This article will help you understand what cold-applied bituminous mastic is. What is the difference between cold and hot mastic. Where is it used. How to choose the right material by properties and qualities for the required work.
Bitumen is a hard resin used to make mastic. In order for the material to become plastic, its temperature is increased, which significantly increases the time of work and has a clear drawback - the risk of fire.
For this reason, it is much more convenient to use cold applied mastic. Due to the solvents present in the composition, the waterproofing material is in a liquid state and heating is not required for use.
Hot and cold mastics are used to achieve complete waterproofing. The solvent evaporates, the material solidifies. It turns out a high-strength waterproofing layer.
There are two types of cold applied bituminous mastic
First view
It is made on the basis of solvents. These are ready-to-work mixtures. Solvent-based mastic is suitable for use at sub-zero temperatures.
This type of waterproofing sets within 24 hours. Complete curing of the mastic and the acquisition of waterproofing properties takes a week.
Typically, this type of material is used in roofing.
The second type of bituminous waterproofing coating
They are made on a water basis - which characterizes the material as not harmful to the environment.
The coating does not have a pungent odor, dries in a couple of hours.
Water-based waterproofing cannot be used at low temperatures. It is also worth storing the material in a warm room.
Bituminous mastic has different modifications
Let's consider them.
Unmodified waterproofing. The composition does not contain polymers and other components that enhance the properties of the material. For roofs, this view is not suitable, for the foundation it is ideal. The waterproofing applied to the foundation does not experience atmospheric overloads.
Mastic without polymers is not recommended for roofing.
Bitumen-polymer mastic. From the name of the material it is clear that this type of waterproofing is characterized by high performance. Perfectly adapted to a wide temperature range. Very good molecular bond (adhesion), which allows the mastic to be used for gluing roofing material and similar materials.
Bitumen-polymer mastic, due to its qualities, is widely used to cover flat roofs.
Bitumen-rubber mastic. The composition contains a crumb of rubber. It has decent anti-corrosion properties. Used to cover metal structures.
For roofing bituminous - rubber mastic is NOT suitable.
Bitumen-rubber waterproofing, it is also liquid rubber - very elastic with high physical and mechanical properties. These qualities increase the wear resistance of the coating. Great for roofing.
Rubber mastic can become an independent roofing. Virtually unaffected by the weather.
The type of mastic is directly related to the components contained in it.
One-component - ready-to-use coating.
Two-component mastic before starting work requires mixing with a hardener. Used for professional purposes. Has good performance.
When using a two-component mastic, it is IMPORTANT to follow the mixing instructions exactly. Incorrect proportions will lead to an increase in the hardening time.
The main advantages of bituminous mastic of cold application
- Reduces waterproofing time
- Mastic can be diluted with a solvent, which will make it the desired consistency
- Service life more than 25 years
- The coating can be applied on surfaces made of different materials
- Easy application.
- Self use
Cons of this material
- High price.
- Bituminous - polymer mastic gives a large shrinkage, which affects the consumption of material.
Application
Bituminous mastic of cold application material consumption:
- For bonding 0.8 – 1 kg per square meter
- For waterproofing layer 2 - 3.8 kg per square meter
There are two leading manufacturers in the market:
- Bituminous mastic TECHNONICOL
- Bituminous mastic EXPERT
Both manufacturers meet all requirements. There may be a difference in cost. And some nuances, such as material consumption and drying time.
Important to remember. Before applying the mastic, it is necessary to clean the surface of debris, dirt. The area to be treated must be dry. If the surface is porous, it must be pre-treated with a primer.
Surface treatment with bitumen is the most affordable and effective way to waterproof brick, concrete structures, metal tanks, pipes, wooden beams and other building materials. However, bitumen in its pure form has some disadvantages - the material is difficult to apply, and under the influence of temperature changes, the protective film cracks. Substances have been added to the composition of modern bituminous mastics that increase the hardness and crack resistance of the waterproofing coating.
Let's consider what technical and operational properties bitumen has, what technology should be followed when applying the material, and we will also give recommendations on choosing a waterproofing mastic.
Composition of bituminous mastic
Bituminous mastic is a plastic material with high astringent and waterproofing properties. The composition of the material, in addition to bitumen, includes astringent organic substances and additives based on minerals.
Hardness, density and resistance to low temperatures are provided by the following components:
- asbestos dust;
- mineral wool;
- quartz, limestone and brick powders (pulverized) on a thin-sheet basis;
- combined ash.
The presence of functional thickeners (peat chips, chalk, ground asbestos) guarantees the convenience of applying mastic, reducing consumption and improving the thermal insulation properties of the material.
For resistance to bending and reinforcement of the material, fibrous fillers of bituminous mastic are responsible. Polymer components give the material waterproofing qualities.
Bituminous mastic: characteristics and properties of the material
The scope of bituminous mastic is determined by its technical characteristics:
- conditional strength - 0.2-0.5 MPa (kgf / cm2);
- adhesion strength with concrete - 0.3-0.4 MPa (kgf / cm2);
- water absorption during the day by weight - no more than 0.5-1%;
- elongation at break - 100-300% (depending on the type of bituminous mastic);
- conditional viscosity - not less than 15-30 seconds;
- softening temperature - not less than 100-130°C.
The technical characteristics of bituminous mastic give the material the following performance qualities:
Scope of bituminous mastics
Waterproofing mastics have a wide range of applications. Most often, bitumen-based materials are used to perform the following works:
Important! The use of bituminous mastic is relevant for various types of roofing: metal pitched, rolled, slate, reinforced concrete slabs, etc.
Bituminous mastic: application for roof repair
Classification of waterproofing mastics
All bituminous mastics can be classified according to three main criteria:
- application method;
- preparation method;
- type of elastic additives.
Depending on the technological features of the application, two types of mastics are distinguished: hot and cold application.
Mastics hot application before use it is necessary to warm up to 150-300 °C. This significantly complicates the process of waterproofing the surface. The advantages of "hot" mastics include:
- the formation of a particularly durable coating with a high degree of elasticity;
- protective film does not shrink;
- the possibility of carrying out work at negative air temperatures;
- "non-porous" structure of the material;
- affordable cost.
"Hot" bituminous mastics are used to strengthen the foundation and create reliable foundation protection in difficult conditions.
More popular in the application of "cold" mastics. This is due to a number of advantages of the material:
- ease of application - no need to warm up the mastic;
- wide color range of bituminous waterproofing;
- resistance to ultraviolet radiation.
"Cold" mastics mixed with a solvent, after evaporation of which, the coating hardens and acquires the necessary performance characteristics
According to the method of preparation, bituminous mastics are divided into two types:
- one-component;
- two-component.
One-component formulations can be used immediately after opening the container, do not require additional preparation. However, such material has a significant drawback - after opening, it is necessary to work out the entire can, otherwise the mastic will harden. This quality must be taken into account when working on a large surface.
Two-component formulations must be mixed with a thickener before work. Preparation does not take much time, but the shelf life of such mastics is much longer than one-component bitumen.
Depending on the type of elastic additives that make up the bituminous mastic, the following types of waterproofing materials are distinguished:
Overview of products from leading manufacturers of bituminous mastics
Both domestic and foreign companies are engaged in the production of bituminous mastic. Consider the most popular brands.
Mastic "Hydroizol" has the following characteristics:
- tensile strength - 37-60 kgf;
- flexibility and absolute waterproofness;
- withstands temperature rise up to +85°C for 2 hours;
- service life of the coating - 15 years;
Technonikol company has developed a whole line of bituminous mastics and materials for base preparation:
- For waterproofing the foundation, roof and buried structures, the following are used:
- bituminous roofing mastic Technomast No. 21;
- MGTN - waterproofing mastic No. 24;
- water-based mastic No. 33;
- hot mastic "Eureka" No. 41;
- bitumen-rubber mastic No. 20.
- To carry out waterproofing work indoors, TechnoNIKOL bitumen mastic No. 31 is used - an aqueous emulsion of oil bitumen.
- To protect the coating from UV radiation and thermal abrasion, aluminum mastic No. 57 is used. The composition of the material includes an aluminum pigment with reflective properties.
Russian firm "Rastro" produces waterproofing materials under two brands:
- "Izhora" - bitumen-polymer sealants and "hot" mastics.
- "Slavyanka" - "cold" bitumen-polymer mastic, designed for waterproofing roofs, foundations and culverts.
In addition, the products of the following companies are in good demand: Bitumast and Remmers Elastoplast.
Consumption of bituminous mastic: norms and calculation
The consumption of mastic is usually indicated on the label. If this parameter is not specified, then it can be calculated independently, focusing on the following recommendations:
- Material consumption directly depends on the percentage composition of volatile solvents. Typically, this figure ranges from 20-70%. At 70%, the mastic consumption will be 3 times less than at 20%.
- When calculating, it is important to take into account the consumption rates for performing different work:
- foundation waterproofing - 2-4 kg / m2;
- roof arrangement - 3.5-6 kg / m2;
- gluing roofing material - 1-2 kg/m2.
Important! When processing vertical surfaces, the mastic is applied in two layers. It is necessary to cover the second layer only after the previous one has dried.
Methods for applying bituminous mastic
Based on the considered classification, we can conclude that there are two main methods for applying bituminous mastic: cold and hot. In addition, "cold" mastic can be applied both manually and mechanically.
manual method involves the use of large paint brushes with short and stiff bristles. Flute brushes work best for this job. The mastic can be applied with a short pile seaming roller.
When waterproofing horizontal surfaces, the emulsion is poured onto the base, carefully leveled with a doctor blade, and then rubbed with a roller or brush.
mechanized way involves the use of an airless sprayer with a working pressure of 150 bar. The unit must be specially designed for viscous formulations.
Important! Only sprayers are suitable for operation, in which the mixing of the components takes place inside
Roof waterproofing technology with bituminous mastic
Here is a step-by-step progress in waterproofing the roof with cold-applied bituminous mastic:
Advice! Before applying the mastic, it is necessary to conduct a test and determine the degree of humidity of the base. To do this, lay a plastic film 1 * 1 m in size on the prepared concrete surface. If after 4-24 hours no condensation appears under the film, then you can start processing the base with mastic
- This is a homogeneous plastic substance made on the basis of bitumen and various additives that improve its properties. It has excellent physical and chemical characteristics, which make it an ideal waterproofing and adhesive material. After being applied to the surface, the mastic quickly hardens.
Bituminous mastics are used in any field of construction, covering most surfaces with them, including their use:
for the roof
With bituminous mastic for roofing, you can quickly and efficiently seal the surface, without the use of equipment. Mastic can be applied to any cleaned and even roof surface.
Brief instruction-reminder:
- Bituminous mastic is applied with a hard brush or brush in a thin layer. On a small damaged surface, it is better to apply with a spatula.
- When repairing a soft roof, the place of swelling is cut crosswise, the interior space is cleaned and dried, and then carefully treated with mastic.
- Mastic patches are sprinkled with sand to protect them from overheating.
- Cracked roofing material after cleaning is covered with hot mastic, when working with which you must be as careful as possible. Coating waterproofing is the simplest, most reliable and economical type of repair work.
Roofing with bituminous mastic:
Roofs treated with mastic have a long service life. If she still needs repairs, it will be very easy to repair the roof.
To repair the roof with bituminous mastic, the following work is carried out:
- Eliminate coating defects.
- Cut the bubbles present on the coating by making cuts in the form of a cross and dry them.
- The surfaces inside the incision are smeared with mastic.
- The edges of the incision are connected, aligned and fixed.
- A layer of mastic is applied to the cuts, fiberglass is laid in the form of a strip 10 cm wide and the mastic is reapplied.
- Large cracks and gaps are treated similarly.
For roofing material
Mastic for roofing material is one of the most reliable methods of its fastening. Mastic helps to securely fasten the roofing felt to the roof, remove air pockets. The surface of the roof is smooth and perfectly withstands loads. Suitable for hot and cold mastic.
For waterproofing
To protect structures in the ground from moisture, waterproofing mastic is used. She waterproofs bathrooms, pipelines, arranges seamless waterproofing coatings in basements, wells and pools.
Buildings treated with bituminous mastic for waterproofing acquire protection from fire.
For foundation
For all types of waterproofing, one cannot do without mastic made from petroleum bitumen, to which organic and mineral solvents and fillers are added.
This mastic is the best waterproofing material due to the following properties:
- elasticity;
- frost resistance;
- good adhesion;
- resistance to ultraviolet radiation;
- ease of application.
The foundation is treated in several layers with bituminous mastic from all sides, making it completely hydrolyzed. The cheapest coating is with hot bitumen, but it is more difficult to work with it. To avoid difficulties, it is better to choose a cold bituminous mastic with organic solvents (polymer). To work with it, you only need brushes and a spatula.
To process the inside of the foundation, water-based mastic is used. It has a neutral smell and dries quickly. In industrial construction, bitumen-latex emulsions are applied mechanically.
Waterproofing the foundation with mastic is carried out using brushes, rollers, any tools that can be used to apply the composition to the surface. The mastic is applied in two layers, maintaining a technological pause between them. Its value depends on the characteristics of the composition.
On the video - how to properly waterproof the foundation with bituminous mastic:
For floor
For floor protection devices, modern bituminous mastic is often used. It is non-toxic and dries quickly. Bitumen mastic for the floor does not emit unpleasant odors. Most often it is used for waterproofing the bathroom.
For parquet
For fixing parquet floors on concrete or cement-sand screeds, cold mastics are used:
- bitumen-cookersalt;
- bitumen,
- rubber-bitumen;
- coumaron-cookersalt.
The use of cold mastics is due to the fact that their setting is slow, which allows you to accurately connect the strips into a ridge and groove. On bituminous mastic, you can lay parquet with an oblique edge.
For wood
Bituminous mastic MBU is used for wood processing. Especially important is the processing of wooden surfaces that are buried in the ground. If the mastic is very thick, it is heated with the lid open and thoroughly mixed after that.
For linoleum
Each type of linoleum is put on "its" mastic:
- Bituminous for a fabric basis.
- Dispersion - for a heat-insulating substrate.
- Mastics with the addition of synthetic resins and rubbers are suitable for baseless linoleum.
- Before laying linoleum on mastic, the floor is pre-primed. Mastic is applied to the floor with a notched trowel.
Gluing linoleum to mastic
For laminate
When laying laminate on bituminous mastic, the floor is warm, sound and moisture insulated. Equip it in the same way as when laying parquet.
For metal
For metal and automobiles, bitumen-polymer and rubber-bitumen mastics are most suitable. It perfectly protects the car, but before processing, the metal must be cleaned of dirt and rust, washed and dried.
For concrete
Although concrete is a monolithic product with increased strength, it always has microcracks and small pores through which water easily seeps through. Because of this, the reinforcement may rust over time, the foundation block may burst and sink into the ground. Therefore, concrete structures are treated with bituminous mastic, which reliably protects all cracks, pores and interpanel seams.
To do this, use various mastics made from:
- solid bitumen;
- liquefied;
- waterproofing bitumen-rubber.
For expansion joints
Commercially available hot bituminous or cold mastics can be used to seal joints in concrete pavements. They withstand more than 200 defrosting and freezing cycles.
Bituminous mastic for bridge expansion joints:
For asphalt
To repair asphalt and seal the roadway, special mastics are used. They withstand strong compression and stretching, have good adhesion, and can be used at low temperatures. Already an hour after the work, the road surface can be exploited.
For ovens
To perform work on facing fireplaces and stoves, heat-resistant bitumen-polymer mastic is used. It withstands temperatures up to +1200 °C and above. It dries quickly, does not emit odor, and prevents the development of fungi and mold. It is a heat-resistant, reliable, durable, bactericidal adhesive material.
For the pool
To seal the pool, thiokols and rubber-bitumen mastics are most often used. Mastics harden right in the seam and eventually turn into an elastic black sealant. To fill the seams use a pneumatic syringe with replaceable cartridges.
Application of special mastic on the bottom and walls of the pool
For Styrofoam
Recently, bituminous mastic began to securely attach polystyrene sheets to metal, concrete, expanded clay, brick and wood. During work, vertical sheets of expanded polystyrene are fixed with temporary supports for a reliable connection, and a load is placed on the horizontal sheets.
How to work with mastic
To create an effective waterproof layer, the bituminous mastic is vigorously mixed using a drill or mixer.
For ease of application and increase plasticity, you can heat it. Since the layer is elastic, it is better not to apply hot mastic on surfaces that are often subjected to strong mechanical stress. A hot solution penetrates into the pores better, as it has an increased fluidity and, therefore, adheres more strongly to the material being processed.
The preparation of hot mastic must be carried out, observing safety precautions. more beneficial for large scale projects. Cold mastic is sold ready for use, it is safe to use and more convenient. But it costs more than hot.
They work with bituminous mastic at air temperature from -10° to +50°C. The mastic itself should be heated in a water bath to +15 degrees and above.
When working with mastic, you need to be aware of its fire hazard and toxicity. It is forbidden to warm it up on an open fire, as well as store it near a source of fire. If work is carried out indoors, it is necessary to create ventilation.
Preparation of hot bituminous mastic:
Consumption and consumption rate
Consumption of bituminous mastic per 1m? depends on its type. The consumption indicator depends on the type of material. Hot bituminous mastics do not decrease in thickness after hardening, therefore they are considered non-shrinking. To apply bituminous mastic in one layer with a thickness of 0.2 cm, it is required from 2.0 to 2.4 kg / m2.
An important characteristic of mastic consumption is the indicator of dry residue content. This is its amount that remains on the treated surface after it has dried and hardened. With a small dry residue, the consumption of the original mastic increases in order to form a film of a given thickness.
In the dry residue, to create a layer 2 mm thick, 3.4-3.8 kg / m? bituminous mastic. Most ready-to-use mastics have a solids content of 20 to 70 percent.
Applying mastic
In order for the mastic to adhere well to the treated surface, it is necessary to carefully clean the treated area from all types of contaminants. After that, the finished surface is thoroughly dried and heated. Thanks to this approach, the mastic will be applied evenly and you can save on its consumption.
The most popular tool for applying it is a brush or roller. They apply mastic and apply it like ordinary paint, without rubbing strongly into the surface. After drying, re-processing is done.
Bituminous-latex compounds can be applied by machine airless spray. With this method, a uniform layer is obtained, and material consumption is low.
You can also apply the mastic using bulk application, for this it is poured onto the surface and leveled with scrapers, mops or long-handled rollers. Although with this method, productivity is higher, more material is consumed.
What can dilute the mastic
Bituminous mastic is diluted with white spirit, solvent, toluene or kerosene until the required consistency is formed. After that, it is thoroughly stirred.
A few more words about the basics of using bituminous mastics:
Work on the insulation of various surfaces is increasingly being carried out using bituminous mastics. Since their appearance on the construction market, the popularity of this type of waterproofing has only grown. The situation is explained quite simply - it is very convenient to work with them, and the cost is not higher than that of similar materials.
When carrying out a comparative characteristic of bituminous mastic and other materials, it should be noted that special attention should be paid to this material. Cold bituminous mastic is cheap and at the same time has excellent performance properties.
Material Features
The compositions that are made for the insulation of roofing are created from a bituminous base. The material itself does not have the properties that an insulating material needs. In severe frosts, it begins to crack, and in hot weather - to melt.
However, it was possible to get rid of these disadvantages after adding polymer compounds to the bitumen. The result is a coating that can withstand temperature extremes and other external influences. Mastic is quite reliable and has a long service life.
To understand the whole variety of such solutions, two types of products should be distinguished:
- hot;
- cold.
Professional builders often recommend using hot mortars. Such material requires the use of special tools. Before starting work, it is necessary to heat the material to the required temperature. Then the resulting mixture should be well stirred. For heating it is necessary to use an open flame. Such difficulties when working with hot types of solutions stop many builders from buying this material.
Cold mastics have one feature - when they are used, preparation is not carried out. You just need to mix the composition, and then proceed to its application. The ease of use of the material explains its wide popularity.
Bituminous mastic of cold application is used mainly when arranging a layer of roofing waterproofing. In addition, it can be used for roof repairs. It is applied to the surface before mounting rolls of roofing material.
If it is necessary to reliably protect the roof from water, it is necessary to take care of waterproofing of high reliability. It is more profitable to use cold bituminous compositions, if necessary, to close certain sections of the roof. With the help of such solutions, various surfaces are repaired.
Important! Another plus of this material is that when choosing a cold mastic, you will need to use a smaller amount of material than when choosing hot compositions.
Cold mastic is used to process the foundations of various buildings. After a while, raw concrete begins to collapse, so it is important to exclude the impact of negative factors on it. High-quality bituminous mastic is made using special components that are resistant to various negative processes, such as rusting.
Product types
Often, bitumen-cookersal mastic is chosen from the whole variety of cold compositions. When it is produced, building varnish is added to the composition. Petroleum bitumen and solvent are mixed into the solution. Such compounds have gained quite wide popularity when protecting the roof from negative influences. The use of this material allows you to create a high-quality waterproofing layer.
Cold compositions are divided into several groups according to the same principle as hot ones. They are divided depending on the composition and class. When classifying, the main component of the product is of primary importance.
Today, there are several types of such materials:
- bitumen-rubber mastics of cold application- rubber crumb is added to it;
- bitumen-latex- prior to their application usually does not require pre-treatment of the surface;
- bituminous oil- have frost-resistant varieties;
- bitumen-rubber- the most commonly used compositions;
- bitumen-cookersalt- they are often called simply kukersols.
Very rarely, the classification of compounds according to functional predisposition should be taken into account. This is explained quite simply - mastic can be used for any work, regardless of the composition and technical characteristics.
Particular attention should be paid to bitumen-latex products. They can be used both for insulating various surfaces, and in order to protect the roof itself. Other materials can also be used for such purposes. Cookersol varnish differs from similar products.
This material is effectively used to protect foundations and various concrete structures. However, it is not recommended to use it when installing roofs. This is due to the high cost of the composition. Quite often, developers choose bituminous mastic for the Aquamast foundation.
Pros and cons
It is worth highlighting the important positive and negative aspects of bituminous mastic. A large number of advantages of the composition makes it popular:
- Cold bituminous mastic dries very quickly.
- To perform work with bituminous derivatives with the highest quality, you do not need to have construction experience or a special set of tools.
- Bituminous compositions have good elasticity. Mastic penetrates deep enough into the structure of the material.
- Cold compositions are often used for internal insulation of premises. This is due to the presence of solvents in the mixture.
In addition to the positive aspects, bitumen also has negative ones:
- does not differ in resistance to ultraviolet;
- has a low flammability class;
- high-quality cold mastic can outperform hot mastic at a price.
Such features of the compositions should be taken into account when choosing a mastic for repairing various surfaces.
Manufacturers
Cold mastic has a certain structure, which is similar to hot mastic. Therefore, many manufacturers who are leaders in the field of cold mastics are also well positioned in the field of hot types.
Some of them are worth a closer look:
- TechnoNIKOL. The company has been a leader in the cold mastics market in Russia for quite a long time. Every hardware store has products manufactured under this brand. The price of such products is quite low. This company has enough experience in the manufacture of such materials. It produces high-quality bituminous derivatives with high performance properties.
- Uamast. This manufacturer specializes in the manufacture of cold-type bituminous mastics. Another direction of production is the creation of compositions necessary for the installation and repair of roofs. The advantages of cold-type compositions from this manufacturer are availability and a wide range.
Given these features, it is easier to choose a mastic of a particular production.
Today TechnoNIKOL is the leader in the market of modern insulating materials. It has a wide variety of products in its range. At the same time, the price of insulating materials from this manufacturer is quite low. However, you should not focus only on.
You should study in detail the materials that are available in the store. You should dwell on those materials that show themselves more favorably in terms of performance. As already mentioned, if concrete structures are insulated, it is better to pay attention to bitumen-cookersal compositions.
If it is necessary to perform high-quality waterproofing, you should pay attention to the mastic, which is based on rubber, when looking for material. It makes sense to purchase other formulations containing this component. An excellent choice, if necessary, to create high-quality waterproofing - bituminous cold mastic.
The main distinguishing property of such compositions is high elasticity and good fluidity. When carrying out roofing work, it is necessary to choose only those materials that are made on the basis of rubber.
When choosing a cold-type mastic, which is intended for roofing, it is necessary to prepare for the fact that its cost will be significant. However, you can count on the ability to make a very reliable coating. After many years, its structure will not change.
In the case of using oil products, a film appears on the insulated material, which is resistant to temperature extremes. This material is ideal when it is necessary to close up the joints of the roofing.
Subtleties of correct use
If the owner of a summer house or a residential country house has acquired cold mastic, he has the opportunity to apply it without any special preparation. The only thing that needs to be done before work is to stir the composition.
When kneading, you can see that the mastic is liquefied. Thanks to this, it becomes more convenient to work with her. The composition penetrates into the structure of the material much faster. It should be said that mechanically the mastic is applied very rarely. This material is too viscous for spray application. That is why before work you need to find a roller.
If the material is very liquid, it is applied with a brush. When a bituminous mastic coating is created, the composition must be applied in several layers. Each of them is left to dry for a day. If a roof is being repaired, which is made of roofing material, both sides must be treated with mastic. After that, wait until each of them is completely dry. You need to wait at least 20 minutes. Then gluing is carried out.
The main point is compliance with the storage conditions of the insulating material. Cold mastics should be closed, and access to fresh air should be excluded. When storing mastic in an open container, after a day it freezes and deteriorates. As a result, the material becomes unusable.
In some cases, when working with mastic, it is necessary to perform reinforcement. For this purpose, a special grid is used. When performing a protective coating, it is necessary to lay the mesh in the middle part of the coating.
In cold weather outside, the mastic should be heated to 50 degrees. If the air is humid and the air temperature is below 5 degrees, then even when heated, it will not be possible to provide high-quality surface treatment even when the material is heated. In this case, it is necessary to postpone the planned work.
conclusions
Bituminous mastic is a suitable material for roof insulation. Thanks to its use, it is possible to reliably protect the roof from water penetration. This has a good effect on the life of both the roofing material itself and the truss structure.
When choosing a material, you need to focus on its technical data. Often, buyers pay more attention to the price of the compositions. When using high-quality material, a high-quality coating is created that can perfectly protect various surfaces from external influences.
Mastic is a fairly strong binding building material. It can be used to seal walls, ceilings, floors, windows, tiling and waterproofing. Mastic is produced in liquid or pasty form, as well as in the form of a thick adhesive mass. On the modern market, a ready-made powder composition is often found, which can only be diluted with water before direct use.
Types of bitumen compositions
Absolutely all types of mastics have high adhesive properties and most of them are similar in composition. To select the required type of material, you must first evaluate the surface and type of work.
Bituminous mastic is a modern and easy-to-use waterproofing material that is widely used in roofing, hydro- and vapor barriers, as well as in the processing of interfloor ceilings. This type consists of a bituminous binder, herbicides, antiseptics and fillers.
Bituminous mastic has many advantages, namely:
- elasticity, good stretchability and recoverability;
- high thermal stability;
- durability and reliability.
waterproofing. It is created on the basis of bituminous mastic in the form of a semi-fluid paste, ready for use. It consists of various mineral fillers, bituminous emulsions, special additives based on synthetic resins.
This material has all the characteristics of bituminous mastic, but its mechanical strength is much higher. The material is used for waterproofing walls, roofs, foundations, balconies, pipes, cement or metal gutters.
Cold bitumen-cookersalt. It is made from kukersol lacquer and a solution of slate resin. To improve the characteristics, latex emulsions based on dispersed rubber are added to the composition of bituminous mastics. Such materials are called bitumen-latex and are used for fastening roofing.
Roofing. Also called self-leveling roofing and can be used as a stand-alone roofing material. Mastic is produced in the form of a viscous homogeneous mass, which is applied to the surface with a sprayer or brush.
When using roofing mastic, there are no joints and seams, since a continuous, monolithic coating is created. Steel, roofing material, concrete and other materials can be covered with this insulating material. Also, roofing mastic is used to repair the old roof, sealing joints and seams.
The coating of this material has the following advantages:
- high strength;
- weather resistance;
- resistance to sunlight and temperature extremes;
- elasticity;
- anti-corrosion;
- slight weight.
bituminous rubber . Produced in the form of a homogeneous mass of black color, ready for use. The composition includes a mixture of grades of oil bitumen, synthetic rubber, fine rubber crumb, mineral fillers, natural resin acids, targeted additives and various solvents.
This material is quite elastic, has good heat resistance and withstands temperature fluctuations from -30˚C to +130˚C. It is also used to repair mastic roofs and acts as an adhesive when using rolled roofing materials and to create waterproofing structures and structures.
Polymer mastic . It is a quick-drying, environmentally friendly, water-based bituminous material, enhanced with special polymers. It is used for coating waterproofing of underground structures, sealing of sewers and wells. Once applied to the surface, the mastic forms a waterproof rubber film that has a very long service life.
Sealing mastic. It is produced in the form of a thick white mass used for sealing joints, cracks, cracks and seams in reinforced concrete and concrete structures. It has excellent adhesion to metal, wood and concrete. After the mastic has completely dried, it can be treated with paint and varnish coatings.
Refractory. This mastic is produced in the form of a gray viscous plastic mass. It is made from a binder inorganic substance with the addition of silicate additives and mineral fillers. This mastic is used for insulation of furnaces and flues and withstands temperatures up to +1600˚C.
Non-hardening sealing mastic. Homogeneous viscous mass, consisting of several varieties of rubber, fillers and plasticizers. Sold in briquettes and used for sealing exterior walls, sealing door and window blocks at the junction with the wall.
Universal. This is a homogeneous mass of bitumen and various fillers. Mastic is intended for waterproofing and roofing works, creation of anti-corrosion protection of various structures and pipelines. Also, using a universal mastic, you can glue various building materials.
Soundproof. A sprayable mass with good vibration-absorbing and sound-proofing characteristics, produced on the basis of an aqueous dispersion of synthetic resins with the addition of flame retardant components.
Butyl rubber mastic. This material is made from environmentally friendly components and is not subject to putrefactive processes. Mastic is widely used to create insulation for ventilation systems.
Acrylic waterproofing. The most popular material that creates a waterproof film when applied to the surface and protects the coating from mold, dampness and rust. It has high strength, ease of use and is used only for indoor sealing.
Epoxy. This type of material is produced in the form of a thick mass of bituminous resin dissolved in an organic thinner, dry pigment and filler with a plasticizer. Before direct use, a hardener is added to the mastic. Thanks to this material, very strong and wear-resistant floors of production halls are obtained, and it is also used as an adhesive.
Polyurethane two-component. Liquid mass of white color, odorless and forming a strong elastic coating after application. Two-component polyurethane mastic is used for waterproofing drinking water tanks, water pipes and rooms with high humidity.
Applying mastic
Bituminous mastics can be applied either manually, with a brush or roller, or mechanically, using a special air sprayer.
Both of these methods of application are quite technological and provide a good opportunity to carry out work related to the installation of the roof, quite easily and quickly, regardless of the angle of the slope of the roof surface. This is especially noticeable when constructing roofs with a large number of adjunctions and various elements.
When covering the roof of shafts, pipes, load-bearing structures, and so on with rolled materials, it takes a lot of time and effort to cut pieces of material, sometimes of a very complex configuration, while mastics in this case allow you to cover in the same way as on flat surfaces. surfaces. Therefore, mastics in this respect have certain advantages over rolled materials.
Consumption of bituminous mastic per 1m²
It is impossible to properly plan work and make an estimate without knowing how much material is needed to process 1m². To determine the consumption of mastic, the easiest way is to look at the label, and if this data is not on it, then at least the recommended minimum material for applying one layer is written. Therefore, it will not be difficult to independently calculate the required amount of material. Basically, 30-70% mastics consist of volatile solvents, which means the same percentage of shrinkage of the bituminous composition after its application.
Average material consumption per 1m²
Safety
Since many of the solvents used to create mastics are quite toxic and very flammable, certain safety precautions must be followed when working with such materials. Bituminous mastics should be prepared indoors with a good supply and exhaust ventilation system or outdoors.
When working with bituminous mastics in the open air, it is mandatory to use goggles and a respirator, and in enclosed spaces - gas masks. After each hour of work indoors, you should take a break for 15-20 minutes and spend it in the fresh air.
To prevent increased fogging during the mechanized method of working with mastics, it is necessary to keep the sprayer strictly perpendicular to the surface and no further than 0.5 meters from it. After working with such materials, dry your hands well, then wash them with soap and warm water.
Attention ! Smoking in areas where bituminous mastics are used is strictly prohibited.
Works that cause sparks or require the use of open flames must be carried out at a distance of at least 25 meters from the place where bituminous compounds are used. In rooms where work with mastics is carried out, the use of electrical equipment of an explosion-proof type is required only.
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