System normative documents in construction

SET OF RULES
FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

TECHNICAL RULES OF PRODUCTION
EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS WITH
THIN PLASTER ON INSULATION

SP 12-101-98

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ON HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION POLICY

(GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA)

Moscow
1998

FOREWORD

1 DEVELOPED by Joint Stock Company open type"Pilot Plant of Dry Mixes" and the Office of the Construction Industry and building materials Gosstroy of Russia with the participation of the Department of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia

INTRODUCED by the Department of the construction industry and building materials of the Gosstroy of Russia

2 APPROVED by the Open Joint-Stock Company "Pilot Plant of Dry Mixes" (Order No. 57 dated 01.03.98)

3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Letter No. BE-19-8/14 dated March 19, 1998 from the Gosstroy of Russia dated May 1, 1998.

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Introduction. 2

1 area of use. 2

3. General provisions. 3

4. Organization and technology of work performance. 3

Foundation preparation. 3

Heater sticker. four

The device of the reinforced bottom layer of plaster. 5

Mechanical fastening of a heater. 6

Finishing coating. 7

Features of processing openings, corners and other junctions. eight

5. Process control and quality control.. 9

6. General instructions on the procedure for developing design budget documentation and production project. eleven

7. Material and technical resources.. 12

8. Technical and economic indicators. 16

9. Care of the external thermal insulation of buildings. 17

10. Possible cases violations of the quality of work, their consequences and ways to eliminate them. eighteen

Appendix a Technological schemes for the production of works and controlled parameters of individual elements of the coating. 19

Appendix b Scaffolding. thirty

INTRODUCTION

Technical rules production external thermal insulation buildings with thin plaster for insulation were developed in accordance with the System of Regulatory Documents in Construction (SNiP 10-01-94) and are advisory in nature. During their development, modern achievements of science, engineering and technology, domestic and foreign experience were used.

Given the novelty of this method of production of work, the Code of Rules establishes General requirements to the elements of external thermal insulation of buildings and technological processes for the production of work on its device.

Appendix A gives the most common technological schemes for the production of works and controlled parameters of the elements of this coating.

At the same time, it provides for the independence of enterprises and organizations in the choice of methods, design schemes and the level of thermal protection of the building, which should be decided at the stage of developing design estimates and approving it in the prescribed manner.

SP 12-101-98

CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

TECHNICAL RULES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS WITH THIN PLASTER ON INSULATION

TECHNICAL RULES FOR PRODUCTION OF EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS WITH THIN PLASTER APPLIED ON INSULATION

Introduction date 1998-05-01

1 AREA OF USE

These Technical Rules for the installation of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are intended to increase the thermal protection of external building envelopes of residential and public buildings and structures made of concrete, brick and natural stone in order to bring them into compliance with the requirements of SNiP II-3-79 * "Construction Heat Engineering" (with amendment No. No. 4, approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated January 19, 1998 No. 18-8).

SNiP II-3-79* "Construction heat engineering" (ed. 1998)

SNiP 11-01-95 "Instruction on the procedure for the development, approval, approval and composition of project documentation for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures"

SNiP 3.01.01-85* "Organization construction industry»

GOST 27320-87 “Expansion dowel bushings for construction. Design"

GOST 28456-90 “Expansion dowels for construction and installation. General technical conditions»

GOST 26998-86 “Polyamide dowels for construction. Specifications»

GOST 1144-80 “Screws with a semicircular head. Construction and dimensions»

GOST 10450-78 “Reduced washers. Accuracy classes A and C. Specifications"

GOST 16962-71 “Electronic and Electrical Products. Mechanical and climatic influences. Requirements and test methods»

GOST 15588-86 “Polystyrene foam plates. Specifications»

GOST 9573-96 “Heat-insulating slabs of mineral wool on a synthetic binder. Specifications»

GOST 27321-87 “Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications".

3. GENERAL PROVISIONS

3.1. These Rules establish general provisions for the production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster for insulation and organizational and technological solutions that must be observed in the design, implementation and acceptance of this type of work.

3.2. External thermal insulation is a structural element of the building and is a multilayer structure consisting of a slab insulation fixed to the wall surface with a highly adhesive adhesive and (or) mechanical fastening, a reinforced bottom layer of plaster and a decorative and protective coating.

3.3. Since the external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation is considered unconventional, the main structural elements of this system should be made only from certified materials provided for by the project. Replacement structural materials without agreement with the design organization and the customer does not guarantee the quality of work performed in accordance with these Rules.

3.4. The estimated service life of the thermal insulation coating is determined by the design organization and should be at least 20 years.

3.5. These Rules may also be used in the preparation of training manuals in the vocational training system.

4. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

4.1. The production of external thermal insulation should only be started after the inspection and collection of information about the building, testing the wall surface for adhesion of the adhesive, developing design estimates and issuing an appropriate work permit signed by the customer and the organization performing thermal insulation work.

4.2. The device of each subsequent element of the heat-insulating layer should be carried out after checking the quality of the performance of the corresponding underlying element and drawing up an inspection certificate for hidden work.

SUBSTRATE PREPARATION

4.3. Preparation of the base for the insulation sticker consists of the following technological operations:

the surface of the wall that does not have decorative coatings must be thoroughly washed with water using aggregates high pressure and dried. If there are oil stains or other types of contamination, these places should be cleaned or treated with special compounds to neutralize them;

old plaster should be checked by tapping over the entire surface, knocked down in places where voids are found and restored;

irregularities and differences of more than 1 cm must be eliminated, and cracks filled;

paint coatings (enamel, lacquer, plastic) should be examined for compatibility with the adhesive composition of the insulation. If these formulations are incompatible, or if the chemical composition of the old paints is unknown, the paint coating must be completely removed. The following cleaning methods are recommended for this:

dry sandblasting;

wet sandblasting;

mechanical cleaning;

thermal removal (annealing);

chemical wash.

The base surface must be primed special composition specified in the project, without gaps and gaps. When priming the wall surface in the places of leveling screeds, it should be done after the mortar has hardened and the leveling layer has dried.

The primer should have a strong adhesion to the base, no traces of binder should remain on the tampon applied to it.

When preparing the base surface, the requirements of Table 1 must be observed.

Table 1

Technical requirements	Limit deviation
Permissible deviations of the base surface (when checking with a two-meter rail)		Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 100 m2 of surface
The number of irregularities (smooth outline) on a length of 2 m	No more than two
The permissible humidity of the bases before applying the primer should not exceed:		Measuring, at least 2 measurements for every 100 m2 of surface, registration
concrete, brick
cement-sand

INSULATION STICKER

4.4. For external thermal insulation of the building, slab insulation of varying degrees of rigidity and fire resistance, provided for by the project, should be used (see section 7).

Before sticking the insulation, you must make sure that there is a certificate and that its physical and mechanical properties comply with the accepted design solution.

Identified flaws in the slab insulation (bending, deformation, incorrect dimensions, damage) must be eliminated.

4.5. The adhesive composition is applied, as a rule, on the insulation board in one of the following ways (Figure A1):

beacon- it is used in cases where the wall surface has irregularities up to 1 cm.

stripe - it is used in cases where the wall surface has irregularities up to 0.5 cm. The adhesive composition is applied to the plate in the form of strips around the perimeter (2 cm from the edge), and then in the middle. The strips along the perimeter must have gaps so that air “plugs” do not form when the plate is glued.

These two methods make it possible to compensate for irregularities in the base surface. In this case, the adhesive must cover at least 70% of the surface of the insulation;

solid- used when the surface of the base has no deviations. The adhesive is applied to the entire surface of the slab (solid sticker) and leveled with a spatula with teeth 6 - 8 mm long.

4.6. To ensure high quality bonding of insulation and maintain its thermal properties, the following conditions must be observed:

after applying glue to the insulation board, it must be removed from the edges of the board to a width of 1 - 2 cm in order to avoid its penetration into the joints when sticking;

immediately after applying the adhesive, the board should be glued to the surface. To ensure a snug fit of the slab to the base, it must first be applied to the wall surface at a distance of 2 - 3 cm from the design position, and then pressed with a wooden trowel with an offset to the design position;

when gluing insulation boards, it is necessary to ensure “ligation” of joints (by type brickwork);

do not allow the width of the gap at the joints between the plates to be more than 2 mm, and fill the wider gaps with specially cut strips from the material of the same insulation. Filling open joints with plaster or glue is not allowed (Figure A2);

the deviation between the plates in thickness should not exceed 3 mm;

at the junction of the insulation with the existing building structures, leave an open joint about 15 mm wide, which must be filled with waterproof mastic.

DEVICE OF REINFORCED LOWER LAYER OF PLASTER

4.7. The device of the reinforced lower layer of plaster is started after the adhesive composition, which fixes the position of the insulation, has hardened and its strong adhesion to the base has been achieved, but not earlier than 24 hours after gluing.

4.8. The reinforced lower layer of plaster is carried out according to the project in the following sequence:

break the surface of the wall into grips;

rolls of fiberglass mesh before gluing should be marked and cut to fit the size of the grip, ensuring compliance with the size of their overlap when gluing;

apply an even and smooth layer of plaster composition on the insulation over the area of the grip;

immediately after applying the first layer of plaster, put a sheet of reinforcing mesh on the surface and drown it in the mortar with a wooden grater, avoiding wrinkles;

make a technological break lasting 10 - 24 hours (specified by the project), after which mechanically fasten the insulation to the wall surface. To do this, it is necessary to pre-drill holes in the wall through the insulation, insert anchor devices into them and fix the insulation plate using screws with a wide head (see 4.9 - 4.13);

apply a second layer of plaster composition in the same way as the first. When applying the second layer of plaster, make sure that the caps (heads) of the dowels are hidden.

Note - Mechanical fastening of insulation boards can be carried out before laying the reinforcing mesh. In this case, the technological break is not arranged.

Additional measures:

the reinforcing mesh should be applied vertically, provided that the meshes overlap by a width of 100 mm;

it is not allowed to chop off the reinforcing mesh at the corners and at the junction with a spatula;

Strictly adhere to the norms for the consumption of materials established by the project.

When installing a reinforced bottom layer of plaster, the requirements of Table 2 must be observed.

table 2

Technical requirements	Limit deviation	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
Plaster layer thickness, mm:		Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 100 m 2
first - 3.5
second - 4		surfaces. Observation map
The width of the overlap of the panels of the reinforcing mesh - 100 mm
Permissible deviations of the surface of the plaster layer (when checking with a two-meter rail):
horizontally
vertically

MECHANICAL FASTENING OF THE INSULATION

4.9. Mechanical fastening of insulation boards to the wall surface must be carried out in accordance with the project by one of the following methods (depending on the technological sequence); fastening is carried out before laying the reinforcing mesh: fastening is carried out after laying the reinforcing mesh. It is recommended to carry out work on the mechanical fastening of the heat-insulating layer in three ways.

4.10.First way- fastening with the help of dowels-spacer bushings for construction in accordance with GOST 27320 and GOST 28456.

The diameter of the dowel-sleeve and the depth of the hole where the dowel is inserted are determined by calculation at the stage of development of design estimates.

The installation of the dowel-sleeve should be carried out in the following sequence:

1. Marking holes for dowels-sleeves.

2. Drilling holes in the base using a rotary percussion power tool or diamond drill bits with a dust suction rotor.

3. Cleaning the hole from drilling dust by blowing with compressed air (if the hole is drilled without dust extraction).

4. Driving the sleeve into the hole using a special nozzle. The end face of the sleeve after driving should not protrude above the surface of the base.

5. Driving the conical element into the bushing hole using a special nozzle specified in paragraph 4. The length of the special nozzle should be selected taking into account the thickness of the insulation plate. The end of the driving process of the element must correspond to the moment of contact between the end ledge of the nozzle and the end of the bushing.

6. Screwing into the dowel-sleeve of a special bolt with a wide round head (plate) with a slot.

7. The length of the bolt shaft should be determined taking into account the thickness of the insulation board to be fixed.

8. The length of the screwing section of the thread of the bushing and the bolt must be at least 1.5 - 2.0 of the nominal thread diameter.

9. Screw the head of the bolt to the stop, ensuring a snug fit of the head to the insulation. Operations for installing the dowel-sleeve and fixing the slab insulation with reinforced plaster should be carried out according to figure A5.

4.11.Second way- fastening with a polyamide dowel for construction in accordance with GOST 26998.

The type, parameters, design and dimensions of the polyamide dowel are determined by calculation and specified (if necessary) after trial testing. The delivery set of dowels should include screws and washers in accordance with GOST 1144 and GOST 10450.

The pull-out force of the dowel should be checked using a dynamometer, which makes it possible to ensure and measure this force applied along the dowel axis, with a division value of not more than 50 N.

In addition to the pull-out force test, polyamide dowels should be tested for heat and cold resistance in accordance with GOST 16962.

The installation of a polyamide dowel for construction and fixing the slab insulation with screws should be carried out in the sequence shown in Figure A6.

4.12.Third way- fastening with the help of special plastic dowels of the "dish" type with a metal rod. This method is most effective when fixing insulation boards before laying the reinforcing mesh.

For this method of fastening, dowels of the German company EIOT, approved for use in the prescribed manner, can be used. When mechanically fastening the insulation boards with the help of special plastic plate-type dowels, the requirements of Table 3 must be observed.

Table 3

Technical requirements	Limit deviation	Control (method, scope, type of registration)
The method of drilling holes in the base of the slab, depending on the wall material:		Technical inspection. Observation map
concrete - shock-rotational
brick - shock-rotational, rotational
hollow blocks and bricks - rotational only
Deviations of the hole drilling diameter from the design		Measuring, at least 3 measurements for every 100 m 2 of surface. Observation map
Deviations of the drilling depth of the hole from the design
Deviations of the verticality of drilling a hole relative to the plane of the base

4.13. When installing mechanical fastening of insulation boards using plastic plate-shaped dowels, the following conditions must be observed:

the reinforced layer of plaster should adhere well to the cup head of the dowel and not peel off;

the output of the steel core of the dowel on the surface of the plaster layer is not allowed;

the metal parts of the dowel must be well protected against corrosion.

Operations for installing plastic plate-type dowels should be carried out according to Figure A7.

FINISHING COATING

4.14. Finishing the surface of the building should be started after the completion of work on the installation of a heat-insulating layer, performed in compliance with the requirements of paragraphs 4.3 - 4.13.

4.15. Before applying the finishing layer, the top layer of plaster must be primed with the composition specified in the project.

The entire area of the facade should be divided into separate sections in order to minimize the places where technological interruptions are unavoidable during the application of the finishing coat. It is necessary to provide for painting the joints between the sections with paint with smooth transition tonality.

4.16. It is preferable to use compositions and rough coating technology for the finishing layer. This method of finishing allows you to hide the flaws of the base and improve the appearance of the coating. Methods and methods of performing work on finishing the facade of the building should be determined by the project.

In all cases, the finishing coating must be vapor-permeable.

A fragment of the external thermal insulation of the building with thin plaster over the insulation and the controlled parameters are shown in Figure A8.

FEATURES OF PROCESSING OPENINGS, CORNERS AND OTHER JOINING POINTS

Basement of the building

4.17. The external thermal insulation of the building ends, as a rule, at a height of 65 - 70 cm from the ground. If necessary, insulate also lower part walls and its recessed part, follows:

apply the same insulation as for the entire system, and perform a reinforced bottom layer of plaster;

perform waterproofing of the basement of the building, for example, on the basis of a bitumen emulsion without the presence of polystyrene solvents;

additionally protect the lower part of the building from mechanical influences, for example, using asbestos-cement slabs;

carry out a protective visor and mechanical fastening of the asbestos-cement slab using screw dowels.

Fragments of the device of the heat-insulating layer of the basement of the building and the controlled parameters are shown in Figures A9 and A10.

Corner edges

4.18. To protect the edges of the corners from chipping, they are protected by installing a perforated corner profile made of aluminum or galvanized steel.

The corners are planted on the adhesive composition directly on the insulation along the entire height of the wall (with the exception of the lower part). Reinforced bottom layer of plaster in the usual way over the corner.

In the lower part of the wall, the corners should be seated on the adhesive over the reinforced reinforcement, after which they are covered with ordinary reinforcement and plaster mortar (Figure A11).

Fastening corners to the wall surface with dowels (nails) is not allowed.

4.19. In places where the insulation is adjacent to the structural elements of the building, its vertical and horizontal edges are protected from the side by perforated profiles made in the form of a channel. This profile is pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. Insulation plates are inserted into the fixed profile. Other technological operations performed according to the standard scheme.

4.20. The perforated profile into which the insulation boards are inserted is also used as a support at the bottom of the wall or on balconies. It is installed so that the lower edge of the insulation is 10 - 15 mm from the floor. This gap is covered by a protective plate ( ceramic tiles), glued to the surface after finishing the insulating layer.

Connections to parapets, cornices

4.21. The upper part of the heat-insulating coating and its adjoining to the parapets and cornices should be carried out according to the following schemes.

The upper edge of the insulation on the pediment, made according to the usual technology, is either covered with a metal protective visor fixed to the wall with screws with sealing washers, or protected by edge tiles (Figure A12).

In the presence of a cornice, the upper edge of the insulation at the junction is protected by perforated profiles, which are pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. The gap between the cornice and the insulation is filled with waterproof mastic (Figure A13).

Opening processing

4.22. The processing of openings (windows, doors) is one of the most important operations and must be performed before starting work on the installation of the main thermal insulation coating.

The most common way to arrange a window opening is the “with a quarter” option. Before proceeding with the insulation sticker, the window opening around the perimeter is framed metal box. To do this, the upper and two side metal L-shaped profiles are installed in the opening, which form a frame for the insulation. window block while remaining in the same place.

4.23. Insulation boards are inserted into a metal profile during gluing, which is then covered with reinforced plaster according to the standard scheme.

If windows are opened outward, metal profiles should not interfere with their opening.

When reinforcing the lower layer of plaster at the corners of the opening, additional pieces of mesh are laid on the insulation at an angle of 45 °.

4.24. To increase the reliability of the structure, the insulation along the perimeter of the window (door) opening can be laid from plates of increased rigidity and fire resistance.

Figure A14 shows an option for processing window (door) openings with a quarter.

4.25. The design organization may apply another constructive solution for processing window and doorways while ensuring the reliability and tightness of the heat-insulating layer.

5. PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL

5.1. The process control system for the installation of external thermal insulation of a building with thin plaster for insulation consists in a clear distribution and performance of its functions by all participants production process: customer, design organization, contractor and supplier of building materials.

5.2. The responsibilities of the design organization include:

choice of method and level of thermal protection of the building. If necessary, the customer organizes an examination of the developed design and estimate documentation and heat engineering calculations;

selection and coordination of paint colors. If necessary, the selected colors for painting the facades of buildings are agreed with the district architect.

5.3. The customer is obliged:

review and, after agreement with the contractor, approve the design and estimate documentation;

appoint a technical inspector for supervision (as required) and establish his functional responsibilities;

check the degree of qualification of masters and specialists and knowledge of these Rules.

5.4. The responsibilities of the material supplier include:

supply of materials provided by the project, having appropriate certificate and meeting the requirements of these Rules;

coordination of the selected colors of coloring, including for cases of using colors of different tonality.

5.5. Contractor Responsibilities:

provide the customer with a license to carry out work on the external thermal insulation of buildings and give a written obligation to use only approved materials and methods of work;

carry out tests for adhesion of the adhesive composition and tear resistance of dowels and present the results to the customer;

keep a log of work performed;

agree on the scope of work;

develop and provide a detailed project for the production of works (if it is not provided for in the design and estimate documentation). In particular, at the stage of PPR, the methods of performing work and the means of scaffolding should be determined. Particular attention is paid to the protection of workplaces from harmful atmospheric influences (rain, wind, direct sunlight). The production of thermal insulation work should be carried out, as a rule, only if there is a rigid base (scaffolding, mobile scaffolding);

provide an insurance certificate for the work performed;

in the course of work: comply with the requirements for climatic conditions and the conditions for the performance of work contained in the design and estimate documentation and these Rules.

5.6. Control over the quality of work performance should be carried out by engineering and technical employees of the customer service or a specially appointed technical inspector for supervision.

5.7. The main responsibilities of the quality control service are:

checking the tightness of the external thermal insulation system of the building, compliance with the requirements of design estimates and the rules for the production of work;

checking the preparation of the substrate (in particular, the quality of the removal of old paint and other coatings) and the measures taken to treat characteristic areas;

instrumental verification of the controlled parameters of individual elements of external thermal insulation in accordance with Appendix A;

identification of cases of violation of the quality of work and the issuance of recommendations for their elimination;

verification of compliance with technological regulations in the performance of work in hard-to-reach places and junctions;

control over the implementation of measures to protect workplaces from atmospheric influences (in particular, work cannot be carried out on a damp base, at temperatures below +5 ° C, in strong winds, on surfaces brightly lit by the sun).

5.8. The technical inspector for supervision draws up a Work Observation Map, enters into it all the comments and violations identified in the course of the work.

This map is intended to accumulate all identified and eliminated violations and facilitates the acceptance of thermal insulation works after their completion.

6. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ON THE PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION AND PROJECT OF WORKS

6.1. The basis of design documentation for the installation of external thermal insulation of a building with thin plaster over insulation are:

the adopted design of the heat-insulating coating (section "Architectural and construction solutions");

project of work production;

budget documentation.

The specified documentation must meet the requirements of SNiP 11-01-95 and SNiP 3.01.01-85*.

6.2. When concluding an agreement (contract) for the development of design documentation and design assignments, the following conditions must be taken into account:

these Rules apply to the installation of a heat-insulating coating for external enclosing structures of residential and public buildings made of the following materials: concrete (monolithic, prefabricated panels), bricks (with or without plaster), wall blocks (with or without plaster);

at the stage of pre-design work, a survey of the building should be carried out and initial materials for design should be prepared, including: the type and condition of the building, its unconscious drawings, features of the facade relief, ledges and drops, window and door openings and their design features, Availability downpipes, ventilation grilles and electrical inputs, expansion joints, parts of the roof and the basement of the building, etc. Particular attention is paid to the condition of the surface of the enclosing structures of buildings, the presence of old protective coatings, paint, cracks, leaks and local damage;

the choice of the method and level of thermal insulation of the building should be carried out on the basis of thermal calculations performed taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-3-79 *, as well as the actual state of thermal protection of the building envelope.

Note - For a preliminary estimate of the value of the reduced thermal resistance outer wall (R o pr) you can use the data in table 4.

Table 4

before the approval of the project, it is necessary to test samples of the selected type of insulation for adhesion of the adhesive to the base surface;

when developing estimate documentation, it should be detailed according to the following types of work: preparation of the base, sticker and fixing of insulation, installation of a reinforced lower layer of plaster, finishing coating, installation of scaffolding (scaffolding) and technological equipment, measures for protection against atmospheric and solar influences, processing of special areas ( removal and installation of drainpipes, basement of the building, junctions, protective peaks), fire safety measures, etc.;

the color of the finishing and decorative layer is preferably made from light-colored compositions, especially for painting facades on the east and south sides. Compositions of dark tones should be allowed for shaded areas of the facade (north side, loggias, etc.). Also, do not allow too contrasting combination of tones on one facade.

6.3. When developing a project for the production of works, the following additional requirements should be taken into account:

for the external thermal insulation of the building, only certified materials and products from among those specified in section 7 should be used;

work must be carried out from a rigid base (scaffolding, scaffolding);

in the absence of artificial protective coatings of the workplace, work should be stopped under the following circumstances: at an ambient temperature below + 5 ° C, on surfaces brightly lit by the sun, in strong winds, when rain moisture hits the wall surface;

develop a program for conducting the necessary control tests and regime observations, including methods of technical control over the quality of work;

develop a list of machines, tools and technological equipment for mandatory use in the performance of work on the external thermal insulation of a building;

to provide in technological maps (schemes) for the implementation of individual structural elements of external thermal insulation the most rational solutions for breaking down the facade of the building into sections, minimizing technological breaks and butt joints.

7. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

7.1. MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

7.1.1. Priming compositions (primer). They are used to treat the surface of walls and the plaster layer in order to improve adhesion with the adhesive composition and finishing coating (the formula composition is determined at the design stage and specified based on the results of adhesion tests of the adhesive composition).

7.1.2. Dry, adhesive mixture for gluing insulation to the wall surface (recipe No. 51). Manufactured by AOOT "Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes" (Moscow) according to TU 5745-003-05668056-93, certificate of conformity No. GOST R 9016.1.3.0001.

It is a cement-mineral composition containing a complex of chemical additives with a different spectrum of action, including polymeric ones.

Supplied in paper bags weighing 50 kg, prepared on construction site by mixing with water mechanized way. Guarantee period storage - 6 months. Fire and explosion proof. After kneading, let stand for 5 minutes.

7.1.3. Dry plaster mix (leveling) for thermal insulation systems (recipe No. 52). Manufactured by AOOT "Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes" (Moscow) according to TU 5745-003-05668056-93, certificate of conformity No. GOST R 9016.1.3.0002.

It is used for the device of the lower reinforced layer of plaster.

Produced in dry form white cement, mineral filler and a complex of chemical additives, including hydrophobic ones.

Supplied in 50 kg paper bags. It is prepared at the construction site by mixing with water in a mechanized way. Fire and explosion proof. After kneading, let stand for 5 minutes.

7.1.4. Decoration Materials. The type of textured finish and color solution are determined at the design stage. For the device of a decorative rough coating, it is recommended to use a dry mix produced by JSC "Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes", which is made according to recipe No. 50.

According to its recipe composition, this mixture is similar to a plaster composition with the addition of mineral alkali-resistant pigments.

It is allowed to combine technological processes for the device of the lower layer of thin plaster and decorative coating from a single material.

Physical and mechanical properties of adhesive and plaster compositions are given in table 5.

Table 5

Index	Plaster compositions
Index	Adhesive (rec. No. 51)	Leveling (plastering) (review No. 52)	Plaster and decorative (rec. No. 50)
1. Compressive strength, MPa
2. "Open" time of use, min	At least 25
3. Adhesion to the base, MPa
4. Linear shrinkage, %
5. Frost resistance, F
6. Combustibility	Incombustible
7. Vapor permeability

7.1.5. Insulation. For the device of external thermal insulation of buildings, slab insulation should be used. The type of slab insulation and its main indicators (density, moisture capacity, thermal conductivity, compressibility, fire resistance) are determined by the project based on thermal engineering calculations, standards for the required heat transfer resistance for a given region ( R o pr), the actual state of the external building envelope.

Examples of the use of insulation boards are shown in table 6.

Table 6

	Density, kg / m 3	Thermal conductivity coefficient l, W / m 2 ° С
Expanded polystyrene plates (GOST 15588)	Outside surface walls
Rigid mineral wool boards (GOST 9573)	Framing of window and door openings, basement of the building
Mineral wool slabs based on basalt fiber (Parok type)	outer wall surface, fire barriers
perlitoplastconcrete (TU 480-1-145-74)	Basement of the building, fire barriers
*Note -* It is possible to use other heat-insulating materials, including imported ones, which have an appropriate certificate and meet certain requirements in terms of basic indicators.

The boards must be of a dense structure, the presence of free non-cohesive granules or fibers is unacceptable.

During transportation, storage and installation, the insulation boards must be protected from moisture and contamination.

7.1.6. Fittings. As a reinforcement, a fiberglass mesh of a regular and reinforced profile, manufactured according to TU 6-48-00204961-29-93, is used.

A special armored mesh has increased rigidity, its weight is 400 - 700 g/m 2 . This reinforcement is designed to protect a surface that may be exposed to mechanical impact(basement part of the building, entrances to entrances, descents to basements, etc.).

Conventional fiberglass mesh with square cells 5x5 mm in size is more flexible, its weight is 150 - 200 g/m 2 . It is used to protect insulation on most of the building surface (see Figure A3 and A4).

The mesh must be alkali-resistant or treated with alkali-resistant compounds.

Mesh is supplied in rolls, transported in covered vehicles and must be stored in closed, dry rooms.

In accordance with the project, a lightweight metal mesh (weighing no more than 2.5 kg / m 2) can be used as a reinforcing layer. It is advisable to use a metal mesh when reinforcing corners, the basement of a building, where the heat-insulating layer adjoins parapets, cornices, pilasters and other structural elements of the building.

7.1.7. Hardware. For mechanical fastening of the insulation to the wall surface, spacer dowels are used according to GOST 27320 and GOST 28456, polyamide dowels for construction according to GOST 26998, as well as screws, screws and other hardware products.

In addition, several types of sheet metal are used in the system of external thermal insulation of buildings. metal elements angle or box profile, which are made of perforated aluminum sheet or galvanized steel. The type and number of these elements is determined by the project.

7.2. FORESTS, SCAFFOLDS

The production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation should be carried out using rigid bases (tubular scaffolding, mobile scaffolding, etc., Appendix B).

Only in this way can the stability of the workplace be ensured, which, in turn, will create conditions for good quality insulation stickers, as well as other operations: installing reinforcing mesh, plastering, installing dowels and metal products from an angle or box profile, applying decorative and finishing coatings.

Suspended scaffolds, cradles, being unstable, can introduce violations into the technological regulations for the production of works, which will lead to a deterioration in the quality and a decrease in the reliability of the heat-insulating layer. Their use is allowed only in hard-to-reach places and in limited areas.

In addition, the design of scaffolding and scaffolding should provide the possibility of using various film and mesh coatings to protect and enclose the workplace from atmospheric influences.

Table 7

Scaffolding and scaffolding	a brief description of	Developer, manufacturer
Scaffolding universal LSPH-40 for finishing works on the facades of buildings, made in accordance with GOST 27321	Design: tubular, attached, collar.	TsNIIOMTP

	Tier step - 2 m.



	The flooring is wooden.
	The mass of the set is 16.3 tons per 1000 m 2 of the facade area
Wedge scaffolding LSPK-40 for finishing work on the facades of buildings, made in accordance with GOST 27321	Design: tubular, attached, wedge.	TsNIIOMTP
	Max Height scaffolding - 40 m.
	Tier step - 2 m.
	The pitch of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m.
	The width of the tier (passage) is 1.25 m.

	The mass of the set is 11.3 tons per 1000 m 2 of the facade area
Mobile scaffolding PVS-12	Design: the working platform is mounted on two telescopic columns mounted on a caterpillar undercarriage.	VKTImontazhstroy-mechanization. Mytishchi OMZ
	Platform loading capacity - 600 kg.
	Site dimensions - 5.2×2.0 m.
	The maximum lifting height is 12 m.
	Weight - 5 t
Mobile telescopic tower on pneumatic wheels	Design: the working platform is mounted on a telescopic stand mounted on a frame with pneumatic wheels.	Karacharovsky Mechanical Plant
	Platform load capacity - 250 kg.
	Platform dimensions - 3×1.5 m.
	The maximum lifting height is 15 m.
	Weight - 4.5 t

7.3. MECHANISMS, TOOLS

In the production of external thermal insulation of buildings, mechanization tools and tools are used that not only facilitate labor and increase productivity, but are also one of the conditions for high-quality work (table 8).

Table 8

Means of mechanization	Mark, GOST	Appointment, a brief description of
mortar mixer		For the preparation of adhesives and plasters from dry mixes at the workplace.
mortar mixer		Capacity - 80 l, power - 1.5 kW, weight - 200 kg
Electric drill with a special nozzle		For the preparation of adhesive compositions from dry mixes.
Electric drill with a special nozzle		Power - 0.6 kW, weight - 3.9 kg
Screw Mortar Pump	PUTZKNECHT S48	For applying plaster composition to the surface.
Screw Mortar Pump	PUTZKNECHT S48	Productivity - 5-30 l / min, pressure - 3 MPa, power - 5.5 kW, weight - 170 kg
Electric perforator		For drilling holes in the base of the thermal insulation coating.
Electric perforator		Power - 0.5 kW, two-speed, drilling diameter - 13 mm
Electric screwdriver		For screwing in dowels when fixing insulation boards.
Electric screwdriver		Tightening torque - 10 Nm, power - 0.23 kW
High pressure painting unit		For washing the surface of the base and applying the painting composition.
High pressure painting unit		Working pressure - 25 MPa, weight - 75 kg
Trowel and notched trowel with square teeth 6 - 10 mm wide		For applying and leveling the adhesive on the surface of the insulation board
Wooden graters and slats		For pressing insulation boards and base surface during gluing
Hacksaw		For cutting insulation boards and cutting out insulation plates to fill voids
Planer, emery skin		For cleaning the edges of insulation boards
Regular scissors		For cutting reinforcing mesh
Metal shears		For cutting metal boxes
Stainless steel trowels		For recessing reinforcing mesh into the plaster layer
Plastic trowels and embossed rollers		For the device of a decorative and finishing layer
A set of tools and accessories for tin work		For the installation of metal boxes at the junction of insulation, framing window and door openings, etc.
corner Grinder, industrial electric hair dryer		For mechanical cleaning and annealing

8. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

The effect of the use of external thermal insulation of buildings is formed in several ways:

8.1. Saved thermal energy by increasing the thermal protection of the external enclosing structures of buildings.

8.2. The pollution of the environment is reduced, as emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are reduced.

8.3. Improved thermal comfort indoors. In the absence of thermal insulation, the inner surface of the outer wall becomes much colder than the air temperature in the room, which leads to increased air convection. The tenant perceives this as a draft and is forced, in order to compensate, to raise the temperature inside the room to 21 - 23 °C. When the wall is insulated, the temperature difference between the wall surface and the indoor air is very small, there is practically no air convection and the occupant feels comfortable at a lower temperature (18 - 20 °C).

AT summer period the heat-insulated walls of the building do not warm up (especially from the sunny side), and the air temperature inside the building does not rise above 23 - 25 °C.

8.4. The reliability of the operation of building envelopes and their durability increases, since after the application of the external thermal protection of the building, the dew point moves from the internal section of the wall outward, which is clearly seen in Figure 1.

a) outer wall without thermal insulation

b) Exterior wall with 75 mm thermal insulation

Picture 1. - Temperature curve in winter

8.5. Only vapor-permeable materials are used in the design of the building's thermal protection (water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient is not more than 10 - 15), due to which harmful condensate does not form on the wall surface and inside it, which can increase heat loss through the building wall.

8.6. Increased soundproofing of the building. For example, the sound insulation index of a wall made of silicate brick 25 cm thick with a glued heat-insulating layer 40–45 mm thick increases from 49 to 52 dB.

9. CARE OF THE EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS

9.1. As part of the design and estimate documentation, there should be instructions (instructions) for the care of the external thermal insulation of building facades. In order for the thermal insulation system to retain its stability and properties, it is necessary to control it for tightness and appearance. Particular attention should be paid to such structural elements as: the lower, basement part of the wall; condition and protection of the upper part of the thermal insulation (parapets, cornices); the quality of sealing the corners of the building, openings and joints; absence of deformations on the surface of the facades (bloating, cracking, etc.).

9.2. Identified violations appearance thermal insulation should be classified according to two criteria:

natural aging of the finishing coating (slight cracking of a thermal or shrinkage nature, change in shade), which does not affect the stability of the system as a whole;

damage to individual elements of the system, which can lead to degradation of sections or the entire thermal insulation system.

9.3. In relation to the thermal insulation coating of building facades, the following precautions should be applied:

to prohibit sports games near the facades of buildings (for example, tennis ball, when the insulated wall is used as a target or reflective surface);

protect the wall surface when working on facades from ladders;

provide for measures so that when parking cars near the building there is no possibility of mechanical damage to the wall surface;

must be kept in working order ventilation devices buildings that provide the evacuation of moist air from interior spaces.

9.4. It should be remembered that the natural aging of the finishing layer is accelerated in an aggressive atmospheric environment, which is created by an industrial zone, city vehicles, sea surf, the proximity of abundant vegetation (forest), causing green plaque, etc.

9.5. If serious violations appear on the surface of the heat-insulating layer, it is necessary to contact professionals and follow their recommendations for eliminating the identified defects.

10. POSSIBLE CASES OF VIOLATION OF THE QUALITY OF WORK PRODUCTION, THEIR CONSEQUENCES AND METHODS OF ELIMINATION

10.1. The technology for external thermal insulation of buildings for domestic practice is relatively new, therefore, a number of production violations are inevitable, which reduce the quality of the entire thermal insulation system.

10.2. It is recommended that the first experiments in the region on the arrangement of external thermal insulation of buildings be carried out under the supervision of specially appointed technical workers, who subsequently should be assigned the functions of monitoring the state of the thermal insulation coating of buildings, as well as summarizing the identified defects and violations.

10.3. The distribution of defects and violations of the thermal insulation coating of the facades of buildings by the timing of manifestation and types of violations is characterized by the indicators given in tables 9 and 10.

Table 9

Identified violations (by timing of manifestation)	Specific gravity, %*

including:
before accepting work
after acceptance of works by years:



fourth


* The data are given from the materials of foreign experience.

Table 10

Types of violations	Specific weight, %	The main reasons for the identified violations
Complete flaking and collapse of the system		1. Insulation boards were glued without prior cleaning of the base
		2. Poor quality adhesive
		3. Mechanical fastening was not used
Partial peeling of the system		Penetration of water to the level of the bonding plane of the insulation with the base due to poor protection systems from above (cornices) and in places of window openings
Filtration of moisture into the premises through the system		Water penetrated through junctions with characteristic sections of the wall (pilasters, corbels, etc.)
Microcracks and non-filter cracks		1. Poor choice of coating color (too dark color and too contrasting colors)
		2. Large differences at the joints of the insulation boards and, as a result, a large difference in the thickness of the plaster layer
		3. Wide gaps were allowed between the insulation boards, which were filled with plaster
		4. Non-overlapping of reinforcing mesh joints
Peeling (swelling) of the finishing layer, as well as the plaster layer		1. Error of the primer supplier (white spirit with a high content of hydrogen sulfide was used as a solvent, which dissolved the expanded polystyrene base by migration)
		2. Violation of the production regulations for climatic conditions (work was carried out in the cold, in the rain, with frost)
Appearance defects		1. Large differences in the thickness of the insulation boards
		2. Moldiness of the finishing layer caused by a humid environment (forest area, proximity to the sea)
		3. The difference in shades of the painted surface due to poor selection of color composition
		4. Rust spots caused by corrosion of mechanical fasteners (dowels, boxes, corners, etc.)
Washing off with a shower during work		Lack of protection and film coating of the workplace
Other reasons		These damages are not the responsibility of the contractor.

10.4. Ways to eliminate the identified defects and damage to the heat-insulating layer:

complete or partial delamination of the thermal insulation layer must be repaired by cutting out the damaged areas, completely cleaning the base and restoring the entire system in this place from new elements using conventional technology. The edges of the new reinforcing mesh should be slipped under the old reinforcement, bending, if possible, its exposed edges;

places for moisture filtration must be opened, filled with sealing mastics (compatible in composition with the main elements of the system) and covered with a decorative layer;

exfoliated (swollen) sections of the plaster and finishing layer are removed, and in their place a reinforced plaster layer and a decorative coating are restored from the same materials as the thermal insulation system itself.

10.5. The restored sections of the coating must comply with the requirements for the heat-insulating layer according to the design and estimate documentation.

TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES OF WORK PRODUCTION AND CONTROLLED PARAMETERS OF INDIVIDUAL COATING ELEMENTS

a) Beacon

b) Strip

c) Solid

* Controlled parameter

Figure A1. - Methods for applying adhesive composition to the surface of insulation boards

Note - Filling wide gaps between the insulation boards with a plaster (adhesive) composition is not allowed.

* Controlled parameter

Figure A2. - Sticker of insulation boards on the wall surface using the “bandaging” method

Figure A3. - Plain reinforcing mesh fiberglass

* Controlled parameter

Figure A4. - Reinforced fiberglass mesh

* Controlled parameter

Figure A5. - Fastening the insulation board with dowels-sleeves and screws

* Controlled parameter

Figure A6 - Fastening the insulation board with a polyamide dowel and screws

* Controlled parameter

Figure A7. - Fastening the insulation board with plastic plate-type dowels with a metal rod (option: wall material from hollow blocks)

* Controlled parameter

Figure A8. - Fragment of the external thermal insulation of the building with thin plaster over the insulation

* Controlled parameter

Figure A9. - Fastening the thermal insulation layer on the bottom of the wall

* Controlled parameter

Figure A10. - Fragment of insulation of the lower (and its recessed) part of the building wall

1 - primed wall surface;

2 - adhesive composition;

3 - insulation boards;

4 - fiberglass reinforcing mesh (according to the project) *;

5 - the bottom layer of thin plaster;

6 - finishing decorative layer;

7 - metal perforated corner, installed on the adhesive (according to the project)*

* Controlled parameter

Figure A11. - Fragment of the constructive solution for the heat-insulating coating of the corner part of the facade of the building

* Controlled parameter

Figure A12. - Adjacency of the heat-insulating layer to the parapet in the upper part of the facade

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A13.- A fragment of the junction of the external thermal insulation of the building to the eaves slab

* Controlled parameter

Figure A14. - Fragment of the junction of the heat-insulating layer to the window opening (option "with a quarter")

PAVING TOOLS

SCAFFOLDING UNIVERSAL COLLAR LSPH-40 (ASSEMBLY FROM SEPARATE ELEMENTS)

Scaffolding PVS-12

Scaffolds are designed for various construction and installation works at a height of 3.5 to 13.5 m.

The scaffolding consists of a caterpillar undercarriage with a variable base and four outriggers, two telescopic columns equipped with extension mechanisms, catchers, a platform with a fence.

A crane is installed on the platform. The undercarriage engine is a gasoline-electric unit. This unit and the winches of the column extension mechanisms are located on the upper platform of the undercarriage.

In the transport position, the scaffold columns are folded, and the fence and the crane are placed on the platform.

Scaffolding PVS-12

1 - base; 2 - telescopic column; 3 - platform; 4 - fencing; 5 - tap

Technical specifications

Platform load capacity, kg .............................. 600

Platform lifting height, mm:

smallest ................................................. ............... 3.2

largest .................................................. ............... 12.0

The time of lifting the platform to the maximum

height, with .................................................... ........................... 120

Site dimensions, m ............................................... ...... 5.0´2.0

Crane lifting capacity, kg....................................... 100

The speed of the scaffold

horizontal, m/s ............................................... ............... 0.2

Track width, m .............................................. ............. 2.2

smallest ................................................. ............... 2.6

largest .................................................. ............... 2.7

Engine................................................. ............. benzoelectric

unit AB-8-T/400M

Installed power, kW .......................................... 9.2

Scaffold dimensions in transport position, mm:

length ................................................. ....................... 5000

width................................................. ...................... 2500

height................................................. ......................... 3300

Mass, t ............................................... ............................ 5

MANUFACTURER - Mytishchi Experimental Mechanical Plant 141000, Mytishchi, Moscow Region.

DEVELOPER - VKTI Montazhstroymehanizatsiya 113114, Moscow, Kozhevnichesky proezd, 4/5

Keywords: external thermal insulation, thin plaster, insulation, finishing coating, processing of openings, corners, scaffolding

The system of regulatory documents in construction

SET OF RULES
FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

TECHNICAL RULES OF PRODUCTION
EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS WITH
THIN PLASTER ON INSULATION

SP 12-101-98

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ON HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION POLICY

(GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA)

Moscow
1998

FOREWORD

1 DEVELOPED by the Joint Stock Company "Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes" and the Office of the Construction Industry and Building Materials of the Gosstroy of Russia with the participation of the Office of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia

INTRODUCED by the Department of the construction industry and building materials of the Gosstroy of Russia

2 APPROVED by the Open Joint-Stock Company "Pilot Plant of Dry Mixes" (Order No. 57 dated 01.03.98)

3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Letter No. BE-19-8/14 dated March 19, 1998 from the Gosstroy of Russia dated May 1, 1998.

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

INTRODUCTION

The technical rules for the production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster for insulation were developed in accordance with the System of Regulatory Documents in Construction (SNiP 10-01-94) and are advisory in nature. During their development, modern achievements of science, engineering and technology, domestic and foreign experience were used.

Given the novelty of this method of work, the Code of Practice establishes general requirements for the elements of external thermal insulation of buildings and technological processes for the production of work on its installation.

The appendix gives the most common technological schemes for the production of works and the controlled parameters of the elements of this coating.

SP 12-101-98

CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

TECHNICAL RULES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS WITH THIN PLASTER ON INSULATION

TECHNICAL RULES FOR PRODUCTION OF EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS WITH THIN PLASTER APPLIED ON INSULATION

Introduction date 1998-05-01

1 AREA OF USE

These Technical Rules for the installation of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are intended to improve the thermal protection of external enclosing structures of residential and public buildings and structures made of concrete, brick and natural stone in order to bring them into line with the requirements of SNiP II -3-79 * "Construction heating engineering" (with change No. 3, approved by the decision of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 11.08.95 No. 18-81 and change No. 4, approved by the decision of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated 19.01.98 No. 18-8).

2. REGULATORY REFERENCES

the surface of the wall that does not have decorative coatings should be thoroughly rinsed with water using high-pressure units and dried. If there are oil stains or other types of contamination, these places should be cleaned or treated with special compounds to neutralize them;

old plaster should be checked by tapping over the entire surface, knocked down in places where voids are found and restored;

irregularities and differences of more than 1 cm must be eliminated, and cracks filled;

dry sandblasting;

wet sandblasting;

mechanical cleaning;

thermal removal (annealing);

chemical wash.

The base surface must be primed with a special composition specified in the project, without gaps and breaks. When priming the wall surface in the places of leveling screeds, it should be done after the mortar has hardened and the leveling layer has dried.

The primer should have a strong adhesion to the base, no traces of binder should remain on the tampon applied to it.

When preparing the base surface, the requirements of the table must be observed.

Table 1

Limit deviation

Permissible deviations of the base surface (when checking with a two-meter rail)

Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 100 m 2 of surface

The number of irregularities (smooth outline) on a length of 2 m

No more than two

The permissible humidity of the bases before applying the primer should not exceed:

Measuring, at least 2 measurements for every 100 m2 of surface, registration

concrete, brick

cement-sand

Limit deviation

Control (method, scope, type of registration)

Plaster layer thickness, mm:

Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 100 m 2

first - 3.5

second - 4

surfaces. Observation map

The width of the overlap of the panels of the reinforcing mesh - 100 mm

± 10%

Permissible deviations of the surface of the plaster layer (when checking with a two-meter rail):

horizontally

vertically

4.10.First way- fastening with expansion dowels for construction according to GOST 27320 and GOST 28456.

The diameter of the dowel-sleeve and the depth of the hole where the dowel is inserted are determined by calculation at the stage of development of design estimates.

The installation of the dowel-sleeve should be carried out in the following sequence:

1. Marking holes for dowels-sleeves.

2. Drilling holes in the base using a rotary percussion power tool or diamond drill bits with a dust suction rotor.

3. Cleaning the hole from drilling dust by blowing with compressed air (if the hole is drilled without dust extraction).

4. Driving the sleeve into the hole using a special nozzle. The end face of the sleeve after driving should not protrude above the surface of the base.

5. Driving the conical element into the bushing hole using a special nozzle specified in p. The length of the special nozzle must be selected taking into account the thickness of the insulation plate. The end of the driving process of the element must correspond to the moment of contact between the end ledge of the nozzle and the end of the bushing.

6. Screwing into the dowel-sleeve of a special bolt with a wide round head (plate) with a slot.

7. The length of the bolt shaft should be determined taking into account the thickness of the insulation board to be fixed.

8. The length of the screwing section of the thread of the bushing and the bolt must be at least 1.5 - 2.0 of the nominal thread diameter.

9. Screw the head of the bolt to the stop, ensuring a snug fit of the head to the insulation. The operations for installing the dowel-sleeve and fixing the slab insulation with reinforced plaster should be carried out according to the drawing.

4.11.Second way- fastening with a polyamide dowel for construction in accordance with GOST 26998.

In addition to the pull-out force test, polyamide dowels should be tested for heat and cold resistance in accordance with GOST 16962.

The installation of a polyamide dowel for construction and fixing the slab insulation with screws should be carried out in the sequence shown in the figure.

4.12.Third way- fastening with the help of special plastic dowels of the "dish" type with a metal rod. This method is most effective when fixing insulation boards before laying the reinforcing mesh.

For this method of fastening, dowels of a German company can be used. EIOT approved for use in the prescribed manner. When mechanically fastening the insulation boards with the help of special plastic plate-type dowels, the requirements of the table must be observed.

Table 3

Limit deviation

Control (method, scope, type of registration)

The method of drilling holes in the base of the slab, depending on the wall material:

Technical inspection. Observation map

concrete - shock-rotational

brick - shock-rotational, rotational

hollow blocks and bricks - rotational only

Deviations of the hole drilling diameter from the design

Measuring, at least 3 measurements for every 100 m 2 of surface. Observation map

Deviations of the drilling depth of the hole from the design

Deviations of the verticality of drilling a hole relative to the plane of the base

the reinforced layer of plaster should adhere well to the cup head of the dowel and not peel off;

the output of the steel core of the dowel on the surface of the plaster layer is not allowed;

the metal parts of the dowel must be well protected against corrosion.

Operations for installing plastic plate-type dowels should be carried out according to the figure.

FINISHING COATING

4.15. Before applying the finishing layer, the top layer of plaster must be primed with the composition specified in the project.

The entire area of the facade should be divided into separate sections in order to minimize the places where technological interruptions are inevitable during the application of the finishing coating. It is necessary to provide for painting the joints between the sections with paint with a smooth transition of tone.

In all cases, the finishing coating must be vapor-permeable.

A fragment of the external thermal insulation of the building with thin plaster over the insulation and the controlled parameters are shown in the figure.

FEATURES OF PROCESSING OPENINGS, CORNERS AND OTHER JOINING POINTS

Basement of the building

4.17. The external thermal insulation of the building ends, as a rule, at a height of 65 - 70 cm from the ground. If it is also necessary to insulate the lower part of the wall and its recessed part, you should:

apply the same insulation as for the entire system, and perform a reinforced bottom layer of plaster;

perform waterproofing of the basement of the building, for example, on the basis of a bitumen emulsion without the presence of polystyrene solvents;

additionally protect the lower part of the building from mechanical influences, for example, using asbestos-cement slabs;

carry out a protective visor and mechanical fastening of the asbestos-cement slab using screw dowels.

Fragments of the device for the heat-insulating layer of the basement of the building and the controlled parameters are shown in figures and.

Corner edges

4.18. To protect the edges of the corners from chipping, they are protected by installing a perforated corner profile made of aluminum or galvanized steel.

The corners are planted on the adhesive composition directly on the insulation along the entire height of the wall (with the exception of the lower part). The reinforced lower layer of plaster is performed in the usual way over the corner.

In the lower part of the wall, the corners should be placed on the adhesive over the reinforced reinforcement, after which they are covered with ordinary reinforcement and plaster mortar (figure).

Fastening corners to the wall surface with dowels (nails) is not allowed.

4.19. In places where the insulation is adjacent to the structural elements of the building, its vertical and horizontal edges are protected from the side by perforated profiles made in the form of a channel. This profile is pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. Insulation plates are inserted into the fixed profile. All other technological operations are carried out according to the standard scheme.

4.20. The perforated profile into which the insulation boards are inserted is also used as a support at the bottom of the wall or on balconies. It is installed so that the lower edge of the insulation is 10 - 15 mm from the floor. This gap is covered with a protective plate (ceramic tile) glued to the surface after finishing the insulating layer.

Connections to parapets, cornices

4.21. The upper part of the heat-insulating coating and its adjoining to the parapets and cornices should be carried out according to the following schemes.

Opening processing

4.22. The processing of openings (windows, doors) is one of the most important operations and must be performed before starting work on the installation of the main thermal insulation coating.

The most common way to arrange a window opening is the “with a quarter” option. Before proceeding with the insulation sticker, the window opening around the perimeter is framed with a metal box. To do this, the upper and two side metal L-shaped profiles are installed in the opening, which form a frame for the insulation. The window block remains in the same place.

4.23. Insulation boards are inserted into a metal profile during gluing, which is then covered with reinforced plaster according to the standard scheme.

In the case of windows opening outward, metal profiles should not interfere with their opening.

When reinforcing the lower layer of plaster at the corners of the opening, additional pieces of mesh are laid on the insulation at an angle of 45 °.

4.24. To increase the reliability of the structure, the insulation along the perimeter of the window (door) opening can be laid from plates of increased rigidity and fire resistance.

6.2. When concluding an agreement (contract) for the development of design documentation and design assignments, the following conditions must be taken into account:

these Rules apply to the installation of a heat-insulating coating for external enclosing structures of residential and public buildings made of the following materials: concrete (monolithic, prefabricated panels), brick (with or without plaster), wall blocks (with or without plaster);

at the stage of pre-design work, a survey of the building should be carried out and initial materials for design should be prepared, including: the type and condition of the building, its swooning drawings, features of the facade relief, ledges and drops, window and door openings and their design features, the presence of drainpipes, ventilation grilles and electrical inputs, expansion joints, details of the roof and the basement of the building, etc. Particular attention is paid to the condition of the surface of the enclosing structures of buildings, the presence of old protective coatings, paints, cracks, leaks and local destruction on them;

Note - For a preliminary assessment of the value of the reduced thermal resistance of the outer wall (R o pr), you can use the data in the table.

Table 4

	insulation
	l = 0,04		l = 0,08
	s, mm	R o pr	s, mm	R o pr


*Note* - l - thermal conductivity coefficient, W / m 2 · °C; s- insulation thickness, mm.

before the approval of the project, it is necessary to test samples of the selected type of insulation for adhesion of the adhesive to the base surface;

6.3. When developing a project for the production of works, the following additional requirements should be taken into account:

for the device of external thermal insulation of the building, only certified materials and products from among those specified in the section should be used;

work must be carried out from a rigid base (scaffolding, scaffolding);

develop a program for conducting the necessary control tests and regime observations, including methods of technical control over the quality of work;

develop a list of machines, tools and technological equipment for mandatory use in the performance of work on the external thermal insulation of a building;

7. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

7.1. MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS

It is a cement-mineral composition containing a complex of chemical additives with a different spectrum of action, including polymeric ones.

Supplied in paper bags weighing 50 kg, prepared at the construction site by mechanized mixing with water. Warranty period of storage - 6 months. Fire and explosion proof. After kneading, let stand for 5 minutes.

It is used for the device of the lower reinforced layer of plaster.

It is produced in dry form based on white cement, mineral filler and a complex of chemical additives, including hydrophobic ones.

Supplied in 50 kg paper bags. It is prepared at the construction site by mixing with water in a mechanized way. Fire and explosion proof. After kneading, let stand for 5 minutes.

According to its recipe composition, this mixture is similar to a plaster composition with the addition of mineral alkali-resistant pigments.

It is allowed to combine technological processes for the device of the lower layer of thin plaster and decorative coating from a single material.

Physical and mechanical properties of adhesive and plaster compositions are given in the table.

Table 5

	Plaster compositions
	Adhesive (rec. No. 51)	Leveling (plastering) (review No. 52)	Plaster and decorative (rec. No. 50)
1. Compressive strength, MPa
2. "Open" time of use, min	At least 25
3. Adhesion to the base, MPa
4. Linear shrinkage, %
5. Frost resistance, F
6. Combustibility	Incombustible
7. Vapor permeability

7.1.5. Insulation.For the device of external thermal insulation of buildings, slab insulation should be used. The type of slab insulation and its main indicators (density, moisture capacity, thermal conductivity, compressibility, fire resistance) are determined by the project based on thermal engineering calculations, standards for the required heat transfer resistance for a given region (R o pr ), the actual state of the external building envelope.

Examples of the use of insulation boards are given in the table.

Table 6

		Density, kg / m 3	Coefficient of thermal conductivity l, W / m 2 · °C
	The outer surface of the walls
Rigid mineral wool boards (GOST 9573)	Framing of window and door openings, basement of the building
Mineral wool slabs based on basalt fiber (Parok type)	External surface of walls, fire barriers
perlitoplastconcrete (TU 480-1-145-74)	Basement of the building, fire barriers
*Note -* It is possible to use other heat-insulating materials, including imported ones, which have an appropriate certificate and meet certain requirements in terms of basic indicators.

The boards must be of a dense structure, the presence of free non-cohesive granules or fibers is unacceptable.

During transportation, storage and installation, the insulation boards must be protected from moisture and contamination.

7.1.6. Fittings.As a reinforcement, a fiberglass mesh of a regular and reinforced profile, manufactured according to TU 6-48-00204961-29-93, is used.

A special armored mesh has increased rigidity, its weight is 400 - 700 g/m 2 . This reinforcement is designed to protect the surface that can be subjected to mechanical stress (basement of the building, entrances to entrances, descents to basements, etc.).

Ordinary fiberglass mesh with square cells size 5´ 5 mm is more flexible, its weight is 150 - 200 g/m 2 . It is used to protect the insulation on most of the surface of the building (see figure and).

The mesh must be alkali-resistant or treated with alkali-resistant compounds.

The mesh is supplied in rolls, transported in covered vehicles and must be stored in closed, dry rooms.

In addition, in the system of external thermal insulation of buildings, several types of sheet metal elements of an angle or box profile are used, which are made of perforated sheet aluminum or galvanized steel. The type and number of these elements is determined by the project.

7.2. FORESTS, SCAFFOLDS

The production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation should be carried out using rigid bases (tubular scaffolding, mobile scaffolding, etc., appendix).

In addition, the design of scaffolding and scaffolding should provide the possibility of using various film and mesh coatings to protect and enclose the workplace from atmospheric influences.

Table 7

	a brief description of	Developer, manufacturer
Scaffolding universal LSPH-40 for finishing work on	Design: tubular, attached, collar.	TsNIIOMTP
facades of buildings, made
nye in accordance with GOST	Tier step - 2 m.



	The flooring is wooden.
	The mass of the set is 16.3 tons per 1000 m 2 of the facade area
Wedge scaffolding LSPK-40 for finishing works on facades	Design: tubular, attached, wedge.	TsNIIOMTP
buildings made in	The maximum height of scaffolding is 40 m.
	Tier step - 2 m.
	The pitch of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m.
	The width of the tier (passage) is 1.25 m.

	The mass of the set is 11.3 tons per 1000 m 2 of the facade area
Mobile scaffolding PVS-12	Design: the working platform is mounted on two telescopic columns mounted on a caterpillar undercarriage.	VKTImontazhstroy-mechanization. Mytishchi OMZ
	Platform loading capacity - 600 kg.
	Site dimensions - 5.2 ´ 2.0 m
	The maximum lifting height is 12 m.
	Weight - 5 t
Mobile telescopic tower on pneumatic wheels	Design: the working platform is mounted on a telescopic stand mounted on a frame with pneumatic wheels.	Karacharovsky Mechanical Plant
	Platform load capacity - 250 kg.
	Platform dimensions - 3 ´ 1.5 m
	The maximum lifting height is 15 m.
	Weight - 4.5 t

7.3. MECHANISMS, TOOLS

Table 8

	Mark, GOST	Purpose, brief description
mortar mixer		For the preparation of adhesives and plasters from dry mixes at the workplace.
mortar mixer		Capacity - 80 l, power - 1.5 kW, weight - 200 kg
Electric drill with a special nozzle		For the preparation of adhesive compositions from dry mixes.
Electric drill with a special nozzle		Power - 0.6 kW, weight - 3.9 kg
Screw Mortar Pump	PUTZKNECHT S48	For applying plaster composition to the surface.
Screw Mortar Pump	PUTZKNECHT S48	Productivity - 5-30 l / min, pressure - 3 MPa, power - 5.5 kW, weight - 170 kg
Electric perforator		For drilling holes in the base of the thermal insulation coating.
Electric perforator		Power - 0.5 kW, two-speed, drilling diameter - 13 mm
Electric screwdriver		For screwing in dowels when fixing insulation boards.
Electric screwdriver		Tightening torque - 10 N · m, power - 0.23 kW
High pressure painting unit		For washing the surface of the base and applying the painting composition.
High pressure painting unit		Working pressure - 25 MPa, weight - 75 kg
Trowel and notched trowel with square teeth 6 - 10 mm wide		For applying and leveling the adhesive on the surface of the insulation board
Wooden graters and slats		For pressing insulation boards and base surface during gluing
Hacksaw		For cutting insulation boards and cutting out insulation plates to fill voids
Planer, emery skin		For cleaning the edges of insulation boards
Regular scissors		For cutting reinforcing mesh
Metal shears		For cutting metal boxes
Stainless steel trowels		For recessing reinforcing mesh into the plaster layer
Plastic trowels and embossed rollers		For the device of a decorative and finishing layer
A set of tools and accessories for tin work		For the installation of metal boxes at the junction of insulation, framing window and door openings, etc.
Angle grinder, industrial electric hair dryer		For mechanical cleaning and annealing

8. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

The effect of the use of external thermal insulation of buildings is formed in several ways:

8.1. Thermal energy is saved by increasing the thermal protection of the external building envelope.

8.2. The pollution of the environment is reduced, as emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are reduced.

In summer, the heat-insulated walls of the building do not warm up (especially on the sunny side), and the air temperature inside the building does not rise above 23-25 °C.

a) External wall without thermal insulation

b) Exterior wall with 75 mm thermal insulation

Picture 1. - Temperature curve in winter

9. CARE OF THE EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS

9.2. Identified violations of the appearance of thermal insulation should be classified according to two criteria:

natural aging of the finishing coating (slight cracking of a thermal or shrinkage nature, change in shade), which does not affect the stability of the system as a whole;

damage to individual elements of the system, which can lead to degradation of sections or the entire thermal insulation system.

9.3. In relation to the thermal insulation coating of building facades, the following precautions should be applied:

to prohibit sports games near the facades of buildings (for example, tennis ball, when the insulated wall is used as a target or reflective surface);

protect the wall surface when working on facades from ladders;

provide for measures so that when parking cars near the building there is no possibility of mechanical damage to the wall surface;

it is necessary to maintain in working condition all the ventilation devices of the building, ensuring the evacuation of moist air from the interior.

9.5. If serious violations appear on the surface of the heat-insulating layer, it is necessary to contact professionals and follow their recommendations for eliminating the identified defects.

10. POSSIBLE CASES OF VIOLATION OF THE QUALITY OF WORK PRODUCTION, THEIR CONSEQUENCES AND METHODS OF ELIMINATION

2. Poor quality adhesive

3. Mechanical fastening was not used

Partial peeling of the system

Penetration of water to the level of the bonding plane of the insulation with the base due to poor protection of the system from above (cornices) and in places of window openings

Filtration of moisture into the premises through the system

Water penetrated through junctions with characteristic sections of the wall (pilasters, corbels, etc.)

Microcracks and non-filter cracks

1. Poor choice of coating color (too dark color and too contrasting colors)

2. Large differences at the joints of the insulation boards and, as a result, a large difference in the thickness of the plaster layer

3. Wide gaps were allowed between the insulation boards, which were filled with plaster

4. Non-overlapping of reinforcing mesh joints

Peeling (swelling) of the finishing layer, as well as the plaster layer

1. Error of the primer supplier (white spirit with a high content of hydrogen sulfide was used as a solvent, which dissolved the foamed polystyrene base by migration)

2. Violation of the production regulations for climatic conditions (work was carried out in the cold, in the rain, with frost)

Appearance defects

1. Large differences in the thickness of the insulation boards

2. Moldiness of the finishing layer caused by a humid environment (forest area, proximity to the sea)

3. The difference in shades of the painted surface due to poor selection of color composition

4. Rust spots caused by corrosion of mechanical fasteners (dowels, boxes, corners, etc.)

Washing off with a shower during work

Lack of protection and film coating of the workplace

Other reasons

These damages are not the responsibility of the contractor.

10.4. Ways to eliminate the identified defects and damage to the heat-insulating layer:

places for moisture filtration must be opened, filled with sealing mastics (compatible in composition with the main elements of the system) and covered with a decorative layer;

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A5. - Fastening the insulation board with dowels-sleeves and screws

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A6 - Fastening the insulation board with a polyamide dowel and screws

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A7. - Fastening the insulation board with plastic plate-type dowels with a metal rod (option: wall material from hollow blocks)

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A8. - Fragment of the external thermal insulation of the building with thin plaster over the insulation

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A9. - Fastening the thermal insulation layer on the bottom of the wall

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A10. - Fragment of insulation of the lower (and its recessed) part of the building wall

1 - primed wall surface;

2 - adhesive composition;

3 - insulation boards;

4 - fiberglass reinforcing mesh (according to the project) *;

5 - the bottom layer of thin plaster;

6 - finishing decorative layer;

7 - metal perforated corner, installed on the adhesive (according to the project)*

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A11. - Fragment of the constructive solution for the heat-insulating coating of the corner part of the facade of the building

_____________

* Controlled parameter

Figure A12. - Adjacency of the heat-insulating layer to the parapet in the upper part of the facade

_____________

* Controlled parameter

The scaffolding consists of a caterpillar undercarriage with a variable base and four outriggers, two telescopic columns equipped with extension mechanisms, catchers, a platform with a fence.

In the transport position, the scaffold columns are folded, and the fence and the crane are placed on the platform.

Scaffolding PVS-12

1 - base; 2 - telescopic column; 3 - platform; 4 - fencing; 5 - tap

Technical specifications

Platform load capacity, kg .................................. 600

Platform lifting height, mm:

smallest3.2

greatest ................................................................ 12,0

The time of lifting the platform to the maximum

height, with .......................................................................... 120

Site dimensions, m .................................................... 5,0 ´ 2,0

Crane capacity, kg ......................................... 100

The speed of the scaffold

horizontal, m/s ............................................................ 0,2

Track width, m ........................................................... 2,2

Base, m:

smallest ................................................................ 2,6

greatest ................................................................ 2,7

Engine .............................................................. benzoelectric

unit AB-8-T/400M

Installed power, kW ..................................... 9,2

Scaffold dimensions in transport position, mm:

length ........................................................................ 5000

width ....................................................................... 2500

height ......................................................................... 3300

Weight, t ........................................................................... 5

MANUFACTURER - Mytishchi Experimental Mechanical Plant

141000, Mytishchi, Moscow Region

DEVELOPER - VKTI Montazhstroymekhanizatsiya

113114, Moscow, Kozhevnichesky proezd, 4/5

Keywords:external thermal insulation, thin plaster, insulation, finishing coating, processing of openings, corners, scaffolding

The system of regulatory documents in the construction of the set of rules for the design and construction of the technical rules for the production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster on the insulation of SP 12-101-98 Edition of the Official State Committee of the Russian Federation for Housing and Construction Policy (Gosstroy of Russia) Moscow 1998 SP 12-101- 98 FOREWORD 1 DEVELOPED by the Joint Stock Company “Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes” and the Office of the Construction Industry and Building Materials of the Gosstroy of Russia with the participation of the Office of Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification of the Gosstroy of Russia INTRODUCED by the Office of the Construction Industry and Building Materials of the Gosstroy of Russia 2 APPROVED by the Joint Stock Company of an open type “ Pilot Plant of Dry Mixes” (Order No. 57 dated 01.03.98) 3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY letter of the Gosstroy of Russia No. BE-19-8/14 dated 19.03.98 dated May 1, 1998 4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME This regulatory document cannot be reproduced in whole or in part greased and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Gosstroy of Russia ISBN 5-88111 -035-8 Gosstroy of Russia, State Unitary Enterprise TsPP, 1998 SP 12-101-98 CONTENTS Introduction 1 Scope.................. ................................................. ............... 2 Normative references .................................. ............................................. 3 General provisions. ................................................. .................................................. 4 Organization and technology of work performance .............................. ................................ Preparing the base .................. ................................................. Insulation sticker .............................................................. ................................ Installation of a reinforced bottom layer of plaster .............................. Mechanical fixing the insulation .................................................. Finishing coating. ................................................. ................... Processing features oem, corners and other junctions .............................................................. .................................................. 5 Process control and monitoring quality ................................................. ......................................................... 6 General instructions on the procedure for developing design estimates documentation and project for the production of works ....................................... 7 Material and technical resources .. ......................... .............................. 8 Technical and economic indicators .................. ............................................... 9 Maintenance of the external thermal insulation of buildings ..... ...................................................... 10 Possible cases of violation of the quality of work, their consequences and methods elimination ................................................. Appendix A Technological schemes for the production of works and controlled parameters of individual elements of the coating .................................................................. ......................................... Appendix B Scaffolding.... ................................................ eleven 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 11 12 12 14 25 SP 12-101-98 INTRODUCTION Technical rules for the production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster for insulation were developed in accordance with the System of Regulatory Documents in Construction (SNiP 10-01-94 ) and are advisory in nature. During their development, modern achievements of science, engineering and technology, domestic and foreign experience were used. Given the novelty of this method of work, the Code of Practice establishes general requirements for the elements of external thermal insulation of buildings and technological processes for the production of work on its installation. Appendix A gives the most common technological schemes for the production of works and controlled parameters of the elements of this coating. At the same time, it provides for the independence of enterprises and organizations in the choice of methods, design schemes and the level of thermal protection of the building, which should be decided at the stage of developing design estimates and approving it in the prescribed manner. For consultations, please contact the Open Joint-Stock Company “Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes”, at the address: 113403, Moscow, Stupinsky proezd, 6a, tel. 38521-77. SP 12-101-98 Code of design and construction Rules for the production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plastering Technical Rules for Production of External Thermal Insulation of Build Plaster Applied Technical rules for the installation of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are designed to increase the thermal protection of external building envelopes of residential and public buildings and structures made of concrete, brick and natural stone in order to bring them into line with the requirements of SNiP 11- 3-79* “Construction heat engineering” (with amendment No. 3, approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 11. 08.95 No. 18-81 and change No. 4, approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 19.01.98 No. 18-8). 2 REGULATORY REFERENCES These Rules use references to the following documents: SNiP 11-3-79* “Construction Heat Engineering” (ed. 1998) construction of enterprises, buildings and structures” SNiP 3.01.01-85* “Organization of construction production” GOST 27320-87 “Expansion plugs for construction. Design” GOST 28456-90 “Expansion dowels for construction and assembly. General specifications” GOST 26998-86 “Polyamide dowels for construction. Specifications” GOST 1144-80 “Screws with a semicircular head. Design and dimensions” GOST 10450-78 “Reduced washers. Accuracy classes A and C. Specifications” GOST 16962-71 “Products of electronic engineering and electrical engineering. Mechanical and climatic influences. Requirements and test methods” GOST 15588-86 “Polystyrene foam boards. Specifications” GOST 9573-96 “Heat-insulating slabs of mineral wool on a synthetic binder. Specifications” GOST 27321-87 “Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation works. Specifications”. 3 GENERAL PROVISIONS 3.1 These Rules establish general provisions for the production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation and organizational and technological solutions that must be observed when designing, performing and accepting this type of work. 3.2 External thermal insulation is a structural element of the building and is a multilayer structure consisting of slab insulation fixed to the wall surface using a highly adhesive adhesive and (or) mechanical fastening, a reinforced bottom layer of plaster and a decorative and protective coating. 3.3 Since the external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation is considered non-traditional, the main structural elements of this system should be made only from certified materials provided for by the project. Replacement of structural materials without agreement with the design organization and the customer does not guarantee the quality of the work performed in accordance with these Rules. 3.4 The estimated service life of the thermal insulation coating is determined by the design organization and must be at least 20 years. 3.5 These Rules may also be used in the preparation of training manuals in the vocational training system. 4 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK 4.1 The production of external thermal insulation should be started only after carrying out work on the survey and collection of information about the building, testing the wall surface for adhesion of the adhesive, developing design estimates and issuing the appropriate permission for the performance of work, signed by the customer and the organization performing thermal insulation work. 4.2 The installation of each subsequent element of the heat-insulating layer should be carried out after checking the quality of the performance of the corresponding underlying element and drawing up an inspection report for hidden work. When preparing the base surface, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of Table 1. INSULATION STICKER 4.4. For external thermal insulation of the building, slab insulation of varying degrees of rigidity and fire resistance, provided for by the project, should be used (see section 7). Before sticking the insulation, it is necessary to make sure that there is a certificate and conformity. operations: Identified flaws in the slab insulation, the wall surface that does not have decorative elements (bending, deformation, incorrect dimensions, damage to the coatings must be thoroughly washed) must be eliminated. water using high-pressure units and 4.5 The adhesive is applied, as a rule, dried. If there are oil stains or on the insulation plate, one of the following methods of other types of pollution should be used (Figure A1): clean or treat with special beacon - used in cases where you need to neutralize them; the wall surface has irregularities up to 1 cm. the old plaster must be checked. The adhesive is applied to the surface by tapping over the entire surface, knocked into the insulation in the form of beacons at the rate of 8-10 places where voids are found and restored; beacons on a plate measuring 0.5 x 1 m; irregularities and differences of more than 1 cm should be a strip - it is used in cases where it has been eliminated and the cracks have been puttied; the surface of the wall has irregularities up to 0.5 cm. paint coatings (enamel, lacquer, the adhesive is applied to the plate in the form of plastic) should be examined for salt along the perimeter (2 cm from the edge), and then compatibility with the adhesive composition of the insulation. radina. Strips around the perimeter should have In case of incompatibility of these compositions or when there are gaps, so that when the plate is pasted, the chemical composition of the old paints is unknown, air “plugs” fall out. it is necessary to completely remove the paint pock These two methods allow compensating for digging. For this, the following surface irregularities are recommended. At the same time, cleaning methods: dry sandblasting, the adhesive composition must cover at least 70 ka; wet sandblasting; mechanical surface of the insulation; cleaning; thermal removal (annealing); solid - used when superchemical flushing. the validity of the base has no deviations. Adhesive on the surface of the base must be fired over the entire surface of the slab (solid primed with a special composition indicated in the sticker) and leveled with a spatula project, without gaps and gaps. With ogruns teeth 6-8 mm long. I level the surface of the wall in places 4.6. To ensure the high quality of the adhesive screeds, it should be carried out after the insulation has been peeled off and its heat engineering of the solution has been preserved and the leveling properties have dried, it is necessary to observe the following layer. General conditions: The primer must have a strong adhesion after applying the adhesive to the insulation board with the base; well, 1-2 cm in order to avoid its penetration into the joints when sticking; Table 1 Technical Requirements cement-sand 2 ± 10 mm No more than two 4% 5% Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements per 2 every 100 m of surface The same Measuring, at least 2 measurements per 100 m of surface, registration immediately after applying the adhesive to the slab should be glued to the surface. To ensure a snug fit of the slab to the base, it must first be applied to the wall surface at a distance of 2-3 cm from the design position, and then pressed with a wooden trowel with an offset to the design position; when gluing insulation boards, it is necessary to ensure “dressing” of joints (like brickwork); do not allow the width of the gap at the joints between the plates to be more than 2 mm, and fill the wider gaps with specially cut strips from the material of the same insulation. Filling open joints with plaster or glue is not allowed (Figure A2); the deviation between the plates in thickness should not exceed 3 mm; at the junction of the insulation with the existing building structures, leave an open joint about 15 mm wide, which must be filled with waterproof mastic. DEVICE OF REINFORCED LOWER LAYER OF PLASTER 4.7. The device of the reinforced lower layer of plaster is started after the adhesive composition, which fixes the position of the insulation, has hardened and its strong adhesion to the base has been achieved, but not earlier than 24 hours after gluing. 4.8 The reinforced lower layer of plaster is carried out according to the project in the following sequence: break the wall surface into grips; before gluing, mark and cut fiberglass mesh rolls to fit the dimensions of the grip, ensuring that the size of their overlap when gluing is observed: apply an even and smooth layer of plaster composition on the insulation over the grip area; immediately after applying the first layer of plaster, put a sheet of reinforcing mesh on the surface and drown it in the mortar with a wooden grater, avoiding wrinkles; make a technological break lasting 10-24 hours (specified by the project), SP 12-101-98 and then mechanically fasten the insulation to the wall surface. To do this, it is necessary to pre-drill holes in the wall through the insulation, insert anchor devices into them and fix the insulation plate using screws with a wide head (see 4.9-4.13); apply a second layer of plaster composition in the same way as the first. When applying the second layer of plaster, make sure that the caps (heads) of the dowels are hidden. Note - Mechanical fastening of insulation boards can be carried out before laying the reinforcing mesh. In this case, the technological break is not arranged. Additional measures: the reinforcing mesh should be applied vertically, provided that the meshes overlap by a width of 100 mm; it is not allowed to chop off the reinforcing mesh at the corners and at the junction with a spatula; Strictly adhere to the norms for the consumption of materials established by the project. When installing a reinforced bottom layer of plaster, the requirements of Table 2 must be observed. fastening is carried out after laying the reinforcing mesh. It is recommended to carry out work on the mechanical fastening of the heat-insulating layer in three ways. 4.10. The first method is fastening with expansion dowels for construction according to GOST 27320 and GOST 28456. The diameter of the dowel-sleeve and the depth of the hole where the dowel is inserted are determined by calculation at the stage of development of design estimates. Table 2 Technical requirements Thickness of the plaster layer, mm: first - 3.5 second - 4 Width of overlapping of panels of reinforcing mesh - 100 mm Permissible deviations of the surface of the plaster layer (when checking with a two-meter rail): horizontally vertically Maximum deviation ± 10% ± 15% ± 10% Control (method, volume, type of registration) Measuring, technical inspection, at least 5 measurements for every 1002 m of surface. Observation map Same Same ± 7 mm ± 5 mm 3 SP 12-101-98 The installation of the dowel-sleeve should be carried out in the following sequence: 1. Marking holes for the dowel-sleeve. 2. Drilling holes in the base using a rotary percussion power tool or diamond drill bits with a dust suction rotor. 3. Cleaning the hole from drilling dust by blowing with compressed air (if the hole is drilled without dust extraction). 4. Driving the sleeve into the hole using a special nozzle. The end face of the sleeve after driving should not protrude above the surface of the base. 5. Driving the conical element into the bushing hole using a special nozzle specified in paragraph 4. The length of the special nozzle should be selected taking into account the thickness of the insulation plate. The end of the driving process of the element must correspond to the moment of contact between the end ledge of the nozzle and the end of the bushing. 6. Screwing into the dowel-sleeve of a special bolt with a wide round head (plate) with a slot. 7. The length of the bolt shaft should be determined taking into account the thickness of the insulation board to be fixed. 8. The length of the screwing section of the thread of the bushing and the bolt must be at least 1.5 - 2.0 of the nominal thread diameter. 9. Screw the head of the bolt to the stop, ensuring a snug fit of the head to the insulation. The operations for installing the dowel-sleeve and fixing the slab insulation with reinforced plaster should be performed according to Figure A5. 4.11. The second method is fastening with a polyamide dowel for construction in accordance with GOST 26998. The type, parameters, design and dimensions of the polyamide dowel are determined by calculation and specified (if necessary) after trial tests. The delivery set of dowels should include screws and washers in accordance with GOST 1144 and GOST 10450. Checking the pull-out force of the dowel should be carried out using a dynamometer, which allows to ensure and measure this force applied along the dowel axis, with a division value of not more than 50 N. In addition to the force test pull-out, polyamide dowels should be tested for heat and cold resistance in accordance with GOST 16962. The installation of a polyamide dowel for construction and fixing the slab insulation with screws should be carried out in the sequence shown in Figure A6. 4.12. The third method is fastening with the help of special plastic dowels of the “dish-shaped” type with a metal rod. This method is most effective when fixing insulation boards before laying the reinforcing mesh. For this method of fastening, dowels of the German company EI0T, approved for use in the prescribed manner, can be used. When mechanically fastening the insulation boards with the help of special plastic plate-type dowels, the requirements of Table 3 must be observed. 4.13. When installing mechanical fastening of insulation boards using plastic dish-shaped dowels, the following conditions must be observed: the reinforced layer of plaster must adhere well to the dish-shaped head of the dowel and not peel off; the output of the steel core of the dowel on the surface of the plaster layer is not allowed; the metal parts of the dowel must be well protected against corrosion. Operations for installing plastic plate-type dowels should be carried out according to Figure A7. FINISHING COATING 4.14. Finishing the surface of the building should be started after the completion of work according to Table 3. Specifications The method of drilling holes in the base of the slab, depending on the wall material: concrete - percussive-rotational brick - percussion-rotational, rotary hollow blocks and brick - only rotary Deviations in the diameter of drilling a hole from the design Deviation of the drilling depth of the hole from the design Deviation of the verticality of the drilling of the hole relative to the plane of the base 4 Maximum deviation Control (method, volume, type of registration) Technical inspection. Observation map +5% Measuring, at least 3 measurements 2 for every 100 m of surface. Observation map +10% The same ±2° ” for the installation of a heat-insulating layer, made in compliance with the requirements of paragraphs 4.3 - 4.13. 4.15. Before applying the finishing layer, the top layer of plaster must be primed with the composition specified in the project. The entire area of the facade should be divided into separate sections in order to minimize the places where technological interruptions are inevitable during the application of the finishing coating. It is necessary to provide for painting the joints between the sections with paint with a smooth transition of tone. 4.16 It is preferable to use compositions and rough coating technology for the finishing layer. This method of finishing allows you to hide the flaws of the base and improve the appearance of the coating. Methods and methods of performing work on finishing the facade of the building should be determined by the project. In all cases, the finishing coating must be vapor-permeable. A fragment of the external thermal insulation of the building with thin plaster over the insulation and the controlled parameters are shown in Figure A8. PECULIARITIES OF PROCESSING OPENINGS, CORNERS AND OTHER PLACES OF CONNECTION The basement of the building 4.17 The external thermal insulation of the building ends, as a rule, at a height of 65-70 cm from the ground surface. If it is necessary to insulate also the lower part of the wall and its recessed part, you should: apply the same insulation as for the entire system and make a reinforced bottom layer of plaster; perform waterproofing of the basement of the building, for example, on the basis of a bitumen emulsion without the presence of polystyrene solvents; additionally protect the lower part of the building from mechanical influences, for example, using asbestos-cement slabs; carry out a protective visor and mechanical fastening of the asbestos-cement slab using screw dowels. Fragments of the device of the heat-insulating layer of the basement of the building and the controlled parameters are shown in Figures A9 and A10. Edges of corners 4.18. To protect the edges of the corners from chipping, they are protected by installing a perforated corner profile made of aluminum or galvanized steel. The corners are planted on the adhesive composition directly on the insulation along the entire height of the wall (with the exception of the lower part). The reinforced lower layer of plaster is performed in the usual way over the corner. In the lower part of the wall, the corners must be placed on the adhesive over the reinforced reinforcement, after which they are covered with ordinary reinforcement and plaster mortar (figure A11). SP 12-101-98 Fastening corners to the wall surface with dowels (nails) is not allowed. 4.19. In places where the insulation is adjacent to the structural elements of the building, its vertical and horizontal edges are protected from the side with perforated profiles made in the form of a channel. This profile is pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. Insulation plates are inserted into the fixed profile. All other technological operations are carried out according to the standard scheme. 4.20 The perforated profile into which the insulation boards are inserted is also used as a support at the bottom of the wall or on balconies. It is installed so that the lower edge of the insulation is 10-15 mm from the floor. This gap is covered with a protective plate (ceramic tile) glued to the surface after finishing the insulating layer. Adjacencies to parapets, cornices 4.21 The upper part of the heat-insulating coating and its adjunctions to parapets and cornices should be made according to the following schemes. The upper edge of the insulation on the pediment, made according to the usual technology, is either covered with a metal protective visor fixed to the wall with screws with sealing washers, or protected by edge tiles (Figure A12). In the presence of a cornice, the upper edge of the insulation at the junction is protected by perforated profiles, which are pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. The gap between the cornice and the insulation is filled with waterproof mastic (Figure A13). Processing of openings 4.22 Processing of openings (window, door) is one of the most important operations and must be performed before starting work on the installation of the main thermal insulation coating. The most common way to arrange a window opening is the “with a quarter” option. Before proceeding with the insulation sticker, the window opening around the perimeter is framed with a metal box. To do this, the upper and two side metal L-shaped profiles are installed in the opening, which form a frame for the insulation. The window block remains in the same place. 4.23 Insulation boards are inserted into a metal profile during gluing, which is then covered with reinforced plaster according to the standard scheme. In the case of windows opening outward, metal profiles should not interfere with their opening. When reinforcing the lower layer of plaster at the corners of the opening, additional pieces of mesh are laid on the insulation at an angle of 45 °. 5 SP 12-101.98 4.24. To increase the reliability of the structure, the insulation along the perimeter of the window (door) opening can be laid from plates of increased rigidity and fire resistance. Figure A 14 shows the option of processing window (door) openings with a quarter. 4.25 The design organization may apply another design solution for processing window and door openings, while ensuring the reliability and tightness of the heat-insulating layer. 5 PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY CONTROL 5.1 The process control system for the installation of external thermal insulation of a building with thin plaster over insulation consists in a clear distribution and performance of their functions by all participants in the production process: the customer, the design organization, the contractor and the supplier of building materials. 5.2. The duties of the design organization include: choosing the method and level of thermal protection of the building. If necessary, the customer organizes an examination of the developed design and estimate documentation and heat engineering calculations; selection and coordination of paint colors. If necessary, the selected colors for painting the facades of buildings are agreed with the district architect. 5.3 The customer is obliged to: consider and, after agreement with the contractor, approve the design and estimate documentation; appoint a technical inspector for supervision (as required) and establish his functional responsibilities; check the degree of qualification of masters and specialists and knowledge of these Rules. 5.4. The obligations of the supplier of materials include: supply of materials provided for by the project, having an appropriate certificate and meeting the requirements of these Rules; coordination of the selected colors of coloring, including for cases of using colors of different tonality. 5.5 The obligations of the contractor: to provide the customer with a license for the right to perform work on the external thermal insulation of buildings and give a written obligation to use only approved materials and methods of work; carry out tests for adhesion of the adhesive composition and tear resistance of dowels and present the results to the customer; keep a log of work performed; agree on the scope of work; develop and submit a detailed project for the production of works (if it is not provided for in the design and estimate documentation). In particular, at the stage of PPR, the methods of performing work and the means of scaffolding should be determined. Particular attention is paid to the protection of workplaces from harmful atmospheric influences (rain, wind, direct sunlight). The production of thermal insulation work should be carried out, as a rule, only if there is a rigid base (scaffolding, mobile scaffolding); provide an insurance certificate for the work performed; in the course of work: comply with the requirements for climatic conditions and the conditions for the production of work contained in the design and estimate documentation and these Rules. 5.6 Control over the quality of work performance should be carried out by engineering and technical employees of the customer's service or a specially appointed technical inspector for supervision. 5.7 The main responsibilities of the quality control service are: checking the tightness of the building's external thermal insulation system, compliance with the requirements of design estimates and work rules; checking the preparation of the substrate (in particular, the quality of the removal of old paint and other coatings) and the measures taken to treat characteristic areas; instrumental verification of the controlled parameters of individual elements of external thermal insulation in accordance with Appendix A; identification of cases of violation of the quality of work and the issuance of recommendations for their elimination; verification of compliance with technological regulations during the performance of work in hard-to-reach places and junctions; control over the implementation of measures to protect workplaces from atmospheric influences (in particular, work cannot be carried out on a damp base, at temperatures below +5 ° C, in strong winds, on surfaces brightly lit by the sun). 5.8 The technical inspector for supervision draws up a work observation chart, enters into it all the comments and violations identified in the course of the work. This map is intended to accumulate all identified and eliminated violations and facilitates the acceptance of thermal insulation works after their completion. 6 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS ON THE PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION AND PROJECT OF WORKS 6.1 The basis of design documentation for the installation of external thermal insulation of a building with thin plaster over insulation is: the adopted design of the thermal insulation coating (section "Architectural and construction solutions"); project of work production; budget documentation. The specified documentation must meet the requirements of SNiP 11-01-95 and SNiP 3.01.01-85*. 6.2 When concluding an agreement (contract) for the development of project documentation and design assignments, the following conditions must be taken into account: these Rules apply to the installation of a heat-insulating coating for external enclosing structures of residential and public buildings made of the following materials: concrete (monolithic, prefabricated panels), brick ( with or without plaster), wall blocks (with or without plaster); at the stage of pre-project work, a survey of the building should be carried out and initial materials for design should be prepared, including: the type and condition of the building, its measurement drawings, features of the facade relief, ledges and drops, window and door openings and their design features, the presence of drainpipes, ventilation grilles and electrical inputs, expansion joints, details of the roof and the basement of the building, etc. Particular attention is paid to the condition of the surface of the enclosing structures of buildings, the presence of old protective coatings, paints, cracks, leaks and local destruction on them; the choice of the method and level of thermal insulation of the building should be carried out on the basis of thermal calculations performed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 11-3-79 *, as well as the actual state of thermal protection of the building envelope. Note - For a preliminary assessment of the value of the reduced thermal resistance of the outer wall (R0), you can use the data in Table 4. Before the approval of the project, it is necessary to test samples of the selected type of insulation for adhesion of the adhesive to the base surface; when developing estimate documentation, it should be detailed according to the following types of work: preparation of the base, sticker and fixing of insulation, installation of a reinforced lower layer of plaster, finishing coating, installation of scaffolding (scaffolding) and technological equipment, measures for protection against atmospheric and solar influences, processing of special areas ( removal and installation of drainpipes, basement of the building, junctions, protective peaks), fire safety measures, etc. ; the color of the finishing and decorative layer is preferably made from light-colored compositions, especially for painting facades on the east and south sides. Compositions of dark tones should be allowed for shaded areas of the facade (north side, loggias, etc.). Also, do not allow too contrasting combination of tones on one facade. 6.3 When developing a project for the production of works, the following additional requirements should be taken into account: for the installation of external thermal insulation of a building, only certified materials and products from among those specified in Section 7 should be used; work must be carried out from a rigid base (scaffolding, scaffolding); in the absence of artificial protective coatings of the workplace, work should be stopped under the following circumstances: at an ambient temperature below +5 ° C, on surfaces brightly lit by the sun, in strong winds, when rain moisture hits the wall surface; develop a program for carrying out the necessary control tests and regime observations, including methods of technical control over the quality of work: develop a list of machines, tools and technological equipment for mandatory use in the production of work on the external thermal insulation of a building; to provide in technological maps (schemes) for the implementation of individual structural elements of external thermal insulation the most rational solutions for breaking down the facade of the building into sections, minimizing technological breaks and butt joints. 7 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES 7.1 MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS 7.1.1 Priming compositions (primer). They are used to treat the surface of walls and the plaster layer in order to improve adhesion to the adhesive composition and finishing coating (the recipe composition is determined at stage 7 of SP 12-101-98 design and specified based on the results of adhesion tests of the adhesive composition). 7.1.2 Dry adhesive mixture for gluing insulation to the wall surface (recipe No. 51). Manufactured by AOOT “Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes” (Moscow) according to TU 5745-00305668056-93, certificate of conformity No. GOST R 9016.1.3.0001. It is a cement-mineral composition containing a complex of chemical additives with a different spectrum of action, including polymeric ones. Supplied in paper bags weighing 50 kg, prepared at the construction site by mechanized mixing with water. Warranty period of storage - 6 months. Fire and explosion proof. After kneading, let stand for 5 minutes. 7.1.3 Dry plaster mix (leveling) for thermal insulation systems (recipe No. 52). Manufactured by JSC “Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes” (Moscow) according to TU 5745-00305668056-93, certificate of conformity No. GOST R 9016.1.3.0002. It is used for the device of the lower reinforced layer of plaster. It is produced in dry form based on white cement, mineral filler and a complex of chemical additives, including hydrophobic ones. Supplied in 50 kg paper bags. It is prepared at the construction site by mixing with water in a mechanized way. Fire and explosion proof. After kneading, let stand for 5 minutes. 7.1.4 Finishing materials. The type of textured finish and color solution are determined at the design stage. For the device of a decorative rough coating, it is recommended to use a dry mix produced by JSC “Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes”, which is made according to recipe No. 50. According to its recipe composition, this mixture is similar to a plaster composition with the addition of mineral alkali-resistant pigments. It is allowed to combine technological processes for the device of the lower layer of thin plaster and decorative coating from a single material. Physical and mechanical characteristics of adhesive and plaster compositions are given in Table 5. Table 5 Plaster compositions Indicator 1. Compressive strength, MPa 2. “Open” time of use, min 3. Adhesion to the base, MPa 4. Linear shrinkage, % 5. Frost resistance , F 6. Combustibility 7. Vapor permeability Adhesive (review No. 51) 15.0 1.5 0.55 75 + Leveling (plaster) (review No. 52) 12.0-15.0 Not less than 25 1.0 0 ,4 50 Non-combustible + Plaster-decorative (rec. No. 50) 10.0-12.0 0.9 0.4 50 + 7.1.5 Insulation. For the arrangement of external thermal calculations, the standards for the required heat and heat insulation of buildings, the heat transfer coefficient for the given region (R0 insulator. The type of slab insulation and its core) should be used, the actual state of the external fire indicators (density, moisture capacity, heat-transfer structures of the building. conductivity, compressibility, fire resistance) Examples of the use of insulation boards are determined by the project on the basis of heat engineering given in Table 6. Table 6 Heat Insulation C Expanded polystyrene slabs Outer surface of walls 40 0.041 (GOST 15588) Rigid mineral wool slabs Framing of window and door openings 180 0.076, basement of the building (GOST 9573) Mineral wool slabs on the core “Parok”) 8 SP 12-101-98 Table 6 continuation Insulation Perlitoplast concrete (TU 480-1-145-74) Recommended area of application Density, kg/m Basement part of the building, fire barriers 3 Thermal conductivity coefficient 20 , W / m C 0.080 Note - It is possible to use other heat-insulating materials, including imported ones, which have an appropriate certificate and meet certain requirements in terms of basic indicators. The boards must be of a dense structure, the presence of free non-cohesive granules or fibers is unacceptable. During transportation, storage and installation, the insulation boards must be protected from moisture and contamination. 7.1.6 Armature. As a reinforcement, a fiberglass mesh of a regular and reinforced profile, manufactured according to TU 648-00204961-29-93, is used. A special armored mesh has increased rigidity, its weight is 2,400-700 g/m. This reinforcement is designed to protect the surface that can be subjected to mechanical stress (basement of the building, entrances to entrances, descents to basements, etc.). Ordinary fiberglass mesh with square cells 5x5 mm in size is more flexible, its weight is 150-200 g/m. It is used to protect insulation on most of the building surface (see Figure A3 and A4). The mesh must be alkali-resistant or treated with alkali-resistant compounds. The mesh is supplied in rolls, transported in covered vehicles and must be stored in closed, dry rooms. In accordance with the project, a lightweight metal mesh (weighing no more than 2 2.5 kg/m) can be used as a reinforcing layer. It is advisable to use a metal mesh when reinforcing corners, the basement of a building, where the heat-insulating layer adjoins parapets, cornices, pilasters and other structural elements of the building. 7.1.7 Metal products. For mechanical fastening of the insulation to the wall surface, spacer dowels are used according to GOST 27320 and GOST 28456, polyamide dowels for construction according to GOST 26998, as well as screws, screws and other hardware products. In addition, in the system of external thermal insulation of buildings, several types of sheet metal elements of an angle or box profile are used, which are made of perforated sheet aluminum or galvanized steel. The type and number of these elements is determined by the project. 7.2 SCAFFOLDINGS, SCAFFOLDS Production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster over insulation should be carried out using rigid bases (tubular scaffolding, mobile scaffolding, etc., Appendix 5). Only in this way can the stability of the workplace be ensured, which, in turn, will create conditions for good quality insulation stickers, as well as other operations: installing reinforcing mesh, plastering, installing dowels and metal products from an angle or box profile, applying decorative and finishing coatings. Suspended scaffolds, cradles, being unstable, can introduce violations into the technological regulations for the production of works, which will lead to a deterioration in the quality and a decrease in the reliability of the heat-insulating layer. Their use is allowed only in hard-to-reach places and in limited areas. In addition, the design of scaffolding and scaffolding should provide the possibility of using various film and mesh coatings to protect and enclose the workplace from atmospheric influences. It is recommended to use the following types of scaffolding and scaffolding indicated in Table 7. Table 7 Scaffolding and scaffolding Universal scaffolding LSPKh40 for finishing work on building facades, made in accordance with GOST 27321 Brief description Developer, manufacturer Design: tubular, attached, collar. TsNIIOMTP The maximum height of the scaffolding is 40 m. The step of the tier is 2 m. The step of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m. The width of the tier (passage) is 1.25 m. 2 Regulatory surface load - 200 kgf/m. The flooring is wooden. 2 Weight of the set -16.3 tons per 1000 m2 of facade area 9 SP 12-101-98 Table 7 continued , wedge. The maximum height of the scaffolding is 40 m. The pitch of the tier is 2 m. The pitch of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m. The width of the tier (passage) is 1.25 m. The normative surface load is 200 kgf / m2. The weight of the set is 11.3 tons per 1000 m2 of the facade area Design: the working platform is mounted on two telescopic columns mounted on a caterpillar undercarriage. Platform loading capacity - 600 kg. The dimensions of the platform are 5.2x2.0 m. The maximum lifting height is 12m. Weight - 5 t Design: the working platform is mounted on a telescopic polescoping tower mounted on a frame, movable on a pneumatic wheel with a pneumatic wheel travel. Loading capacity to the course of a platform - 250 kg. Platform dimensions - 3x1.5 m. Maximum lifting height - 15 m. Weight - 4.5 t. Mobile scaffolding PVS-12 Mytishchi OMZ Karacharovsky Mechanical Plant tools, which not only facilitate work and increase productivity, but are also one of the conditions for the quality of work (table 8). Table 8 Means of mechanization Brand, GOST Purpose, brief description Mortar mixer SO-46B TU 22-5724-84 Electric drill with a special nozzle IE-1023A TU 22-5841-84 Screw mortar pump PUTZKNEKHT S48 For applying a plaster composition to the surface. Productivity - 5-30 l / min, pressure - 3 MPa, power - 5.5 kW, weight - 170 kg Electric hammer drill IE-1511BE, IE-4717 For drilling holes in the base of the thermal insulation coating. Power - 0.5 kW, two-speed, drilling diameter - 13mm Electric screwdriver IE-3604E For screwing in dowels when fixing insulation boards. Tightening torque -10 Nm, power - 0.23 kW High pressure painting unit Finish-211 10 For the preparation of adhesive and plaster compositions from dry mixes at the workplace. Capacity - 80 l, power - 1.5 kW, weight - 200 kg For the preparation of adhesive compositions from dry mixes. Power - 0.6 kW, weight - 3.9 kg For washing the surface of the base and applying the paint composition. Working pressure - 25 MPa, weight - 75 kg SP 12-101-98 Continuation of table 8 Means of mechanization Trowel and notched trowel with square teeth 6-10 mm wide Brand, GOST Purpose, brief description For applying and leveling the adhesive on the surface of the insulation board Wooden graters and slats For pressing insulation boards and the base surface during gluing Hacksaw For cutting insulation boards and cutting out insulation plates to fill voids Planer, emery cloth For cleaning the edges of insulation boards Ordinary scissors For cutting reinforcing mesh Scissors for metal For cutting metal boxes Stainless steel trowels For recessing the reinforcing mesh into the plaster layer Plastic trowels and embossed rollers For the installation of a decorative finishing layer A set of tools and accessories for performing tin works Angle grinder, industrial electric dryer IE-2110 IE-2107 8 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS Effect of outdoor thermal insulation of buildings is formed in several ways: 8.1. Thermal energy is saved by increasing the thermal protection of the external building envelope. 8.2. The pollution of the environment is reduced, as emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are reduced. 8.3. Improved thermal comfort indoors. In the absence of thermal insulation, the inner surface of the outer wall becomes much colder than the air temperature in the room, which leads to increased air convection. The tenant perceives this as a draft and vya) External wall without thermal insulation For the installation of metal boxes at the junction of insulation, framing window and door openings, etc. For mechanical cleaning and annealing, it is necessary, in order to compensate, to raise the temperature inside the room to 21-23 ° C. When the wall is insulated, the temperature difference between the wall surface and the indoor air is very small, there is practically no air convection and the occupant feels comfortable at a lower temperature (18-20 °C). In summer, the heat-insulated walls of the building do not warm up (especially on the sunny side), and the air temperature inside the building does not rise above 23-25 °C. 8.4. The reliability of the operation of the enclosing structures of buildings and their durability increase, since after the application of the external thermal protection of the building, the “dew point” moves from the internal section of the wall to the outside, which is clearly seen in Figure 1. b) External wall with thermal insulation 75 mm thick Figure 1 - Temperature curve in winter 11 SP 12-101-98 8.5. Only vapor-permeable materials are used in the design of the building's thermal protection (water vapor diffusion resistance coefficient is not more than 10-15), due to which no harmful condensate is formed on the wall surface and inside it, which can increase heat loss through the building wall. 8.6. Increased soundproofing of the building. For example, the sound insulation index of a wall made of silicate brick 25 cm thick with a glued heat-insulating layer 40-45 mm thick increases from 49 to 52 dB. 9 MAINTENANCE OF EXTERNAL THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS 9.1. As part of the design and estimate documentation, there should be instructions (instructions) for the care of the external thermal insulation of building facades. In order for the thermal insulation system to retain its stability and properties, it is necessary to control it for tightness and appearance. Particular attention should be paid to such structural elements as: the lower, basement part of the wall; condition and protection of the upper part of the thermal insulation (parapets, cornices); the quality of sealing the corners of the building, openings and joints; absence of deformations on the surface of the facades (bloating, cracking, etc.). 9.2 Identified violations of the appearance of thermal insulation should be classified according to two criteria: natural aging of the finishing coating (slight cracking of a thermal or shrinkage nature, change in shade), which does not affect the stability of the system as a whole; damage to individual elements of the system, which can lead to degradation of sections or the entire thermal insulation system. 9.3. In relation to the heat-insulating coating of building facades, the following precautions should be taken: prohibit sports games near building facades (for example, tennis ball when the insulated wall is used as a target or reflective surface); protect the wall surface when working on facades from ladders; provide for measures so that when parking cars near the building there is no possibility of mechanical damage to the wall surface; it is necessary to maintain in working condition all the ventilation devices of the building, ensuring the evacuation of moist air from the interior. 12 9.4. It should be remembered that the natural aging of the finishing layer is accelerated in an aggressive atmospheric environment, which is created by an industrial zone, city vehicles, sea surf, the proximity of abundant vegetation (forest), causing green plaque, etc. 9.5. If serious violations appear on the surface of the heat-insulating layer, it is necessary to contact professionals and follow their recommendations for eliminating the identified defects. 10 POSSIBLE CASES OF VIOLATION OF THE QUALITY OF WORK PRODUCTION, THEIR CONSEQUENCES AND MEANS OF ELIMINATION 10.1 The technology for installing external thermal insulation of buildings for domestic practice is relatively new, therefore, a number of production violations are inevitable, which reduce the quality of the entire thermal insulation system. 10.2. It is recommended that the first experiments in the region on the arrangement of external thermal insulation of buildings be carried out under the supervision of specially appointed technical workers, who subsequently should be assigned the functions of monitoring the state of the thermal insulation coating of buildings, as well as summarizing the identified defects and violations. 10.3 The distribution of defects and violations of the heat-insulating coating of building facades by terms of manifestation and types of violations is characterized by the indicators given in tables 9 and 10. acceptance of works by years: first 30 second 30 third 15 fourth 8 fifth 5 sixth 2 * The data are given from materials of foreign experience. SP 12-101-98 Table 10 Types of violations Specific gravity, % The main causes of the violations identified Complete peeling and chipping12 1. Insulation boards were glued without preliminary cleaning of the base 2. Poor-quality adhesive composition 3. Mechanical fastening was not used Partial peeling of the system10 Water penetration due to poor protection of the system from above (cornices) and in the places of window openings, water penetrated through the junctions with characteristic sections of the wall (pilasters, corbels, etc.) through system 1. Poor choice of coating color (too dark Microcracks and non-fil25 color and too contrasting colors) rubbing cracks 2. Large differences at the joints of the insulation boards and, as a result, a large difference in the thickness of the plaster layer 3. Wide gaps were allowed between the insulation boards, which were filled with plaster solution 4. Non-overlapping of the joints of the reinforcing mesh Peeling (swelling) 1. Error of the supplier of the primer composition (in the quality of the finishing layer, as well as as a solvent, white spirit was used from the plaster layer with a juice content of hydrogen sulfide, which dissolved the foamed polystyrene base by migration) 2. Violation of the production regulations for climatic conditions (work was carried out in cold, rain, frost) 1. Large differences in the thickness of the insulation boards Defects in appearance 10 2. Moldiness of the finishing layer caused by a humid environment (forest zone, proximity to the sea) 3. Difference in shades of the painted surface due to due to poor selection of color composition 4. Rust spots caused by corrosion of mechanical fastening elements (dowels, boxes, corners, etc.) Lack of protection and film coating 10.4 Ways to eliminate identified defects and damage Insulation layer damage: complete or partial delamination of the thermal insulation layer must be repaired by cutting out the damaged areas, completely cleaning the base and restoring the entire system in this place from new elements using conventional technology. The edges of the new reinforcing mesh should be slipped under the old reinforcement, bending, if possible, its exposed edges; places for moisture filtration must be opened, filled with sealing mastics (compatible in composition with the main elements of the system) and covered with a decorative layer; exfoliated (swollen) sections of the plaster and finishing layer are removed, and in their place a reinforced plaster layer and a decorative coating are restored from the same materials as the thermal insulation system itself. 10.5 The restored sections of the coating must comply with the requirements for the heat-insulating layer according to the design estimates. 13 SP 12-101-98 APPENDIX A (recommended) TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEMES OF WORK PRODUCTION AND CONTROLLED PARAMETERS OF INDIVIDUAL COATING ELEMENTS -98 is available. Note - Filling wide gaps between the insulation boards with a plaster (adhesive) composition is not allowed - * Controlled parameter Figure A2 - Sticking the insulation boards on the wall surface using the “bandaging” method 15 SP 12-101-98 Figure A3 - Conventional fiberglass reinforcing mesh * Controlled parameter Figure A4 - Reinforced fiberglass mesh 16 SP 12-101-98 * Controlled parameter Figure A5 - Fastening the insulation plate with dowels and screws 17 SP 12-101-98 * Controlled parameter polyamide and screws 18 SP 12-101-98 * Controlled parameter Figure A7 - Fastening of the insulation plate with plastic plate-type dowels with a metal rod (option: wall material from hollow blocks) 19 SP 12-101-98 * Controlled parameter Figure A8 - a fragment of the external thermal insulation of the building with thin plaster on the insulation 20 SP 12-101-08 * Controlled parameter Figure A9 - Krepl reduction of the heat-insulating layer on the lower part of the wall * Controlled parameter Figure A10 - Fragment of insulation of the lower (and its recessed) part of the building wall 21 SP 12-101-98 1 - primed wall surface; 2 - adhesive composition; 3 - insulation boards; 4 - fiberglass reinforcing mesh (according to the project) *; 5 - lower layer of thin plaster: 6 - finishing decorative layer; 7-metal perforated corner, installed on the adhesive composition (according to the project) * * Controlled parameter Figure A11 - Fragment of the constructive solution for the heat-insulating coating of the corner part of the facade of the building 22 SP 12-101-98 " Controlled parameter parts of the facade * Controlled parameter Figure A13 - Fragment of the junction of the external thermal insulation of the building to the eaves slab 23 SP 12-101-98 * Controlled parameter Figure A14 - Fragment of the junction of the heat-insulating layer to the window opening (option "with a quarter") 24 SP 12-101-98 APPENDIX B (recommended) SCAFFOLDING MEANS UNIVERSAL CLAMP LSPKH-40 ASSEMBLY FROM SEPARATE ELEMENTS) 25 SP 12-101-98 SCAFFOLDS LVS-12 Scaffolding is designed for various construction and installation works at a height of 3.5 to 13.5 m. The scaffolding consists of a caterpillar undercarriage with a variable base and four outriggers, two telescopic columns equipped with extension mechanisms, catchers, a platform with a fence. A crane is installed on the platform. The undercarriage engine is a gasoline-electric unit. This unit and the winches of the column extension mechanisms are located on the upper platform of the undercarriage. In the transport position, the scaffold columns are folded, and the fence and the crane are placed on the platform. Technical characteristics Platform lifting capacity, kg....................... 600 Platform lifting height, mm: minimum.................. ................................. 3.2 largest .............. .................................... 12.0 Time to lift the platform to the highest height, s... ................................................. .120 Platform dimensions, m.................................... 5.0x2.0 Crane lifting capacity, kg. ......................... 100 Horizontal scaffold speed, m/s .............................. ...................... 0.2 Gauge, m ............... ....................... 2.2 Base, m: smallest ............... ............................... 2.6 largest ................ .................................... 2.7 Engine............. .......................... AB-8-T/400M petrol-electric unit Installed power, kW .............................. 9.2 Dimensions of scaffolding in transport position, mm: length .......... ......................... ......................... 5000 width...................... ................................. 2500 height............. ...................................... 3300 Mass, t... ................................................. ............... 5 MANUFACTURER - Mytishchi Experimental Mechanical Plant 141000, Mytishchi, Moscow Region. DEVELOPER - 26 VKTI Montazhstroymekhanizatsiya 113114, Moscow, Kozhevnichesky proezd, 4/5 Scaffolding PVS-12 1 - base: 2 - telescopic column: 3 - platform: 4 - fence; 5 - crane UDC (083.74) Key words: external thermal insulation, thin plaster, insulation, finishing coating, processing of openings, corners, scaffolding. Technical rules for the production of external thermal insulation of buildings with thin plaster for insulation ed. otd. L. F. Zavidonskaya Editor L. N. Kuzmina Technical editor L. Ya. Head Corrector I.N. Gracheva Computer layout A. N. Kafieva Signed for publication on 22.04.98. Format 60x84 1/8. Offset printing l. 3.25 Circulation 1000 copies. Order No. 730 State Unitary Enterprise TsPP, 127238, Moscow, Dmitrovskoe sh., 46, bldg. 2, tel. 482-42-94 Subscription code 50.1.12