Technology of capital repairs of a soft roof. Repair of a soft roof: useful tips from roofers. Roof repair of the current order

Soft roofs, due to their specificity, require regular maintenance and care. It is “softness” that is the main drawback - this type of roof is poorly protected from mechanical damage. The destruction of the waterproofing layer even in two or three places leads to the fact that after a while most of the roofing carpet becomes unusable. But such roofs are usually distinguished by good repairability and it is not too difficult to restore the roof.

If no more than 40% of the roof is damaged, current repairs (restoration of damaged areas) can be dispensed with. If more, a major overhaul is needed, involving the removal of the old coating and the flooring of a new one.

Soft roof defects

To detect damage soft roof no need to do complex examinations, a careful examination of the surface is enough. Possible violations roofing:

Explicit delamination at the joints.

The presence of holes and depressions in which water can accumulate. In these places, corrosion processes, the appearance of fungus or mold are possible.

Cracks, serious abrasions, tears, mechanical damage.

Bloating. This is usually evidence that moisture accumulates under the coating in this place, therefore, there are violations of the integrity of the waterproofing layer.

Building materials and equipment for repair work

Before proceeding with the repair, it is necessary to carefully calculate the amount of necessary roofing material and draw up detailed plan works. This will significantly reduce the repair time. To restore the roof you will need:

Gas cylinder, reducer and burner.
Vacuum cleaner (industrial), estimates.
Mounting cutter.
Spool (pipe).
Putty knife.
Roulette construction.
Axe.
Stick for rolling.
Bituminous mastic.

If a major overhaul of a flat roof is necessary, you may need to do a cement-sand screed in places or completely. You will need soil, sand, cement and water.

The modern market of roofing materials offers just a huge selection of rolled roofing materials. Some of them:

For the device of the top layer - Isoelast, Linocrom, Uniflex, Isoplast.
For the device of the lower layer - Technoelast, Bireplast, Isoplast, Uniflex.

The materials of the outer layer are coated with mineral particles that protect from sunlight. The thickness of the roll materials of the outer layer is 4.5-5 mm. Thickness similar materials inner layer - 3.5 mm.

SNiP

When conducting restoration work on soft roofs, it is necessary to be guided the following documents:

SNiPII-26-76
SNiP 3.04.01-87
SNiP 3.04.01-87
SNiP Roofing Soft 12-03-2001

All documents regulating the conduct of roofing work should be carefully studied. However, it must be remembered that these regulations were adopted a long time ago and some items are hopelessly outdated.

Technology and sequence of do-it-yourself repair work

The sequence of works on repairing a roof from a soft roof depends on the roofing material you use. It can be both rolled welded materials and flexible tiles. Technologically, their laying depends on (flat and pitched).

flat roofs

Any repair of any surfaces begins with the preparation of the base. It is very important to always follow this point, otherwise even the most cutting-edge roofing materials will not last even half of the time they should last.

Maintenance can be done in two ways:

partial replacement of the old roofing carpet;
laying new layers of roofing over the entire area on the old coating.

If you are going to just patch the roof, you need to cut down all the damaged places. Thoroughly clean the surface under the patches, remove dust and primer. Pour hot mastic and glue a new roll coating on it. The area of the patch must be at least one third larger than the restored surface. The edges are carefully sealed.

Such repairs are justified with a very small amount of damage to the roofing. At best, your patch will last 3-4 years.

On small roofs, it is quite possible to produce without removing the old one. If such repairs have already been carried out, it must be taken into account that each layer of roofing increases the load (approximately 1.5-2 kg per sq. M).

Making sure that your roof is able to support it and that the old roofing carpet is not in a deplorable state, you can start preparing the foundation. Having eliminated defects and cleaned it, lay a new soft roof in two layers in the usual way, depending on the material.

Overhaul usually includes not only the dismantling of the old roofing, but also the repair of all roof elements - fences, parapets, gutters and water inlets. If necessary, a partial screed or screed of the entire roof area is made.

You can remove the old coating using a special machine, or you can use the old-fashioned way - with an ax and a metal spatula or scraper. The base, no matter what you are going to do next, must be cleaned of dust, dirt and degreased. If there are no serious defects on it - pits, holes, large potholes, you can do without a screed. But it is still necessary to partially restore the base - it is desirable that the surface be even, dry and clean.

Roll welded roofing materials today are made from durable materials(polyester, fiberglass) with the addition of modifiers. Both sides are covered with a polymer-bitumen composition. Upper layer protected by mineral powders, and the bottom is covered with a special film.

Service life, depending on the modifier, ranges from 10 to 30 years. A well-done repair will keep your roof protected from the elements for decades to come. Roofing on flat roofs is done in several layers.

Installation of roll materials simple enough - gas burner the lower bituminous layer is heated, glued to the base and rolled. The rolls are rolled out with an overlap of 15 cm, the joints are carefully glued. The second layer is mounted across the first. As a result, you get an almost complete coverage. When installing the roof, special attention should be paid to sealing the joints to the vertical elements of the roof.

For more information about the technology of carrying out repair work using welded materials, see the video.

pitched roof

Soft roofs (flexible tiles) on pitched roofs come into fashion. This type of roofing has a number of undeniable advantages:

Long service life (up to 50 years).

Low windage, such roofing will not break even a hurricane.

High sound insulation.

Zero waste. No more than 5% of the flexible roof gets into waste, even on roofs of complex configuration.

In addition, roofs covered with flexible tiles look original and impressive. The basis of this coating is high-strength fiberglass. Flexible shingles are surprisingly easy to use and.

Despite the excellent performance, such a roof may also need to be repaired. To replace a significant section of the roofing carpet, you will have to re-lay the entire slope. But this happens extremely rarely (for example, in the event of a tree falling on the roof).

Small cracks or blisters can be easily repaired with roofing adhesive. To replace a coverage fragment, you need to:

Lift the tile above and remove the damaged one.
Pull out the fastening nails with a nail puller.
On the new tile Apply roofing adhesive in an even layer.
Install it in place, secure with additional roofing nails.
Apply roofing adhesive to the top piece at the overlap.
Press the repaired section of the roof for a while.

Repair cost

In the case when you make repairs with your own hands, it is worth making a preliminary estimate before starting work. Knowing which roofing material will be used for repairs and its price, it is possible to determine the cost of repairs with great accuracy.

If you not professional builder, you are unlikely to be able to take into account the cost of transportation and consumables, but this slightly increases the cost of repairs. On average, current repairs will cost you from 60-80 rubles per square meter, capital will cost more than 200 rubles. Construction services will increase costs by 2-2.5 times.

Small-sized soft roofs can be repaired without hiring professional roofers. The installation of such coatings is quite simple, but you will need care and accuracy when carrying out work - the roof does not tolerate hack work. Another mandatory condition is reliable insurance. Don't forget that any roofing This is top notch work.

Maintainability is a strong argument in favor of flexible materials used in the arrangement of roofs of private houses. Most Damage shingles and the owner of the house will personally eliminate the roll coating without problems.

He won't need sophisticated equipment and fundamental knowledge of an experienced roofer. You will need confidence in your own abilities and the basics of skill, according to which the soft roof of low-rise buildings is being repaired.

Commonplace leaks are usually a convincing signal that tells about the need for roof repair. They appear for various reasons, which include:

Design violations. Among them are errors in the arrangement of the layers of the roofing cake, incorrectly calculated thickness of the insulation, incorrectly selected coating, etc.
Installation errors. This is a failure to comply with the technology: incorrectly installed fasteners, insufficient application of the adhesive composition and similar mistakes.
Household damage. Their list most often includes punctures and breaks in the coating resulting from inaccurate movement on the roof, falling heavy objects with pointed edges, heavy wind, cleaning with a metal shovel.

To correct defects formed as a result of design violations, a major overhaul is needed. Not every home master will be able to cope with it without professional assistance. But the damage indicated in the second and third paragraphs is eliminated during the current repair. It does not require global dismantling, a large amount of work and the performance of highly complex operations. Almost all damage included in the current repair area is available to an inexperienced performer. Let's consider them.

Determining the location of damage

Traces of violation of the integrity of the coating do not always appear during the period of active snowmelt and rainfall. Although the ceiling, the attic sheathing, dampened rafters, wet due to liquid precipitation, are reasonably considered to be one hundred percent indicator. It happens that atmospheric moisture that has penetrated under the coating for some time first “runs” along the waterproofing, and then seeps into the gap that has finally met on its way. According to popular wisdom, water will always find a “hole” for itself, and it can also “grind a stone”. Where can we fight with its influence of wooden rafter system, crate and mineral wool insulation.

In the name of the long-term service of the roof, inspections must be carried out regularly, 4 times a year. They are needed for the timely identification of existing and emerging breakthroughs, which sooner or later will definitely make themselves felt. So that the consequences of small punctures, cracks, potentially dangerous blisters do not take on an emergency character, the roof is inspected each time in two stages, these are:

Studying the condition of the roof structure from the attic with a thorough check of wet spots and the degree of damage to system parts.
Inspection of the roof covering from the outside with a detailed inspection of defects and revision of places of possible water penetration.

It should be noted that the wet spots identified from the attic do not always coincide with the existing holes found on outside roofs. The causes and consequences of leaks are practically combined or are closest to each other by flat roofs. This is not typical for pitched structures: in reality, water penetrates higher than it leaves its destructive traces. This circumstance must certainly be remembered by the researcher of his own skates.

Roof repair technologies

The revision of the roof allows you to understand whether the home master will be able to repair the soft roof on his own, or it is better for him to resort to the services of builders. There are no fundamental snags with the current operations to eliminate defects in soft coatings. If the owner has not forgotten how to hold a tool in his hands, he is able to repair a roof covered with flexible tiles, a membrane and bitumen-polymer roll material.

Situation #1 - Replacing shingles of shingles

Minor roof leaks with shingles are corrected by replacing the damaged elements. The most common cause of tears in it is walking in frosty weather, when bituminous coating becomes brittle. You can make a hole by cleaning off the snow with a shovel or by dropping the tool on the surface. In addition, poorly fixed shingles can be torn off by a heavy gust of wind.

Holes in the coating tend to grow, as a result, part of the tile or the whole shingle comes off. Even if the owner is not embarrassed by the loss of aesthetic indicators, the element must be changed. And for a competent repair, you should familiarize yourself with the repair technology of a soft tiled roof and with the sequence of actions for replacing it.

It is not necessary to install a new shingle, which includes three parts with petal ends. Sometimes it is enough to replace only one petal. However, having in stock a few pieces with a similar color coating is very useful. They are needed precisely then, so that at any time it is possible to restore the coating.

Let's analyze the sequence of work on replacing 1/3 of the shingle, i.e. parts with a torn petal. To replace it, we need to remove that part of the tile that is covered by the elements laid on top. It is impossible to fasten a bituminous detail over a piece of shingle that has not been removed. After all, the surface relief resulting from the “lining” can become a new cause of coating rupture.

Algorithm for repairing bituminous tiles with one torn petal:

We determine the repair area and the installation points of the roofing nails intended for removal. It is advisable to mark them with chalk so that the park does not unfasten the part of the coating that is unnecessary for repair.
Carefully lift two rows of tiles over the area to be restored. Because the nails hammered into the lower part of the untorn part of the tile are the first to overlap from the damaged one. There are also upper mounts under the second one from the nearby damaged coating.
We install a small flat mount so that it wedges the tiles laid on top.
With a nail puller, remove the fasteners of the torn petal.
Similarly, we dismantle the nails that fastened the element to be removed.
Using scissors for metal, cut off the damaged part of the tile.
We remove the cut off part, trying not to damage adjacent elements.
We cut off a third from the spare shingle for replacement, lubricate the back bituminous mastic.
We install our repair tab instead of the removed part, align it with respect to neighboring elements and hammer nails, stepping back from the previous place by 3-5mm in a direction convenient for driving.
We fix our tab on four sides.
We process the heads of newly installed nails and fasteners of adjacent tiles with bitumen-polymer resin or mastic.
We apply mastic on the back side of all raised tiles.
We press the repair area to the crate and are pleased to understand that the current repair of the soft tiled roof has been successfully completed.

Both in the case of numerous damages, and in the case of replacing the entire bituminous shingle, they act according to the above algorithm.

If a roof covered with flexible tiles flows along the junction lines, then the cause should be sought in the cracking of the sealant, the detachment of the waterproofing carpets attached to the penetration, or, again, in violation of the penetration technology. In such situations, the tiles in the repair area, most often around the pipe or along the parapet line, are unfastened. And after the defect is eliminated by the described method, they are laid in place.

Situation #2 - Membrane Roof Repair

Holes and holes in the roofing membrane are the result of incorrect operation. Walk on the roof with polymer coated permitted only by footpaths laid specifically for its service. Tracks are constructed from an elastomeric strip with an anti-slip relief, produced by the manufacturers of this roofing material. To remove snow from the membrane, use a plastic or wooden shovel.

Small defects in the membrane roof are repaired by installing patches:

According to the actual dimensions of the hole, we make a patch, the outline of which should overlap the damaged area by at least 5 cm in all directions. Round off the edges of the patch.
Thoroughly wipe the area to be repaired with a damp cloth to remove dirt and dry it with a building hair dryer.
We weld the patch in one step to the surface. We place the nozzle of the welding device diagonally to the seam line. The welded surfaces are immediately rolled with a silicone roller. We direct all movements from an imaginary center to the periphery.

At heavy pollution around the hole, the patch can be placed under the coating and welded in the same way. You can rent a manual welding machine from a specialized company or a tool store.

If a welding device is not at hand to eliminate the defect, it is permissible to seal the gap with butyl rubber tape:

We cut the damaged material so that there are no frayed edges and flaps.
If there is damaged waterproofing under the membrane, we cut it too.
We clean and dry the area of the roof and the waterproofing carpet to be repaired. Soap stains and greasy marks on the membrane should not be.
We repair the waterproofing by applying a patch with rounded edges to the waterproofing sheet, pre-treated with bitumen-polymer mastic.
We glue the patch from the butyl tape, first removing the protective film from its back side.
With effort, we “walk” over the patch with a silicone roller or simply with a hand with a dry rag.
We process the edges of the patch with polyurethane sealant.

The materials used to repair the membrane must be compatible with the coating. Before applying the patch, the surface should be primed.

In addition to gaps and cracks during operation, flaws in the installation of the membrane may appear. The most common manifestation is delamination of the strip along the welded seam. In such cases, the coating is not patched, but the poorly welded strip is removed and a new one is laid. New seam it is recommended to duplicate the top with a welded strip of material with an approximate width of 10 cm.

Situation # 3 - elimination of defects in bituminous roofing

Fighting defects in bituminous and bitumen-polymer coatings is carried out along all fronts characteristic of soft roofs using characteristic repair methods. Common types of damage include:

Punctures, breakthroughs, gaps resulting from illiterate operation.
Cracking of the coating in the adjoining areas, formed due to the movements of the building structure not taken into account by the designer.
Blisters that have arisen above the places of moistening of thermal insulation. The reason may be laying the coating on top of a wet insulation or punctures in the vapor barrier layer from the inside.
Shallow depressions in a roof covering, formed when it is attached to an unrepaired concrete or cement-sand base with potholes.
Leaks all around roof penetrations, the prerequisites for the appearance of which are most often poor-quality pasting of the adjacent area with a waterproofing carpet or its mechanical damage.
Sliding of a rolled coating laid on the vertical planes of adjacent walls, pipes, parapets.
Peeling of the roofing carpet from the base due to insufficient adhesion to it, which arose due to the lack of soil or poor heating of the back side roll material.

Holes in the roofing carpet, the cause of which is incorrect operation, are not without reason leading the list of situations to be repaired. Damage to rolled material is often of mechanical origin.

Options for fixing minor defects:

Small breaks and punctures do not require a complete replacement of the coating, a patch is sufficient. The dimensions of the patch should cover the gap by 10 cm in all directions, its edges should be rounded. The patch is applied to the cleaned primed surface from above, if the base was a cement-sand screed or an uninsulated reinforced concrete slab. The patch is placed under the cut material, if the basis for laying was wood flooring, plywood, OSB sheet and similar materials. Large cracks are repaired by the same method.
Small fracturing is eliminated by filling the damaged area with bitumen-polymer mastic, applied in two layers. Coarse-grained topping is applied over the second layer of mastic.
Swellings that are insignificant in area should first be incised crosswise and dried with a hair dryer on the wet layers of the roofing cake. The corners of the cut turn outward in the form of petals and are scrupulously cleaned of dirt. The dried rear of the petals is heated with a propane torch, applied in place and rolled with a roller. A patch of identical roll material is placed on top of the notch.

Impressive swellings and gaps dictate the need for a major overhaul of the built-up soft roof with the replacement of the layers of the roofing cake that have had time to get wet. In order not to come to major alterations, the regularity of the inspection should be observed. Repair work is recommended to coincide with the days when the thermometer does not fall below +5ºС and does not rise above +18ºС. Deviations in both directions from the indicated temperature limit affect the elasticity and strength of the material.

If depressions with a depth of no more than 1.5 cm appear on the surface of the rolled roof, the repair is carried out according to the principle of eliminating bubbles:

The material is cut in the form of an envelope, the cut ends are bent and dried.
Pour into the hole cement-sand mortar and let it dry. Mastic for leveling recesses can not be used.
Mastic is applied to the surface of the fill.
The dried petals of the incision are returned to their place and glued.
A patch is applied on top, the dimensions of which overlap the incisions by 10 cm.

Minor leaks in the area of roofing penetrations are fought by opening finishing material and replacement of waterproofing pasting. Often, an autopsy shows that only the sealant layer is damaged. It just needs to be updated.

Things are much more complicated with the elimination of leaks in the area of roofing adjoining and passages, if the problems are associated with delamination, cracking and destruction of the coating. Troubleshoot such problems as follows:

We release the junctions from a protective apron - metal or asbestos-cement around the chimneys, bituminous along the lines of interface of the walls and the parapet with the roof.
We remove the old waterproofing carpet and dry the surface.
We glue a new waterproofing carpet on the mastic so that 30 cm of it falls on a vertical surface.
We fix the edge of the new waterproofing on vertical surface metal rail or an apron.
We seal the seams.

Peeling of the roofing is also repaired, if the area of the defect does not cause any particular concern and does not suggest the complete replacement of one or two adjacent strips. In delamination areas, care should be taken to separate the coating from the base and adjacent strips as much as possible. The base and the separated material should be thoroughly cleaned and dried, after drying, primed. The undersides of the separated coating are reheated with a gas burner and welded onto the substrate.

Actions for re-gluing the peeled coating are performed if the strip that has separated from the base does not have more significant damage. If there are large breaks and punctures, the sheet must be completely separated from the base and a new strip should be laid.

Situation # 4 - repair of roof penetrations

A soft roof can also leak due to the fault of poor-quality casings used to equip the crossing of the roof with communications. Rubber or plastic fixtures can simply burst. Damaged attributes of the arrangement are subject to unconditional replacement:

The coating around the penetration is separated from the base.
Remove the waterproof collar.
We dismantle the casing.
Installing a new device.
We cut out a new collar from the waterproofing carpet, using the old one as a template if it is irreparably damaged.
We clean the surface around the penetration and process it with mastic.
We put the collar on the casing.
We again process the repaired area with mastic.
We put the coating separated from the base in its original place.

In fact, the replacement of communication accessories is carried out in the same way as the initial installation. Watch a video that will help you learn in detail the principle of repairing penetration through a soft roof:

The presented examples of repairing soft roofing will help get rid of most of the characteristic defects that annoy the owners of private houses. Compliance with the restoration rules guarantees an excellent result. And the owner can do everything with my own hands without the participation of roofers.

Soft roof is one of the popular species roof coverings. It is successfully used both in the construction of private houses, outbuildings, and for multi-storey buildings. Materials of this group are made on the basis of bitumen and fiberglass. They have such advantages as: ease of installation, increased noise, hydro and heat insulation properties. In this case, even for the repair of special costs will not be required. And all the work can be done independently.

Roof repair documentation

When carrying out repair work on a soft roof, they are guided by the following documents:

estimate (work production document). It takes into account all planned repair activities on this roof. For example, dismantling the roof, preparing the base, installing new material and sealing joints, creating a waterproofing layer. The estimate includes the cost of consumables and combustible materials, as well as the cost of their delivery. This document will help to estimate the budget for future repairs and decide whether to carry it out on your own or to provide an opportunity for specialists to do it;
SNiP ( building codes and rules). During the repair, it is important to follow the requirements that are set out in the document SNiP "Repair of soft roof" number 11-26-76. It contains all the necessary materials for waterproofing, types of mastic, roofing materials and requirements for the order of work;
PPR (project for the production of works). This document is important if roof repairs are being carried out. apartment building. It indicates the rationale for the repair work, the results of the survey of the roof, its characteristics, methods of organizing and methods for the production of roofing work.

Types of damage and types of repair

A soft roof needs periodic inspection. It will help to identify all violations of the integrity of the roofing in time and to carry out restoration work in a timely manner. Common problems with soft roofs are:

bloating;
Swelling of a soft roof may appear as a result of a violation of the technology of laying materials
rotting, the appearance of fungus and moss as a result of the formation of cracks with accumulated water;

Moss on a soft roof appears as a result of a violation of laying technology
stratification of material at the joints of the canvases;

The delamination of the roofing material can be repaired by sealing the ends and reinforcing the seam with a patch
mechanical damage - appear due to the possible contact of the roof with antennas, branches;

A soft roof may crumble after the end of its service life or when adverse conditions use
dark spots;

Bituminous shingles can change color over time and even exfoliate.
curved edges of shingles.

A preventive examination should be carried out at least twice a year. At the same time, it is recommended to regularly clean the roof from branches, debris and snow. These measures will increase the service life and minimize repair costs.

Depending on the type of damage, there are three types of soft roof repairs:

Video: local repair of shingle roofing

Maintenance

Current repairs are carried out when minor defects in the soft roof are detected. The solution to the problem depends on its type. For example, for a rolled roof, the following repair options are used:

The damaged section of bituminous tiles can also be replaced. To do this, carefully lift all the damaged plates, as well as those adjacent to them, with a trowel to pull out the defective ones. Remove nails with a nail puller. Lay new pieces of roofing material, fixing with nails, and additionally process the joints silicone sealant.

For local repair of shingles, only damaged tiles need to be replaced

Video: partial repair of the soft roof of the garage

Overhaul

Major repairs of soft roofs are carried out in the following sequence:

Video: step-by-step overhaul of the built-up roof

emergency repair

Emergency roof repair involves the urgent restoration of the damaged part of the coating. For example, creating a large patch at the site of damaged materials.

This measure can prevent leakage, but is only effective if the area of the damaged area does not exceed 20% of the total roof area.

To install patches you need:

You can also apply a patch on a roof made of bituminous tiles. The repair method is similar, only a special solution or silicone sealant is used for gluing.

This repair method is only effective if the cause of the leak is a visible defect.

Video: replacing damaged areas on a shingle roof

Necessary materials

Various materials are used to repair soft roofs. The choice depends on which layer of the roofing cake is supposed to be repaired:

for the top layer - "Uniflex", "Linocrom", "Isoplast". Their service life is more than 10 years;
for the bottom layer - "Beriplast", "Stekloelast", "Technoelast". They are characterized by increased elasticity and the ability to create additional thermal insulation.

The materials of the top layer of the roof must contain mineral dressing, which serves to protect against solar radiation. The thickness of such a canvas should be chosen in the range from 4.5 to 5 mm. And for the bottom layer, the rolled roofing material can be thinner.

Cold styling mastic

The most commonly used mastic is suitable for laying roofing material without heating. It is used to repair the inner layers of the roofing cake. You need to choose only that mastic, which includes bitumen and a mixture of dusty type, for example, gypsum or lime.

Mastic can be prepared independently, having the necessary components

If desired, mastic can be made independently.

To do this, you need to mix one portion of the filler and two portions of bitumen and gasoline. But you need to connect the components after the bitumen heats up to 180 o C and water completely evaporates from it. Before repair, the resulting mixture must be cooled.

The way to use this mastic is as follows:

Video: urgent roof repair with liquid mastic

Liquid rubber

Sometimes liquid rubber is used to repair soft roofs. She is able to create seamless coating, which virtually eliminates the penetration of water into the roofing cake. Liquid rubber is used to seal small gaps and cracks and to overhaul.

It is more convenient to apply liquid rubber from a spray bottle

Its peculiarity is that the material can be applied in two ways:

using a spray gun - this method is relevant when repairing roofs of a large area;
roller or brush - requires a longer time, so it is only suitable for local repairs or small buildings.

If there is no experience with special equipment, then for self repair roofs it is better to choose the second method.

Liquid rubber is applied in several layers. Moreover, each subsequent layer can be applied only after the previous one is completely dry. This is usually done at intervals of 7-10 minutes.

The application technology itself is as follows:

Video: spraying liquid rubber on roofing material

Roll waterproofing is usually used for the overhaul of a soft roof. This requires the complete dismantling of the old coating.

Hydroisol - inexpensive roll waterproofing material glass-based, made with double-sided application of bitumen and sprinkles

This weld material has the following structure:

base (fiberglass or fiberglass);
modified bituminous coating on both sides of the base;
shale powder as a protective layer.

The waterproofing is laid in two layers. Used both cold and hot way installation. The fusing technology is as follows:

Remember that excessive heat will damage the material or cause a fire. Hydroisol is also available in the form cold mastic.

Waterproofing in the form of mastic consists of polymeric bitumen and is used as a protective roofing layer

Video: how to properly weld roll roofing material

Repair Equipment

Before starting work, not only the material is prepared, but also necessary equipment. You will need:

If an emergency repair is being carried out in winter time, then you need a shovel to clear the roof of snow.

Repair work is carried out in special working clothes: gloves, boots, pants made of dense fabric, goggles.

Before working on the restoration of a soft roof, it is important to consider how badly the coating is damaged. Based on the inspection data, it is easy to make a decision about the upcoming work. And then determine: what materials to use, how voluminous the repair will be (whether the entire roofing will need to be replaced or only the restoration of some layers of the roofing cake).

Properly installed soft roof regularly serves 15 years. However, its ideal condition must be constantly taken care of. After a certain period of operation, a soft coating may need emergency or current repairs, and a little later - a major one. To understand whether it is time to restore the roof, it will turn out only after a thorough visual inspection.

Roofing carpet diagnostics

Climbing up to the roof and assessing the damage to the coating will help to clearly comprehend how much work is expected. When examining a soft roof, you need to investigate the appearance of such problems as:

detachment of the material in the area of combining the panels;
You can verify that the soft coating is peeling off at the joints of the panels by carefully lifting the material.
the formation of pits that are filled with water;
swelling of the coating in some places due to penetration of water into the interior;
Bubbles or creases in the soft surface indicate that the material could not be firmly pressed to the base when laying.
rotting of the material, accompanied by the appearance of mold and fungus, which always result from prolonged exposure to moisture;
mechanical damage to the coating (cracks, abrasions, holes).
Cracks in soft roofing often appear due to exposure to atmospheric agents.

After a critical inspection of the soft roof, a decision can be made regarding the type of repair - emergency, current or capital.

Per disaster recovery soft roofs are accepted when they see that from 5 to 20% of the coverage area needs an ambulance to normalize operational characteristics. To return the carpet to perfect condition, patches are placed in places where leaks are found or may soon appear.

Patches will help restore soft roofing if it has deteriorated by a maximum of 40%

Current repairs are necessary if 10-40% of the coating has been damaged. It is expressed in the partial replacement of the roofing carpet or patching.

Capital restoration of a soft covering is an extreme measure. They resort to it, being sure that more than 40% of the roofing carpet has been badly damaged.

Significantly damaged roof patches will not help. With a significant destruction of the bituminous layer, the deterioration of the properties of water resistance and vapor barrier, they are struggling with a complete or at least extensive replacement of the material.

Roof with serious damage in need of major repairs

Tools and materials for repair

The roof repair kit includes:

Technoelast, Bireplast and Glass Elast are well suited for restoring the lower layer of soft coating. These materials are elastic and act as an additional barrier against the cold.

When repairing a soft roof, it is better to create the top layer of the coating from uniflex, isoplast, isoelast or linocrom. With any of the listed materials, the roofing carpet will acquire special strength and last more than 10 years.

Different materials are used as the first and second layers of soft roofing.

It is better to process the finishing layer of the roofing with hot bitumen-polymer mastic.

Hot mastic is prepared in a cauldron. Bitumen is used as the main ingredient. As soon as it heats up to 200 degrees, the filler is slowly poured into it. The main thing is that when mixing the components, the temperature of the composition does not fall below 160 degrees, otherwise the mastic will turn out to be low-grade. The heated bitumen is poured into gasoline, after which it is carefully mixed with a wooden stick and immediately used.

To repair the inner layers of the roof, cold mastic is used.

The cold composition is prepared by mixing one part of the filler with two parts of bitumen, heated to 180 degrees, and gasoline in the same volume. The components are connected to each other, waiting for all the water to come out of the bitumen in the form of steam. The finished mass is not used until it cools down.

To process the finishing layers of a soft roof, bituminous mastic is used, which can be bought ready-made or made independently.

Emergency and current repair of a soft roof

In order to qualitatively eliminate defects on a soft roofing carpet, you must act strictly according to the instructions.

How to fix holes and cracks

When the roofing carpet is torn, proceed as follows:

Video: what to do with holes in a soft roof

How to re-glue broken joints

It will be possible to again make a good joint between two panels of soft cover if the following measures are taken:

How to eliminate blisters on the roof

It is preferable to deal with blisters on a soft roof like this:

How to remove a rotten coating

When rotting a soft roof, the following work is performed:

What to do when the material peels off

If the soft coating lags behind the base, which usually occurs due to insufficient heating of the lower layer of the roof or laying the material on a dirty surface, then proceed as follows:

Overhaul

Roofing overhaul measures are determined by the type of material that is planned to be used.

Major overhaul with laying roofing material

Using when full recovery soft roofing with roofing material, do the following:

The author of the article strongly recommends laying the roofing material in four hands. One person should be assigned the duty to act with a burner on inside material, and on the other - roll out and press the panels to the base. Alone, it will be difficult to perform two complex actions at the same time. In this scenario, there is a big risk of moving off the flat line.

Video: overhaul of a soft roof with laying roofing material

Overhaul with bikrost

If it is necessary to completely replace the soft roof covering with bikrost, they act in the same way as when laying roofing material. The only difference is that mastic is not used during operation - due to the special composition, the bicrost, heated by a gas burner, sticks on its own.

Bikrost is glued to the base of the roof without the use of mastic

To properly cover the roof with a bicrost, you need to know the following:

the material is laid on the roof from the bottom up;
the roll is rolled out, carefully heating and giving Special attention corners and edges of the cloth;
strips of material are glued to the base quickly, while overlapping 7-8 cm;
bicrost soft roofing is created in 2 layers.

Overhaul with corrugated board

Restoration of the roof with profiled sheets is carried out in stages:

Features of repairing a soft roof in winter

Trying to do anything with a soft roof during the cold season is almost a crime. Refusing to repair the roofing carpet in winter is not worth it only if there are serious reasons for this.

For emergency repair of a soft roof, regardless of the air temperature, they are taken when the roof began to leak heavily, being damaged by someone who fell on it heavy object. The reason for the urgent restoration of the roofing carpet may also be the deflection of the coating as a result of the pressure of a large layer of snow or the formation of leaks due to thaw.

When repairing a soft roof in winter, the following rules must be followed:

Video: soft roof repair in winter

Preventive measures and features of operation

To insure a soft roof from deformation and other damage, the following measures must be taken:

Caring for a soft roof in winter is very specific, as it involves performing tasks such as:

removal of snow until a layer of 5 cm thick remains on the surface of the coating, which will serve as additional protection against the negative influence of the weather;
using only a wooden or plastic shovel for cleaning, incapable of scratching soft material, unlike a metal tool.

In summer, the requirements for the operation of a soft roof are greatly simplified. In order to preserve the original appearance of the coating, it is enough to do just two things:

periodically remove debris using a brush or brush with soft bristles, otherwise cracks will appear on the material;
wash the roof once every 2 months and wipe it dry with a rag.

If you do not be late with the repair and adhere to the requirements of operation, the soft roof will last no less than its manufacturer indicated. In this matter, it is important to make it a rule that the roll coating must be inspected as often as possible.

Soft roofing, due to its low cost and ease of installation, remains quite popular today. However, it has to be repaired more often than others. Let's see how the repair takes place and what materials are used for this.

When repairs are needed

The most obvious and indisputable evidence that the time has come to repair the roof is the appearance of water on the walls and ceiling. But this is already an extreme case, which can be accompanied by a number of unpleasant events, including a short circuit in the power grid. It is clear that it is better not to bring the roof to such a state, and for this it must be inspected twice a year. If this is not possible, you can reduce the frequency of inspections to once a year, but not less often. The following signs should cause concern:

It is extremely important to clean the soft roof from branches, other heavy debris, materials left after construction or repair work in a timely manner. All this, under the influence of its own weight, eventually begins to "sink" in the roofing, deforming it and violating its integrity.

Particular attention should be paid to the junction of the roof to the skylights, skylights, chimneys and ventilation pipes passing through it.

If the roof has already leaked, you should not immediately start repairing the area directly above the leak: the roof must be carefully examined, since the defect can be located at a distance of up to several meters from the place where water appeared on the ceiling.

Types of soft roof repair

Works on the restoration of the roofing "pie" are divided into the following types:

Emergency repair. It is produced unscheduled on an emergency basis, when the defects present can clearly lead or have already led to leaks. In the overwhelming majority of cases, only the top coating is affected, the damaged fragment of which is replaced with a new one or, more often, covered with a patch. Usually the area of the reconstructed area does not exceed 20% of the total area of the roof.
Maintenance. It consists in the elimination of potentially dangerous defects identified during a scheduled inspection. Usually, the case is also limited to the manipulation of the top coating, which is either patched up or partially replaced. The area of repaired areas rarely exceeds 40% of the roof area. Current repairs are recommended to be carried out annually, since the elimination of defects at an early stage in the case of a soft roof can save a lot.
Capital repairs. It is produced when the proportion of problem areas on the roof surface exceeds 40%. The work covers the entire roofing "pie" as a whole, including the restoration of the vapor barrier. Top Coat for the most part is replaced with a new one.

Overhaul is a rather expensive undertaking, which may well exceed the cost of the device new roof(the difference in price is due to the dismantling and garbage disposal).

Preparation for the repair of a soft roof

During the repair of the roof, the building becomes vulnerable to precipitation, so it is extremely important to prepare so that the work is completed quickly and, as they say, without a hitch. On the this stage a number of issues should be taken care of.

Budgeting

If you have a detailed estimate during the repair process, you will not have to spend time on additional purchases of something extremely necessary that was overlooked. When compiling this document, you should think everything over very carefully, so that it provides for absolutely all types of work and materials, down to the most insignificant. Along the way, the estimate will allow you to objectively assess the upcoming costs and compare them with real financial opportunities.

If it is decided to entrust the repair of the roof to a third-party organization, then in order to draw up an estimate, she will need to provide the following information:

a roof plan with dimensions, which indicates all pipes, shafts, parapets on the roof (thickness and height must be indicated), cornice overhangs (adjacency zones must be shown);
description or photographic images of defects;
desired list of works;
the name of the material that it was decided to use as a roofing.

Selection and purchase of materials

Nowadays, it is possible to purchase any material and in any quantity without problems. But the master should take into account that in the development of roofing, as in all other areas of human life, there is a rapid development, and in order to spend money wisely, this issue should be more or less understood. Let's start with the fact that the familiar roofing material with a cardboard frame has long been recognized as obsolete. It was bypassed by analogues with a foil base - folgoizol and metalloizol.

Folgoizol is a multilayer material

But these materials are far from ideal: bitumen in its pure form does not tolerate frost and temperature extremes, it is “not friendly” with ultraviolet radiation. The mastics used for gluing bituminous roll materials are also short-lived: the sun's rays quickly make them brittle. As a result, the only advantage of such coatings - low cost - is completely canceled out by the cost of major repairs, which have to be carried out every 5–7 years.

Those wishing to have a roof with a longer service life should pay attention to modern materials.

Bitumen-polymer roll coatings

Thanks to polymer additives, volume fraction which varies up to 12%, bitumen becomes more plastic and does not crack much longer: the service life is 15–20 years. Fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester film is used as a frame. This group of materials includes:

Materials with additives of thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers, crumb rubber and elastomers, which are considered very promising, should be singled out as a separate subgroup. These include:

dnepromast;
filizol;
thermoflex;
dneproflex;
luberite;
elabit;
glass mast T;
atakton;
mastoplast;
isoplast;
bicroelast;
bicroplast, etc.

Bitumen-polymer materials, due to their durability, reduce the cost of maintenance of a soft roof by 2 times. At the same time, they inherited some disadvantages from bituminous materials:

the coating must be laid in several layers (3-5);
a protective powder of stone chips is required;
in hot weather the coating is greatly softened and with a roof slope of more than 25 degrees it can slip.

Roll materials made of petroleum resins or rubber

The most advanced option has the following advantages:

laying is done in one layer (the second name is single-layer membranes);
does not soften in the heat, so it can be laid on roofs with any slope;
the width of the roll can be up to 15 m, so that the coating has very few seams;
can be installed in winter;
the material is elastic and very durable;
resistant to frost and ultraviolet radiation, does not oxidize;
has served for over 25 years.

The material can be glued with special glue or bitumen (some brands are available in self-adhesive versions), fixed with threaded fasteners, or simply sprinkled with a layer of rubble.

The roofing membrane is made of ethylene propylene rubber and polypropylene (approximately 30% of the total composition)

Due to single-layer laying and a significant service life of the membrane, the cost of installing and maintaining a roof is reduced by 4 times compared to bituminous.

Rubber and polymer membranes are successfully produced in Russia. As an example, we can cite the materials of Cromel (JSC Kirov Plant of Artificial Leather) and Rukril (JSC Chemical Plant in the town of Rezha near Yekaterinburg), as well as products of JSC Nizhnekamskneftekhim.

Liquid materials (mastics)

In this case, we are not talking about adhesive mastics, but about bitumen-polymer and polymer compositions, with the help of which self-leveling roofs are made. In everyday life they are often called " liquid rubber". The base material is mixed with a hardener and applied as such to the flat surface. After some time, the liquid turns into a strong, elastic, rubber-like coating, on which there is not a single seam.

The maximum elongation of the material is 1000%, so it retains its integrity even when the roof is deformed.

Liquid rubber is based on bitumen, and the material can be applied with a brush, which makes it convenient to use.

Mastics are resistant to weather factors, including low temperatures and UV radiation, and their service life depends on the composition:

bitumen-rubber - 15 years (for example, "Venta-U", "Gekopren", "Elamast");
bitumen-latex - 20 years ("Blam-20", etc.);
butyl rubber and chlorosulfopolyethylene - 25 years ("Polikrov-L", "Polikrov M-120", "Polikrov M-140", etc.)

Liquid roofing materials tolerate deformations, temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation well.

An important advantage of self-leveling roofing is their low weight - from 2 to 10 kg/m 2 .

If laying is carried out on a roof with a large slope and at temperatures above +25 0 С, cement or other thickener must be added to the mastic.

Mastics are safe for health, as they do not emit harmful volatile substances. For application, the method of cold spraying is used, which excludes the possibility of ignition.

Instrument preparation

Soft roofing cannot be repaired with bare hands, so you need to arm yourself with the following tools:

Work with a gas burner must be in protective glasses.

Soft roof repair technology

The method of roof restoration depends on what defects were identified.

Bonding a peeled-off panel

The operation is carried out in stages:

The detached fragment rises. The base or roll material under it is cleaned of debris and thoroughly dried with a building hair dryer.
The base is smeared with bituminous mastic and the exfoliated panel is glued.
From above, the restored seam is also smeared with mastic.

Bituminous mastic can be made independently. It is applied in two forms:

cold: to repair the inner layers;
in hot: as an outer coating.

To prepare cold mastic, you will need the following ingredients in a ratio of 1: 2: 2, respectively:

pulverized filler (lime, gypsum, ash);
bitumen;
petrol.

First of all, you need to heat the bitumen to 180 º C and hold it until all the water it contains has evaporated. After that, the components are mixed, the mastic is cooled and used for its intended purpose.

A small amount of bituminous mastic can be prepared independently

It is impossible to pour gasoline into heated bitumen, just the opposite - bitumen into gasoline.

To prepare hot mastic, bitumen is heated in a boiler to 200 º C and boiled, gradually adding filler. Stirring can be done with a stick. It is important that the bitumen temperature during mixing does not fall below 160 º C, otherwise the quality of the material will be extremely low.

Mastic should be used immediately after preparation, it can not be stored.

The patch is installed in the following order:

The damaged area is cut down with an ax. If the defect looks like a bubble, it must be cut crosswise and dried, bending the resulting "petals". After drying, they are returned to their place, glued with bitumen or nailed.
Further, all debris is removed from the coating area adjacent to the defect, after which it is cleaned from dirt and dust.
The defect, together with the area adjacent to it, is filled with bituminous mastic or sealant.
A piece of roll material is glued on top, which should good stock cover the damaged area.
The patch is filled with bituminous mastic or sealant, which must be rolled over it with a roller. The distribution is carried out so that the filling has the greatest thickness at the edges of the patch.

The sequence of operations when installing a patch on euroroofing material

Roof patching is not the most reliable method of repair, since it does not cover hidden defects. Experienced craftsmen they try to apply the method, although more expensive, but one hundred percent effective - "repair the old way."

Video: minor roof repairs

"Old Renovation"

The worn roof is completely covered with a new coating without dismantling the old one. Before that, it needs to be put in order - cleaned of debris and dirt, sweep away dust.

Before such repairs, it is necessary to assess whether the structures can withstand the weight of the old and new coating. In any case, the number of layers on the roof should not exceed eight.

Video: roof repair "the old way"

Overhaul

With significant damage to the roof, even "repair the old way" becomes impossible. In such a situation, you should resort to major repairs. In the most advanced case, it will consist of the following steps:

Removal of old roofing.
Screed screed.
Dismantling the heater.
Restoration or replacement of the vapor barrier.
Repair of the internal drainage system.
Insulation lining.
Giving the surface the necessary slope with the help of sand bedding.
Installation of funnels of the internal drainage system.
Laying cement-sand screed. To prevent the water from evaporating from the solution, it can be covered with bitumen after installation.
Installation of roofing (the screed is treated with a primer before this).

The rolls are rolled out parallel to the lower edge of the roof, starting from the bottom. Each subsequent strip overlaps the previous one with an overlap of 10 cm. With significant slopes, the amount of overlap must be increased. The edges of the strips are treated with bituminous mastic.

The next layer is laid with bandaging of the seams, that is, so that the new strips cover the edges of the strips of the underlying layer.

Before laying the last, top layer, it is recommended to fill the roof with water and see if there are puddles left somewhere. If there are any, they are marked with chalk, after which the water is driven off and the roof is dried. Further, the marked areas are poured with hot mastic or an additional piece of rolled material with a thickness of not more than 1 mm is laid on them.

The work is completed by applying a reflective or fire-retardant coating. traditional materials- roofing material, glassine or roofing felt - you need to cover it with hot bituminous mastic on top, and then sprinkle with stone chips. It is pressed into the bitumen with a roller. New materials usually already have a protective powder.

It is clear that if some elements or layers of the roof are in a satisfactory condition, the work associated with them can not be performed. In a good scenario, major repairs may be limited to replacing the roofing with a small local repair of the base and minor repairs some elements.

If a third-party organization was engaged in the repair of the roof, then one more stage is added to the list - checking the quality of the work. Here's what a homeowner needs to look out for:

Correct laying of panels. They should lie evenly, with a uniform over the entire length and not too much overlap.
The tightness of the edges of the coating to the base. Strong wind undermines the roof precisely at the edges, so it is extremely important that they are very carefully and securely glued or fused.
Leaks during rain. At first, the ceilings on the upper floor after each rain should be carefully inspected for water leakage. Reputable roof repair companies and crews usually give a guarantee on their work, so if a leak is found, the customer has every right to demand that the defects be corrected.

Before contacting a third-party organization, it would be useful to study regulations regulating the installation of soft roofs. First of all - SNiP II-26-76 "Roofs" (section "Roofs from rolled and mastic materials"). Of course, in some small things they lag behind life, in particular, they do not take into account the appearance on the market latest materials, but most of the recommendations presented are quite relevant.

Video: overhaul

Emergency repairs in winter

Most of the materials used for soft roofing are not designed for installation at low temperatures. But emergency situation may well occur in winter: a large amount of snow, a strong snowstorm or ice movement can damage the roof. The following tips will help you carry out emergency repairs:

First of all, the roof must be freed from snow, but in such a way as not to damage it even more. It is best to use a rubberized scraper for this purpose.
For temporary patching of holes, materials that do not brittle in the cold should be used. Of these, the most affordable are corrugated board and metal tiles. If a decision is made to make a patch of bituminous material, it must be kept in a heated room until the last moment. When frozen, it will crack when unwrapped.
There are varieties of sealants designed for use at low temperatures - and they should be used.
We must not forget that it gets dark early in winter, so you should take care of lighting the work site.
The equipment should provide for the possibility of a sharp deterioration in the weather, it is also advisable to get an assistant.

In winter, before the start of repairs, it is necessary to clean the surface of the roof from snow.

Video: soft roof repair technology

Due to its low strength, soft roofs have to be repaired quite often, but today the situation can be significantly improved by using the latest materials. The main thing is to follow the safety regulations governing the work at height. The place where the dismantled materials will be dumped must be fenced off and marked with warning signs.