Grandfather's tobacco is edible. Description and distribution of the edible raincoat fungus (prickly). The use of grandfather tobacco in treatment

Surely, when traveling to the bosom of nature, you met in groves, forests or even in meadows peculiar white mushrooms in the form of balls ranging in size from tennis to baseball. There are also larger specimens.

They are called raincoats. A characteristic feature of these mushrooms is that they have the ability to explode. No, there is nothing dangerous in this, just if you touch a mature raincoat, it will burst, releasing a cloud of spores - this is how they multiply, and it was this feature that gave rise to their popular name - “grandfather tobacco”, “wolf tobacco”, “dust duster” , or just a raincoat mushroom. Few people know how to cook it, as experienced mushroom pickers from central Russia look at the raincoat with contempt, considering it third-rate. By the way, there are reasons for this - this is how the mushroom encyclopedia characterizes raincoats. But on the other hand, they are highly valued abroad. Not like truffles, but at the level of champignons. And this mushroom should be paid attention not only to those who live in the “non-mushroom” zone, but also to avid lovers of “silent hunting”.

In addition to purely culinary qualities, the raincoat also has an excellent hemostatic property. It is enough to attach a cut of the fungus to the wound, as it almost instantly stops bleeding.

How to cook puffball mushroom

In taste, it resembles champignon, as it is its close relative, but has a more pronounced mushroom smell and taste. If it is dried and crushed, then the resulting powder is perfect for dressing soups, and when fried, it turns out just a meal, not a dish. Especially if you put out raincoats in sour cream.

Mushrooms of any size are suitable for frying, the main thing is that the fruiting body is elastic and dense. If the core is dark, then you have a false representative of this family, and if it is white - a real raincoat mushroom.

How to cook it for frying? Yes, just like all other mushrooms: first wash, then cut into pieces, boil and fry in hot butter or sunflower oil for about seven minutes. Then the dish needs to be salted, lightly peppered, pour sour cream and simmer for a couple of minutes. You can skip pre-boiling if you are sure that the area in which you picked mushrooms is environmentally friendly. The fruiting bodies of mushrooms have the ability to collect all the toxic emissions of our civilization, and the puffball mushroom is no exception in this regard. How to cook it and not get poisoned? For this, preliminary boiling of the entire collection is recommended.

If you have heard something about the fact that you need to throw an onion into boiling water with mushrooms to determine the toxicity, then forget this advice. He has no basis whatsoever. So mushrooms are not tested for edibility. As for raincoats specifically, even its false varieties are not very poisonous. The maximum that threatens you is indigestion and a mild allergic reaction.

The soup made from "grandfather's tobacco" is also very tasty (as mentioned above, this is what the people call the puffball mushroom). Soup recipes are found in many cookbooks, and here we will talk about how to whip it up.

You will need:

  • a handful of vermicelli;
  • one potato;
  • one bulb;
  • salt;
  • spices;
  • rain mushroom.

From one mushroom? With "grandfather's tobacco" this trick may well pass, as it is able to grow up to 20-40 cm in diameter. Enough for a three-liter pot of light soup.

Wash mushrooms and cut into small pieces. We throw in boiling water, boil for a couple of minutes and drain the water. Then we throw the mushrooms into the pan again, fill with fresh water and put on fire. Quickly fry the onion in vegetable oil, peel and cut the potatoes into cubes. We send potatoes with onions to the boiling broth and bring it to half-cooked. Now it's the turn of the vermicelli. Salt, bay leaf and spices should be added at the end of the preparation of the soup. You can eat it immediately after the end of cooking, and the next day. It is very tasty even when cold, and perfectly replaces the traditional okroshka in summer.

Extraordinarily tasty and very satisfying, nutritious dishes can be prepared using mushrooms. They are in place both on the festive table and in everyday life as an appetizer or side dish. Raincoat mushroom, among other things, is also distinguished by amazing healing properties, a beneficial effect on health.

Edible or not puffball mushroom?

The product in question, belonging to the champignon family, can and cannot be eaten at the same time. The fact is that the young raincoat has a white color and dense pulp inside, which is quite edible. Over time, the fungus gradually turns yellow at first, then turns brown, and closer to the period of maturation of the spores, it turns black. Therefore, it is also called "grandfather's tobacco": if you touch a ripe raincoat, then a small cloud of dark gray dust will appear from the top.

Thus, the described mushroom is edible, but only if the following characteristics are present:

  • white color of the body and pulp of the puffball, without yellowness;
  • dense structure;
  • the absence of a stem and cap, any lamellar surfaces, the mushroom should be a single formation with a smooth or slightly rough skin.

Raincoat mushroom - useful and medicinal properties

Eating this product has the following effects on the body:

  • elimination of toxins;
  • cleansing the gastrointestinal tract;
  • improvement of the composition of lymph and blood;
  • elimination of chlorine- and fluorine-containing compounds, radionuclides.

Moreover, all traditional healers know that raincoat broth or soup cooked on its basis is much healthier than chicken counterpart. Previously, patients with tuberculosis and other diseases of the respiratory organs were soldered to them to quickly restore vitality and maintain immunity.

Mature mushrooms also have medicinal properties. Raincoat tincture is actively and widely used in the treatment of dermatological diseases and pathologies of internal organs.

The drug is easy to prepare at home:

  1. Wash the mushrooms thoroughly and pack them into a half-liter glass clean jar.
  2. Pour the remaining space with a mixture of vodka and water in equal proportions.
  3. Infuse the product for 15 days in the refrigerator.
  4. Strain the liquid.
  5. Take exactly 30 g 30 minutes before meals (1 time per day), drink either water or natural juice.

Mushroom raincoat treatment

The prepared tincture perfectly helps with viral hepatitis, diseases of the genitourinary system and helps dissolve stones, sand in the kidneys. It is believed that a 10-day course of treatment eliminates dysbacteriosis.

In addition to internal use, the medicine can be applied to the skin. This will eliminate furunculosis lesions of the dermis, acne, and purulent formations.

It is alleged that the constant intake of such a peculiar drug helps in the treatment of cardiovascular pathologies, normalizes blood pressure and hormonal balance,.

It should be noted that the raincoat can be used without any additional manipulations, in its pure form. The fresh pulp of the mushroom perfectly disinfects wounds, abrasions and cuts on the skin. The raincoat acts as a mild anesthetic, relieving pain, stopping bleeding, and promoting rapid healing.

Wolf tobacco or puffball mushroom belongs to the most common mushrooms. Mycologists have calculated that about 60 species of raincoats grow on earth, of which about 20 species grow in our country. Among them are spherical (round), pear-shaped, prickly, sessile, golovachi, etc. The most common raincoats are round or pear-shaped and golovachi with a spherical head on a cylindrical leg (the head and leg make up a single fruiting body of the fungus). The pulp at a young age is white, with a pleasant smell, quite elastic, easily separated from the skin. The leg of the spherical and pear-shaped raincoat is not pronounced, it reaches a height of 5-12 cm with a thickness of 3-4 cm. Raincoats belong to category IV.

As it ages, the pulp of the puffball darkens and turns into a greenish-brown dust (spores), which is easily dispersed by wind or mechanical contact with the fungus. In autumn, a large raincoat can scatter up to several billion spores. Sometimes they are called "wolf tobacco", "grandfather's tobacco" or fluff.

These strange mushrooms can be eaten and do not differ in taste from the porcini mushroom, at the same time they are forest healers, and some of them are capable of being windsock mushrooms. Raincoats in the forest are like weather vanes for orientation in unfamiliar areas. On a typical day in the forest, without a compass, a lost mushroom picker or hunter can determine the direction with the help of a raincoat. Knowing the direction of the wind in a given area, even in the stillness of the forest air, shaking off the fruiting body of a dry raincoat, a person will accurately know the direction of an outwardly imperceptible wind. Interesting is the use of "smoking mushrooms", or puffballs, by North American turkeys and tribes of African spearmen for hunting. When approaching the beast - bison, rhinoceros, lions - even with complete calm, they were able to determine the inconspicuous draft of the air by the behavior of the spores of the raincoat and approached the beast from the side where he could not feel the approach of the hunter. Ancient tribes of hunters used a mass of spores of these mushrooms to blind the animal, which was then attacked.


In ancient times, raincoat spores were used as a hemostatic agent, called magic powder. To this end, barbers kept the skins of raincoats in jars. In dried form, the raincoat was used during medical operations in veterinary medicine: cut bloody veins and wounds were sprinkled on them, since it has a “compressive and drying” force. In the domestic literature it is indicated that it is enough to apply a white slurry from the pulp of a young kolobok or the inner shell of an old powder coat to the wound, when the “tobacco” has flown out of it, and the blood coagulates, the pain subsides. This hemostatic property of raincoats was previously widely used in partisan practice in the absence of other medicines.

Naturalists have determined that mature raincoats can also be successfully used in horticulture in the fight against aphids and other pests of trees and shrubs. To do this, it is enough to set fire to the dark green filling of a ripe raincoat and fumigate the garden with acrid smoke. After a week, the procedure must be repeated.


Among the raincoats, there are many species that have a peculiar shape of the fruiting body. So, the nest of a bird with testicles resembles the fruiting body of Nidularia. The rounded, large fruiting body of the golovach resembles a soccer ball, with rays like a star, the fruiting body of earthen stars, pear-shaped - of a pear-shaped raincoat. Bunny potatoes are called some round-shaped puffballs. Often in meadows, fields, pastures, in gardens, parks and forests, a raincoat-flask grows, which got its nickname for an oblong fruit body tapering downwards. In search of porcini mushrooms, mushroom pickers often bypass these edible mushrooms. It is no coincidence that A. Cheremnov mentions them in the lines of his poem:


“The distance is transparent. The air is fresh and clean
But the thoughtful blue is pale ...
From the sleepy swamp all around
It smells of pine needles, dampness and rot.
Raincoat, hurt by a boot,
Drenched with dry, green dust.


This fungus is found from May to late autumn in glades, meadows, along roads, in squares and lawns, settles on various soils and even on rotten wood. Appears after warm rains. It grows very quickly, "by leaps and bounds." Amateur mushroom pickers noticed that giant raincoats added up to 5 cm in diameter per day. And usually they are up to 20 cm in diameter and weigh 300-400 g.



In 1977, a raincoat weighing 11 kg 150 g was demonstrated at the Estonian Museum of Nature, the diameter of its fruiting body was 188 cm. kg. In 1967, a raincoat weighing 12.5 kg with a diameter of 63 cm was found in the Moscow region, and in 1984 on the banks of the Setunka River - with a diameter of 160 cm and a mass of 7.3 kg. Some mushroom pickers found families of giant raincoats. For example, in 1988, a group of 8 raincoats with a total weight of about 2 pounds was found near Kemerovo, and in 1984 near Narva and in 1989 in Tataria, groups of 6 mushrooms were found, among which the largest reached 4 kg.

When dried, the raincoats do not lose their whiteness, they are well stored in a dense plastic container, they are easily ground into powder, so they can be successfully used for making broths and sauces. In winter, this plain-looking gib with its gastronomic qualities can even compete with mushrooms.

When collecting, it must be borne in mind that more or less spherical mushrooms from the genus Pseudo-puffball also look like puffballs. True, at a young age, the latter are characterized by a very dense crusty shell, and not thin-film or soft-crusty, as in puffballs. Thus, it is very easy to distinguish them, and this must be done, since false puffballs are suspected of being able to cause poisoning, although minor, but still.

In a number of Western European countries, raincoats are considered a delicacy and equated with champignons. Italians consider young raincoats to be one of the best mushrooms. When picking mushrooms in the forest, do not pass by the unfairly neglected, but very attractive and tasty mushrooms.

Systematics:
  • Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
  • Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
  • Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
  • Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
  • Order: Agaricales (Agaric or Lamellar)
  • Family: Agaricaceae (Champignon)
  • Genus: Lycoperdon (Raincoat)
  • View: Lycoperdon perlatum (Edible puffball)
    Other names for mushroom:

Synonyms:

  • Raincoat real

  • Raincoat prickly

  • Raincoat pearl

Usually actually raincoat called young dense mushrooms that have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores (“dust”). They are also called: bee sponge, rabbit potato, and a ripe mushroom - fluff, pyrkhovka, duster, grandfather's tobacco, wolf tobacco, tobacco mushroom, damn tavlinka and so on.

fruiting body:
The fruiting body is pear-shaped or club-shaped. The fruit spherical part in diameter ranges from 20 to 50 mm. Lower cylindrical part, sterile, 20 to 60 mm high and 12 to 22 mm thick. In a young fungus, the fruiting body is spiny-warty, white. In mature mushrooms, it becomes brown, buffy and naked. In young fruiting bodies, Gleba is elastic and white. The raincoat differs from hat mushrooms in a spherical fruiting body.

The fruiting body is covered with a two-layer shell. Outside, the shell is smooth, inside - leathery. The surface of the fruiting body of a real raincoat is covered with small spikes, which distinguishes the mushroom from those that have the same white color as the mushroom itself at a young age. The spikes are very easy to separate at the slightest touch.

After drying and maturation of the fruiting body, white Gleba turns into an olive-brown spore powder. The powder comes out through the hole formed in the top of the spherical part of the fungus.

Leg:
An edible raincoat can be with or without a barely noticeable leg.

Pulp:
in young raincoats, the body is loose, white. Young mushrooms are suitable for consumption. Mature mushrooms have a powdery body, brown in color. Mushroom pickers call mature raincoats - "damn tobacco." Old raincoats are not used for food.

Disputes:
warty, spherical, light olive-brown.

Spreading:
Edible puffball is found in coniferous and deciduous forests from June to November.

Edibility:
A little-known edible delicious mushroom. Raincoats and dust jacketsedible until they lose their whiteness. Young fruiting bodies are used for food, Gleb of which is elastic and white. It is best to fry this mushroom, pre-cut into slices.

Similarity:
The edible raincoat outwardly resembles, which has the same pear-shaped and club-shaped fruiting body. But, unlike a real raincoat, a hole does not form on its top, but the entire upper part disintegrates, after disintegration only a sterile leg remains. And all other signs are very similar, Gleba is also dense and white at first. With age, Gleba turns into a dark brown spore powder. Golovach is prepared in the same way as a raincoat.

Notes:
These mushrooms are familiar to everyone, but almost no one collects them. When you knock down white balls, brown clouds of smoke rise up - the spores of these mushrooms scatter. This species was called a raincoat because very often it grows precisely after the rains. Until the Raincoats turn green inside, these are delicious mushrooms. Italians consider this species to be the most delicious of mushrooms. But, when Gleba acquires a greenish color, the mushroom becomes cottony and tasteless, but not poisonous. Therefore, the collected mushrooms cannot be stored for a long time, they even plucked turn green very quickly.

Everyone eats champignons (store-bought). It turns out that the puffball mushroom is their relative, since they are part of the same champignon family. Here is a photo and description of the types of raincoats in order to know how they look and not to be confused with false ones.

In another way, these mushrooms are called grandfather tobacco, dust, tobacco mushroom, devil's tavlinka, hare potato, hedgehogs ... further, depending on the preferences of local residents. Grow in our middle lane everywhere, regardless of soil. But there are preferences. The “rainy” name itself suggests that mushrooms love wet places and grow especially well after rains.

Raincoats (Lycoperdon), unusual in appearance, have outstanding medicinal qualities, exquisite taste, and exceptional chemical composition. They belong to the fourth category, although it is not clear to me why not to the first or second.

Now let's move on to a more detailed description.

All raincoats have peculiar fruiting bodies, not similar to the appearance of other mushrooms. Their bodies are, as it were, closed into an oval, pear-shaped, spherical, capitate shape with a cylindrical leg. I had an association with an egg in a shell or a "pig in a poke" (just kidding!).

Depending on the type, it has a different weight and dimensions.

  • Puffball pearl Lycoperdon perlatum, real or prickly, warty.

The cutest and cutest. Often found in coniferous and less often deciduous forests, on soil, rotten wood. He loves moisture, so he is found near swamps, but closer to the forest edge. The cap of the mushroom, without separation by anything, smoothly passes into a thick cylindrical leg. The height of the pearl is up to 15 cm, but this is rare. The diameter and height of the head is up to 4 cm. Basically, the dimensions are more modest, two or three times. Near our swamp, I found just large raincoats, only two, very dense and elastic. They usually grow in small groups. Growth time from early July to late September.

The entire body of the pearl raincoat is covered with a shell, on the outside of which there are spines or warts. When touched by hand, they easily crumble.

The shell and flesh (gleb) of a young mushroom is pure white, as are the thorns. (see photo):

With age, the color changes to olive, the fruiting body dries out, and the spore powder ripens in the head. The shell of the raincoat becomes decrepit, and a hole forms on the top of the hat; through it a huge number of disputes come out "free". The effect of such an exit is similar to brown smoke, hence the "tobacco" names of the fungus.


It grows especially on old clearings, at the bases of stumps and trunks of dead trees in any forests, in large groups, especially after heavy rains.

The fruit body is pear-shaped, ovoid, with a barely noticeable false leg below. Height up to 5 cm, maximum diameter - 5 cm. The shell is white or grayish, easy to clean, like the shell of a boiled egg. Like a pearl, but smaller, studded with spines. When the fungus matures, its surface becomes smooth and reticulated, as if it can crack as if it is overdried.

The process of spore formation is similar to that described above.

The size of the gleba (pulp) is up to half a meter in diameter, often flattened. Prefers deciduous forests, but settles more readily in abandoned pastures and fields. Therefore, probably, I have never met them in our conifers.

The shell is very thin, smooth; at first, like the flesh, white, then greenish-yellow.

It looks like a pear-shaped, but has a large number of larger needles, gray-brown. The leg is folded, almost invisible, the maximum size of the fungus is 6 cm in diameter.

The description of the raincoat would be incomplete if we omit an important quality - it is edible exactly as long as its flesh is white and elastic. It is easy to determine whether it is possible to eat it or is no longer worth it: the shell becomes slightly wrinkled, and the color is dirty. So, the process of dispute formation has begun.

In the photo, grandfather's tobacco pearl mushroom:

Once we traveled along the coast of our Woe-Sea. The provisions were running out, but a clearing with raincoats saved us. The upper shell is easy to peel, while the white flesh looks appetizing, it is pleasant to cut it. Mushrooms are nutritious, tasty, fragrant. We then fried a whole pan, adding russula to them.

  • Common false raincoat

In deciduous and coniferous forests, along roads and edges, from August to September, you can find a false raincoat. It is distinguished by a smooth or finely scaly shell of a dirty yellow-brown color. It is thick and dense, leathery. The flesh inside is dark purple with white streaks. There are no legs, and the diameter does not exceed 6 cm. It has the smell of raw potatoes. In food, it is practically used only to give the dish a specific smell.

The use of grandfather tobacco in treatment

For medicinal purposes, both immature mushrooms and their spore powder are used.

  • Wound healing disinfectant properties are used to treat wounds of various origins. for this purpose, you can only attach a slice of mushroom to the wound or sprinkle it with powder - tobacco. In this way, suppuration of even thrombophlebitis and cancerous ulcers is stopped.
  • Helps with diseases of the kidneys, liver, intestines.
  • Tuberculosis is being treated.
  • The antibiotic calvacin significantly slows down the growth of benign and malignant tumors.
  • Removes radionuclides, cleanses the liver.
  • Eliminates inflammation of the bladder.
  • Antipyretic for colds and sore throats.

Raincoats owe their healing properties to vitamins and antibiotics with high antitumor activity contained in them.

Application methods

  1. In the evening before going to bed, drink a teaspoon of tobacco powder with water. Course 2 months.
  2. Pour a tablespoon of spores into 300 ml of hot, but not boiling water. Wrap for 40 minutes, then drink half a glass twice a day before meals, in small sips.
  3. We fill half of the empty container with powder, topping up with vodka. Cork and insist in a dark coolness for 40 days. Traditional medicine advises to bury this bottle in the ground. Strain, drink a teaspoon at night with a sip of water.
  4. Cosmetic face masks are made from fresh gleba. They act rejuvenating, making the skin supple.

Raincoat mushrooms perform the most important “cleaner” function for the body. They absorb and remove heavy metals, radionuclides, as well as toxins formed after diseases of the liver, kidneys, and helminthiases.

Of course, they play the same role in nature, so the fungus must be collected from environmentally friendly areas.

Additionally about the types, medicinal properties, what is better to cook from rain mushrooms:

false raincoat

The body of the fungus is 3-5 (12) cm in diameter, and 3-6 cm high. The body has an ovoid, tuberous, spherical flattened shape, but the leg is completely absent. The flesh of the fungus is light, yellowish-white, but with age it darkens significantly.

It remains dense for a very long time until it breaks up when the fungus is fully ripe into an olive-brown spore powder and grayish-yellow sterile areas.  This mushroom grows from July to September - early October. The most favorable terrain for them is rotten wood in coniferous and deciduous forests, on the soil, in fields, young plantings, on the side of paths or roads, on forest edges, clearings.

False raincoats love pebbly and dry sandy soils. They can also often be found among rare grasses or in moss. They often grow in groups.

By the way, they can easily endure even the most protracted drought. In Russia, they are found mainly in the Far East, in the North Caucasus. By external signs, an inexperienced collector can confuse false puffballs with the same mushrooms with scaly or areolated peridium and spiny spores. Note that this mushroom is inedible.

Although it is slightly poisonous in large quantities, it can cause serious gastrointestinal upset. Allergy to spores in the form of rhinitis or conjunctivitis may occur. It is only allowed to add a small amount of mushrooms to food at a young age, because they resemble truffles in smell and taste.

Warty puffball (Scleroderma verrucosum)

Warty puffball (Scleroderma verrucosum) photo

It grows in coniferous and deciduous forests in August-October. Prefers ditches, roadsides. The fruiting body is spherical or irregularly rounded, 1.5-8 cm in diameter, up to 10 cm in height, from below passing into an elongated false stalk, which may be longer than the spore-bearing (rounded) part. The false leg is uneven, sometimes flattened, with depressions and folds. The outer shell is thin (less than 1 mm), the surface is warty.

The fruit body is yellowish-brown with small (usually small) dark scales or warts. The flesh of young fruiting bodies is white, while that of mature ones is dark brown, gray-olive. False raincoat warty - slightly poisonous mushroom causes mild stomach upset.

Stellar puffball (Scleroderma polyrhizum)

Stellar puffball (Scleroderma polyrhizum) photo

It grows in grass in deciduous forests, on clay and sandy soils, along ditches, along roadsides. It occurs rarely, singly or in groups, in August-October. Fruiting body 5-17 cm in diameter, tuberous, very dense, sometimes irregular in shape, immersed in the soil at a young age, prostrate at maturity, with a false stem. The skin is thick, 0.3-1 cm, in young mushrooms it is smooth, yellowish, with white fluff, in mature ones it is rough, with cracks and scales.

When ripe, it breaks into a star shape. The flesh is at first dense, whitish, then becomes dark gray, black or purplish-black with veins, then rusty-brown. Star raincoat poisonous.

Bulbous puffball (Scleroderma cepa)

Bulbous raincoat (Scleroderma cepa) photo

It grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, in bushes, ditches, along roadsides, singly or in groups, from August to October. The fruit body is tuberous, 1.5-6 cm in diameter. In mature mushrooms, it is flattened, cushion-shaped, turning into a false leg towards the base.

The outer shell (peridium) is scaly or fissured, yellowish, ocher-brown. The pulp is dense, white, with a mushroom smell. With age, it becomes black or purple-black with veins, then yellowish-brown. The taste is bitter, slightly pronounced.

Bulbous raincoat poisonous.

Common raincoat (lemon, lemon yellow) (Scleroderma citrinum)

Common raincoat (lemon, lemon yellow) (Scleroderma citrinum) photo

It grows in deciduous and coniferous forests, along roads, along edges, on clay and loamy soil in August-September. The fruit body is tuberous, up to 6 cm in diameter, with a smooth or finely scaly shell (peridium) of a dirty yellow or brownish color, up to 4 mm thick. The flesh (gleba) inside is purple-black with white streaks, with the smell of raw potatoes.

Later, the pulp becomes olive-brown, powdery. False raincoat lemon yellow inedible. Cm.

comparison table.

Common puffball (Sderoderma citrinum (Sderoderma aurantium))


Common false raincoatSderoderma citrinum (Sderoderma aurantium)

fruiting body

scales. The inner mass is at first light, fleshy and juicy, then it begins to darken from the middle, has light streaks, and finally becomes lilac-black or brown-olive, dry, with an unpleasant pungent odor. In adulthood, the fruiting body bursts at the top, spores come out through the hole.

season and place

It occurs in summer and autumn in forests on acidic soil.

Grade

The mushroom is POISONOUS!

Warty puffball

Puffball lemon

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Puffball mushroom edible or not

Lycoperdon pratense Pers, 1794

Meadow raincoat, also Vascellum field lat Lycoperdon pratense, or Vascellum pratense - a species of basidiomycete fungi, included in the genus Lycoperdon puffball of the Champignon family Agaricaceae In some classifications, Vascellum Vascellum is separated into a separate genus

  • 1 Description
  • 2 Ecology and range
  • 3 Synonyms
  • 4 Notes
  • 5 Literature

DescriptionEdit

The fruit body in young mushrooms is spherical in shape, then becomes more flattened - pear-shaped or yun-shaped, in adult mushrooms with a flattened top, reaches 1.2-3.55 cm in height and 1-4.56 cm in width Peridium two-layered, exoperidium covered with soft spines 1-1.5 mm long, white, brownish in old age, with cracks, disappearing with age; endoperidium thin, whitish, then yellow-brownish, shiny, smooth, cracking at the apex into a rounded or slit-like opening when spores are ejected. Leg rather well expressed, up to 1.2 cm long, noticeably wrinkled12

Pulp with a diaphragm separating the gleba and the stem, with a strong pleasant smell Gleba is white, orange in older mushrooms, olive-brown when the spores ripen. The septum is shiny, grayish-brown on the upper side2

Spores almost spherical in shape, 2.5-4.5 µm in diameter Capillicium poorly developed, present only near the endoperidium

Edible at least when young, suitable for eating in various forms, does not require pre-boiling

Related speciesEdit

It differs from other puffballs by the presence of a so-called diaphragm that separates the spore-bearing gleba from the sterile stem.

  • Lycoperdon curtisii Berk, 1859, distinguished by several times thicker paracapillium filaments
  • Lycoperdon subpratense Lloyd, 1905, characterized by the presence of a pronounced true capillium, as well as dark spines

Ecology and habitatEdit

Grows on soil in most grassland types, often in clearings in forests Prefers drier locations Often grows in association with Bovista plumbea1

Widespread species with an almost cosmopolitan range, absent from humid tropical regions1

SynonymsEdit

According to the classification of E Larsson and M Jeppson, based on molecular phylogenetic studies in 2008, Vascellum field is included in the subgenus Vascellum in the genus Lycoperdon4 According to the 10th edition of the Dictionary of Fungi, the genus Vascellum is included in the synonymy of Lycoperdon

  • Bovista queletii Schulzer De Toni, 1888
  • Calvatia depressa Bonord Z Moravec, 1954
  • Globaria queletii Schulzer, 1885
  • Lycoperdon caelatum Fr, 1829
  • Lycoperdon depressum Bonord, 1857
  • Lycoperdon gemmatum var pratense Pers JSchröt, 1889
  • Lycoperdon hyemale Bull, 1781
  • Lycoperdon kalchbrenneri De Toni, 1888
  • Lycoperdon natalense Cooke & Massee, 1887
  • Lycoperdon vitellinum Fr, 1817
  • Utraria pratensis Pers Quel, 1873
  • Vascellum depressum Bonord FŠmarda, 1958
  • Vascellum pratense Pers Kreisel, 1962

NotesEdit

  1. 1 2 3 4
  2. 1 2
  3. Ponce de Leon, P 1970 "Revision of the genus Vascellum" Fieldiana: Botany 32 3: 109-125
  4. Larsson, E; Jeppson, M 2008 Phylogenetic relationships among species and genera of Lycoperdaceae based on ITS and LSU sequence data from north European taxa Mycological Research 112 1:4-22 DOI:101016/jmycres200710018

LiteratureEdit

  • Shvartsman S R, Filimonova N M Flora of spore plants of Kazakhstan Gasteromycetes - Alma-Ata, 1970 - T VI - C 87-90 - 318 s
  • Pegler, D.N.; Læssøe, T; Spooner, B British puffballs, earthstars and stinkhorns - 1995 - P 118 - 255 p - ISBN 0-947643-81-8

Meadow raincoat Information about

Meadow raincoat
Meadow raincoat

Meadow raincoat Information Video

Meadow raincoat View topic.

Meadow raincoat what, Meadow raincoat who, Meadow raincoat explanation

There are excerpts from wikipedia on this article and video

This term has other meanings, see Raincoat.

Raincoat(lat. Lycoperdon) - rodmushrooms of the Champignon family; previously belonged to the rainfly family ( Lycoperdaceae).

Description

Fruiting bodies of a closed structure, rounded, pear-shaped, often with a well-defined false stem, small or medium in size.

Raincoat mushrooms: description of types and medicinal properties

The sterile tissue of the false leg is tightly fused with the upper part bearing the gleba. The exoperidium is covered with spiny outgrowths, which may fall off with age. After the spores mature, the fruiting body opens with a small opening at the top.

Grows in the forests of central Russia mainly at the end of summer. Spore powder from olive green to various shades of brown. L. perlatum usually grows on loose soil, while L. pyriforme grows on stumps and fallen trees.

Alternative titles

The raincoat has many popular names. Usually, the raincoat itself is called young dense mushrooms, which have not yet formed a powdery mass of spores (“dust”). Also called a bee sponge, a hare potato, and a ripened mushroom - a fluff, a pyrkhovka, a pulverizer, grandfather's tobacco, wolf tobacco, a tobacco mushroom, a devil's tavlinka, and so on. Raincoats and puffballs (with the exception of the ordinary false raincoat) are edible until they lose their whiteness.

Kinds

cooking

Many types of puffballs are edible, tasty mushrooms preferred for soup. Before cooking, it is recommended to clean the fruiting bodies, as the skin of the raincoat is tough.

Literature

  • Mushrooms: A Handbook / Per. from Italian. F. Dvin. - M.: "Astrel", AST, 2001. - S. 621-263. - 304 p. - ISBN 5-17-009961-4.
  • Grunert G. Mushrooms / trans. with him. - M.: "Astrel", "AST", 2001. - S. 252-255. - (Guide to nature). - ISBN 5-17-006175-7.
  • Lesso T. Mushrooms, determinant / per. from English. L. V. Garibova, S. N. Lekomtseva. - M.: "Astrel", "AST", 2003. - S. 260-261. - ISBN 5-17-020333-0.

Links

CC © wikiredia.ru

Mushroom puffball

Raincoats are at best bypassed. And even they trample, mistakenly taking for poisonous mushrooms and not knowing what a wonderful medicine is under their feet!

Puffball mushroom can be used in the treatment of many diseases. These mushrooms can be dried without losing their medicinal properties. The main thing is to boil them slightly before drying, because they can crumble into dust. For storage, you need to choose young mushrooms and cut them into thin translucent slices.

What heals?

And they treat with the help of this fungus eczema, anemia, indigestion, venous congestion and many more different ailments. It also helps in wound healing. According to an old recipe, a piece of a young mushroom is applied to the wound or sprinkled with dust - raincoat spores - and then they simply apply a bandage.

Raincoat tincture

To prepare a medicinal tincture, you need to fill a liter jar with mushrooms, then pour them with vodka and leave for 2 weeks in a dark place. It is recommended to drink this remedy for 1 tbsp. l. (diluted with water) 3 times a day before meals.
This tincture is excellent for diseases of the liver and stomach.

Mushrooms Raincoats

In addition, it is a good prevention of cancerous tumors.

Puffball mushroom against eczema

For skin ailments (eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), mix 100 ml of water and vodka each. Tightly fill a liter jar with young mushrooms and fill with vodka mixture. Leave in a dark place for two weeks, strain. Then add 10 drops each of tea tree oil and lavender oil. Rub this remedy on sore spots twice a day. According to the same recipe, only without the addition of essential oils, you can prepare a raincoat tincture.
Take it 1 tbsp. with water three times a day before meals for skin diseases, as well as to remove toxins from the body after suffering helminthiasis, hepatitis. The course is a week, a week later, if necessary, repeat.

Infusion of the pulp of the fungus is effective for laryngitis

2 tbsp raw materials pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, after 30 minutes strain, squeeze. Gargle two to three times daily after meals until improved.

Raincoat contraindications

You can not take a raincoat for pregnant and lactating mothers, as well as for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney failure. And the rest - a very useful and healing mushroom!

Raincoat this mushroom can be collected only when its flesh has not turned black, that is, you can take young raincoat mushrooms for food. You can say that raincoats are edible until they lose their whiteness. In the people, round mushrooms are most often called powder flasks, grandfather's or mouse's, tobacco. Some mushroom pickers know that puffballs are edible, but don't take them because they don't know how to cook them. This is done very simply: like any sweet mushrooms, they need to be washed, crumbled into a frying pan (a raincoat has a dense skin and before cooking, they can be peeled like potatoes - the taste will be much better) or into soup (for soup, raincoats are taken in a dry and not hot weather, because if the mushroom gets wet even in the rain, it will not taste the same.For the same reason, mushrooms for soup are not washed, but only wiped with a damp cloth).

Raincoats do not need to be pre-boiled or soaked, cook them in oil or sour cream. If you want to dry raincoats for future use for food and treatment, then they should be boiled a little before that, otherwise they will turn into dust. Raincoats are used as a hemostatic agent. It is also useful to have raincoats for internal bleeding.

Delicious and healthy puffball mushroom, description and use

The raincoat is also used to treat kidney diseases, laryngitis, urticaria, and inhibits the development of leukemia. It contains calvacin, which has an antibiotic effect.

In Russia, young beauties who wanted to shine with snow-white teeth bleached them with raincoats! They broke open a young mushroom and actively rubbed it into the enamel of the teeth. They say it helped.

Mushroom pickers are reluctant to collect raincoats because there are false raincoats in nature. Yes, there are some. In false puffballs, the flesh quickly turns black-olive or bluish-gray, but most importantly, it has a sharp, unpleasant odor in contrast to the pleasant mushroom in edible species.

For psoriasis: Collect the dry powder of brown puffball spores and sprinkle on weeping plaques. Store the powder in a dry, warm place in a closed glass jar.

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