.
Which putty is better: the subtleties of choice for a quality result
In most cases, putty is sold in tightly sealed bags, and there is no way to examine their contents without looking inside. How then to be? We have to trust the experience, practice of specialists and the opinion of experienced people. By and large, even the worst putty can be applied to the wall, but you yourself understand that the result may turn out to be of poor quality. If this happens, the mixture is replaced with a better one and the last layer is applied with a quality composition.
To be specific and answer the question of which putty is better to putty the walls, then the answer will be simple, but incomprehensible to many - soft. These compositions include Turkish putty "Eurogypsum", a mixture of companies Knauf and Henkel. If we talk about domestic products, then here we can distinguish putties "Prospectors", "Volma" and "Ural building mixtures". The quality of these products is at their best, and most importantly, these putties have been tested by time and by more than one generation of craftsmen.
Which putty is better
There is another way to check the putty for quality. In many hardware stores, it is sold by weight - you can buy one-, two- and five-kilogram packaging and just try it out before making a bulk purchase. The only “but” in this whole story is that in this way they sell mainly the cheapest mixtures that are not popular and simply stale in the store.
How to prepare putty for use: step by step instructions
Almost all types of putty are sold in stores in the form of a dry mix - the only exception is acrylic, which is completely ready for use, and to start using it, you just need to mix it. In this regard, dry mixes are slightly inferior to them - they require proper preparation. How to prepare a dry putty mixture for application? This is done quite simply.
In a good way, putty is prepared for a long time - it is stirred in several passes. A person with experience sees her condition and knows when to start work. And without experience, you will have to rely on the clock or the advice of specialists who say that you need to mix at least three runs, each of which lasts 3-5 minutes.
In conclusion, considering the issue of types of putties, I want to give a couple of small tips on its use, or rather one piece of advice, but two consequences follow from it. Firstly, you should not prepare putty in large quantities, because it thickens over time and it becomes almost impossible to putty with it. Secondly, you should not re-dilute the thickened putty, especially when it comes to applying the finishing layer - it is taken in lumps and begins to thicken twice as fast. Just throw the thickened mixture into the trash, thoroughly clean and wash the bucket and knead a new portion of the solution, but in a smaller amount.
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