For the first time, the dangerous effect of electromagnetic fields of power lines on the human body was discovered in the 60s of the last century. After careful studies of the health status of people who are in close contact with power lines in industrial conditions, scientists have discovered alarming facts. Almost all examined persons complained of increased fatigue, irritability, memory and sleep disorders.
To all of the above symptoms that occur in a person after frequent contact with electromagnetic waves of industrial frequency, one can safely add depression, migraine, disorientation in space, muscle weakness, problems with the cardiovascular system, hypotension, visual impairment, atrophy of color perception, decreased immunity, potency, changes in blood composition, etc. etc. The list can be continued with a number of physiological disorders and all kinds of diseases.
Very often, people living near power lines experience cancer, serious reproductive disorders, as well as the so-called electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome. It is rather scary to hear reports of studies by some foreign scientists on the impact of high-voltage power lines on the health of our children. For example, Swedish and Danish researchers found that children living up to 150 meters from power lines, substations and subways (!), are twice as likely to get leukemia, and almost every one of them has disorders of the nervous system.
In some countries, there is such a medical term as electromagnetic allergy. People suffering from it have the opportunity to change their place of residence to another, located as far as possible from sources of electromagnetic radiation. And all this is officially sponsored by the government! How do I comment on the power industry about the possible danger posed by power lines? First of all, they insist that the voltage of electric current in power lines can be different, and therefore one should distinguish between safe and dangerous voltage. The range of influence of the magnetic field created by the power line is directly proportional to the power of the line itself. A professional offhand determines the voltage class of power lines. You can also have this knowledge. Everything is quite simple - you need to pay attention to the number of wires in the bundle (not on the support itself). So: 2 wires - 330 kV 3 wires - 500 kV 4 wires - 750 kV The lower voltage class of the power transmission line is determined by the number of insulators: 3-5 insulators - 35 kV 6-8 insulators - 110 kV 15 insulators - 220 kV.
In order to protect the population from the harmful effects of power lines, there are special standards that define a certain sanitary zone, conditionally starting from the outermost wire of the power line projected onto the ground. So: Voltage less than 20 kV - 10 m, 35 kV - 15 m, 110 kV - 20 m, 150-220 kV - 25 m, 330 - 500 kV - 30 m, 750 kV - 40 m. The above standards apply for some reason specifically to Moscow and the Moscow region. Naturally, in accordance with them, building plots are also allocated. The most interesting thing is that these standards do not take into account the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation, and in fact it is sometimes dozens, and sometimes hundreds of times more dangerous to health!
And now WARNING! So that the magnetic field does not affect your health, multiply each of the listed indicators by 10 ... It turns out that the smallest power transmission line is harmless only at a distance of 100 meters! The wires of power lines conceal a voltage that is in maximum contact with the threshold of a corona discharge. In bad weather, this discharge releases a cloud of oppositely charged ions into the atmosphere. The electric field created by them, even at a great distance from power lines, can be much larger than the permissible harmless values.
Quite recently, a new project of the Moscow government on the transfer of some sections of high-voltage power lines underground received a “green light”. The mayor's office plans to put the vacated area under construction. This is where a logical question arises - will underground power lines be safe for people living above them? Will developers call energy specialists to the area planned for housing construction? The electromagnetic radiation of underground power lines and its impact on the human body, unfortunately, is still poorly understood ...
The first to go underground will be power lines located in the districts - Leninsky Prospekt, Prospekt Mira and Schelkovskoye Highway. Further, it is planned to remove under the ground power lines of the North-Eastern Administrative District, namely in Northern and Southern Medvedkovo, as well as in Bibirevo and Altufyevo. These territories have already been put up for sale and are waiting for their investors. In total, there are more than a hundred power lines and open-type electrical substations in the capital. Potential developers of "power lines" lands, and with them the Moscow government, argue that modern technologies will completely isolate electromagnetic radiation. For this, it is planned to use coaxial cables laid in special shielded collectors.
Unfortunately, moving power lines underground is an expensive procedure (costing about 1 million euros per 1 km of cable being laid), and therefore there is no guarantee that developers will not "save". So no one knows whether housing built over power lines will become safe in all respects. Remember, if your house is located very close to power lines (see above for permissible sanitary standards), the most correct decision is to buy a new home located in a safer area!
M16-Real Estate experts are finally ready to give an unequivocal answer whether it is harmful to live near power lines, a thermal power plant, a TV tower, a railway, a hospital, and even a cemetery!
We dispel myths and tell you which objects that are close to you can really damage your health.
TV tower
The TV tower in the city occupies a "tidbit" - on the Aptekarskaya embankment, near Bolshaya Nevka, in the Petrogradsky district. It is all the more offensive to people who believe that living near a TV tower is dangerous and harmful.
From it and the truth is quite powerful magnetic radiation. That's just the emitters are located high, so that the adjacent quarters of the radiation does not affect.
In Russia, the requirements for the safety of citizens living near TV towers are stricter than in European countries
All over the world, there are sanitary standards that establish the permissible maximum level of electromagnetic exposure to public health. And in Russia such norms are even stricter than in European countries. So you can safely settle near the TV tower and enjoy a nice view from the window.
Top new buildings near the TV tower
Skandi Clubb
The business class complex from the Swedish developer Bonava is located in close proximity to the TV tower. It is good that the residents of the Skandi Clubb residential complex were not afraid of such a neighborhood, because the project is really worthwhile: open terraces, deep balconies / loggias, two-level apartments.
Skandi Clubb residential complex implements the best ideas of Scandinavian development
There is a kindergarten in a cozy yard, where cars cannot pass. There are modern playgrounds for recreation. The parking zone is organized under the complex, access is available only to residents. The complex has been delivered.
"Europe City"
The complex was built opposite the previous project and also boasts proximity to the TV tower. The layouts with 1-3 bedrooms are presented in quality and thought out to the smallest detail. And the windows overlook both the well-groomed courtyards and the panorama of the area with a TV tower and the embankment.
From the residential complex "Europe City" a panorama of the Aptekarskaya embankment and TV tower opens
There is a kindergarten in the courtyard, the first two floors are allocated for a shopping gallery and business class infrastructure. Underground parking has been organized for residents, and guests of the complex will be able to leave their cars in open parking lots.
Botanica
Another spectacular business class complex, which got its name due to its proximity to the Botanical Garden. That is, life here is not only safe, but also environmentally friendly.
Open terraces in the residential complex Botanica overlook the botanical garden and the picturesque surroundings
Yes, and just nice! Moreover, apartments with view terraces and other improved characteristics are available to future residents. The buildings are united by a two-story stylobate, which will house a shopping gallery.
industrial zone
Until recently, St. Petersburg was rich in industrial zones. And the location near the “gray belt”, although not the most enviable, is still attractive: this is the Oktyabrskaya embankment with a view of the Neva, and large-scale sites in the Kalininsky district, next to the Europolis shopping center, and the city center - Admiralteisky, Petrogradsky, Central and Vasileostrovsky districts.
The issue of the quality of life in new buildings erected on the site of the former industrial zone is extremely relevant for St. Petersburg residents, because it is precisely through these plots that the city compensates for the lack of land suitable for residential construction. Simply put, large-scale residential complexes are now being built on the site of the former "gray belt".
Experts are in a hurry to reassure all potential buyers of such housing: it is safe to live here. Provided that the developer behaved in good faith and carried out all reclamation work on the site to be built. And this is usually not a problem.
Before starting the implementation of a residential project, the developer carries out reclamation work to improve the local environment
As a rule, before the start of construction, an environmental impact assessment is carried out, the results of which will form the basis for the reclamation plan. In the future, the territory of the complex will be landscaped in order to improve the local ecology.
However, not all industries are toxic. For example, bakeries or weaving factories do not cause environmental damage. Therefore, the construction on the site of these industries does not pose any danger to future residents.
At the same time, such complexes can often cost less than new buildings built on ordinary land. Another plus is a good location: developers are trying to give a "second life" to sites that will be in high demand among buyers. In addition, most of these projects are equipped with their own infrastructure.
The best new buildings that were erected on the site of the former industrial zone
"Civilization"
A large-scale project from LSR Group, which has an excellent location: between Oktyabrskaya Embankment and Dalnevostochny Prospekt, next to the Neva and just a few minutes drive from Prospekt Bolshevikov and Novocherkasskaya metro stations.
LCD "Civilization" will have not only a pleasant view of the Neva, but also its own trade and social cluster
Buyers have access to apartments of classic and European formats, up to 3 separate rooms. A complete renovation has been completed. The first stage has been commissioned, the next one will be completed at the end of 2018. Schools, kindergartens, clinics and even a stadium are being built as part of the complex! There is also a shopping gallery. After commissioning, the complex will become a full-fledged residential area.
"Life-Forest"
A new complex under the LIFE brand from the developer GK Pioneer. It is being built on the site of industrial zones concentrated near the Lesnaya metro station. Includes six residential buildings, a kindergarten and a large commercial area.
Residential complex "Life-Lesnaya" is being built in the inhabited part of the Kalininsky district, next to the metro
Buyers are waiting for a huge range of layouts - from studios to four-room apartments. There are also European layouts. Cleaning finish. The first phase is delivered at the end of the year.
Docklands
Apart-complex on Vasilievsky Island, which is being built next to the existing industrial zone. It is noteworthy that such a neighborhood is extremely beneficial for: the complex is designed in an industrial loft style and the proximity of industrial zones emphasizes the architectural authenticity of the new building. In the future, the place of industrial development will be occupied by business and residential facilities.
Thanks to the loft style, the Docklands residential complex blends harmoniously into the industrial zone of Vasilyevsky Island
The new building includes three residential buildings and a business center. The residential area is being built using advanced technological solutions and the best materials. For buyers, studios, classic and European layouts with 1-4 bedrooms are provided.
Power lines and thermal power plants
Let's start with the combined heat and power plant (CHP). This is indeed a harmful production that pollutes the surrounding area. Emissions contain carcinogens, so living in close proximity to a thermal power plant is really dangerous.
But there is one “but”: all production facilities of this type have sanitary protection zones, within which residential and commercial construction is prohibited. If you open the city map, then make sure that there are no residential buildings near the CHP.
All "life" begins at a safe distance from the object, where even the smallest particles reach. And it's no worse than car exhaust.
Construction of housing near a thermal power plant is prohibited, but options are possible with power lines
With power lines, the situation is ambiguous. The fact is that in Russia the norms of permissible electromagnetic exposure are higher than in other countries. At the same time, there is indeed some harm from electromagnetic fields, but it depends on the magnitude of the current in the wires. Depending on the flux density, the magnetic field can become carcinogenic.
In general, experts believe that if there is an opportunity to settle away from power lines, it is better to use it. If this is not possible, then you should play it safe and contact Rospotrebnadzor. Department specialists will determine the levels of electric and magnetic fields and give their assessment of the safety of life in this location.
Railway
With the railway track, the situation is similar to the CHP - it is really dangerous to live in the immediate vicinity and therefore it is forbidden. According to current regulations, the distance from residential construction to the railway should be at least 100 m. Such a "hundred-meter" is called the exclusion zone.
Although, in order to minimize the negative impact, it is worth settling no closer than 800 meters to the railway track.
The main enemies of life next to the railway are noise, dust and vibrations.
If all the norms and requirements are met, then living near the railway is not dangerous, although not always pleasant. Of the possible negative - noise, dust and vibration. But such new buildings are often located in the central areas of the city.
New buildings located next to the railway
"Royal Capital"
The complex was built next to the Moscow railway station, but at a safe distance from it. And the residents of the buildings overlooking Kremenchugskaya Street do not feel the proximity of the station at all.
LCD "Tsarskaya Stolitsa" is adjacent to the Moscow railway station and the Feodorovsky Cathedral
Handed over in 2016. The last offers with 2-4 rooms remain on sale. The complex houses shops, offices and other commercial establishments.
Quarter "Galaktika"
The project is located next to the Baltic railway station. The distance to the railway is more than 500 meters. The complex is a large-scale development of industrial land, located on the border of the Admiralteisky and Moskovsky districts.
LCD "Galaktika" is being built at a safe distance from the Baltic railway station
Schools and preschool educational institutions, shops and parking lots will appear on the territory. Buyers are offered modern layouts of classic and European formats with 1-3 bedrooms.
Tuberculosis dispensary
There are enough tuberculosis dispensaries in the city, so the question of whether it is dangerous to live near such institutions worries many people. Such dispensaries, for example, are on Studencheskaya Street, Torez Avenue, Sverdlovskaya Embankment and Borovaya Street. And this is not a complete list! At the same time, all dispensaries are adjacent to residential areas.
The territory of TB dispensaries is disinfected, so nothing threatens neighboring houses
Doctors reassure: the necessary sanitary and preventive measures for disinfection are being carried out on the territory of the dispensary. The chance of getting infected here is no higher than in the subway. But still, you should not walk around the territory of the dispensary.
Cemetery
A topic that excites many minds is whether it is possible to live near a cemetery? We don’t know what people are more afraid of - possible mystical incidents or fumes emanating from burials, but experts say that neither the first nor the second is fraught with danger.
The mystical fear of being next to a cemetery is nothing more than a prejudice. Megacities are constantly growing and expanding their borders, while building plots are running out. And on the site of the former cemeteries, entire neighborhoods have already been erected, where, we assure you, life goes on measuredly, calmly and without inexplicable incidents.
Living next to a cemetery can be depressing, but not harmful to health
As for the real, and not the spiritual harm to health, then everything is regulated by the norms of SanPiN. If a crematorium with one furnace operates at the cemetery, then the sanitary protection zone is 500 meters. If the crematorium is designed for two or more furnaces, the distance to the residential area must be at least one kilometer. If there are no crematoria at all, then the minimum distance from residential buildings to the cemetery should not be less than 50 m.
Of the possible disadvantages of such a neighborhood, one can probably single out only the atmosphere of grief that depresses the psyche, but only if the windows overlook the cemetery, and the apartment itself is located on the lower floors. However, if funeral processions do not pass by the windows, then you should not be afraid of such negativity.
New buildings adjacent to cemeteries
"Kaleidoscope"
A comfort class project from LSR Group, built 500 meters from the Theological Cemetery. leased at the end of the year. The last 1-3-room apartments with full finishing remain on sale.
LCD "Kaleidoscope" is being built at a sufficient distance from the Bogoslovsky cemetery
The territory of the complex is closed, all apartments are equipped with intercom. There is a shopping area and landscaped yards.
Valo
The apart-complex from the Finnish company "Lemminkäinen-Rus" is located 450 meters from the Novo-Volkovsky cemetery. Due to the remoteness, surrounding buildings and tall trees, such a neighborhood will not cause discomfort to future residents of the Valo residential complex.
Tall trees and neighboring buildings hide the Novo-Volkovskoye cemetery from the Valo residential complex
The apartments are handed over fully finished and even furnished, which allows them to be purchased for both personal and investment purposes. Layouts - studios and 1-2-room offers. It has its own shopping area with a sports center and a swimming pool.
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Our company OOO "Skhid-budkonstruktsiya", Ukraine, is engaged in the production of various metal products, traverses for reinforced concrete poles of power lines, metal structures for steel poles of power transmission lines.
Power lines during operation create electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency in the adjacent space. The distance over which electromagnetic fields propagate from the wires of the line reaches tens of meters. The range of propagation of the electromagnetic field depends on the magnitude of the voltage of the power transmission line (the number indicating the voltage class is in the name of the transmission line - for example, a 220 kV transmission line), the higher the voltage, the larger the zone of an increased level of the electromagnetic field, while the dimensions of the zone do not change during the operation of the transmission line.
The range of propagation of the magnetic field of a power transmission line depends on the magnitude of the flowing current or on the load of the line. Since the load of the power transmission line can change several times both during the day and with the change of the seasons of the year, the dimensions of the zone of an increased level of the electromagnetic field also change.
The impact of power lines on human health
The electromagnetic fields of power lines are very strong factors influencing the state of all biological objects that fall into their zone of influence. For example, in the zone of the greatest effect of the electric field, near high-voltage power transmission towers and power transmission line traverses, insects show changes in behavior: thus, increased aggressiveness, anxiety, decreased efficiency and productivity, and a tendency to lose queens are recorded in bees; in beetles, mosquitoes, butterflies and other flying insects, a change in behavioral responses is observed, including a change in the direction of movement to the side with a lower field level. Plants often have developmental anomalies - the shapes and sizes of flowers, leaves, stems change, extra petals appear.
A specific feature of the operation of power transmission lines is associated with the effect on the environment of a complex of biological factors of an electromagnetic nature, including:
Variable electromagnetic potential on the wire;
Electrical leakage currents;
Electrical grounding currents in the soil;
Corona discharge;
Ionizing radiation;
Beneath the transmission lines, which extend for many hundreds of kilometers, a large land is allocated, called the "right-of-way".
The influence of the electromagnetic field on the human body
The human body is affected by a long stay in the zone of power lines. Short-term exposure for a few minutes can only affect hypersensitive people or those with certain types of allergies. For example, the works of British scientists in the early 90s are well known, which showed that a number of allergy sufferers develop an epileptic-type reaction of the body under the influence of the electromagnetic field of power lines. With a long stay (months - years) of a person in the electromagnetic field of power lines, diseases can develop mainly of the cardiovascular and nervous systems of the human body. In recent years, human oncological diseases have often been named among the long-term consequences.
The electric field of power lines has the greatest impact on a person in shoes that isolate him from the ground. In this case, a potential is induced on a conductive body of a person isolated from the ground, depending on the ratio of the capacitance of the body to the ground and to the wires of the power transmission line. The smaller the capacitance to the ground (the thicker, for example, the sole of a shoe), the greater the induced potential, which can be several kilovolts and even reach 10 kV.
Based on the design features of the power line (wire sagging), the greatest influence of the electromagnetic field on a person is manifested in the middle of the span, where the tension for super- and ultra-high voltage lines at the level of human growth is 5 - 20 kV / m and above, depending on the voltage class and design lines.
At power transmission towers, where the height of the suspension of wires is greatest and the shielding effect of the supports affects, the field strength is the smallest. Since there can be people, animals, vehicles under the power lines, it becomes necessary to assess the possible consequences of long and short-term stay of people in the power line zone, in an electric field of various strengths.
In experiments conducted by many researchers, a clear threshold value of the electromagnetic field strength of power lines was found, at which a dramatic change in the reaction of the human body occurs. The value is determined to be 160 kV / m, a lower intensity of the electromagnetic field does not cause any noticeable harm to a person.
The intensity of the electromagnetic field in the areas of the supports of the 750 kV power transmission line at the height of human growth is approximately 5-6 times less than dangerous values. The adverse effect of the electric field of industrial frequency on the body of people serving power transmission towers and substations of outdoor switchgear with a voltage of 500 kV and above has been revealed; at voltages of 380 and 220 kV, this effect is weakly expressed. But at all voltages, the effect of a high-frequency field on the human body depends on the duration of being in it.
On the basis of the studies carried out, sanitary norms and rules have been developed, which indicate the minimum allowable distances for the location of residential buildings from stationary radiating objects, such as power transmission towers. These standards also provide for the maximum allowable (limit) levels of electromagnetic radiation for other energy hazardous objects. In some cases, bulky metal screens are used to protect a person, in the form of sheets, nets and other devices.
Sanitary standards for power lines
Studies of the influence of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency (EMF FC) on a person, carried out in the USSR in the 60-70s, focused mainly on the effect of the electrical component, since no significant effect of the magnetic component was experimentally detected. In the 1970s, stringent standards were put into effect for the population in terms of the EP IF, and at the present time they are one of the most stringent in the world. They are set out in the Sanitary Norms and Rules "Protection of the population from the effects of an electric field created by overhead power lines of alternating current of industrial frequency" No. 2971-84. In accordance with these sanitary standards, all power supply facilities are designed and built.
However, at present, numerous studies by scientists in various countries have shown that weak electromagnetic fields (EMF), the power of which is measured in thousandths of watts, are no less dangerous for humans, and in some cases more dangerous than electromagnetic radiation from high power transmission lines. Scientists explain this by the fact that the intensity of weak electromagnetic fields is commensurate with the intensity of the radiation of the human body itself, its internal energy, which is formed as a result of the functioning of all systems and organs, including the cellular level. Such low (non-thermal) intensities characterize the radiation of electronic household appliances that are present in every home today. These are mainly computers, televisions, mobile phones, microwave ovens, etc. They then are sources of harmful to humans, the so-called. technogenic EMR, which have the ability to accumulate in the human body, while violating its bioenergetic balance, and first of all, the so-called. energy information exchange (ENIO). And this, in turn, affects the normal functioning of the main systems of the human body. Numerous studies in the field of the influence of electromagnetic fields on humans have made it possible to determine that electromagnetic fields have the greatest influence on the nervous, immune, endocrine and reproductive systems of the body. EMF irradiation under conditions of long-term long-term exposure to a person can lead to the development of long-term consequences for the body, including degenerative processes in the human central nervous system, blood cancer (leukemia), brain tumors, hormonal diseases, etc.
Today it is no secret that the magnetic field is considered the most dangerous for human health, but the maximum permissible value of the magnetic field for the population in Russia and Ukraine is not standardized. There is only one reason - there is no money for research and development of norms. Most of the routes of power transmission towers in Ukraine were built without taking into account this danger.
Based on mass epidemiological surveys of the population living in conditions of exposure to magnetic fields of power lines as a safe or "normal" level for conditions of prolonged exposure, which does not lead to oncological diseases, independently of each other, Swedish and American experts recommended the value of the magnetic flux density of 0.2 - 0.3 μT.
Protecting a person from electromagnetic fields of power lines
The basic principle of protecting human health from the electromagnetic field of power lines is to establish sanitary protection zones for power lines and reduce the electric field strength in residential buildings and in places where people can stay for a long time by using protective screens.
According to the norms, a person's stay without protective equipment in an electric field with a strength of up to 5 kV / m inclusive can be arbitrarily long. For a 500 kV transmission line, a field strength of 5 kV / m is achieved under wires located at a height of less than 15 m from the earth's surface, and a field strength of 10 kV / m is achieved under wires located at a height of less than 8 m.
Under lines in hard-to-reach areas (for example, swamps, mountain slopes), an electric field strength of 20 kV / m is allowed; for uninhabited areas - 15 kV / m, at intersections with roads - 10 kV / m and for populated areas where people can often be under the lines - 5 kV / m. In addition, the allowable tension at the boundaries of residential buildings is normalized - 1.5 kV / m, while a person is allowed to stay throughout his life. It should be noted that the indicated values of the field strength are determined at the level of the human head (1.8 m above the ground).
The boundaries of the sanitary protection zones for power transmission lines of which on operating lines are determined by the criterion of electric field strength - 1 kV / m.
For overhead high-voltage power lines (VL), sanitary protection zones of power lines are installed on both sides of the projection onto the ground of the extreme wires of the VL. These zones determine the minimum distances to the nearest residential, industrial and non-industrial buildings and structures.
Sanitary zones of power lines in accordance with SN No. 2971-84
|
Voltage |
|||||||
|
Sanitary size (security) zone |
2 m | 10 m | 15 m | 20 m | 25 m | 30 m | 40 m |
Additional requirements are imposed on the placement of poles of ultra-high voltage overhead lines (750 and 1150 kV) in terms of the conditions of exposure to an electric field on a person. Thus, the nearest distance from the axis of the designed routes of the 750 and 1150 kV overhead lines to the boundaries of settlements should, as a rule, be at least 250 and 300 m, respectively.
How to determine the voltage of a power transmission line support? It is best to contact the local energy company, but you can try visually, although it is difficult for a non-specialist:
330 kV - 2 wires on power transmission line traverses, 500 kV - 3 wires on power transmission line traverses, 750 kV - 4 wires. Below 330 kV, one wire per phase, it can only be determined approximately by the number of insulators in a garland: 220 kV 10-15 pcs., 110 kV 6-8 pcs., 35 kV 3-5 pcs., 10 kV and below - 1 pc. .
Permissible levels of electric field exposure
| remote control, kV/m | Electric field irradiation conditions |
| 0,5 | inside residential buildings |
| 1,0 | within the residential area |
| 5,0 | in a populated area outside the residential area; (lands of cities within city limits within the boundaries of their prospective development for 10 years, suburban and green areas, resorts, lands of urban-type settlements within the settlement lines and rural settlements within the boundaries of these points) as well as on territories of kitchen gardens and gardens; |
| 10,0 | at the intersection of overhead power lines with automobile roads 1 - IV categories; |
| 15,0 | in uninhabited areas (undeveloped areas, albeit often visited by people, accessible for transport, and agricultural land); |
| 20,0 | in remote areas (inaccessible to transport and agricultural machines) and in areas specially fenced off for exclusion of public access. |
Within the sanitary protection zone of the overhead line, it is prohibited:
- build residential and public buildings and structures;
- arrange areas for parking and stopping all types of transport;
- to locate car service enterprises and warehouses for oil and oil products;
- carry out operations with fuel, repair machines and mechanisms;
- carry out all kinds of mining, blasting, land reclamation work, plant trees, water crops;
- clutter up the entrances and approaches to the supports of overhead lines;
- arrange sports grounds, stadiums, transport stops, hold any events associated with a large crowd of people.
Carrying out the necessary measures in the security zone of power transmission lines can be carried out only upon receipt of a written permit for the performance of work from the enterprise (organization) in charge of these networks. The use of territories located in the power transmission line zone is regulated by the new Rules for establishing security zones for electric grid facilities and special conditions for the use of land plots located within the boundaries of such zones.
The territories of the sanitary zones of power lines are allowed to be used as agricultural land, but it is recommended to grow crops on them that do not require human manual labor.
In the event that in some areas the electric field strength outside the sanitary protection zone turns out to be higher than the maximum allowable 0.5 kV / m inside the building and above 1 kV / m on the territory of the residential development zone (in places where people can stay), they must steps should be taken to reduce tensions. To do this, almost any metal grid is placed on the roof of a building with a non-metal roof, grounded at least at two points. In buildings with a metal roof, it is enough to ground the roof at at least two points. In household plots or other places where people stay, the power frequency field strength can be reduced by installing protective screens, for example, reinforced concrete, metal fences, cable screens, trees or shrubs at least 2 m high.
In today's article we will try to answer a very important question: (power line)? Indeed, many are concerned about such a problem as closely spaced high-voltage power lines, and in fact, in some cases, power transmission towers and the wires themselves can hang over their heads.
How power lines affect human health
Surely you have ever had to pass under a power line, between high poles holding powerful wires tightly, and most likely you have heard a characteristic crack that accompanies the operation of equipment that transmits electricity over a long distance. And it was at this moment that the sensation of electrification came, some tingling in the back of the head, as if the hair began to move on the head. Believe me, these sensations, albeit with some degree of imaginary, still have a specific physical influence, and even have a name familiar from school - electromagnetic radiation.
A little about the dangers of magnetism
Conducted both abroad and in our country, studies have proven that the magnetic field formed by power lines, due to the increased magnetic component, causes specific and proven harm to people living near them. This is about:
- increased risk of blood diseases (leukemia);
- brain tumor formations;
- an increase in the percentage of patients with sexual dysfunction (in men);
- violation of pregnancy in women;
- increased risk of heart attacks and strokes;
- and etc.
How to protect yourself from the electromagnetic effects of power lines
So, how dangerous is it to live under power lines? Unfortunately, we have to state the fact that earlier, in Soviet times, during the construction of the residential sector, the harmful effects of magnetic radiation on humans were not taken into account, only the electrical components of the generated field were calculated. And, as we see, in vain. However, not everything is as scary as it might seem, and we hasten to reassure you that only powerful power lines, which, for the most part, pass outside residential areas, can have a long and harmful effect. If next to your country house there is a weak power transmission line with a line from 6 to 10 kW, but even up to 35 kW, then you should not even worry about it. But if you choose a house, and a gigantic power line mast rises 500 meters from it, then be prudent and do not play with your health, buy a better house in a safer place, so you will also avoid accidental fall support on your property.
High-voltage power lines cause concern for people living near them. Many people notice that after being under power lines for a long time, their health condition worsens.
There is an opinion that harmful electromagnetic waves change brain cells, disrupt the entire body and even cause cancer. But is it really harmful to live near power lines and what is the opinion of experts on this matter?
Danger of power lines: myth or reality?
From high-voltage lines, as well as from electrical appliances and wiring, 2 types of radiation come out - alternating waves and static fields. For example, you can take a socket with a voltage of 220 to 240 volts, located 1 meter from a person, and a power line with a voltage of 200 kilovolts, installed 30 meters from a residential building.
The strength of the static field decreases with distance. Therefore, the outlet and the power line will have approximately the same effect on people.
As for the variable waves, they decay more weakly, because their strength is directly proportional to the distance from the energy source. If we take similar distances, then a power line with a voltage of 6.5 kilovolts will become the equivalent of an outlet.
Moreover, in the apartment, in the country house or in the office, many sockets are installed, there is also electrical wiring and various devices that operate on current. Together, for a person, their radiation is much more harmful than the waves emanating from power lines.
There is no information that absolutely confirms that it is dangerous to live near a high-voltage line. This topic has not been fully explored. But there is an opinion that in people living near power lines, the latter causes a violation in the functioning of internal organs. But the frequency of industrial current is 50 Hz, and the human body is affected by frequencies that are much lower.
But people working with high voltage noted that after a long presence near power lines, they still had harmful effects. Most people have experienced the following symptoms:
- constant malaise;
- weakening of the immune system;
- nervousness.
This is probably due to the complexity of the profession, which requires a high concentration of attention and constant composure. Scientists note that each person has a different degree of perception of power electric and magnetic fields and static radiation from power lines.
The painful condition caused by the negative effects of power lines is called "electrical allergy". In some countries, a person with such a disease has the right to move to an area far from power lines. Moreover, financial expenses and the search for housing are carried out by government bodies.
So, people of a lonely age living in a house located near power lines can be exposed to their negative impact to varying degrees. One person will constantly feel the results of the harmful effects of power lines, while the health of another will remain unchanged.
What are the consequences of living near a high voltage line?
Presumably, a power line located where a dacha, apartment, office or other premises where people are often located can be detrimental to their health. The danger of harmful radiation lies in the appearance of chronic fatigue syndrome in a person, weakened immunity and increased irritability.
Indirect evidence of this is the results of studies conducted at the Karolinska Institute in the United States. Scientists have found that prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields increases the risk of developing cancer, heart and vascular disease, impairs reproductive function and contributes to depression.
The researchers were able to study the theory of harm to power lines, thanks to the participation in the experiment of several thousand people whose life passes near high-voltage lines. Although the exact causes of the negative effects of electromagnetic fields could not be clarified.
But scientists suggest that power lines ionize dust particles hovering next to them, and then penetrating into human lungs. In the respiratory organs, ions charge the cells, which disrupts their work.
Of course, with a long stay in a place where there is a high-voltage line, every person will learn about its harmful effects. Such an “unfavorable neighborhood” increases the likelihood of oncological diseases and disrupts the functioning of many body systems:
- nervous;
- sexual;
- immune;
- endocrine;
- hematological;
- cardiovascular.
Harmful power lines are especially dangerous for pregnant women, children, allergy sufferers and people with central nervous system diseases and immunodeficiency. This is confirmed by the reviews of people who have worked in the zone of electromagnetic radiation for more than a year.
They noted that they had severe headaches, hypertension, and visual impairment. And young men who previously did not have heart problems often have a heart attack.
How to understand if power lines pose a health hazard?
How can a person living near high-voltage lines independently determine the degree of influence of electromagnetic fields on the body? It was said above that the transmission distance of a harmful magnetic field is determined by the power of the power transmission line.
Knowing the necessary information, even on the wires, you can approximately determine the voltage class of the power line. This will tell you the number of wires in the "bundle" (phase). So, where 4 wires power is 750 kilowatts, 3 - 500 kV, 2 - 330 kV, 1 - less than 330 kV.
To set the class, you need to know the number of insulators in the string. 220 VK - 10-15 pieces, 35 kV - 3-5 pieces, 110 kV - 6-8 pieces, 10 kV - 1 insulator.
To protect people from the effects of magnetic fields, referring to the power of power lines, sanitary protection zones are established from the projection of a distant wire. Below is a list that indicates the voltage of the power line and the size of the zone in meters:
- 750 kV - 40 m;
- 300-500 kV - 30 m;
- 150-220 kV - 25 m;
- 110 kV - 20 m;
- 35 kV - 15 m;
- up to 20 kV - 10 m.
However, in this table, the norms for Moscow are established. But in some cases, it is precisely such regulations that are used when allocating plots for development.
Although the above-described sanitary standards were determined without taking into account the effects of a magnetic field. But today, all over the world they are talking about even more harm than from electrical radiation. And in Russia and the countries of the former CIS there is no such thing as the level of magnetic fields, and it is not standardized at all.
Therefore, before buying a summer house, a house or an apartment near power lines, it is worth inviting an ecologist to conduct a study. Experts will check and give an official opinion, legally confirmed. Also in large cities, such as Moscow, you can use the services of specialists from the Association of Independent Laboratories, who will conduct a professional environmental review.
For those who want to completely protect themselves from the negative effects of magnetic fields, the researchers recommend increasing the norm of the sanitary protection zone by a factor of ten. So, 100 meters is quite enough so that the human body is not affected by a weak power line. And if the property that is disintegrating near high-voltage lines has already been bought, and there is no way to sell it, then you definitely need to call in specialists who can determine the degree of potential danger.
Although to date there is no official data on the safety of power lines, their negative impact cannot be denied. After all, the majority of people living or working near power lines noted that every year their health worsens. Therefore, those who are often exposed to electromagnetic radiation need to periodically rest in ecologically clean areas - outside the city, in the forest, in the mountains or at sea.
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