Cold applied bituminous mastic - the main points that you did not know about. Varieties of bituminous mastics technonicol hot and cold application Bituminous hot application

Petroleum bitumen for a long time was the only waterproofing material building structures– roofs, basements, pipes and concrete trays.

Low cost and good performance provided him wide application in construction.

However, in its pure form, bitumen cannot be called a good waterproofing agent. The reason is that after cooling, the bituminous film cracks from low temperatures, and under the influence of the summer heat it begins to flow.

Therefore, building science has been constantly searching for additives that eliminate these shortcomings.

As a result of numerous experiments and full-scale tests, bituminous mastic for roofing has become, which, in addition to the main binder, includes a plasticizing agent and mineral additives.

Today, latex, rubber, oil and rubber are used as components that prevent cracking of bitumen. In addition to them, various mineral substances are introduced into the composition of mastics based on bituminous resins: basalt wool, asbestos, ash, lime, crushed quartz or brick dust.

Fillers reinforce the waterproofing, increasing its crack resistance and hardness, and also save the main binder. In addition, the use of bituminous mastic for protection metal structures requires good anti-corrosion properties from it. Therefore, inhibitors are added to the composition of modern bitumen compositions - substances that slow down the corrosion of iron.

Classification of bituminous mastics

1. According to the technological features of the application

Depending on the temperature range at which bitumen softens and hardens, hot and cold mastics are distinguished. The former are heated to +160 C before application. At this temperature, bitumen passes into a plastic state, and after application to the insulated surface, it hardens.

In cold mastic, bitumen is mixed with a solvent. Therefore, it does not need to be heated, but hardens after the solvent has evaporated.

According to the method of preparation, cold hardening bituminous mastics are divided into:

one-component
two-component

One-component bituminous mastic for waterproofing the foundation can be used immediately after the container has been opened. It is convenient for work, but not for storage. Having opened such a mastic, it must be fully worked out. Otherwise, it will harden and become unusable.

Production and sale of bituminous building materials: bituminous mastic of all kinds. Prices, characteristics, types and description of mastics.

The two-component composition must first be prepared by adding a thickener to the bituminous composition and mixing the components well. It takes time, but it avoids unjustified losses. It is also important that the shelf life of two-component mastics is several times longer than that of one-component mastics.

2. By type of elastic additives

Depending on the type of additives that improve the elasticity and strength of mastics, GOST divides them into rubber-bitumen, polyurethane-bitumen, bitumen-latex, bitumen-rubber and bitumen-oil.

Each of the listed compositions is the same bitumen-polymer mastic, the properties and method of application of which do not differ significantly. Rubber and rubber, latex and polyurethane create a homogeneous waterproofing coating, eliminating the two main disadvantages of petroleum bitumen - fluidity at high temperatures and cracking at low.

Between themselves, bituminous mastics differ in the strength and elasticity of the film formed, as well as in the temperature regime of operation.

For example, bitumen with polyurethane or rubber is the champion of elasticity. formed by him protective film can increase the original length by almost 20 times without forming breaks.

An exception is a bituminous composition containing oil solvent. This is a non-hardening mastic. It is ideal for isolating underground utilities that are subject to constant impact. ground water and vibration loads.

Adhesive bitumen-oil mastic does not form a rigid film, therefore it does not crack and maintains the integrity of the insulation. This one-component mastic is not afraid of frost down to -50C and can withstand heating up to +80C. However, for roofing works where a strong protective membrane is required, it is not suitable. It is dominated by bitumen-polymer compositions that harden in air.

Elastic rubber-bitumen mastic formerly predominantly used for automotive body work. It firmly adheres to any surface (even with open metal), is not afraid of vibration, shock and stretching. Temperature regime its application is very wide (from -40C to + 100C).

You can work with rubber-bitumen insulation on any surface: wood, metal, concrete and brick. Like other bituminous mastics, it can be used as a basis for gluing rolled waterproofing. It dries in about 24 hours, and gains maximum strength after 7 days.

Cold bitumen-rubber mastic is similar in its properties., which has high operational and technological characteristics:

Does not require hot work
Optimal for processing complex profiles, joints, junctions and transitions of different surfaces
Forms a uniform and even coating
Biocidal and antiseptic
It has high heat resistance (up to +100С), frost resistance (up to -60С) and adhesion to an inclined surface (up to an angle of 45°)
Service life reaches 25 years.

Bitumen-rubber mastic composition can be used for both small and medium-sized repairs roofing, waterproofing concrete tanks, basements, bathrooms and balconies.

Inexpensive bitumen-latex mastic produced by mixing petroleum bitumen with an emulsion of synthetic rubber (latex). It is easy to apply, adheres well to the substrate, and is resistant to water and aggressive substances. The elasticity of this waterproofing is preserved up to a temperature of -35 C, and fluidity is observed when heated above + 80C.

The latex mastic composition is applied without preheating. They can isolate any types of building structures, as well as glue roofing material, plywood and insulation.

Application technology

All mastic compositions based on petroleum bitumen are applied in two ways: manual and mechanical. Manual is used for small volumes of insulation, and compressors with sprayers are used to treat areas measured in hundreds and thousands of square meters.

Surface preparation for all mastics is the same: it must be cleaned of dust, peeling layers of the old coating and debris. Cracks are carefully sealed, after which the surface is dried and coated with a primer (primer). This primer is sold in ready-made or it is kneaded on the site from the mastic and the solvent corresponding to it.

Some types of modern bituminous mastics do not need to dry the base. This point is specified separately by the manufacturer in the instructions.

The mastic is applied with wide flat brushes, sprayers, spatulas or rollers, controlling the uniformity of the insulation thickness. The strips are arranged in parallel, with a slight "overlap" (5-10 cm). After one layer dries, the next one is applied. For waterproofing roofs, pools and basements, from 2 to 4 layers of insulation are used, reinforcing them with a reinforcing fiberglass mesh. For vertical walls(application is carried out from the bottom up) usually a 2-layer coating is enough.

The consumption of bitumen-rubber and rubber-bitumen compositions depends on the type of work and the number of layers. When sticking roofing material in one layer, it ranges from 250 to 800 grams per 1 m2. If the mastic is used as the main material for multi-layer roofing, then its consumption with a coating thickness of 10 mm is on average 16-18 kg / m2.

For a single-layer waterproofing of building structures (basements, walls, containers), 5 to 7 kg of bitumen-latex mastic mixture will be required. If it's about new roof when 3-4 layers of mastic are applied to the surface, mesh reinforced, then its consumption increases to 12-14 kg/m2.

Bitumen-oil mastic for processing one square meter the surface of the pipes is required from 1 to 1.5 kg. With a two-layer application, its consumption accordingly increases to 1.5-3 kg.

Manufacturers and estimated prices

The largest domestic companies producing a wide range of bituminous mastics for various purposes are TechnoNIKOL, Grida, RusMonolit and MPK KRZ. They produce products of stable and predictable quality, which fully meets the requirements of GOST.

The average price of a standard 19-kilogram bucket of bitumen-rubber and bitumen-rubber mastic, depending on the manufacturer and region of sale, ranges from 1600 to 2000 rubles.

Bitumen-latex mastic is much cheaper and its price is in the range from 1000 to 1200 rubles per bucket (19 kg).

For a bucket of hot bituminous mastic, sellers ask from 700 to 900 rubles.

Surface treatment with bitumen is the most affordable and effective way brick waterproofing, concrete structures, metal tanks, pipes, wooden beams and other building materials. However, bitumen in its pure form has some disadvantages - the material is difficult to apply, and under the influence of temperature changes, the protective film cracks. Substances have been added to the composition of modern bituminous mastics that increase the hardness and crack resistance of the waterproofing coating.

Let's consider what technical and operational properties bitumen has, what technology should be followed when applying the material, and we will also give recommendations on choosing a waterproofing mastic.

Composition of bituminous mastic

Bituminous mastic is a plastic material with high binders and waterproofing properties. The composition of the material, in addition to bitumen, includes binders organic matter and mineral supplements.

Hardness, density and resistance to low temperatures provide the following components:

asbestos dust;
mineral wool;
quartz, limestone and brick powders (pulverized) on a thin-sheet basis;
combined ash.

The presence of functional thickeners (peat chips, chalk, ground asbestos) guarantees the convenience of applying mastic, reducing consumption and improving thermal insulation properties material.

For resistance to bending and reinforcement of the material, fibrous fillers of bituminous mastic are responsible. Polymer components give the material waterproofing qualities.

Bituminous mastic: characteristics and properties of the material

The scope of bituminous mastic is determined by its specifications:

conditional strength - 0.2-0.5 MPa (kgf / cm2);
adhesion strength with concrete - 0.3-0.4 MPa (kgf / cm2);
water absorption during the day by weight - no more than 0.5-1%;
elongation at break - 100-300% (depending on the type of bituminous mastic);
conditional viscosity - not less than 15-30 seconds;
softening temperature - not less than 100-130°C.

The technical characteristics of bituminous mastic give the material the following performance qualities:

Scope of bituminous mastics

Waterproofing mastics have a wide range of applications. Most often, bitumen-based materials are used to perform the following works:

Important! The use of bituminous mastic is relevant for various types roofs: metal pitched, rolled, slate, reinforced concrete slabs etc.

Bituminous mastic: application for roof repair

Classification of waterproofing mastics

All bituminous mastics can be classified according to three main criteria:

application method;
preparation method;
type of elastic additives.

Depending on technological features applications distinguish between two types of mastics: hot and cold application.

Mastics hot application before use it is necessary to warm up to 150-300 °C. This significantly complicates the process of waterproofing the surface. The advantages of "hot" mastics include:

the formation of a particularly durable coating with a high degree of elasticity;
protective film does not shrink;
the possibility of working with negative temperatures air;
"non-porous" structure of the material;
affordable cost.

"Hot" bituminous mastics are used to strengthen the base and create reliable protection foundation in difficult conditions

More popular in the application of "cold" mastics. This is due to a number of advantages of the material:

ease of application - no need to warm up the mastic;
wide range of colors bituminous waterproofing;
resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

"Cold" mastics mixed with a solvent, after evaporation of which, the coating hardens and acquires the necessary performance characteristics

According to the method of preparation, bituminous mastics are divided into two types:

one-component;
two-component.

One-component formulations can be used immediately after opening the container, do not require additional training. However, this material has significant disadvantage- after opening, it is necessary to work out the entire jar, otherwise the mastic will harden. This quality must be taken into account when working on a large surface.

Two-component formulations must be mixed with a thickener before work. Preparation does not take much time, but the shelf life of such mastics is much longer than one-component bitumen.

Depending on the type of elastic additives that make up the bituminous mastic, the following types of waterproofing materials are distinguished:

Overview of products from leading manufacturers of bituminous mastics

The production of bituminous mastic is carried out by both domestic and foreign companies. Consider the most popular brands.

Mastic "Hydroizol" has the following characteristics:

tensile strength - 37-60 kgf;
flexibility and absolute waterproofness;
withstands temperature rise up to +85°C for 2 hours;
service life of the coating - 15 years;

Technonikol company has developed a whole line of bituminous mastics and materials for base preparation:

For waterproofing the foundation, roof and buried structures, the following are used:
- bituminous roofing mastic Technomast No. 21;
- MGTN - waterproofing mastic No. 24;
- water-based mastic No. 33;
- hot mastic "Eureka" No. 41;
- bitumen-rubber mastic No. 20.
To carry out waterproofing work indoors, TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic No. 31 is used - an aqueous emulsion of oil bitumen.
To protect the coating from UV radiation and thermal abrasion, aluminum mastic No. 57 is used. The composition of the material includes an aluminum pigment with reflective properties.

Russian firm "Rastro" releases waterproofing materials under two brands:

"Izhora" - bitumen-polymer sealants and "hot" mastics.
"Slavyanka" - "cold" bitumen-polymer mastic, designed for waterproofing roofs, foundations and culverts.

In addition, the products of the following companies are in good demand: Bitumast and Remmers Elastoplast.

Consumption of bituminous mastic: norms and calculation

The consumption of mastic is usually indicated on the label. If this parameter is not specified, then it can be calculated independently, focusing on the following recommendations:

Material consumption directly depends on the percentage composition of volatile solvents. Typically, this figure ranges from 20-70%. At 70%, the mastic consumption will be 3 times less than at 20%.
When calculating, it is important to take into account the consumption rates for performing different work:
- foundation waterproofing - 2-4 kg / m2;
- roof arrangement - 3.5-6 kg / m2;
- gluing roofing material - 1-2 kg/m2.

Important! When processing vertical surfaces, the mastic is applied in two layers. It is necessary to cover the second layer only after the previous one has dried.

Methods for applying bituminous mastic

Based on the considered classification, we can conclude that there are two main methods for applying bituminous mastic: cold and hot. In addition, "cold" mastic can be applied both manually and mechanically.

manual method involves the use of large paint brushes with short and stiff bristles. Flute brushes work best for this job. The mastic can be applied with a short pile seaming roller.

When waterproofing horizontal surfaces, the emulsion is poured onto the base, carefully leveled with a doctor blade, and then rubbed with a roller or brush.

mechanized way involves the use of an airless sprayer with a working pressure of 150 bar. The unit must be specially designed for viscous formulations.

Important! Only sprayers are suitable for operation, in which the mixing of the components takes place inside

Roof waterproofing technology with bituminous mastic

Let's bring turn-by-turn waterproofing of the roof with bituminous mastic of cold application:

Advice! Before applying the mastic, it is necessary to conduct a test and determine the degree of humidity of the base. To do this, lay on the prepared concrete surface polyethylene film size 1 * 1 m. If after 4-24 hours no condensation appears under the film, then you can start processing the base with mastic

Water wears away a stone, and it makes concrete completely unusable, and not only concrete. To build a house for at least decades, it must be well waterproofed. First of all, it concerns the foundation. Bituminous mastic is one of the most comfortable in application, reliable in operation, high-quality and durable materials to protect the foundation from moisture.

Bituminous mastic of cold application and hot

Bituminous mastics are divided according to the method of application into cold and hot. AT private practice cold ones are more often used, because you can work with them without special tools and skills. And when it comes to bituminous mastic for the foundation, in 95% of cases it is the cold application mastic that is meant.

Cold-applied bituminous mastics come in 2 types: water-based and polyester-based. The latter can be simply bituminous, or with the addition of polymers. Bitumen-polymer mastics based on polyesters can be used at sub-zero temperatures. According to builders from far north In Russia, such mastics have proven themselves when applied in frost -40 ° C. However, this applies only to high-quality materials with a guarantee from the manufacturer.

On sale you can find one- and two-component mastics. One-component are already ready for use, they only need to be mixed. The latter require the components to be connected before use. Two-component bituminous mastics have a longer shelf life and service life. However, they must be used immediately after preparation, because they quickly seize on the surface.

Hot applied mastics are used when it is necessary to strengthen the base and create protection for the foundation in particularly difficult conditions. Hot mastics are applied after preheat up to 300 °C. This process is complex and requires compliance with safety standards. Therefore, if you do not have the necessary tools and experience with hot mastics, it is better to turn to bituminous mastics for a cold application foundation.

Properties of bituminous mastic for the foundation

Bituminous mastic is used for foundation waterproofing. Sometimes it is used as an adhesive layer between rolled waterproofing and the foundation. But more often it acts as an independent protection against moisture.
The main properties of bituminous mastic for the foundation:

Creates an impermeable continuous film, hydrophobic, does not absorb moisture.
Prevents the formation and reproduction of mold, fungus.
Clogs small pores, chips and cracks on the base.
Tolerates well sub-zero temperatures, does not break, does not crack.
Differs in good adhesion to any bases.
The film on the surface remains elastic during its entire service life, which allows it to withstand various impacts and not crack.

Mastic consumption

How much mastic is needed to cover the foundation depends not only on its quadrature. What matters is the material (brick, concrete, wood) of the foundation, the density of this material. Consumption depends on the brand of mastic, its composition, quality. Mastic consumption can vary from 300 to 900 g per m2 of base.

For gluing rolled waterproofing, one layer of mastic 1 mm thick is sufficient. If the mastic is the main material for waterproofing, the layer should be thicker, up to 3 mm. Moreover, you need to cover the foundation in several layers, their number depends on the operating conditions of the foundation.

On the packaging of bituminous mastic for the foundation, the approximate consumption is necessarily indicated. Having an average figure, you can understand how much mastic is needed to waterproof the foundation. One layer of material is not enough; the foundation is covered with mastic in at least 2-3 layers. Sometimes, to save money, you can use a primer mastic, which will fill the cracks and prepare the surface for coating with bituminous mastic.

Instructions for using cold mastic

All work with mastic must be carried out in protective clothing. To prevent damage to the eyes, you need to wear construction glasses. At high temperatures, protect the respiratory tract with a respirator. Close exposed skin. It is impossible to apply bituminous mastic on a damp surface. Avoid working in an unprotected area during rain or snow.

The preparation of the base for the application of all types of mastics is the same. The foundation must be cleaned of dust, dirt, it is desirable to dry, degrease. Visible cracks, chips, dents are sealed with cement mortar or other compounds. After the repair compositions have dried, the surface can be coated with a primer mastic (primer). It is sold ready-made, or it can be prepared from mastic by mixing it with a solvent.
Before application, after opening the package, the mastic should be mixed well for 4-5 minutes by hand, or 1 minute with a drill with a mixing attachment.
You can apply bituminous mastic with your own hands with a roller or a hard nylon brush. The primer has a lighter consistency, for application you can use paint brush. mechanically easier to apply, but requires special equipment. Special qualifications for applying mastic are not needed. The peculiarity of using bituminous mastic according to the instructions is only in observing the layer thickness and uniform surface coverage.

On the vertical surfaces You need to apply the material, starting from the top, moving down.

When the first layer is dry. The next layers are applied in the same way. To achieve a denser ball of waterproofing, layers should be applied sequentially without taking long breaks in work.
All tools that have been used for work and are stained with bituminous mastic should be cleaned immediately upon completion of work. To do this, use a solvent, for example, white spirit. May help in some cases hot water with soapy water.

How to choose high-quality mastic?

When choosing a mastic, there is one good way find quality material without even opening the container. The fact is that mastic, although dense, is lighter than water. Therefore, in a bucket of 5 liters there can not be more than 5 kg of mastic. Different types of mastic have different weights, but it is still less than the weight of water. During production, hot mastic is poured into the container, which increases its volume. It is impossible to pour 22 kg of mastic into a bucket of 20 liters.

If the weight of bituminous mastic comes across, which exceeds the volume of containers, we can confidently speak of handicraft production of the material. Where conventional bitumen is used, filled with a solvent, or more often with diesel fuel. Such mastic does not look different from high-quality, but it will last no more than a couple of years, after which it begins to crack, crumble and fall off.

Despite the abundance of materials and the so-called "builder's paradise", the market does not stop looking for new favorites. And today this role rightfully belongs to TechnoNIKOL. Successfully proven, promising corporation, core competence which implies the production of materials for waterproofing, occupies a leading position in its market segment, both in Russia and in countries near and far abroad. Despite the stable popularity among the consumer and only positive consumer feedback on the materials produced, the company does not stop there and continues to actively improve the production of products, the main component of which is bitumen. The range of the company is constantly expanding and is not limited to the production of bituminous mastics, the characteristics and application of which we will describe in this article. We will also tell you about how productive the cooperation of TechnoNIKOL corporation developers and construction practitioners is, thanks to the joint work of which the technical characteristics of the material are achieved, which are in no way inferior to European counterparts and, sometimes, in many respects surpass them.

Bituminous mastics: an overview of the main components of the material

Bituminous mastics, in terms of structural composition, represent a material characterized by versatility, which determines its demand in a wide variety of construction industries, among which the main place is occupied by roofing and other construction manipulations, the purpose of which is to protect a room or surface from moisture. The basis of TechnoNIKOL bituminous waterproofing mastic is bitumen - an artificial or natural asphalt-like product of oil and oil products processing. In order for bitumen-based mastics to fulfill their functional purpose - protecting the surface from moisture - polymeric components are added to the bitumen mixture, which give the mastic waterproofing characteristics. Another must structural component functional thickeners are considered to be the described material, among which it is necessary to mention chalk, peat chips and ground asbestos. The presence of such components, declared by the manufacturer in the composition of the mastic, guarantees the convenience of its use, reduced consumption and an order of magnitude higher thermal insulation characteristics.

Classification of bituminous mastics according to the method of application: how to make the right choice?

Extensive use of TechnoNIKOL bituminous mastic in the most various areas construction determines a large number of material types, from right choice which depends on the durability and performance characteristics of the coating, but also its cost. Consider the main varieties of bituminous mastics in accordance with the method of their application:

Hot use bituminous mastics

They are a homogeneous plastic mass, based on the production of which are used asphalt-like refined products with the addition of binder fillers. The letters A and G on the labeling of the material indicate the inclusion of antiseptic and herbicidal additives in the composition of the mastics. Before applying hot bituminous mastic technonikol, price per sq. the meter of which is considered the determining factor in its choice, is heated to 160-190 degrees, after which it is applied in a heated form to the surface that has undergone a preliminary primer. After application, the mastic forms a durable coating with high elasticity, which does not tend to shrink, which is distinctive feature hot bituminous mastic. In addition, the advantages of hot bituminous mastic include its “non-porous” structure, efficiency of use at temperatures below zero, and the disadvantages are additional energy consumption in the preparation of mastic, as well as high labor costs and a high risk of fires;

Mastics bituminous cold application

In view of the simplified technology of use, this type of bituminous mastics is more popular among consumers. Given this, the use of mastics, the manufacture of which is based on the use of bitumen, cold application is gradually becoming the usual way of arranging bituminous waterproofing. This is due to the close undeniable merits of this variety of products manufactured by TechnoNIKOL, the main of which are the following:

No need for preheating greatly simplifies the application of mastic;
Production of bituminous mastics colors achieved by including special coloring pigments in the composition of the mastic;
Achieving the required consistency due to the addition of a solvent, which is important for cold mastics on solvents;
The unique composition of cold-use mastics makes it possible to obtain a waterproofing layer that is resistant not only to precipitation and temperature changes, but also to the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation;
Using TechnoNIKOL bituminous mastic, you provide a long overhaul operation period of the roof, which to some extent determines the duration of the service life of structures and other structures involved in construction.

There are two groups of bituminous cold mastics, the fundamental differences in the composition of which determine the need for their more detailed consideration. Cold applied mastics are divided into:

Cold bituminous mastics made with solvents;
Cold water-based bituminous mastics or so-called bituminous emulsions.

The first is initially ready for use and is suitable for organizing coating-type waterproofing, the arrangement of which is relevant even at low temperatures. The presence of a solvent in the composition of the mastic leads to its instantaneous evaporation and the formation of a monolithic waterproofing layer. The main application of cold mastic is the organization of the waterproofing layer of the roof. Despite the fact that the mastic dries out 12-24 hours after its application, it acquires its final properties no earlier than a week later.

Cold water-based bituminous mastic (bitumen emulsion) is produced using high-tech plants and modern materials, among which the main role is given to polymers and emulsifier. Unlike hot mastics and cold mastics made using a solvent, the use of bituminous emulsion contributes to the organization of an environmentally friendly and safe roof waterproofing system. After applying the bituminous emulsion, which is the know-how of TechnoNIKOL Corporation, the water evaporates, after which a monolithic waterproofing layer of high strength is formed.

Bituminous emulsions have the following advantages:

More convenient application process;
Absolute non-toxicity due to the absence of a solvent in the composition of the mastic;
Fire and explosion safety, which makes it possible to use bitumen emulsion inside residential premises;
Shorter complete drying time;

Despite a wide range of advantages, bitumen emulsion has the only limitation, which is also its disadvantage - the seasonality of the specified product produced by the corporation.

Indeed, it is forbidden to store bitumen emulsions and carry out the necessary manipulations with them at temperatures below 5 degrees above zero, due to the loss performance characteristics and the disintegration of the bitumen emulsion during the transition of water into a solid state of aggregation.

Classification of bituminous mastics by composition and their use

By composition, all varieties of bituminous mastics can be classified as follows:

One-component bituminous mastics, when using which the full set of properties of the finished waterproofing coating occurs after the complete evaporation of water or other minor components;
Two-component bituminous mastics demonstrate their properties only after the addition of a second component, most often a hardener.

In accordance with the initial component of the mastic, there are:

Bituminous mastics, the production technology of which does not imply their modification with polymers. This variety is undesirable to use for arranging the roof, while they are perfect for waterproofing foundations, since in this case it will not be affected by frequent temperature changes;

Bitumen-polymer mastics are the most common type of bituminous mastic, intended mainly for roof waterproofing, as well as for gluing roll materials for the roof. In addition to its main purpose, bitumen-polymer mastic can be used to equip foundation waterproofing;
Bitumen-rubber mastics, the structure of which includes crumb rubber, are rarely used for arranging roofing system, in view of the parameters of rubber crumb, unsuitable for working with roofing systems;
Polymer mastics are the know-how of modern building chemistry, which leads to their high cost and less distribution in the construction industry. However, their high mechanical, waterproofing, operational (declared service life of more than 20 years) characteristics and UV resistance without additional protection predict a great future for polymer mastics.

Scopes of bituminous mastics

Systematizing the above, we will designate the main areas of application of bituminous products of the TechnoNIKOL corporation.

Arrangement of mastic roofing, as well as repair work with bitumen-polymer and bituminous roofing;
As for roof protection, the use of bituminous mastic is relevant for strengthening shingles and rolled roofing materials, protecting the roof from overheating and exposure to ultraviolet radiation, as well as for applying conservation coloring;
Roofing is not the only area of application for bituminous mastic, which can also be successfully used for mounting the waterproofing layer of various building structures, such as piles, foundations and basements;
Anti-corrosion protection of the foundation and gluing of heat-insulating plates - all this is carried out using bituminous mastic;
Arrangement and repair interior spaces also not without the use of bituminous mastic. In this area, bituminous mastic is used for arranging waterproofing of rooms characterized by limited ventilation, for example, bathrooms, bathrooms, garages and loggias;
Installation of waterproofing of terraces and pools is another direction of using TechnoNIKOL bituminous mastic.

Consumption of bituminous mastic: basic norms

The consumption of bituminous mastic depends on the method of its application and the type of material on which it will be applied. Cold type mastic is made on the basis of water or solvent, and its application is carried out without preheating. The application of hot-type mastic provides a layer that is not characterized by shrinkage, and therefore, after application, it practically does not change its thickness. In addition, the consumption of bituminous mastic depends on the type of work carried out when using it. For example, in the process of gluing surfaces, the consumption of bituminous mastic is at least 0.8-1 kg per 1 sq. meter of surface, while with the arrangement of a waterproofing layer 1 mm thick, this figure increases to 2-3 kg per square meter. meter. And if the thickness of the waterproofing layer is 2 mm - even more than 3.5-3.8 kg per square meter. meter in dry matter.

TechnoNIKOL bituminous mastic is one of the most popular materials on the modern construction market in your field. According to the manufacturers, it is completely ready for use without pre-training, implying modification with rubber, the presence of mineral fillers, solvents of organic origin and other technological additives. Due to the unique composition of TechnoNIKOL bituminous mastic, the coating formed during its use is characterized not only by high adhesion to the base, but also by increased elasticity, moisture and heat resistance. The consumption of TechnoNIKOL bituminous mastic is 2.5-3.5 kg per square meter. meter when arranging a waterproofing layer and 1 kg when gluing rolled materials.

Features of the use of various types of bituminous mastics

Hot bituminous mastics: application features

Mastic belonging to the MBK-G series, which stands for "hot bituminous roofing mastic" is considered an economy class product. Its composition includes oxidized bitumen and several mineral fillers and gives the finished product not only the highest penetrating power, but also excellent water repellency. Hot mastics are produced and sold in briquettes, which are packed in specialized kraft bags, characterized by the presence of a siliconized inner layer. Despite the fact that a distinctive feature of such mastics is low price, in the process of their use, it is necessary to strictly follow all the rules.

The sequence of actions is as follows:

The working surface is cleaned of dirt;
Mastic must be heated to a temperature of 150-190 degrees;
Then it is applied to the surface using a roller or brush;
The applied material is leveled with a rake.
Thus, the use of hot bituminous mastic contributes to the reliability, integrity and long service life of the roofing system.

Cold bituminous mastics: application features

A feature of cold bituminous mastics is their readiness for use without any preparatory measures. Regardless of the type of cold mastic, whether it is bituminous emulsion or solvent bituminous mastic, the application of cold mastic on an insulated surface is carried out without any special features.

Today, TechnoNIKOL Corporation offers the consumer a wide range of bituminous mastics designed to successfully solve the problems of waterproofing underground and aboveground structures. For example, the universal bitumen-polymer mastic TechnoNIKOL No. 21 is very popular, designed to equip the repair of all types of mastic roofs, as well as to solve various problems associated with the arrangement of waterproofing.

The sequence of actions when applying cold bituminous mastic:

The surface that needs waterproofing measures is cleaned of various pollution such as dust, dirt, grease and ice. To clean the surface from small debris, polypropylene brooms are used, various brushes designed for cleaning;
Next, a dry and clean surface is treated with a primer (TechnoNIKOL Corporation offers a consumer interested in high-quality waterproofing a specialized TechnoNIKOL primer). The purpose of this event is to achieve the greatest adhesion of the insulated base and mastic. In this regard, the use of a bituminous primer is common in the process of preparing insulated surfaces, such as concrete plates, cement-sand screed, before direct laying self-adhesive and built-up waterproofing roofing materials;
The mastic is thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass;
Then it is applied in layers using a brush, roller or spatula, as well as using the bulk method, after which it is carefully leveled with a special comb to achieve a uniform waterproofing layer. In this case, the layer of material should not exceed 1.5 mm, and each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried. To provide effective waterproofing building structures, apply two layers of bituminous mastic;
Having carried out the above measures, they proceed to gluing roll materials.
The consumption of bituminous mastic during the arrangement of a mastic roof can vary from 3.5 to 5.7 kg per square meter. surface meter.

When working with mastics, it is necessary to follow all safety rules indicated by the manufacturer. Works involving the use of mastic are prohibited from being carried out in rooms characterized by the absence of effective ventilation. It is also necessary to comply with fire safety rules prohibiting work with mastic near sources of fire.

You can learn more about the application of bituminous mastic by reading the instructions that the manufacturer places on the labels or in the accompanying instructions.

Bituminous mastic is used both in construction and during repair work for creating foundation waterproofing, roofing, as well as for surface treatment in rooms with increased level humidity.

Different types of bituminous mastic have different viscosities and are applied with a roller, a hard brush, or poured and stretched with a special mop.

Application and general characteristics

Typically, bituminous mixtures are used for:

sealing cracks and other defects in roofing;
sealing folds and joints of shaped roofing elements;
waterproofing brick, concrete or reinforced concrete structures;
protection of metal structures from external influences;
surface treatment in places of conjugation and junction of vertical and horizontal elements.

The basis of bituminous mastic is petroleum bitumen, to which various polymeric compounds are added to give the mastic the desired properties.

Bituminous mastic allows you to achieve higher adhesion to the base, compared with the use of conventional roll materials. Therefore, it is recommended for use on surfaces that have a complex configuration, on which to use the usual roll waterproofing difficult. It is applied to the surfaces to be treated with a stiff brush, roller or poured and stretched with a special mop. The surface is pre-cleaned from snow, water, dirt, rust, grease and oil stains.

All bituminous mastics are made on the basis of petroleum bitumen. Depending on the type, it may include various polymeric modifiers, fillers, organic solvents, such as toluene or white spirit (up to 20% by weight of the mastic). Water-based, with the addition of polymers and emulsifiers, a fireproof and non-toxic bitumen emulsion is produced, which can be used for indoor use.

There are also hot and cold types of mastic, they all have different viscosities. The dried layer is usually called “dry residue”, regardless of what type of material was originally applied. Depending on the initial viscosity, the consumption of waterproofing material may be different. The more in the mask water base or solvent, the lower the percentage of dry residue will result, the higher the consumption of the waterproofing agent.

In many ways, the expense also depends on what type of work, on what basis and what material is planned to be carried out. In this regard, the coating can be applied with a different number of layers, and the thickness of each layer can be different.

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How much material will be needed?

Figure 1. Table of characteristics and consumption of bituminous mastics.

Regardless of what type of mastic is applied, its consumption is usually measured in kg / m². The most economical way is to use hot mixes of bitumen with mineral fillers. Initially, such a mixture is a homogeneous black mass with plasticizers and mineral additives to the bituminous binder. When heated, the mixture acquires plasticity and is easily applied to the treated surfaces, quickly sets, forming an even seamless coating, does not shrink when cured.

Cold mixes will save you time, as they are applied without preheating, they are already ready for use. Apply with a brush, roller or spatula. But in percentage terms, the organic solvent is from 30 to 80% of the total mass, i.e. bitumen, respectively, from 20 to 70%.

On the specific example it will look something like this. In order to obtain a layer of the same thickness in the dry residue when applying, for example, cold solvent-based mastics, one of which will contain 30% and the other 80%, the latter will have to spend almost 3 times more. When applying 1 kg of the first mastic, we will get 0.7 kg in the dry residue, while the second will give it only 0.2 kg. Thus, it is more advantageous to use mixtures with a lower solvent content. This will get the job done with less effort and in less time.