The water supply system for a hotel or mini-hotel is a very important component for success. After all, guests after the road usually want to take a shower or just wash. And often the first impression of the hotel depends on the water supply.
What do we value in such a simple activity as taking a shower? First of all, two things come to mind - a good water pressure and a constant temperature. And, surprisingly, these two phenomena are interconnected. Temperature inconsistency in the shower, when the water suddenly becomes too hot, is directly related to the lack or excess pressure in the pipes. The pressure value depends on the selected type of pumping station.
classical pumping station relay type is attractive in terms of price, but, unfortunately, is not able to maintain constant pressure. Modern solutions with a frequency converter, on the contrary, guarantee a constant pressure, and hence the comfort of the guest, but are often not suitable due to high cost or large dimensions.
A pleasant exception to this rule is the E.Sytwin pumping station from Italian manufacturer- DAB companies.
The E.Sytwin pumping station consists of two pumps connected by a common manifold - one of the most intriguing solutions of our time. This is a low-noise pump with a built-in 2 liter hydraulic accumulator and a frequency converter operating from the signals of the built-in pressure and flow sensors.
Usually, the combination into a station significantly increases the cost of the overall structure, however, thanks to innovative technology pairing pumps into a single unit using an encrypted wireless connection, the manufacturer does not need to be combined into a station directly at the factory, which significantly reduces production costs, and hence the final cost of the purchase.
The pumps are mounted on common ground, which provides the possibility of supplying pipelines both from one side and from two sides, which greatly simplifies the search for a suitable room. To install the pump in the base, you just need to put it on top and fix it with a special fastener. Suddenly similar design turns into an interesting plus - if one of the pumps breaks down, it will be very easy to replace it, because the dismantling and installation of a new E.Sybox will take up to 10 minutes.
Hydraulic options will ideally meet the needs of a standard mini-hotel with a fund of 20 rooms. For such a number of bathrooms, a station is required that can provide a flow rate of about 120 l / min. E.Sytwin can achieve this flow rate by maintaining a constant pressure of 3.2 bar, while leaving about 30 l/min. under peak load. At the same time, the noise level of the operating installation is only 45 dB (A), which means that the peace of the guests will not be disturbed.
In addition to the low price and ease of installation, the E.Sytwin pumping station impresses with ease of setup. All pump parameters are displayed - the setting is carried out using the buttons on the pump display. If the installer made a mistake and, for example, set too high a pressure, it will be very easy for the technical service to reconfigure. And thanks to the auto-diagnostic system, in case of a malfunction, an error code is displayed on the display, which can be viewed in the instructions - approximately 30% of failures can be eliminated on their own. Although the probability of a pump failure is low, seven types of protection are built into the E.Sytwin: freeze protection, dry running protection, leakage protection, voltage surge protection, motor amperometric protection, overheating protection and water hammer protection.
Of course, you can't ignore frequency converter, which, in addition to maintaining a constant pressure, also provides significant energy savings. In practice, it looks like this: when a shower is used in one room, E.Sytwin consumes 0.387 kW, and when the shower works in five rooms - 1 kW. Due to this variability, compared to classic solutions, which always consume the maximum energy, savings of up to 50% are possible.
Based on the above, it is easy to draw an obvious conclusion: if you want to guarantee guest comfort and have complete confidence that the pump itself will consume a minimum of energy, and you also need an affordable solution, your choice is the E.Sytwin pumping station.
For purchase, please contact our managers in a convenient way for you. Our consultants will professionally select the equipment according to your requirements.
Cold water system
Hotels use water for household and drinking needs- for drinking and personal hygiene of staff and guests; for production needs for cleaning residential and public premises, watering the territory and green spaces, washing raw materials, dishes and cooking, washing overalls, curtains, bed and table linen, when providing additional services e.g. in a hairdressing salon, a health and fitness centre, as well as for fire fighting purposes.
The water supply system includes three components: a water supply source with facilities and devices for water intake, purification and treatment, external water supply networks and internal water supply located in the building.
Hotels located in cities and towns, as a rule, are supplied with cold water from the city (village) water supply. Hotels located in countryside, in the mountains, on highways, have a local water supply system.
In the city water supply, water is used from open (rivers, lakes) or closed ( The groundwater) sources.
Water in the city water supply must comply with the requirements of GOST R 2872--82. Before being supplied to the city water supply network, water from open sources of water supply always undergoes pre-treatment to bring its quality indicators in line with the requirements of the standard. Water from closed water sources usually does not need to be treated. Water treatment is carried out on waterworks. When water is supplied from rivers, stations are placed along the river above settlements.
The composition of the waterworks includes the following presented in Fig. 2.13 structures:
- *water intake devices;
- *pumps of the first rise;
- * settling tanks and treatment facilities;
- *reservoirs for water storage;
- * second lift pumps.
Second lift pumps support required pressure in the main pipelines and the pipeline system of the city water supply. In some cases, water towers are connected to the main pipeline system, which contain a supply of water and can create pressure in the water supply system by raising water tanks to a certain height.
From the waterworks through the city water supply network, water enters the consumers.
Rice. 2.13.
1 - water intake facility; 2 -- pumping station of the first rise; 3 -- treatment facilities; 4 -- reservoirs clean water; 5 -- pumping station of the second rise; 6 -- conduits; 7 -- water tower; 8 -- main water supply network
City water networks constructed from steel, cast iron, reinforced concrete or asbestos-cement pipes. Valves are installed on them in the wells to turn off individual sections water supply network in case of accident and repair, fire hydrants for water supply during fire fighting. Pipelines of the water supply network are located at a depth of at least 0.2 m below the depth of soil freezing in winter. Steel pipelines must have reliable waterproofing.
Internal plumbing a building is a collection of equipment, devices and pipelines that supply water from central outdoor water supply systems or from local water sources to water points in a building. The internal water supply in hotel buildings must be separate to meet the economic, industrial and fire-fighting needs. Household and drinking and industrial water supply systems are combined, since clean drinking water is used for household and industrial needs in hotels.
The internal plumbing of the cold water supply system includes the following elements:
- *one or more inputs;
- * water meter unit;
- *filters for additional cleaning water;
- * booster pumps and water tanks;
- * piping system with control valves (distribution lines, risers, inlets);
- * water folding devices;
- * fire extinguishing devices.
On fig. 2.14 presented various schemes cold water systems.
input called the section of the pipeline connecting the internal water supply to the external water supply. The input is carried out perpendicular to the wall of the building. For this, cast-iron or asbestos-cement pipes are used. At the point of connection of the input to the external water supply network, a well and a valve are installed, which, if necessary, turns off the water supply to the building. Hotels usually arrange two inputs, which guarantees, firstly, an uninterrupted supply of cold water, and secondly, a sufficient supply of water to fire hydrants in the event of a fire.
Water meter assembly designed to measure water consumption by an enterprise. It is installed in a heated room immediately after passing through the input outer wall building. Water flow measurement is carried out using a water meter.
The water meter is designed in such a way that when a stream of water passes through it, an impeller (or impeller) is set into rotation, which transmits movement to the meter dial hand. Water consumption is indicated in liters or cubic meters.
Rice. 2.14.
a- a scheme with direct connection to the city water supply network (with a lower dead-end wiring of the main); b-- a scheme with a water tank (with an upper dead-end wiring to the masters); in-- with a booster pump (with a lower ring wiring of the main); G -- with a booster pump and a water tank (with a lower dead-end wiring of the line); d-- with a booster pump and a hydropneumatic tank (with a lower dead-end line); 1 -- city water main; 2 -- shut-off valve; 3 -- plumbing input; 4 -- water meter; 5 -- drain cock; 6 -- main pipeline; 7 - riser; 8-- shut-off valve on the riser; 9 -- branches to water points; 10 -- booster pump; 11 -- water tank; 12 -- float valve; 13 -- check valve; 14 -- hydropneumatic tank; 15 -- compressor
The water meter is selected according to reference data, depending on the estimated maximum hourly (second) water flow at the inlet.
In four- and five-star hotels, water from the city water supply must pass additional cleaning at water treatment plants. The purpose of additional processing is to obtain water that meets international quality standards.
The scheme of the water treatment station is shown in fig. 2.15. At water treatment plants, water is passed through special filters consisting of layers of quartz, river sand, activated carbon, disinfect it with an ultraviolet irradiation lamp (UVI), introduce various additives into the water.
The UV lamp kills the microbes contained in the water, softens it. Lamp life should not exceed one year.
Alkali NaOH is used as an additive, which is automatically injected into the water through special openings in the pipeline. The purpose of water treatment with NaOH is to bring it to an acidity level of pH = 8.2. Salts can also be added to water: NaCl and A12 (SO4) 3.
The choice of the scheme of the cold water supply system in the hotel building depends on the available pressure (Pa) in the external water supply network at the entrance to the building. For the normal supply of water to all draw-off points internal plumbing the required pressure (Pa) in the external water supply network must be at least:
Where is the pressure required to raise water from the input to the highest point, Pa; -- loss of pressure in the water meter unit, Pa; -- pressure loss at the water treatment plant, Pa; -- loss of pressure in pipelines, Pa; -- the required free head at the highest water draw point, Pa.
Rice. 2.15.
The pressure in the internal water supply network should not exceed 0.6 MPa.
Depending on the ratio of values and the building is equipped with one of the cold water supply systems.
When > provides a constant supply of water to all water points of the building and sets the most simple system water supply without a booster pump and a water tank (see Fig. 2.14, a).
If constantly in certain hours days< , и поэтому периодически обеспечивается подача воды к ряду водоразборных точек, устраивают систему водоснабжения с water pressure or hydropneumatic tank(see fig. 2.14, b).
During periods when? , the water tank is filled with water, and when< , вода из водонапорного бака расходуется для внутреннего потребления.
Provided that most of the time< , устраивают систему водоснабжения с booster pumps or with booster pumps and a water pressure (or hydropneumatic) tank (see Fig. 2.14, c-e).
In the latter version, the pump operates periodically, filling the tank, from which the system is supplied with water. The water tank is installed at the top of the building. The hydropneumatic tank is located at the bottom of the building. The premises in which the pumps are installed must have heating, lighting and ventilation. The building may be served by one or more pumps installed in parallel or in series. If the building is serviced by one pump, then the second pump must be connected to the network as a standby pump. Pumps are selected taking into account their performance and the pressure generated.
For the internal plumbing system use steel (galvanized) or plastic pipes. Pipelines are laid open and closed in building structures. Horizontal sections to ensure the descent of water are laid with a slope towards the input. The plumbing system, depending on the scheme, can be from the top or lower wiring water.
The diameter of the pipeline is determined according to special tables, depending on the number of water draw-off (water-consuming) points and their sizes.
The diameter of the mains of the economic-industrial-fire-fighting water supply systems is assumed to be at least 50 mm.
Domestic plumbing systems are equipped pipeline and water fittings.
Pipe fittings are designed to shut off sections of pipelines for the period of repair, to regulate pressure and flow in the system. Distinguish shut-off, regulating, safety and control pipeline fittings.
Gate valves and valves are used as shut-off and control valves. Gate valves are made of cast iron and steel, and valves, in addition, are made of brass. Shut-off valves are installed on the input, risers and branches.
Safety fittings include safety and check valves, to the control - level indicators, control valves, valves for pressure gauges.
Water fittings include various taps at the points of water tapping: wall-mounted, toilet, taps drain cisterns, watering, urinal, flush, as well as mixer taps for sinks, bathtubs, showers, washbasins, pools, washing machines and etc.
Fire water supply
Water is the most common fire extinguishing agent. Possessing a high heat capacity, it cools combustible substances to a temperature lower than the temperature of their self-ignition, and blocks the access of air to the combustion zone with the help of the resulting vapors. A jet of water directed under high pressure exerts on the fire and mechanical impact, knocking down the flame and penetrating deep into the burning object. Spreading over the burning object, the water wets the parts of the building structures that are not yet covered by fire and protects them from catching fire.
To extinguish the fire, water is supplied from the existing water supply. In some cases, it can be supplied by pumps from natural or artificial reservoirs.
Internal fire water supply is provided by the device in the building of risers with fire hydrants. fire hydrants placed on landings, in corridors and separate rooms of hotels at a height of 1.35 m from the floor in special lockers with the designation "PC". The fire cabinet equipment is shown in fig. 2.16. In the locker, in addition to the crane, there should be a canvas sleeve 10 or 20 m long and a metal fire nozzle (water hose). The sleeve has quick-release nuts at the ends for connection with the stem and valve of the crane. The sleeves are placed on a swivel shelf or wound on a reel. The distance between the fire hydrants depends on the length of the hose and must be such that the entire building area is irrigated with at least one jet. In the building, the use of sleeves of the same length and diameter is allowed.
Rice. 2.16.
a -- with swivel shelf; b- with coil; 1 -- cabinet walls; 2 -- fire hydrant; 3 -- fire stand; 4 - fire barrel; 5 -- fire hose; 6 -- swivel shelf;
7 -- coil
In hotels located in high-rise buildings, the internal fire water supply system also includes automatic fire extinguishers that localize the source of fire, block the path of a spreading flame and flue gases, and eliminate fire. To automatic means fire extinguishing systems include sprinkler and deluge systems. Schemes of sprinkler and deluge fire fighting plumbing systems are presented in fig. 2.17.
sprinkler systems are used for local extinguishing of fires and fires, cooling building structures and signaling a fire.
The sprinkler system includes a system of pipelines laid under the ceiling and filled with water, and sprinklers, the openings of which are closed with fusible locks. When ready, the sprinkler system is pressurized. When the temperature in the room rises, the sprinkler lock melts and the water jet from the sprinkler, hitting the socket, breaks over the fire. At the same time, water approaches the alarm device, which gives a signal about a fire. The area protected by one sprinkler is about 10 m2. Sprinklers are installed in residential rooms, corridors, office and public spaces hotels.
Rice. 2.17.
a-- sprinkler system; b-- deluge system; 1 -- sprinkler sprinkler; 2 -- distribution manifold; 3 -- connecting pipeline; 4-- water tank; 5 - control and signal valve; b - water supply valve; 7-- water riser; 8 - deluge sprinkler; 9-- incentive pipeline; 10 - water main
Deluge systems designed to extinguish fires over the entire settlement area, create water curtains in the openings of fire walls, above fire doors, dividing the corridors of the hotel into sections, and fire alarms. Drencher systems can be with automatic and manual (local and remote) activation. Deluge systems consist of a system of pipelines and sprinklers, but unlike a sprinkler system, water deluge sprinklers do not have locks and are constantly open. A water supply valve with a temperature-sensitive lock is installed in the pipeline supplying water to a group of successively located sprinklers. In case of fire, the lock opens the valve and water flows from all deluge heads to extinguish the fire or create a curtain. The fire alarm goes off at the same time.
The performance of sprinkler and deluge installations depends on their Maintenance, which consists of the implementation of a number of activities provided for by the instructions for their operation.
Hot water system
Hot water in hotels is used for domestic and industrial needs. Therefore, she, like cold water used for these purposes must meet the requirements of GOST R 2872--82. Temperature hot water in order to avoid burns, it should not exceed 70 ° C and be at least 60 ° C, which is necessary for production needs.
Hot water supply in hotels can be local, central or centralized.
At local water supply, water coming from the cold water supply system is heated in gas, electric water-heating, water-heating columns. In this case, water is heated directly at the places of its consumption. In order to avoid interruptions in hot water supply, hotels usually use a central hot water supply system. At central In the preparation of hot water, the water coming from the cold water supply system is heated by water heaters in the individual heating point of the hotel building or the central heating point, sometimes the water is heated directly in the boilers of local and central boiler houses. At centralized in heat supply, water is heated in water heaters by steam or hot water coming from the city heating network.
The scheme of hot water supply networks can be dead-end or with the organization of hot water circulation through a system of circulation pipelines. Dead End Schemes provide for constant water intake. If the water withdrawal is periodic, then with such a scheme, the water in the pipelines during the period of no withdrawal will cool down, and during the withdrawal, it will flow to water points with a lower temperature. This leads to the need for an unproductive reset a large number water through a draw-off point, if desired, to obtain water with a temperature of 60 - 70 "C.
In the scheme with water circulation this disadvantage is absent, although it is more expensive. Therefore, such a scheme is used in cases where the water intake is not constant, but it is required to maintain a constant water temperature during the water intake.
Circulation networks are arranged with forced or natural circulation. forced circulation carried out by installing pumps, similar to the water heating system of buildings. It is used in buildings with more than two floors, and with a significant length of main pipelines. In one-, two-story buildings with a small length of pipelines, it is possible to arrange natural water circulation through the system of circulation pipelines due to the difference bulk density water at different temperature. The principle of operation of such a system is similar to the principle of operation of a water
heating with natural circulation. As well as in cold water supply systems, hot water mains can be with lower and upper wiring.
The hot water supply system of a building includes three main elements: a hot water generator (water heater), pipelines and water points.
As hot water generators in systems of central hot water supply, high-speed water-water and steam-water heaters, as well as capacious water heaters, are used.
Principle of operation high-speed hot water water heater, shown in fig. 2.18, consists in the fact that the coolant - hot water coming from the boiler room of the hotel or the centralized heating system, passes through brass tubes located inside a steel pipe, the annulus of which is filled with heated water.
Rice. 2.18.
a- single section; b- multisectional; 1 and 7 - pipes for water inlet; 2 - confuser; 3 and 5 - pipes for water outlet; 4 -- section of the water heater; 6 - thermometer fitting; 8 - jumper; 9 -- knee
Rice. 2.19.
AT fast steam water heater hot steam supplied to the body of the heater heats the water passing through the brass tubes located inside the body.
The design temperature of the heat carrier in the water-to-water heater is assumed to be 75 ° C, the initial temperature of the heated water is 5 ° C, the speed of the heated water is 0.5 - 3 m / s. High-speed water heaters are used in systems with a uniform water flow and high water consumption.
Capacitive water heaters used in systems with intermittent and low water consumption. They allow not only to heat, but also to accumulate hot water.
Three, four and five star hotels must have backup hot water system during emergencies or preventive maintenance. For a backup hot water supply system, industrial electric water heaters. On fig. 2.19 shows an electric industrial water heater "OSO" (Norway). The tank capacity of such a water heater is from 600 to 10,000 liters, the water temperature adjustment range is from 55 to 85 ° C. The inner tank is made of copper-plated stainless steel. In a backup hot water supply system, there may be several water heaters operating in parallel.
The pipelines of the hot and cold water supply system are a single complex of the hotel's economic and industrial supply system and are laid in parallel.
Water points are equipped with mixer taps that allow you to get a wide range of water temperatures (from 20 to 70 ° C) by mixing hot and cold water.
For the hot water supply system, galvanized steel or plastic pipes are used to avoid corrosion. Connections steel pipes and fittings for the same reason must be threaded. To reduce heat losses and prevent water cooling, main pipelines and risers are thermally insulated. Water folding and pipeline accessories in hot water supply systems, brass or bronze is used with seals that can withstand temperatures up to 100 ° C.
Operation of water supply systems
After completing all installation work for construction or overhaul systems of cold or hot water supply proceed to their acceptance into service. Acceptance begins with an inspection of all equipment and pipelines of water supply systems. Noticed deficiencies are included in the defective statement. They are subject to elimination within the specified time.
Then, after eliminating the identified deficiencies, they carry out testing the water supply system for leaks. In this case, the fittings of all water points must be closed. The test consists in the fact that the pipelines are filled with water using a hydraulic press, raising the pressure in the pipelines to the working value. In the event of leaks, minor installation defects are eliminated, pipeline connections are tightened between themselves, with equipment and fittings, and glands are sealed. Upon completion of these works, a hydraulic press creates a pressure in the pipelines higher than the working one by 0.5 MPa and maintains the system under this pressure for 10 minutes. During this period, the pressure should not rise by more than 0.05 Pa. If this requirement is met, the system is considered to have passed the tightness test. Simultaneously with pipeline networks, water heaters of hot water supply systems are tested under pressure.
Upon completion of work on checking the tightness of the water supply system, it is carried out trial run. During the test run, they check the adequacy of the supply of cold and hot water to all water points, determine whether the water temperature corresponds to the required value (65 - 70 ° C), check the absence of noise during operation of the pump and its overheating, draw up an act.
correct and reliable performance internal plumbing system depends on the conditions of its operation, proper supervision and care.
Basic operating conditions: elimination of water leakage, prevention of freezing of water in the pipes of the network and sweating of the surface of pipelines, low water pressure, noise control from water fittings when they are opened.
During the operation of the cold and hot water supply systems, periodic inspections systems by setting the following:
- * serviceability of valves of the water metering unit and water meter, pumping equipment;
- * absence of water leaks in fittings and equipment connections;
- * serviceability of equipment for heating water;
- * serviceability of main pipelines, risers, connections;
- * Serviceability of water fittings.
Water leak through pipelines usually occurs when they are damaged due to corrosion. With open laying of pipelines, damaged pipes are easy to detect and replace, with hidden ones, it is very difficult to detect a leak.
The main water leakage occurs through water folding devices due to wear of sealing gaskets, damage or wear of individual parts of the units. Worn or damaged items must be replaced or repaired.
To avoid plumbing damage due to frozen pipes when the heating system is turned off and the temperature in the rooms drops to 3 ° C, it is necessary to drain the water from the pipelines.
During the operation of the water supply system, situations may arise in which water is weakly or not at all supplied to the draw-off points. This can be caused by: insufficient pressure at the entrance to the building; clogging of the water meter grid or installation of a water meter of insufficient caliber; pump malfunction; a decrease in the flow area of pipelines due to fouling of the pipe walls with salt deposits or the ingress of foreign objects and rust. For elimination listed reasons necessary:
- * install a pump to increase the pressure in the pipeline system of the building;
- * clean or replace the water meter;
- * fix or replace the pump valve;
- * clean water pipes and fittings.
During the operation of the water supply system, there may also be noise in pipelines. Vibration and noise occur when the pump wears out and is improperly installed when pipes are rigidly embedded in building structures.
Hot water supply
Hot water in hotels is used for domestic and industrial needs. Therefore, it, as well as cold water used for these purposes, must meet the requirements of GOST R 2872--82. The temperature of hot water in order to avoid burns should not exceed 70 "C and be not lower than 60 °C, which is necessary for production needs.
Hot water supply in hotels can be:
central
centralized.
With local water supply, water coming from the cold water supply system is heated in gas, electric water heaters, water heaters. In this case, water is heated directly at the places of its consumption. In order to avoid interruptions in hot water supply, hotels usually use a central hot water supply system. During central hot water preparation, the water coming from the cold water supply system is heated by water heaters in the individual heating point of the hotel building or the central heating point, sometimes the water is heated directly in the boilers of local and central boiler houses. With district heating, water is heated in water heaters with steam or hot water coming from the city heating network.
The scheme of hot water supply networks can be dead-end or with the organization of hot water circulation through a system of circulation pipelines. Dead End Schemes provide for constant water intake.
If the water intake is periodic, then with such a scheme, the water in the pipelines during the period of no withdrawal will cool down, and during the withdrawal, water will flow to low temperature water points. This leads to the need for unproductive discharge of a large amount of water through the draw-off point, if you want to get water with a temperature of 60 - 70 °C. In a circuit with water circulation this disadvantage is absent, although it is more expensive. Therefore, such a scheme is used in cases where the water intake is not constant, but it is required to maintain a constant water temperature during the water intake.
Circulation networks are arranged with forced or natural circulation. Forced circulation is carried out by installing pumps, similar to the water heating system of buildings. It is used in buildings with more than two floors, and with a significant length of main pipelines. The hot water supply system of a building includes three main elements: a hot water generator (water heater), pipelines and water pipes, and water points.
Heating
The heating system is used to heat the premises during the cold season and maintain normal temperature indoor air regardless of the outside temperature. Currently, the most commonly used in the hotel industry is water, steam and electric heating. The choice of heating depends on the purpose and architectural design of the hotel. The most common is water heating. Hotels use medium-pressure heating systems with water temperatures up to 120 ° C, which is supplied from a combined heat and power plant, and then used for heating purposes. Heat sources for hotels can also be their own boiler houses.
The water heating system has, in comparison with steam heating, several advantages. In this system, the temperature of the heating devices can be regulated. To do this, individual automatic room thermostats are installed in the rooms. In the entrance lobbies of hotels located in relatively cold areas, it is recommended to install heaters in the floor at the entrance. In areas with temperatures in winter time- 15? C and below in the vestibules of the main entrances of the hotel building, special air curtains.
Heating systems are divided into local and central. To local systems include systems in which all the main elements are combined into one device. Such systems are furnaces, gas and electric heating. Their range is limited to one or two adjacent rooms.
AT central systems the heat source is moved outside the heated premises or even outside the building. Systems central heating classified according to the type of coolant, its temperature and pressure; methods of its movement, heat transfer from outer surface heating devices to the air of heated rooms; schematic solutions.
Water heating systems are divided into:
1. According to the location of the supply pipelines - with upper and lower wiring. Water from a boiler or other water heater through the main riser enters the supply main pipeline, and from it into the supply risers, from where it enters the heating devices through the inlets, gives off heat to the room air and through the return pipes enters the return risers, the prefabricated return main pipeline and the water heater for subsequent heating. The water heating system with bottom wiring and natural circulation got its name because of the location of the supply main pipeline in the lower part of the building (in the basement, in the underground channel, in the technical underground).
2. According to the method of supplying and discharging water from heating devices - two-pipe and one-pipe systems.
Two-pipe systems of water heating and pump circulation are characterized by the presence of two risers (vertical pipelines). According to one of them, which supplies, water enters the heating devices, and on the opposite - water, giving off heat to heating appliances, enters the collection return (main) pipeline, through which it is sent to the water heater or to the heating point.
Single-pipe systems are systems that have single risers. Hot water from the main enters the risers, equipped with heating devices. Part of the water flows into the heating devices, and the rest passes through the riser to the lower devices. The water that has cooled in the heaters is returned to the same riser.
3. In the direction of water movement in the main supply and return pipelines- dead-end and with associated water movement.
All the above systems are dead-end water heating systems.
4. According to the circulation method - with natural and pump circulation.
To remove air from the heating network that interferes with normal operation heating systems, on the main pipelines at their highest point, air collectors are arranged. Distinguish between flow and non-flow air collectors. Flow air collectors crash into the highway. The diameter of the air collector is 3-4 times the diameter of the line. Therefore, water entering the air collector slows down the speed of movement, which contributes to the release of air bubbles from the water.
Flow air collectors can be central and angular.
The non-flow air collector is installed above the line. It removes air from the water much worse. The first sign of a heater not warming up is the presence of air in its upper part, the so-called airing of the system; it is necessary to remove air through a valve installed in the upper part of the air collector.
WATER PIPES.
In the hotel building separate systems domestic drinking and fire-fighting water supply with two inputs.
The source of household and drinking water supply of the hotel is the plant-measuring network of the water supply system of the Administrative and Business Center.
The fire-fighting water supply network is laid from galvanized steel water and gas pipes ∅50-150 mm
The main pipelines of the household and drinking water supply are mounted from galvanized steel water and gas pipes ∅25-65 mm in accordance with GOST 3262-75 * under the ceiling of the basement and technical floor (3rd floor) and are isolated from condensate with material such as "Energoflex".
Water risers are mounted hidden in shafts and side boxes and are also subject to insulation (except for fire fighting).
On each branch and to the devices on the floors is installed shut-off valves. To access the valves from the side of the corridor, doors are arranged against the risers.
Water meters are installed at the inlet of the household and drinking water supply, in the basement of the hotel, to account for the water consumption of the hotel and the restaurant.
To ensure the required pressure in the fire water supply system, a booster pump station Hydro MX D001 2 CR 64-3-1.3x380, PE 50Hz, Q = 72.0 m / h, H = 49 m, Grundfos is installed in the basement. ( hotel only).
To ensure the required pressure in the hotel's drinking water supply system in the basement of block "E", a booster pump station Hydro MRS 3 CRE 10-9 Q=17.0 m / h, H=63 m N=3x3.0 kW (9, 0 kW), firm "Grundfos".
HOT WATER SUPPLY.
The building is equipped with centralized hot water supply. The source of hot water is the central heating station, located in the basement of building "E". Hot water inlet to the hotel building ∅50 mm.
Single-zone system with sectional nodes. Network with top wiring and main risers
for the residential part of the hotel and with lower wiring for the premises of the catering department of the restaurant.
Pipelines for hot and circulating water are mounted from galvanized steel water and gas pipes ∅25-50 mm in accordance with GOST 3262-75 *.
Leads to sanitary appliances mounted from polypropylene pipes brand "Fuzioterm" type of staff ∅15-25 mm (firm "Aquaterm") and are laid hidden.
Laying, installation, installation of fittings, thermal insulation are similar to cold water pipelines.
AT high points hot water pipelines, air outlet devices are installed, at the lower points - drain devices for emptying pipelines during repairs.
To account for the consumption of hot water at the inlet of the hot and circulating water supply, in the basement of the hotel, water meters are installed for the hotel and the catering department of the restaurant.
SEWER.
The sewerage scheme is assumed to be gravity flow with connection to the projected on-site sewer networks of the complex.
Internal sewerage networks are mounted from cast-iron socketless pipes ∅100-150mm PAM-GLOBAL-S (in the ground and in the basement) and from polypropylene sewer pipes firm "Vavin".
Main sewer pipelines are laid under the ceiling of the basement and 3 (technical) floors.
For industrial effluents from a restaurant, a buffet, a laundry, independent sewerage outlets are provided.
The technological equipment of the restaurant and buffet is connected to the sewerage network with a jet break of 20 mm.
Sewer risers are mounted hidden, in shafts, together with cold and hot water risers. sewer risers are combined on the technical floor and are displayed above the roof by 0.3 m.
At the outlet of the sewer from the restaurant, it is planned to install a grease trap in the basement of the hotel. At the outlet of the sewer from the grease trap, a sewer gate with an electric drive is installed.
Hot water in hotels is used for household and industrial needs. Therefore, it, as well as cold water used for these purposes, must meet the requirements of GOST R 2872--82. The temperature of hot water in order to avoid burns should not exceed 70 ° C and be not lower than 60 ° C, which is necessary for production needs.
Hot water supply in hotels can be:
central
centralized.
With local water supply, water coming from the cold water supply system is heated in gas, electric water heaters, water heaters. In this case, water is heated directly at the places of its consumption. In order to avoid interruptions in hot water supply, hotels usually use a central hot water supply system.
During central hot water preparation, the water coming from the cold water supply system is heated by water heaters in the individual heating point of the hotel building or the central heating point, sometimes the water is heated directly in the boilers of local and central boiler houses.
With district heating, water is heated in water heaters with steam or hot water coming from the city heating network.
The scheme of hot water supply networks can be dead-end or with the organization of hot water circulation through a system of circulation pipelines. Dead End Schemes provide for constant water intake.
If the water intake is periodic, then with such a scheme, the water in the pipelines during the period of no withdrawal will cool down, and during the withdrawal, water will flow to low temperature water points. This leads to the need for unproductive discharge of a large amount of water through the draw-off point, if you want to get water with a temperature of 60-70 °C. In the scheme with water circulation this disadvantage is absent, although it is more expensive. Therefore, such a scheme is used in cases where the water intake is not constant, but it is required to maintain a constant water temperature during the water intake.
Circulation networks are arranged with forced or natural circulation. Forced circulation is carried out by installing pumps, similar to the water heating system of buildings. It is used in buildings with more than two floors, and with a significant length of main pipelines. In one-, two-story buildings with a small length of pipelines, it is possible to arrange natural circulation of water through a system of circulation pipelines due to the difference in the volumetric mass of water at different temperatures. The principle of operation of such a system is similar to the principle of operation of a water heating system with natural circulation. As well as in cold water supply systems, hot water mains can be with lower and upper wiring.
The hot water supply system of a building includes three main elements: a hot water generator (water heater), pipelines and water pipes, and water points.
4.5 Sewerage system
The main distinguishing feature of collective recreation areas (hotels, boarding houses, etc.) is uneven flow depending on the number of residents, as well as seasonality. The user is usually in such a place for a limited period of time, after which he is replaced by others.
Central sewerage- it is very comfortable. Autonomous water supply and drainage are good only because everything is under your control, so the central sewerage will be used in the Sunway club hotel.
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