Barn from wall blocks. We make a barn from expanded clay concrete blocks. Ready-made barn in the form of a container: a compact and functional structure

Each person will be able to make a barn of foam blocks with their own hands. In your own yard you will always need a utility room. For example, you will need to keep various things there, building materials, tools, inventory. In such a building, you can build a workshop or a room for various pets. To make it warm, you need to choose the right material. One of the best options are foam blocks.

Why you need to use a foam block

Foam concrete has many advantages. These include the following:

  1. The building will have good thermal insulation. This material has the same thermal conductivity as natural wood. When compared with silicate or ceramic type bricks, foam blocks lose heat 3 times less. This is achieved due to the fact that the material has a porous structure. At 80% it consists of small cells of a closed type. Because of this, the temperature changes slowly. Thanks to these properties, the construction of foam blocks will create the effect of a thermos.
  2. The product is frost resistant. When frozen, water will migrate over the block, whereby the structure of the material is preserved so that the blocks remain intact.
  3. Soundproof properties. Due to the fact that there are many cavities inside the block, the hozblok will have good sound insulation.
  4. Hygroscopicity. The material is hygroscopic, so that the air exchange will be normal indoors. Due to this property, steam will come out, mold will not form on the walls due to dampness.
  5. The foam blocks from which we build the barn do not support combustion and do not ignite. This material is able to withstand fire for about 8 hours, and in doing so it will collapse.
  6. Ease of use. It is very easy to handle the foam block, and much easier than with ordinary bricks. In addition, for finished blocks, the standard dimensions are 20-30-60 cm, so it will be much faster to build walls.
  7. Lightweight blocks. Usually they weigh no more than 11 kg. Due to this, the load on the base and walls will be significantly less.
  8. Small cost. As a result, material costs can be saved. The financial costs for the entire building will be significantly less than if foam blocks were used.
  9. Environmental friendliness. Foam blocks are considered an environmentally friendly material, since only sand, cement and foam forming substances are used to create it (as a rule, this is a protein base).
  10. It is easy to saw the block due to its porous structure.

But foam blocks also have disadvantages that must be taken into account if this material is chosen to create an animal shed or store tools. Firstly, the disadvantages include the insufficient strength of the material, which is why it is not allowed to build a building with a height of more than 10 m. This disadvantage affects the transportation of the material. Secondly, due to the ugly appearance of the blocks, additional facing work will be required. In addition, it must be borne in mind that if there is no additional protection, then at extremely low temperatures the material will begin to gradually break down.

Preparatory stage: site selection, calculations and drawings

Before thinking about how to build a barn from foam blocks, you need to choose a place where this building will be located. It is very important that its location is convenient for people. Usually they make 2 entrances in the building. One of them should be wide enough. This is very convenient if you need to bring furniture or other large items. Depending on the purpose of the building, it can be placed next to the house or further away.

After choosing a place for a farm building, you need to consider its shape and dimensions. Then make a drawing or at least an approximate diagram. After that, you can start the calculations. It is imperative to calculate how many materials will be needed for a foam block shed.

For example, the dimensions of the blocks are approximately 20-30-60 cm. The building has a length of 6 m, a width of 3 m and a height of 2.5 m. In this case, 30 blocks will be needed. To calculate, you need to calculate the perimeter of the building (that is, 6 + 3, and then multiply the resulting amount by 2). Then divide it by the block length - 0.6 m. In total, 30 blocks will be needed for one row. Now you can find out how many rows there will be. To do this, you need to divide the height of the entire building by the height of 1 block. It turns out 8.3 rows. As a result, you will need to make 8.3 rows with 30 blocks, when multiplying both indicators, 249 blocks come out - this is the total amount of materials for the entire building. It is necessary to take into account exactly those dimensions that the selected foam block has, since the dimensions may vary. In this case, their number for the construction of the building will be different. In addition, you need to consider that there will be openings for doors and windows.

After that, you can begin to calculate the amount of materials that will be needed for the roof. It is necessary to use roofing materials (for example, metal tiles), as well as boards and beams for the rafter system. Overhangs in front, behind and on the sides are supposed to be 0.5 m larger than the parameters of the base. This will prevent rain from getting on the walls. With the selected building parameters for the construction of a 2-pitched roof, the following amount of materials will be needed:

  1. Wooden bars - 30 pcs. with a length of 3 m and a cross section of 10 * 5 cm. In this case, the angle of inclination will be approximately 53 °.
  2. Boards - 15 pcs. 6 m each. The cross section is 10 * 2.5 cm.
  3. Beams for floors - 20 pcs. 4 m.
  4. Mauerlat - 2 pcs.
  5. Boards for crossbars - 1 pc.
  6. Metal corners, 3 rolls of insulating material, self-tapping screws and nails.

In addition, it is necessary to prepare tools in advance. Of the various meters, you will need a ruler, a square, a building level. To create a sticky composition, you need a drill with a mixer nozzle or a concrete mixer, mortar containers, bayonet and shovel shovels. You will also need a large watering can, a hose with a pump, a spatula, a hammer, nails. You can't do without stairs.

The second stage: the construction of the foundation and walls

When all calculations are made and materials and tools are purchased, it is supposed to start construction work. First you need to make a foundation for a barn of foam blocks. Tape design works best. Step by step work is as follows:

  1. Level the area where the building will be located. After that, make a markup depending on what dimensions are chosen for the building. To do this, use stakes and cords.
  2. Dig pits around the perimeter of the future building. It is best if the depth is lower than the freezing level. As a rule, 0.3-0.5 m deep is enough, but in some soils (for example, clay type) it is required to break up to 1 m. Make a trench 0.3 m wide.
  3. Pour sand into the trench and carefully compact so that the layer is even. Its thickness should be approximately 10 cm. More crushed stone needs to be poured onto this pillow. This layer should also have a thickness of 10 cm. After that, lay out a waterproofing layer on these 2 layers throughout the trench. This is required so that there is no absorption of the liquid concrete solution into the lower layers. Waterproofing should be positioned so that it covers not only rubble and sand, but also the soil on the sides of the trench.
  4. Before starting to equip the foundation for the barn, it is supposed to build a formwork that will be used for pouring concrete. For this design, metal and wooden boards are used. The height should be above the level of the soil - it should reach the basement level of the future building. For the strength of the formwork, fixation with clamps and spacers is used. From above it is necessary to fix also props. It is necessary to install a metal frame on the waterproofing layer or use a reinforcing mesh. The rods should be about 1-1.2 cm thick.
  5. Reinforcement can be poured with concrete mortar. It is best to use the M200-250 brand product. The entire perimeter should be poured out of concrete in 1 step. Do not do this in the heat or rain, otherwise the foundation will simply crack. Under normal weather conditions, it will take about a month for the concrete to harden.
  6. When the concrete is completely frozen, you need to prepare the surface for further work. It is necessary to clean it from dust and dirt, remove protrusions and other defects.

After the foundation of the building is made, it is necessary to proceed to the arrangement of the walls. To do this, the surface of the concrete foundation is supposed to be covered with a material with waterproofing properties. For example, you can use roofing material or waterproofing.

After that, it is supposed to prepare an adhesive mortar for the walls. You need to use cement and sand. 3 parts of the first component rely on 1 part of the second. When the composition is ready, you can start laying the first row of blocks. You need to start from the corner of the building and then continue along the entire perimeter of the building. The seam should be no more than 3 cm thick. When the first row is laid out, it is necessary to check that the wall is even. To make the wall strong, it is recommended to use reinforcement bars. Their diameter should be 8 mm. They are supposed to be laid after every 4th row of blocks.

Third stage: arrangement of the roof and processing of walls

After the walls are erected, you can make a roof. First you need to wait until the solution hardens. The algorithm of actions will be as follows:

  1. To the top row of the wall, fix the bars with metal studs, which will be used as a Mauerlat. The distance between the studs should be no more than 1.2 m. There must be a waterproofing layer under the Mauerlat.
  2. Fasten the trusses to the edge to form gables. They can be aligned and fixed with temporary stops. The truss structure with the edge must be carefully strengthened. To do this, nail it with a board to the wall of the building. In this case, the walls must be completely flat. It is better to assemble the rafters on the ground, and then raise them for further installation. Be sure to stretch the twine between the trusses.
  3. Fix the farms along the edges to the Mauerlat. The rest are installed by twine. For convenience, you can make labels. It is best to use overlays and metal fasteners for fastening, since the wooden elements will simply dry out over time, so nails will not help.
  4. When the building system is fully installed, it must be covered with a special membrane with waterproofing properties. Install the trim on top. If you use metal tiles in the future, it is best to install bars in one layer that have a cross section of 5 * 6 cm.

Now it is supposed to start insulation work. Styrofoam is perfect for this. Dust and dirt must be removed from the walls. Then fix the defects. After that, apply a primer. Then fix the plinth strips with anchors and dowels. They are used as a support for fixing corners and plates.

Next, you need to do the preparation of glue for foam boards. It is necessary to pour the product only with cool water. For stirring, it is recommended to use a drill that has a special nozzle. After that, the substance is left to infuse for 5 minutes. Now on the plates you need to apply such a composition at a distance of 3 cm to the edges around the entire perimeter. In the middle, also treat the surface. Apply plates to the wall and strengthen with dowels. Then cover everything with glue and install the grid. When everything is dry, you need to apply plaster and paint.

Conclusion

Building a barn from foam blocks is an easy task. It will turn out to save a lot by doing everything on your own, without the help of a construction team. The main thing is to make the calculations correctly and be able to use the necessary tools. The result is a well-built utility room that can stand for many years.

Foam block is not the most popular material for making a barn. Nevertheless, if for some reason wood is not suitable for construction, then it is usually the foam block that is chosen.

This barn looks solid and thorough. Moreover, if there is a house made of foam blocks next to the barn, both buildings will look harmonious. Often, a barn made of foam blocks is no longer finished in any way - even in this form, the hozblok looks very worthy. In addition, an important advantage of foam blocks is the absence of the need to protect it from adverse factors, unlike wood.

Advantages of a foam block shed

  1. Price. Of course, compared to wood, a foam block shed will cost much more. But when compared with similar capital materials (for example, brick), then the foam block is noticeably cheaper.
  2. Convenience of construction. Foam concrete is easy to lay, and you can build a barn frame without even having any experience.
  3. High strength. And for a barn, perhaps even redundant. The strength of foam blocks allows you to build two- and three-story houses, not to mention a barn.
  4. Low density. The foam block is foamed concrete. The density of the foam block is comparable to the density of wood. Therefore, the foam block has a small weight and is convenient for transportation and construction.
  5. Thermal conductivity. And according to this parameter, foam concrete bypasses competitors, compared with wood. One layer of foam concrete is comparable in thermal conductivity to brickwork 70 cm wide. This means that it will be warm and cozy in the barn.
  6. Security. Foam concrete does not need to be protected from insects, cold moisture or fire. He is very good in this regard and does not need additional processing.

Disadvantages of a barn made of foam blocks

  1. The need for a quality foundation. If you can build a simple columnar foundation under it, then you need to pour a high-quality foundation under the foam blocks and wait a couple of weeks until it settles.
  2. Shrinkage. The foam block slowly gains strength, so it shrinks over time, which leads to cracks. In my opinion, this is not critical for a barn, but it is worth bearing in mind.

In general, as I said, the foam block is an excellent choice if wood is not suitable for you for some reason. It is durable, reliable, lightweight, warm, does not need processing and protection - what else is needed for a hozblok?

In private households, outbuildings are always needed. Store numerous tools, garden tools, building materials and old but necessary things conveniently in the shed. This building is often used as a workshop or as a home for pets. In order for the barn to retain heat and a stable internal atmosphere, it is necessary to build it from a suitable material. For this outbuilding it is better to use foam blocks.

Advantages and disadvantages of using

Foam blocks have all the qualities necessary for the construction of low structures and have significant advantages:

  1. Their use will provide the building with excellent thermal insulation performance. The foam block has the same thermal conductivity as natural wood. Compared to ceramic or silicate bricks, it loses heat almost three times less. This effect is achieved due to the porous structure of the foam block. At 4/5, the foam block consists of small closed cavities. These air pockets are well insulated from each other. The result is a slow change in temperature. A building made of such material acquires the properties of a thermos.
  2. This material has good frost resistance. The porous composition of the block allows water to migrate when it freezes. Thanks to this, the foam block retains its structure and integrity.
  3. The presence of small cavities inside the unit provides it with excellent sound insulation.
  4. Possession of high hygroscopic properties contributes to normal air exchange. This advantage makes it possible to remove water vapor and prevent the occurrence of dampness and mold in the room.
  5. Foam blocks do not burn and do not support a flame. This material can withstand open fire for 8 hours and not be destroyed.
  6. Simplicity in work. The foam block is much larger than ordinary brick. Its dimensions are 200x300x600 mm. It is convenient to build with such blocks, since the construction of walls is faster.
  7. A clear advantage is the weight of the foam block. On average, it is about 11 kg. This provides less stress on the foundation and walls.
  8. The total cost of this material is much less than the purchase of bricks for such a structure.
  9. Foam blocks are an environmentally friendly material, as they consist of cement, sand and a foaming agent. A protein base is used as a foaming agent.
  10. The porous base of the blocks is pliable for sawing.

The disadvantages of foam blocks include the following criteria:

  1. Limited strength does not allow the construction of buildings above ten meters.
  2. The same disadvantage affects the transportation of foam blocks.
  3. The unattractive appearance of the blocks require additional cladding, which significantly affects the cost of the building.
  4. Without additional protection, at low temperatures, the foam blocks are destroyed.

Preparation: barn projects, drawings, approximate dimensions

At the preparatory stage of building a barn from foam blocks, it is necessary to choose a place for its construction. An important point is its convenient location on the site of home ownership. As a rule, two entrances are made in the barn, one of which should be wide and unobstructed. This is convenient when moving furniture and large items, for example, when repairing a house. Depending on the functional purpose, the barn is placed close to the residential building or built away from prying eyes. It is necessary to pay special attention to the layout of the barn, the overall dimensions and its functional premises. With good design, in the future there will be no need to build additional extensions to it. The most convenient for household needs, it has dimensions of 6x3 m (divided into two rooms 2x3 m and 4x3 m). Such a project of an outbuilding will make it possible to use it for different purposes. This barn layout will accommodate not only a workshop, but also a home for pets.

The presence of two functional areas of the barn create convenience when using it

Optimal building dimensions

The truss system of the gable roof forms a floor that is conveniently equipped for storing fruits or grains. The height of the roof is selected depending on the purpose of use. If necessary, you can build a truss system with roof slopes that will allow the arrangement of the second floor. In our case, a roof with a slope of 53º was used.

The dependence of the useful area of ​​​​the attic on the angle of the roof

Material calculation. The choice of foundation and insulation

You can calculate the number of foam blocks needed to build a barn without involving estimators. By simple mathematical calculations, you can get accurate information about the amount of material required. To do this, you need to know the parameters of the foam block used, the height and perimeter of the future barn. In our case, the barn will be built from foam blocks measuring 200x300x600 mm. With a building length of 6 m, a height of 2.5 m, it is necessary (6 + 3) 2 \u003d 18 / 0.6 \u003d 30 pieces of foam blocks, where 18 is the perimeter of the barn, and 0.6 is the length of one foam block. As a result, one row will contain 30 blocks. Now you need to find out how many strips of masonry are required. To do this, we divide the height of the building by the height of the block 2.5 0.30 = 8.3 rows. In total, 8.3 lanes are required to build a barn, 30 foam blocks in each row. To calculate how many blocks will go in total, you need 8.3 30 \u003d 249 foam blocks.

In some cases, a different masonry method is used, in which the height of the block will be 20 cm and the width 30 cm. In this case, not 8.3 strips, but 12.5 are needed to build the walls of the barn. This value is obtained as follows: 2.5:0.20=12.5, where 2.5 is the height of the wall, 0.20 is the height of the block. Therefore, the total number of foam blocks for laying walls in this way will be 12.5 30 = 375 foam blocks.

When calculating the number of foam blocks, it is necessary to take into account door and window openings. To do this, subtract as many blocks from the total as many windows and doors will occupy. The calculation is done by masonry with a block height of 30 cm. According to our drawing, the barn has two identical windows with dimensions of 50x50 cm and a pair of doors (one of them is double), with dimensions of 0.6x2.0 m and 1.2x2.0 m. For one window opening will need (0.5 2): 0.6 = 1.6 blocks in length and (0.5 2): 0.3 = 3.3 blocks in height.

Since we have two windows, we add the resulting dimensions of the length and height of the blocks 1.6 + 3.3 = 4.9 blocks. Now we know how much to subtract from the total number of foam blocks in order to accommodate two windows. It is necessary to round the number 4.9 to 5 foam blocks.

In the same way, the calculation of foam blocks for doors is done. To open one (smaller) door, you need 0.6:0.6=1 foam block in length and 2.0:0.3=6.66 or 2.0:0.2=10 in height. The second (double door) requires 1.2:0.6=2 foam blocks in length and 2.0:0.3=6.66 or 2.0:0.2=10 in height.

Total 1 6.66 = 6.66 and 1 10 = 10 blocks, as well as 2 6.66 = 13.32 and 2 10 = 20 foam blocks, 6.66 + 10 + 13.32 + 20 = 49 .98 blocks, rounded up to 50 foam blocks.

Then you need to calculate how many blocks will occupy the openings of doors and windows. For this 50+5=55 blocks. Now you need to subtract the extra ones from the total number of all blocks. For this, 249–55 = 194 foam blocks are needed to build a barn with doors and windows.

Now you need to determine the amount of material for the roof. This requires wooden beams and boards for the gable roof truss system, as well as roofing material. As this material, a red metal tile will be used.

The length of the front, rear and side overhangs should be 50 cm longer than the width and length of the base. This is necessary to avoid getting snow and moisture on the walls of the barn. To build a gable roof you will need:

  1. Wooden beams (for the manufacture of rafters) with a section of 100x50 mm, 300 cm long, in the amount of 20 pieces. The angle of inclination of the roof with this length of the rafters will be 53 degrees.
  2. Boards (for lathing) with a section of 100x25 mm, 6 meters long, in the amount of 17 pieces.
  3. Bars (for floor beams) 100x50 mm, 400 cm long - 20 pieces.
  4. Mauerlat (beams) with a section of 150x50 mm, 700 cm long - 2 pieces.
  5. Board (for crossbars of rafters) with a section of 100x25 mm, 300 cm long - 1 piece.
  6. Insulating material in the amount of 3 rolls.
  7. Metal corners for attaching rafters to floor beams.
  8. Nails and screws.

Depending on the material from which the barn will be built, the type of foundation is selected. For this building, the following types of foundations are used:

  1. Columnar. The use of this foundation contributes to the saving of building material and the speed of installation. It is usually used for light frame-panel buildings.
  2. Screw and plate. These species are indispensable on soft ground, heaving and swampy soils, as well as on sand. The screw foundation can be installed at any time of the year.
  3. Tape monolithic. This type is ideal for buildings made of brick, stone and concrete blocks.
  4. Block. This foundation combines the advantages of foundations of other types.

An important point will be the study of the characteristics of the soil, since they may cause certain problems in construction:

  1. Soil that contains a lot of sand can shift after snow melts or heavy rains. When building on such soil, it is recommended to install a slab, pile (screw piles) or strip foundation.
  2. The content of a large amount of clay and sandy loam contributes to deep freezing of the soil and the formation of quicksand, which makes the soil unstable.
  3. The soil, consisting of gravel, does not freeze to a considerable depth and does not move under the influence of moisture. This soil is well suited for building a barn on a columnar foundation.
  4. Rocky or solid stone soil is suitable for installing any (except screw pile) foundation.

Visual determination of the quality of layers

A barn made of foam blocks tends to keep a constant temperature indoors well, but it still needs additional work on insulation. This will eliminate the possibility of freezing of the walls and the destruction of foam blocks. In cases of low temperatures for a long time, it makes sense to insulate not only external, but also internal walls, floors and the ceiling of the barn. To date, there are several ways to insulate walls:

  1. Mineral wool.
  2. Expanded polystyrene or polystyrene.
  3. Cork plate.
  4. Penofol.
  5. Polyurethane foam.
  6. Expanded clay (for the floor).

Warming the outer walls of the shed with mineral wool is a relatively inexpensive method with good thermal insulation properties. Due to its vapor permeability, this material perfectly ventilates not only the blocks, but also the interior of the shed. Mineral wool is resistant to fire and durable in use.

There are disadvantages of using mineral wool:

  • the properties of this material are preserved only if it is isolated from moisture, otherwise, being soaked with water, cotton wool will significantly reduce its thermal insulation qualities;
  • work with this material should be carried out in respirators;
  • if installed incorrectly, mineral wool will create additional shrinkage, which can also affect thermal insulation.

Mineral wool - one of the ways to insulate walls

Insulation of external walls with polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam is very convenient during installation. Quite often, these materials are called one foam. In fact, these materials have a common basis, but differ significantly in their characteristics.

  • the density of the foam is much less (10 kg per m³) than the performance of expanded polystyrene (40 kg per m³);
  • unlike polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam does not absorb moisture and steam;
  • in appearance, these materials are noticeably different. Styrofoam has internal granules, and polystyrene foam has a more uniform structure;
  • polystyrene prices are lower, which is convenient when purchasing it in large quantities for insulating external walls;
  • expanded polystyrene has a relative strength to mechanical damage.

Unlike mineral wool, this material is cheaper, has excellent frost resistance and is able to isolate sounds well. As a thermal insulation, the performance of expanded polystyrene is significantly higher than that of mineral wool.

Reliable and cheaper way - insulation with polystyrene foam

Thermal insulation of internal walls with cork has several advantages:

  • this material adheres perfectly to the adhesive layer;
  • the cork structure has very good thermal insulation qualities;
  • walls covered with cork material perfectly isolate sounds;
  • does not require additional finishing, often used as a finishing layer.

For insulation with cork material, it is not necessary to smoothly plaster the walls.

The material is easy to install

The heat-insulating layer of foamed foil polyethylene (penofol) allows you to save heat in the room by 97%. This material is used to insulate the interior walls of the barn. When it is mounted on a wall of foam blocks, bars of small section (10x10 mm) are attached. Penofol plates are laid between the bars. Joints are sealed with aluminum tape.

The material is water repellent

Insulation with polyurethane foam is used both for roofing, exterior walls, and for interior decoration. The technology of applying polyurethane foam by spraying greatly facilitates the work of insulating the walls of the barn. Due to this property, there is no need to use adhesive solutions. Sprayed polyurethane foam is firmly attached to the wall surface and hardens immediately. This material has found its wide application due to its advantages:

  • when sprayed, a heat-insulating layer without seams is formed;
  • this material has low thermal conductivity;
  • due to its low weight, it can be applied without the use of lags and barriers;
  • the cellular structure of polyurethane foam creates tensile-compressive strength;
  • the material has durability (up to 50 years of service, provided that the surface does not succumb to mechanical damage);
  • relative resistance to open fire;
  • polyurethane foam has a sealed and dense structure, due to which there is no need to install a vapor barrier layer;
  • well isolates from the wind;
  • the material does not rot, is not covered with mold fungi and is unsuitable for the life of rodents and insects;
  • has a low degree of moisture absorption;
  • reliably isolates from noise and extraneous sounds;
  • has a high degree of environmental friendliness when used, since there are no toxic substances in the material;
  • relatively inexpensive material.

If we compare the thermal insulation properties of polyurethane foam with other popular materials, then its 50 mm layer has similar qualities as an 80 mm foam layer or 150 mm mineral wool. With its fire resistance, polyurethane foam surpasses all previously mentioned materials. It ignites only in close contact with an open flame, and ignition of the material does not occur.

The material is quickly applied to the surface

Warming the floor of the barn with expanded clay gives a good thermal insulation layer. To use this material, a concrete floor is required, on which a crate of wooden beams with a section of 15x10 cm is installed in increments of 40 to 60 cm. It should be noted that the expanded clay layer should not be less than 10 cm, since the smaller thickness of the coating with this material loses its thermal insulation properties . Granular expanded clay is poured between the bars of the crate. Then the expanded clay granules are leveled so that it does not rise above the wooden structure of the crate. A vapor barrier layer is spread on top, which is covered with a subfloor made of plywood or OSB boards.

This material protects floors

Required Tools

To build a barn from foam blocks you will need:

  1. Measuring tools - tape measure, building level, square and ruler.
  2. Tools for the manufacture of adhesive mortar - a concrete mixer or a drill with a special mixer nozzle, a container for cement mortar, bayonet shovels for digging a trench and scoops for supplying mortar.
  3. Large watering can.
  4. Pump and flexible hose supply solution.
  5. Stairs.
  6. Hammer.
  7. Putty knife.
  8. Self-tapping screws and nails.

Step-by-step instructions for making a barn with your own hands

When all the tools are ready, and the necessary materials are purchased, you can proceed to the direct construction. For a barn of foam blocks, a strip foundation was chosen. To install it you need:

  1. First of all, you need to level the place for future construction. When the site will have a flat surface, you need to make markings according to the dimensions of the future barn. This is done with a cord and pegs.

    It is more convenient to do this with a cord

  2. Dig a trench around the perimeter of the future barn. It is desirable that its depth is below the freezing point. Usually it is from 30 to 50 cm, and in some soils (for example, with a high content of clay) up to 100 cm. The width of the trench should be 30 cm.

    It is desirable to do the depth below the freezing point

  3. Then pour sand into it, which must be tamped down to form a uniform layer, 10 cm thick. A layer of crushed stone 10 cm thick must be poured onto the sand cushion. Lay a waterproofing layer on the sand and gravel layer along the entire perimeter of the trench. This is necessary to prevent the absorption of liquid concrete into the lower layers. Waterproofing should cover not only the top of the rubble, but also the earthen walls of the trench.

    Compacted wet sand covered with gravel

  4. Build a formwork for pouring concrete. Usually it is made of wooden boards or metal. The height of the formwork should be above ground level and reach the height of the basement of the future barn. To create a strong formwork structure, it is fixed with spacers and clamps, and the upper part is fixed with props. Lay a metal frame or reinforcing mesh on the waterproofing layer along the entire perimeter of the trench. This requires metal rods with a thickness of 10 to 12 mm.

    Reinforcing cage firmly fastens the wire

  5. Pour the reinforcement frame with M200-250 concrete. The entire perimeter must be filled at one time. To avoid cracking of concrete, it is not recommended to pour it in rainy weather or in extreme heat. Concrete hardens under normal conditions for about 4 weeks. This is the time when it can withstand the calculated loads. These setting times are called control.

    The monolithic structure of the foundation will become a reliable support for the building

  6. When the concrete base has hardened, it is necessary to prepare its surface for further construction. Concrete should be cleaned of dirt and dust. If there are any defects in the base (sharp protrusions), they must be processed. Before laying the first row of foam blocks, it is necessary to cover the top of the concrete base with a waterproofing material. As it is used hydroisol or roofing material.
  7. For foam blocks, prepare an adhesive solution of sand and cement in a ratio of 1: 3.
  8. Start laying the first row of foam blocks. It must be made from the corners of the future building and continue along the entire perimeter. The thickness of the seam when laying foam blocks should not exceed 30 mm. After laying the first row, check the wall for evenness. For the strength of the walls, reinforcing bars with a diameter of 0.8 cm are used. They are laid on top before laying every fourth row of foam blocks.

    Reinforcement will betray the walls of additional strength

  9. When the walls are erected, and the adhesive solution of the seams has hardened, proceed to the installation of the roof. To the top row of masonry walls, on metal studs, attach bars with a section of 50x150 mm, which will serve as a Mauerlat. The distance between the studs must not exceed 120 cm.

    A layer of waterproofing will protect the wood and blocks from destruction

  10. Install extreme trusses forming gables. They can be leveled and strengthened with temporary stops. The structures of the outer trusses must be temporarily reinforced with a board nailed to the wall of the house. This is done on condition that the wall is perfectly flat. For convenience, you need to make a template with all cuts and corners. All rafters are best assembled on the ground, and then lifted for installation. Between the installed trusses, at the level of the ridge board and on both sides (at the end of the rafter legs), the twine is pulled.

    Cord required for precise mounting

  11. The exposed extreme farms are fixed to the Mauerlat. The following farms are placed according to the stretched twine. For convenience, it is necessary to make marks on the Mauerlat, and only then lift and install them. For better rigidity of fasteners, it is better to use metal fasteners and linings. Over time, the wooden parts will dry out, and the nails will not provide the necessary rigidity of the fasteners.

    Metal fastenings will create additional rigidity

  12. Cover the installed truss system with a layer of waterproofing membrane, on top of which the crate is installed. Under the metal tile, it is better to make one layer of bars with a section of 50x60 mm. Install roofing material.

    The light weight of this material does not create a significant load on the truss system.

  13. Proceed to the insulation of the outer walls of the barn. In our case, foam was chosen as a heater. Clean the wall surface from dust and dirt. If the wall has defects in the form of protruding particles, it is necessary to level the surface.
  14. Apply a primer to the wall (for example, polymin-AC5).
  15. Attach the plinth strips with anchors and dowels, which will serve as a support for the first row of plates and fastening for the corners.

    Aluminum plank will strengthen the foam boards

  16. Prepare an adhesive mass for foam boards (for example, polymin-P22). Pour only cold water and mix with a drill with a mixer nozzle. Leave the solution for 5 minutes.
  17. On foam boards, at a distance of 3 cm from the edge, apply glue around the entire perimeter. Be sure to make gaps in the glue for air to escape. In the middle of the plate, apply glue with blotches with a diameter of about 10 cm.

    In order for the wall to “breathe”, it is necessary to leave gaps in the glue

  18. Attach the plate to the wall and press firmly. Do not allow adhesive to get into butt joints. Strengthen the plates glued to the wall with plastic dowels with special expansion elements.

    The expansion on the dowel will additionally fix the plate to the wall

  19. Slopes of doors and windows are reinforced with perforated aluminum squares.
  20. Cover the entire surface of the foam boards with a layer of 3 to 4 mm of adhesive mass. From above, using a wide spatula, distribute the reinforcing mesh. It must be evenly drowned in the glue applied to the wall. Leave for a couple of days to dry.

    With painted walls and metal tiles, the barn looks more attractive

    Video: How to build a foam block barn yourself











The barn is an important part of the summer cottage. Today we will consider the foam block as a building material for the construction of a utility block. Before contacting a construction company, the owners should roughly know the construction technology of the building, the types of materials and their advantages. This will help to clearly articulate thoughts when contacting a construction company and save time at the stage of planning the construction of a barn from foam blocks.

Source 5domov.ru

Features of foam blocks

Foam block, or lightweight building stone, is an inexpensive material that has proven itself in the construction of small houses. It is obtained by mixing cement, sand, water and a synthetic or natural blowing agent. In the process of mixing, a homogeneous mass is obtained, cut into measured pieces and left to harden on the street. The process does not require special skills and expensive equipment, therefore, when buying material, there is a high risk of acquiring a low-quality foam block.

    Polyethylene film to protect against moisture;

    Marking containing information about the characteristics of the foam block.

Do not confuse the foam block and the block of aerated concrete. In the second case, lime is added to the mixture. During a chemical reaction with aluminum powder, it releases hydrogen, which causes the porous structure of the material. After the blocks are formed and dried, they are subjected to heat treatment. This significantly increases the price of aerated concrete.

You can distinguish the foam block from aerated concrete with the naked eye: it does not have through pores, due to this, the moisture resistance of the material increases.

Source stroy-inform.com
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of buildings from foam concrete blocks from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Advantages

There are several reasons to build a hozblok from foam concrete blocks:

    Building under construction in a short time due to the ease of stacking blocks;

    porous structure material provides a small thermal insulation of the room. due to this, animals can be kept in the building in the winter;

    Foam block does not burn, and during a fire does not emit harmful substances;

    Blocks have light weight with a large volume, this allows you to build buildings on any soil using a lightweight foundation;

    Blocks are easy amenable to cutting, they are given any shape and size;

    The walls pass air and steam well, a comfortable microclimate is created inside the room.

Source pt.decoratex.biz

disadvantages

The foam block has several disadvantages:

    The material has unsightly appearance and requires external finishing;

    The outer layer of the foam block absorbs water, therefore, waterproofing is desirable for him;

    At temperature fluctuations blocks saturated with moisture are quickly destroyed due to alternate freezing and thawing of water inside the pores.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that specialize in the construction of houses and other objects from foam concrete. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Types of foam blocks

There are several types of foam blocks according to various criteria:

Density:

    Low-density heat-insulating blocks weigh 11-19 kg, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.12 W / m ° C. Found application in warming of internal walls of buildings. Brands D400 and D500. Not applicable for the construction of load-bearing structures;

    Structural and heat-insulating blocks have an average weight of 23–35 kg, a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.14–0.29 W/m °C. Brands D600 and D900. Used for the construction of load-bearing walls of low-rise buildings;

    Structural blocks have a high density and sufficient strength for the construction of load-bearing walls or ceilings. The average weight of one block is 39–47 kg, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.36 W / m ° C. Brands of blocks D1000 and D1100/

Source nauka-i-religia.ru

Manufacturing technology:

    Threaded blocks are formed from the mixture by cutting with a steel wire. This type of block has an improved indicator of geometry and edge integrity;

    formed blocks not so precise, they are made by pouring the material into molds with partitions. The manufacturing process is very simple, does not require special equipment and skills, so the material is characterized by low cost;

    reinforced blocks with polypropylene fiber have increased strength and are used for the construction of load-bearing walls.

On our site you can familiarize yourself with the most. In the filters, you can set the desired direction, the presence of gas, water, electricity and other communications.

Purpose:

    wall has a standard size;

    Partition semi-blocks are used to build walls inside the building;

    non-standard Blocks are made to order.

Source rust-mint.ru

It is recommended to build a barn from foam blocks from D600 grade material. Structural and heat-insulating blocks have the necessary strength, and low thermal conductivity will protect the barn from freezing. The blocks are relatively light in weight, so a small number of workers can be involved in the construction.

If a special glue is used to fasten the blocks, then it is possible to build only from threaded materials.

Preparation: barn projects, drawings, approximate dimensions

Before starting work, the customer needs to clearly articulate their desires when contacting a construction company engaged in the manufacture of a barn from turnkey foam blocks:

    Hosts first choose size future building. The optimal dimensions of the utility block are 4 * 6 m;

    The hosts choose location of the building, and representatives of the construction company inspect the site and make a verdict on the possibility of installing a utility block at this place. The decision depends on the analysis of the soil and the location of the barn in relation to other buildings and site boundaries;

    The hosts choose roof shape, location of doors and windows.

After receiving data about the future object, engineers draw up a project for a utility block from foam blocks, approve it from the customer and begin construction.

Source nemasterok.ru

Design calculation

The design calculation allows you to determine the amount of material, the expected temperature in the room and the load on the foundation and foundation (the soil on which the foundation rests). The calculation is performed by engineers after the project is agreed with the customer. They advise the most suitable materials, ways of finishing walls and creating a roof.

Source desin-cafe.ru

Material Quantity Calculation

At the beginning, a barn plan is being prepared and material for its construction is being selected. The standard size of the foam block brand D600: 20 * 30 * 60 cm. The amount of material for the barn:

    For block count calculations the length of the wall is divided by the length of the block 600/60=10 pcs. This is the number of blocks for laying the first row of a long wall;

    Calculated similarly number of blocks for a short wall. From the value of her pancakes, the block width is subtracted, doubled (400-(20*2))/60=6 blocks;

    Located sum of blocks for laying one row: 10*2+6*2=32 blocks;

    Standard building height 250 cm. The number of blocks is calculated in the same way: 250/30 = 8.3 blocks. The value is rounded up;

    For construction one shed you will need 9 * 32 \u003d 288 foam blocks of the D600 brand.

In addition to blocks for construction, it is necessary to purchase boards for the construction of the floor, log and roof truss system.

Source qakiwos.mixetap.ru.net

Foundation selection

In most cases, a strip foundation is suitable for the construction of utility blocks for giving from foam blocks. I put it in accordance with the rules:

    Foundation poured in a pre-prepared trench, on the bottom of which sand or a sand-gravel mixture is laid;

    Foundation deepening must exceed the depth of freezing of the soil. This value is individual for each region;

    Foundation poured 40 cm above ground level;

    Extra strength reinforcement mesh attaches to the foundation;

    The foundation is being poured at once;

    Further work can be done a week later. During this time, the concrete mixture is gaining 70% strength. She will gain all the strength in 28 days;

    The mixture should set at a positive temperature and high humidity from 90%.

Source m-x.com.ua

The choice of insulation

In regions with a cold climate, outbuildings must be insulated. This will prevent the interior temperature of the room from dropping too low at night. Cattle can be kept in insulated utility blocks.

Heaters for the barn:

    Mineral wool;

    Penoplekfrom;

    Cork;

    Penofol;

    Styrofoam.

When building a barn for a summer residence from foam blocks, the optimal insulation is mineral wool. The material does not burn, does not emit harmful substances, has a low thermal conductivity (0.035 W / m ° C), is easy to install. Mineral wool is laid in blocks on the crate from the inside of the walls; it requires additional vapor barrier from the side of the room and waterproofing from the side of the wall. Mineral wool is covered with plywood sheets and only after that the interior decoration of the room is carried out.

Source 1poteply.ru

Roof

The shape of the roof is selected based on the snow load, individual for each region. The gable roof is stronger, it allows you to effectively use the attic space and is suitable for covering spans of more than 4 m.

For the arrangement of the roof choose a profiled sheet. Strong, durable and cheap material does a good job of protecting the building from environmental influences.

Source udec.ru

Video description

How a barn is built from foam blocks can be clearly seen in the following video:

Conclusion

Despite the simplicity of the design, it must be remembered that rather high operational requirements are imposed on the sheds, which means that professionals should be involved in their construction. This is a guarantee not only of the speed of construction, but also of the quality and durability of the building.

Expanded clay concrete is a building material, which includes sand, cement and expanded clay. The application will provide the construction of environmentally friendly material that does not require significant costs. It is used for the construction of partitions, load-bearing walls and for mounting openings in monolithic housing construction. Expanded clay blocks are excellent for subsequent finishing work and have heat-insulating, frost-resistant properties. The ease of installation of expanded clay concrete block allows you to build buildings and structures with your own hands. For example, you can build a barn on your own without much effort.

Expanded clay concrete block can be made by hand, for this you need sand, cement and expanded clay. With the help of vibrating pressing and steaming machines, finished products suitable for various housing constructions are made. The use of expanded clay blocks for the construction of agricultural buildings, utility buildings, namely a barn, is relevant.

Due to the foamed and baked clay in the composition of expanded clay, the lightness and strength of the blocks made from this solution are ensured. Expanded clay concrete has thermal insulation properties and is recommended for the construction of buildings in areas with hot and cold climates.

When building sheds from this material, it is worth remembering its high porosity; for this, the walls are covered with a waterproofing layer. Due to the lightness and large size of expanded clay blocks, the installation of walls in a shed does not take much time and effort.

Preparation of tools and materials

When working with expanded clay concrete blocks, you will need the following tools:

  • roulette;
  • mixer;
  • building level;
  • stitching;
  • Master OK;
  • rubber hammer;
  • square;
  • reinforcing mesh;
  • apparatus for;
  • electric saw;
  • bucket;
  • container for the manufacture of the working mixture;
  • cement;
  • sand;
  • expanded clay;
  • water;
  • roofing material for waterproofing.

Construction technology


It is necessary to dig trenches under the foundation to a depth of at least 50 cm.

A shed made of expanded clay concrete elements begins with marking the area and digging a trench to a depth of 50 cm. Next, they proceed to pour the foundation. To provide the barn with a warm floor, in addition to pouring concrete, heat-insulating materials are laid. The concrete solution is left to harden and gain maximum strength characteristics. After that, the expanded clay concrete elements begin to be laid.

To keep the heat in the room, experienced builders recommend laying more than one block. The solution is prepared from the calculation: three parts of sand and one part of cement. The construction technology of the barn includes the establishment of ventilation for fresh and natural air exchange.

To build a barn with your own hands, you need to have certain knowledge and skills. It will take about a week to build a hand-made barn. At the end of construction, windows, doors, flooring are installed. Check air circulation.

Location and marking

The construction of outbuildings begins with determining the optimal location. For convenience, sheds are located near the house or behind it, but in such a place that they are not conspicuous. After choosing the territory, they begin to mark it, setting pegs over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. Next, a layer of soil with a depth of 0.3 m is removed, in which the roots of plants are located.

Foundation

Before proceeding with the installation of the foundation, they determine the purpose of the barn. To store small items erected, tape is used in case of future storage of large inventory in the barn. With a columnar foundation, aerated concrete columns are made around the entire perimeter of the site. To do this, they dig holes, and their middle is covered with sand and rammed. For the installation of a strip foundation, a ditch is dug, and the bottom is covered with sand. The tape type of foundation requires the installation of formwork and reinforcing structures. The ditch is poured with concrete mortar and left to dry for a week.

Walls and roof


Reinforcement of the first row of blocks.

Laying the first row of walls starts from the corner. The second row is carried out in the middle of the block of the previous one in relation to the bottom row. The third row fits in the same way as the first. Before starting the construction of the wall, it is important to take care of future openings for windows and doors. The openings are connected with an adhesive mixture or concrete mortar. It is necessary to observe the evenness of laying, using the building level.

Roofs for utility buildings are suitable for ordinary shed roofs. Prepare for the roofs the base of the bars with a thickness of one centimeter or one and a half. The bars are mounted alternately with the crossbars. When installing the bars for the base, observe the distance between them, which corresponds to one meter. The roofs of the sheds are covered with slate, following the technological process, namely:

  • sheets are laid from below;
  • place sheets of slate overlapping each other;
  • self-tapping screws or nails are used as fasteners.
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