Optimum coolant temperature for gas boilers. Norms of water temperature in heating apartments and houses, drawing up a schedule for heat supply. Ways to reduce heat loss

On the supply it is from 95 to 105 °С, and on the return - 70 °С. Optimal values in an individual heating system H2_2 Autonomous heating helps to avoid many problems that arise with a centralized network, and the optimum temperature of the heat carrier can be adjusted according to the season. In the case of individual heating, the concept of norms includes the heat transfer of a heating device per unit area of the room where this device is located. The thermal regime in this situation is provided design features heating appliances. It is important to ensure that the heat carrier in the network does not cool below 70 °C. 80 °C is considered optimal. With gas boiler it is easier to control heating, because manufacturers limit the possibility of heating the coolant to 90 ° C. Using sensors to adjust the gas supply, the heating of the coolant can be controlled.

Coolant temperature in different heating systems

It, in turn, depends on what minimum and maximum water temperatures in the heating system can be achieved during operation. Measuring the temperature of the heating battery For autonomous heat supply, the standards are quite applicable central heating. They are detailed in the resolution of the PRF No. 354. It is noteworthy that the minimum water temperature in the heating system is not indicated there.

It is only important to observe the degree of heating of the air in the room. Therefore, in principle, the temperature regime of operation of one system can be different from another. It all depends on the influencing factors that were mentioned above.

In order to determine what temperature should be in the heating pipes, you should read current regulations. In their content there is a division into residential and non-residential premises, as well as the dependence of the degree of air heating on the time of day:

In rooms in daytime.

Norms and optimal values of the coolant temperature

Info

Over time, the maximum water temperature in the heating system will lead to breakdown. Also, a violation of the water temperature schedule in the system autonomous heating provokes the formation air locks. This occurs due to the transition of the coolant from a liquid state to a gaseous state. Additionally, this affects the formation of corrosion on the surface of the metal components of the system.

Attention

That is why it is necessary to accurately calculate what temperature should be in the heat supply batteries, taking into account their material of manufacture. Most often, a violation of the thermal regime of operation is observed in solid fuel boilers. This is due to the problem of adjusting their power. When a critical temperature level in the heating pipes is reached, it is difficult to quickly reduce the boiler power.

Heating in a private house. there are doubts about the correctness of the system made.

For these reasons, sanitary standards prohibit more heating. To calculate the optimal indicators, special graphs and tables can be used, in which the norms are determined depending on the season:

With an average value outside the window of 0 °С, the supply for radiators with different wiring is set at a level of 40 to 45 °С, and the return temperature is from 35 to 38 °С;
At -20 °С, the supply is heated from 67 to 77 °С, while the return rate should be from 53 to 55 °С;
At -40 ° C outside the window for all heating devices set the maximum allowable values.

The temperature of the coolant in the heating system: calculation and regulation

According to regulatory documents, the temperature in residential buildings should not fall below 18 degrees, and for children's institutions and hospitals - this is 21 degrees of heat. But it should be borne in mind that, depending on the air temperature outside the building, the building through the enclosing structures may lose different size heat. Therefore, the temperature of the coolant in the heating system, based on external factors, varies from 30 to 90 degrees.

When water is heated above heating structure decomposition begins coatings what is forbidden sanitary standards. To determine what the temperature of the coolant in the batteries should be, specially designed temperature charts for specific groups of buildings. They reflect the dependence of the degree of heating of the coolant on the state of the outside air.

Water temperature in the heating system

In the corner room +20°C;
In the kitchen +18°C;
In the bathroom +25°C;
In corridors and flights of stairs +16°C;
In the elevator +5°C;
In the basement +4°C;
In the attic +4°C.

It should be noted that these temperature standards refer to the period of the heating season and do not apply to the rest of the time. Also, information will be useful that hot water should be from + 50 ° C to + 70 ° C, according to SNiP-u 2.08.01.89 "Residential buildings". There are several types of heating systems: Contents

1 With natural circulation
2 With forced circulation
3 Calculation of the optimum temperature heater
- 3.1 Cast iron radiators
- 3.2 Aluminum radiators
- 3.3 Steel radiators
- 3.4 Underfloor heating

With natural circulation, the coolant circulates without interruption.

Optimum water temperature in a gas boiler

Usually they put a lattice fence that does not interfere with air circulation. Cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic devices are common. Consumer choice: cast iron or aluminum Aesthetics cast iron radiators- a parable in the language.
They require periodic painting, as the rules stipulate that the working surface of the heater should have smooth surface and allows easy removal of dust and dirt. A dirty coating forms on the rough inner surface of the sections, which reduces the heat transfer of the device. But technical specifications cast iron products at height:

little susceptible to water corrosion, can be used for more than 45 years;
they have a high thermal power per 1 section, therefore they are compact;
they are inert in heat transfer, therefore they smooth out temperature fluctuations in the room well.

Another type of radiators is made of aluminum.
A single-pipe heating system can be vertical and horizontal. In both cases, air pockets appear in the system. On login supported heat to warm all rooms, so the pipe system must withstand high pressure water. Two-pipe system heating The principle of operation is to connect each heating device to the supply and return pipelines. The cooled coolant return pipeline heading towards the boiler. During installation, additional investments will be required, but there will be no air jams in the system. Regulations temperature regime for premises In a residential building, the temperature in corner rooms must not be below 20 degrees interior spaces the standard is 18 degrees, for showers - 25 degrees.

Standard temperature of the coolant in the heating system

Heating of the stairwell Since we are talking about apartment building, then it should be mentioned stairwells. The norms for the temperature of the coolant in the heating system read: degree measure on sites should not fall below 12 °C. Of course, the discipline of the tenants requires that the doors be closed tightly. entrance group, do not leave the transoms of stair windows open, keep the glass intact and promptly report any problems to the management company.

If the management company does not take timely measures to insulate the points of probable heat loss and maintain the temperature regime in the house, an application for recalculation of the cost of services will help. Changes in the design of heating Replacement of existing heating devices in the apartment is carried out with the obligatory coordination with the management company. Unauthorized change in the elements of warming radiation can disrupt the thermal and hydraulic balance of the structure.

Optimum coolant temperature in a private house

Composed this device shown in the photo, from the following elements:

computing and switching node;
operating mechanism on the hot coolant supply pipe;
an actuating unit designed to mix in the coolant coming from the return. In some cases, a three-way valve is installed;
booster pump in the supply section;
not always a booster pump in the "cold bypass" segment;
sensor on the coolant supply line;
valves and stop valves;
return sensor;
outdoor air temperature sensor;
several room temperature sensors.

Now it is necessary to understand how the temperature of the coolant is regulated and how the regulator functions.

The optimum temperature of the coolant in the heating system of a private house

If the water temperature in the heating system of a private house exceeds the norm, the following situations may occur:

Pipeline damage. In particular, this applies to polymer lines, in which the maximum heating can be + 85 ° C. That is why the normal value of the temperature of the heating pipes in an apartment is usually + 70 ° C.
Otherwise, deformation of the line may occur and a rush will occur;
Excess air heating. If the temperature of the heat supply radiators in the apartment provokes an increase in the degree of air heating above + 27 ° C - this is beyond the normal range;
Reduced service life of heating components. This applies to both radiators and pipes.

Disclaimer:
I must say right away that I am not an expert and I understand little about boilers. Therefore, everything that is written below can and should be treated with skepticism. Do not kick me, but I will be glad to hear alternative points of view. I was looking for information for myself on how to optimally use a gas boiler so that it lasts as long as possible and releases as little heat as possible into the pipe.
It all started with the fact that I did not know what temperature of the coolant to choose. There is a selection wheel, but there is no information on this topic. not in the instructions anywhere. It was really hard to find her. I made some notes for myself. I can't vouch that they are correct, but they might be useful to someone. This topic is not for the sake of a holivar, I do not urge you to buy this or that model, but I want to figure out how it works and what depends on what.
Essence:
1) The efficiency of any boiler is higher than colder water in the internal radiator. A cold radiator takes all the heat from the burner into itself, releasing air at a minimum temperature into the street.
2) The only loss in efficiency that I see is only exhaust gases. Everything else remains within the walls of the house (we are only considering the case when the boiler is in a room that needs heating. I no longer see why the efficiency can decrease.
3) Important. Do not confuse the efficiency plug that is written in the specifications (for example, from 88% to 90%) with what I am writing about. This fork does not refer to the temperature of the coolant, but only to the power of the boiler.
What does it mean? Many boilers can work with high efficiency even at a power of 40-50% of the nominal. For example, my boiler can work on 11 kW and 28 kW (this is regulated by the pressure in the gas burner). The manufacturer says that the efficiency at 11 kW will be 88%, and at 28 kW - 90%.
But what water temperature should be in the boiler radiator, the manufacturer does not indicate (or I did not find it). It is quite possible that when the radiator is heated to 88 degrees, the efficiency drops by 20 percent. I don't know. It is necessary to measure heat losses with outgoing gases. but I'm too lazy for that.
4) Why not set all boilers to the minimum temperature of the heat carrier? Because when the radiator is cold (and 30-50 degrees, it is already very cold, relative to the burner flame) - condensate forms on it from water and compounds that are mixed in the gas. It's like cold glass in a bathroom where water collects. Just not there pure water, and even any chemistry from gas. This condensate is very harmful to most of the materials from which the radiator inside the boiler is made (cast iron, copper).
5) Condensation in large quantities falls when the temperature of the radiator is colder than 58 degrees. This is a fairly constant value because the combustion temperature of the gas is approximately constant. And the amount of impurities and water in the gas is standardized by GOSTs.
Therefore, there is a rule that in ordinary boilers the return flow should be 60 degrees and above. Otherwise, the radiator will quickly fail. Boilers even have a special feature - when the burner is turned on, they turn off the circulation pump in order to quickly heat their radiator to the set temperature, reducing condensation on it.
4) Yes condensing boilers- their trick is that they are not afraid of condensate, on the contrary, they try to cool the combustion products to the maximum, which contributes to increased condensate precipitation (there is no miracle in such boilers, condensate in this case just a by-product of cooling the exhaust gases). Thus, they do not release excess heat into the pipe, using all the heat to the maximum. But even when using such boilers, if you need to heat the coolant a lot (if there are few batteries / warm floors in the house and you don’t have enough heat) - the hot radiator (at least 60 degrees) of this boiler can no longer take all the heat out of the air. And its efficiency drops to almost normal values. And almost no condensate is formed, flying out into the pipe along with kilowatts of heat.
5) Low temperature of the coolant (characteristic, which is given in the load to condensing boilers) is good for everyone - it does not destroy plastic pipes, it can be directly put into a warm floor, hot radiators do not raise dust, do not create wind in the room (air movement from hot batteries reduces comfort), it is impossible to get burned about them, they do not contribute to the decomposition of paints and varnishes next to radiators (less harmful substances). By the way, more than 85 degrees of the battery is generally forbidden to heat according to sanitary measures, precisely because of the reasons voiced above.
But the low temperature of the coolant has one minus. The efficiency of radiators (batteries in the house) is highly dependent on temperature. The lower the coolant temperature, the lower the efficiency of the radiators. But this does not mean that you will pay more for gas (this efficiency has nothing to do with gas). But this means that you will need to buy and install more radiators / underfloor heating so that they can give the same amount of heat to the house at a lower operating temperature.
If at 80 degrees you need one radiator in the room, then at 30 degrees you need three of them (I took these numbers out of my head).
6) In addition to condensing, there are boilers "low temperature". I have just one. They seem to be able to live at a water temperature of 40 degrees. Condensation also forms there, but it seems to be not as strong as in conventional boilers. There are some engineering solutions that reduce its intensity (double walls of the radiator inside the boiler or some other parsley, there is very little information about this). Perhaps this is stupid marketing and works only in words? I don't know.
For myself, I decided to set at least 50-55 degrees so that the return line was at least about 40(offhand, I don't have a thermometer). For me, this is a salvation, because my underfloor heating was not installed correctly (the house already had all the wiring when I bought it), and it would be completely wrong to heat them with water at 70 degrees. I would have to rebuild the collector, add another pump ... And 50-60 degrees for me is generally normal in warm floors, I have a thick screed, the floor is not hot. Whether this is bad or not bad, I don’t know, but it already exists and nothing can be done about it. Although, I suspect that the efficiency still suffers a little from this, and the screed does not become stronger from wild drops. But what to do.
The question, of course, is how all this will affect the efficiency and radiator of the boiler. But I have no information on this topic.
7) For conventional boiler, apparently, it is optimal to heat the water to 80-85 degrees. Apparently, if 80 is the supply, then the return will be about 60 on average in the hospital. Someone even says that this way the efficiency is higher, but I do not see any reasonable reason why the efficiency can increase with the temperature of the coolant. It seems to me that the efficiency of the boiler should fall with an increase in the temperature of the coolant (remember the gases that leave the house into the pipe).
8) I already wrote why hot coolant is not welcome. And once again I will emphasize one opinion that I saw on the Internet. They say for plastic pipes The maximum reasonable temperature is 75 degrees. I am sure that the pipes will withstand 100 degrees, but high temperatures seem to lead to increased wear. I have no idea what is "wearing out" there, maybe it's a fake. But I'm still not a supporter of running boiling water through pipes. All reasons are listed above.
9) From all this follows the opinion (not mine) that weather-dependent automation is almost never needed, because it regulates the temperature of the coolant is not optimal for the long-term use of the boiler (or killing its efficiency). That is, if the boiler is condensing, then it is better to heat up to one temperature, and increase it only if it is very cold in the house. It depends primarily on the house, insulation and the number of radiators (and last but not least on the temperature outside). And it’s still better to heat an ordinary boiler to 70 degrees, otherwise it’s a khan. Accordingly, low-temperature somewhere in the region of 50-55 on average. Manual control steers? Twice during the winter, you can manually increase the temperature if you feel that the radiators are no longer giving enough heat to the house.
In general, it is a pity that there is no plate from the manufacturer with the ideal calculated coolant for each boiler. In order to sharpen all CO under this temperature.
Once again - I’m finally a teapot and I don’t pretend to be anything, I understood the topic for only a few hours. But I know for sure that there is very little information on this topic and I will be glad if this thread serves as a starting point for discussion, even if I am wrong on all counts.

Gas equipment is ubiquitous in apartments and country houses. You independently regulate the equipment, setting a comfortable temperature in the room. So you are not dependent on utilities, you can save fuel as you see fit. But in order for the operation to be really economical, it is important correct setting gas boiler.

Why do you need the correct adjustment of equipment:

To save resources.
To make it comfortable to be in the room, use hot water.
To extend the life of the equipment.

Need to start with right choice boiler, its power. Consider the features of the room: the number and area of windows, doors, the quality of insulation, wall materials. The minimum calculation is based on heat losses per unit of time. You will learn more about this in the article "".

gas boilers divided into single and double. The latter perform heating to the heating circuit and hot water supply (DHW). Single-circuit units provide only heating. Therefore, to get hot water install indirect heating boilers.

According to the type of placement, the equipment is floor and wall. Placed on the floor, the units have more power. Therefore, they are used for large areas (from 300 m²). Installation is carried out only in separate rooms (boiler rooms). This is Baxi models(""), Buderus (""), "", "".

Mounted appliances (“Lux”, “”, “”, ) fit perfectly into small apartments in the kitchen. Therefore, it is important to take into account all the nuances of the location. From correct selection parameters depends on the comfort of the residents, as well as the durability of the boiler.

Power setting

Heating power depends on modulation gas burner. If you have chosen an electronically controlled device, then it includes a thermostat that is connected to a room thermometer. Adjustment occurs automatically: the thermometer measures the temperature in the room. As soon as it falls below comfortable, he gives a command to start the burner or increase the strength of the flame.

In normal mode, the thermometer controls the temperature in only one room. But if you install valves in front of each radiator, control will be in all rooms.

You can adjust the burner manually by operating the gas valve. This is true for atmospheric boilers with open cam combustion. Yes, in Protherm models"Cheetah", "Proterm Medved" the valve is regulated by an electric motor. To change settings, you need to go to service menu. Most often, this is done by a specialist, and the user performs the actions indicated in the instructions.

But still, we will tell you how to call the hidden menu for adjustment.

Before entering the menu and setting up, do this:

Open the taps on the batteries.
On the room thermostat set the maximum values.
In the user settings, set the maximum temperature that you use in severe frosts. The burner always turns off when the reading reaches 5°C above the set value. For example, at +75 degrees, a shutdown will occur when it reaches 80 degrees.
Cool the coolant to 30°C.

For Protherm Gepard:

Hold down the Mode key on the panel. As soon as "0" appears on the display, set the value to 35 by pressing "+" and "-".
Press Mode to confirm.
As soon as d. 0, enter the line number in the menu. Do this with "+" and "-" d.(number). To set the maximum burner power, choose d.53, the minimum - d.52.
Use Mode to navigate to parameter selection. Change it "+" "-".
The installation receives an automatic confirmation.
Return to the original menu - hold Mode.

During regulation, use the panel to monitor the change in flame and temperature rise.

For "Proterm Panther" actions are different:

Press Mode for about 7 seconds.
Using keys 2 (look at the picture above), enter code 35.
Confirm your entry.
As soon as d.00 appears on the left side of the screen, use the 2 buttons to enter the number.

You can change the parameter on the right side of the screen using the 3 keys.
After confirmation, press mode to exit the menu.

For Electrolux Quantum models:

Unplug the appliance from the mains for a few seconds.
After turning on the regulator, hold the red button for 15 seconds.
As soon as P01 lights up on the display, press the red key until P07 appears.

If the number 1 flashes after P07, then 38°C - 85°C is maintained. If it glows 4 - 60°С–85°С, 7 - 38°С–60°С.
Use the "+" "-" knob to adjust the desired value.
Switch off the boiler for a few seconds. Now it will automatically support the specified parameters.

How to program technology Viessmann ("Wiesman"), look at the video:

For Eurosit 630:

All the steps above are used to set the appliance in heating mode. Many users are faced with a problem when in DHW mode from a tap water is coming unstable temperature. To fix this, use our recommendations.

Hot water temperature changes

To regulate the water supply to comfortable levels, it is necessary to reduce the burner power.

Open the mixer to switch the boiler to DHW mode.
Set the temperature to 55°C.
Go to the service menu as described above (for "Proterm").
Select parameter d.53.
Click Mode.
After that, the maximum power will appear in the line. Let's take 17 as an example.

If you experiment and immediately select the minimum value - 90, then the temperature of the water from the tap will not be comfortable. We set 80 and we get an increase in the degree of water. Raise the values little by little until you are satisfied with the DHW supply. In our case, the water reached +50 degrees, and the setting was 80. This is despite the fact that the factory was - 17. This is such a difference.

SIT valve adjustment

The automation of some units provides for the presence of a gas valve of the SIT type. It is found in the models Vaillant ("Vailant") and "Proterm". Adjustment is carried out by turning the bolts on the valve. To change the power, you need to change the pressure. Values of 1.3–2.5 kPa are considered normal.

To reduce pressure, turn the bolts counterclockwise. To reduce the pressure in DHW mode, you need to rotate the adjustment nut. More details are shown in the video:

bypass valve

If the batteries in the room warm up unevenly, increase the coolant circulation rate. To do this, turn the bypass screw clockwise.

If, on the contrary, the liquid makes noise in the batteries when the heating is turned on, then reduce the coolant speed by turning the screw in the opposite direction. Use a pressure gauge or a digital differential pressure gauge to set up and measure. He will indicate the nominal pressure, which should not exceed 0.2–0.4 bar.

Launch problems

During launch and operation gas equipment Bosch, Ariston, Ferroli, Oasis may have problems.

Boiler clocking

With the wrong choice of equipment power, excessive cyclicity occurs. This means that the burner of the device often turns on and off, and the radiators do not have time to warm up. Firstly, it leads to rapid wear of units and parts of equipment. Secondly, it is used a large number of fuel.

To eliminate the phenomenon and reduce the cyclicity, two methods are used:

Lower the burner flame.
Increase the heating power by including additional radiators in the circuit.

How to complete the first paragraph, we described above. Sometimes you have to mount additional batteries, although this is a rather expensive method.

Igniter not working

If ignition attempts at Immergaz, Korea Star were unsuccessful, inspect the igniter. He could get dirty. The problem is fixed by cleaning the part. You can wipe it with a dry cloth or use a solvent.

Examine the combustion block. Soot often accumulates there. Soot is removed by lightly tapping on the gas supply pipe to the burner.

The igniter worked, but there is still no ignition. Diagnosis required:

thermocouples;
supply valve;
thermostat;
solenoid valve.

No DHW heating

When the mixer is opened, water is supplied with a small pressure, the flow is cold. Inspect the heat exchanger for clogging caused by scale deposits. Clean the tubes with reagents. Use a pump to pump. Rinse the knot after the procedure running water. To make the temperature readings comfortable, install cleaning filters. They reduce the likelihood of scale formation.

The efficiency of the heating system depends on many factors. These include the rated power, the degree of heat transfer of radiators and the temperature regime of operation. For the latter indicator, it is important to choose the right degree of heating of the coolant. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal temperature in the heating system for water, radiators and the boiler.

What determines the temperature of the water in the heating

For correct operation heat supply requires a graph of the temperature of the water in the heating system. According to it, the optimal degree of heating of the coolant is determined depending on the influence of certain external factors. It can be used to determine what water temperature in the heating batteries should be in a certain period of time the system is running.

It is a common misconception that the higher the degree of heating of the coolant, the better. However, this increases fuel consumption, increasing operating costs.

Often, the low temperature of the radiators is not a violation of the norms for heating the room. A low-temperature heat supply system was simply designed. That is why the exact calculation of water heating should be given Special attention.

The optimum water temperature in the heating pipes largely depends on external factors. To determine it, the following parameters must be taken into account:

Heat loss at home. They are decisive for the calculation of any type of heat supply. Their calculation will be the first stage in the design of heat supply;
Boiler characteristics. If the operation of this component does not meet the design requirements, the water temperature in the heating system of a private house will not rise to the desired level;
Material for the manufacture of pipes and radiators. In the first case, it is necessary to use pipes with a minimum thermal conductivity. This will reduce heat losses in the system during the transportation of the coolant from the boiler heat exchanger to the radiators. For batteries, the opposite is important - high thermal conductivity. Therefore, the water temperature in central heating radiators made of cast iron should be slightly higher than that of aluminum or bimetallic structures.

Is it possible to independently determine what temperature should be in the radiators? It depends on the characteristics of the system components. To do this, you should familiarize yourself with the properties of the batteries, the boiler and the heat supply pipes.

In a centralized heating system, the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is not an important indicator. It is important that the norms for heating the air in living rooms.

Heating standards in apartments and houses

In fact, the degree of water heating in pipes and heat supply radiators is a subjective indicator. It is much more important to know the heat dissipation of the system. It, in turn, depends on what minimum and maximum water temperatures in the heating system can be achieved during operation.

For autonomous heat supply, the norms of central heating are quite applicable. They are detailed in the resolution of the PRF No. 354. It is noteworthy that the minimum water temperature in the heating system is not indicated there.

In order to determine what temperature should be in the heating pipes, you should familiarize yourself with the current standards. In their content there is a division into residential and non-residential premises, as well as the dependence of the degree of air heating on the time of day:

In rooms during the daytime. In this case, the standard heating temperature in the apartment should be +18°C for rooms in the middle of the house and +20°C in the corners;
In living rooms at night. Some reduction is allowed. But at the same time, the temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment should provide, respectively, + 15 ° С and + 17 ° С.

Responsible for compliance with these standards Management Company. In case of their violation, you can request a recalculation of payment for heating services. For autonomous heat supply, a table of temperatures for heating is made, where the values \u200b\u200bof the heating of the coolant and the degree of load on the system are entered. At the same time, no one bears responsibility for violation of this schedule. This will affect the comfort of staying in a private house.

For centralized heating, it is mandatory to maintain the required level of air heating at landings and non-residential premises. The temperature of the water in the radiators must be such that the air is heated to minimum value+12°С.

Calculation of the temperature regime of heating

When calculating the heat supply, the properties of all components must be taken into account. This is especially true for radiators. What is the optimal temperature in the radiators - + 70 ° C or + 95 ° C? It all depends on the thermal calculation, which is performed at the design stage.

First you need to determine the heat loss in the building. Based on the data obtained, a boiler with the appropriate power is selected. Then comes the most difficult design stage - determining the parameters of heat supply batteries.

They must have a certain level of heat transfer, which will affect the temperature curve of the water in the heating system. Manufacturers indicate this parameter, but only for a certain mode of operation of the system.

If you need to spend 2 kW of thermal energy to maintain a comfortable level of air heating in a room, then the radiators must have no less heat transfer.

To determine this, you need to know the following quantities:

Permissible maximum water temperature in the heating system -t1. It depends on the power of the boiler, temperature limit impact on pipes (especially polymer);
Optimal the temperature that should be in the heating return pipes - t This is determined by the type of wiring of the mains (one-pipe or two-pipe) and the total length of the system;
Required degree of air heating in the room -t.

Tnap=(t1-t2)*((t1-t2)/2-t3)

Q=k*F*Tnap

Where k- heat transfer coefficient of the heating device. This parameter must be specified in the passport; F- radiator area; Tnap- thermal pressure.

By varying various indicators of the maximum and minimum water temperatures in the heating system, it is possible to determine optimal mode system operation. It is important to correctly initially calculate the required power of the heater. Most often, the indicator of low temperature in heating batteries is associated with heating design errors. Experts recommend adding a small margin to the obtained value of the radiator power - about 5%. This will be needed in case of a critical decrease in the temperature outside in the winter.

Most manufacturers indicate the heat output of radiators according to the accepted standards EN 442 for mode 75/65/20. This corresponds to the norm of the heating temperature in the apartment.

Water temperature in the boiler and heating pipes

After performing the above calculation, it is necessary to adapt the heating temperature table for the boiler and pipes. During operation of the heat supply, there should not be any emergencies, common cause which is a violation of the temperature graph.

The normal indicator of water temperature in central heating batteries can be up to + 90 ° С. This is strictly monitored at the stage of preparation of the coolant, its transportation and distribution to residential apartments.

The situation with autonomous heat supply is much more complicated. In this case, control completely depends on the owner of the house. It is important to ensure that there is no excess of water temperature in the heating pipes that goes beyond the schedule. This may affect the security of the system.

If the water temperature in the heating system of a private house exceeds the norm, the following situations may occur:

Pipeline damage. In particular, this applies to polymer lines, in which the maximum heating can be + 85 ° C. That is why the normal value of the temperature of the heating pipes in an apartment is usually + 70 ° C. Otherwise, deformation of the line may occur and a rush will occur;
Air heating excess. If the temperature of the heat supply radiators in the apartment provokes an increase in the degree of air heating above + 27 ° C - this is beyond the normal range;
Reduced service life of heating components. This applies to both radiators and pipes. Over time, the maximum temperature of the water in the heating system will lead to breakdown.

Also, a violation of the water temperature schedule in the autonomous heating system provokes the formation of air locks. This occurs due to the transition of the coolant from a liquid state to a gaseous state. Additionally, this affects the formation of corrosion on the surface of the metal components of the system. That is why it is necessary to accurately calculate what temperature should be in the heat supply batteries, taking into account their material of manufacture.

Most often, a violation of the thermal regime of operation is observed in solid fuel boilers. This is due to the problem of adjusting their power. When a critical temperature level in the heating pipes is reached, it is difficult to quickly reduce the boiler power.

The influence of temperature on the properties of the coolant

In addition to the above factors, the temperature of the water in the heat supply pipes affects its properties. This is the principle of operation of gravitational heating systems. With an increase in the level of heating of water, it expands and circulation occurs.

However, in the case of using antifreezes, the excess temperature in the radiators can lead to other results. Therefore, for heat supply with a coolant other than water, you must first find out the permissible indicators of its heating. This does not apply to the temperature of district heating radiators in the apartment, since antifreeze-based fluids are not used in such systems.

Antifreeze is used if there is a possibility of low temperature affecting the radiators. Unlike water, it does not begin to change from a liquid to a crystalline state when it reaches 0°C. However, if the work of heat supply is outside the norms of the temperature table for heating in big side- The following events may occur:

Foaming. This entails an increase in the volume of the coolant and, as a consequence, an increase in pressure. The reverse process will not be observed when the antifreeze cools;
Formation limescale . The composition of antifreeze includes a certain amount of mineral components. If the norm of the heating temperature in the apartment is violated in a big way, their precipitation begins. Over time, this will lead to clogging of pipes and radiators;
Increasing the density index. There may be malfunctions circulation pump, if its rated power has not been designed for such situations.

Therefore, it is much easier to monitor the temperature of the water in the heating system of a private house than to control the degree of heating of antifreeze. In addition, ethylene glycol-based compounds emit a gas harmful to humans during evaporation. Currently, they are practically not used as a coolant in autonomous systems heat supply.

Before pouring antifreeze into the heating, all rubber gaskets should be replaced with paranitic ones. This is due to the increased permeability of this type of coolant.

Ways to normalize the temperature regime of heating

The minimum value of the water temperature in the heating system is not the main threat to its operation. This, of course, affects the microclimate in residential premises, but in no way affects the functioning of heat supply. In case of excess of norm of heating of water there can be emergencies.

When drawing up a heating scheme, it is necessary to provide for a number of measures aimed at eliminating a critical increase in water temperature. First of all, this will lead to an increase in pressure and an increase in the load on the inner surface of pipes and radiators.

If this phenomenon is one-time and short-lived, the heat supply components may not be affected. However, such situations arise under the constant influence of certain factors. Most often, this is the incorrect operation of a solid fuel boiler.

Installing a security group. It consists of an air vent, a bleed valve and a pressure gauge. If the water temperature reaches a critical level, these components will remove excess coolant, thereby ensuring the normal circulation of the liquid for its natural cooling;
mixing unit. It connects the return and supply pipes. Additionally, a two-way valve with a servo drive is installed. The latter is connected to a temperature sensor. If the value of the degree of heating exceeds the norm, the valve will open and the flows of hot and cooled water will mix;
Electronic heating control unit. It records the temperature of the water in various parts of the system. In case of violation of the thermal regime, he will give the appropriate command to the boiler processor to reduce power.

These measures will help prevent incorrect operation of the heating for another initial stage the occurrence of a problem. The most difficult to regulate the level of water temperature in systems with solid fuel boiler. Therefore, for them, special attention should be paid to the choice of parameters of the safety group and the mixing unit.

The effect of water temperature on its circulation in heating is described in detail in the video: