Every person who has had to deal with wood processing knows the importance of the final polishing of the finished product.
This also applies to holders for various agricultural implements, and wooden furniture, and building elements (doors, windows, window sills) and any other wood products. Sanding allows you to remove burrs, as well as bring smoothness and shine to the wood.
Of course, grinding work can be done with a regular piece sandpaper or a special attachment for drills or angle grinders. But this takes a lot of time and does not ensure the ideal shape of the product. Therefore, for such purposes, various grinding machines were created.
Most often in living conditions and in the conditions of small-scale production they use a drum grinding machine, the device, the principle of operation and the possibility of making it with our own hands, we will consider in this publication.
1 Drum grinder - device, principle of operation
The drum grinder got its name from the rotating cylinder - the drum, which, in fact, performs the function of grinding.
In addition to the grinding itself, which allows you to remove burrs and give wooden surface perfect smoothness, such devices also perform a calibration function. Drum grinder or any other type allows you to adjust wooden detail under the right dimensions with millimeter precision.
This machine is used for finishing sanding and grading of flat and long wood products, such as wood panel surfaces, chipboard, fiberboard, etc., doors, window sills, and so on. The use of such a device for processing cylindrical parts is not possible.
1.1 Main components
Drum grinder appearance and does not have a set of basic components fundamental differences from any other machine.
AT basic equipment Such a device includes the following elements:
- The bed is the part of any machine to which all other elements are attached.
- The engine performs the function of driving the moving parts of the machine. Most often, drum sanders for wood are equipped with two motors. One rotates the drum itself according to the principle of a drill, the second sets the feed tape in motion.
- Grinding planer drum, on which the emery belt is wound and attached. It is necessarily equipped with a tensioning mechanism, with the help of which, when the tape is heated, it is automatically tensioned. The rotating drum with sanding belt directly smoothes the woodwork.
- Feed drum with conveyor belt. This part of the woodworking machine produces independent wiring of a wooden product on the grinding drum. Thanks to flat surface conveyor and the same distance from the belt to the drum over its entire plane, the product is evenly adjusted to the desired dimensions.
- The mechanism that regulates the speed of the conveyor belt.
- Fixing racks of the grinding drum, equipped with a ruler. The ruler and screw fixation on the racks allow you to set the required thickness, under which the product must be adjusted.
- The protective cover covers the grinding drum to prevent injury during operation.
- Machine for removing dust and chips.
1.2 How it works
Such a grinding machine works on the principle of a drill. Its grinding part rotates the engine at high speed - an average of 2000 rpm.
The sander can have different weights, different sizes, sanding drum length, conveyor belt length and width, maximum and minimum drum installation height, etc.
Choice technical parameters device depends on the features for which it was purchased.
After installing the machine, you need to calibrate the grinding drum to avoid eccentric rotation and unnecessary vibrations. In addition, a non-centered drum will not be able to clean the products evenly.
To do this, we take two beams of the same height, install them on the feed belt, lower the drum on them and fix them in this position. Next, set the height of the mechanism, depending on the size of the part to be ground.
We turn on the installation. For the first pass it is better to set the minimum speed of the feed belt, for the final - the maximum - 3 meters per minute.
The grinding drum should gain momentum, like a drill. After that we put wooden beam to be processed onto the conveyor belt. The passage of the beam under the drum occurs automatically.
We repeat this action right amount times until our item arrives in desired shape and will not acquire the specified dimensions.
If the sides of the product have different size, the height of the drum must be adjusted for each change in parameters.
2 Types of machines
If we talk about grinding machines in general, their classification is based on two parameters: the scope and the functions performed.
According to the field of application, the machines are:
- circular grinding machines. Are intended for processing of the details having round section;
- surface grinding. Their task is to grind flat parts. The drum machine also belongs to this type;
- internal grinding. With the help of such mechanisms, the internal surfaces of the product are processed. Drills are often used for this purpose;
- specialized. Designed for processing complex surfaces - threads, grooves, teeth, etc.
Various machines can perform different functions:
- pruning and cleaning;
- sharpening;
- grinding.
2.1 We make a drum machine with our own hands
It is difficult to make a drum grinder for raw wood with your own hands, but it is quite possible.
To do this, we take a list necessary elements and looking for suitable material and spare parts.
And so, we need:
- Bed. For these purposes, any stable workbench or table is suitable, to which other elements of the machine can be screwed. It is better if the bed is metal. If you have to use wooden structure, it needs to be qualitatively strengthened with your own hands.
- Electric motor with a power of 200-300 watts. The speed should be 1500-2000 rpm. Better if it is single phase asynchronous motor. For these purposes, the mechanism from the old washing machine(in this case, we also take pulleys with a belt from it), drills, grinders, etc.
- Sanding drum for wood. This is perhaps most important and most hard part machine, on which the quality of the work performed will depend. We will talk later about how and from what to make a home-made grinding drum with our own hands.
- Drum stands. The device that fixes the drum and regulates its height can be made of wooden beams. The height adjustment mechanism can be made by hand in two versions. First option - through holes on the racks through which the drum will be attached. This option is simpler, but it only allows you to work with a fixed adjustment step of about 1 cm. The second option is long screws mounted perpendicular to the drum. In this case, by tightening the screws, we will be able to raise the grinding device, releasing - to lower it. In the second variant, height adjustment is possible with an accuracy of up to a millimeter.
We will not make a conveyor belt with our own hands. It's possible, but not necessary. Submission for homemade machines is usually done manually.
2.2 Making a drum
Before proceeding with the manufacture of the drum itself, you need to clearly understand what functions our machine will perform. The point is that what smaller size cylinder, the easier and faster it will be rotated by the engine from the drill.
To make a grinding drum, we need a piece of anything that has a cylindrical shape, the desired length and diameter. It can be a wooden beam with a round section, a PVC pipe, metal pipe and much more.
We will consider as a material pvc pipe for making a drum with your own hands.
- We take the segment of plastic pipe that is required in size. We will also need metal pin acting as an axis, wooden or plastic plugs that match in diameter with the inner diameter of the pipe, self-tapping screws, rubber, glue.
- We take the plugs and make holes in them that correspond in diameter to the thickness of the rod.
- Holes in the plugs must be exactly in the center. The slightest eccentricity of the drum will lead to incorrect operation of the machine.
- We tightly plant the plugs into the pipe and fix it with self-tapping screws.
- Insert the pin into the holes in the plugs. The axis should protrude from the cylinder by 2-3 cm on each side. It is she who will act as an attachment to the adjusting racks.
- We glue rubber on the drum. To her it will be easier to attach the sanding belt.
2.3 Assembling the machine
To assemble the machine you need:
- Install the racks on the frame.
- Attach the drum to them so that the height of its rise can be adjusted.
- Connect the motor to the drum using a belt or chain drive.
- You can get to work.
2.4 Homemade drum sander (video)
Various types of repair and construction works often associated with the processing of wood or metal.
1 What are calibrating and grinding machines for?
The disc calibrating grinding machine is usually used on final stages production of metal or wooden blanks.
The main purpose for which a home-made or factory calibrating-grinding machine is used is the final leveling of the surface and bringing its level of roughness to the desired state. Metal grinding machines are designed for:
- creating a flat and smooth surface;
- removal of local irregularities;
- removal of varnish deposits and primers;
- internal grinding.
Various types of presented units can work with different materials and their formats.
So home-made calibrating-grinding machines can be widely used in metalworking. These can be products made of alloyed steel or non-ferrous metals in the form of rounded, flat or quadrangular blanks.
In addition, manual disc homemade unit capable with minimal cost process round timber and pipes with a large diameter. With a focus on the types of processing, belt-type wood grinders are used for:
- work with curved surfaces;
- work with flat surfaces fixed on a fixed table;
- with blanks on mobile tables;
- processing bar and panel elements and their edge ribs;
- grinding work on paintwork.
2 How calibrating grinders work
A home-made disc handle unit consists of a small tabletop equipped with a work table on which a cutting tool is attached.
The table can be fixed in any position relative to the plane of the tabletop. Calibrating and grinding machines are equipped with a work table. It can be moved manually or by a mechanical drive.
The movement is carried out by means of a mechanical drive with round guides attached to the calipers. Above the table is a working tape, which is put on the drive and non-drive pulleys.
The self-made disk unit can be adjusted using a special screw device equipped with a pneumatic cylinder.
Homemade grinders can be equipped with two polishing tools. They are placed on the frame in sequential order. During operation, the tapes move towards each other.
The processing process itself is carried out in the process of transverse movement of the desktop and longitudinal displacement of the iron.
The iron helps to press the tape to the workpiece. The disk unit works in such a way that the movement of the tape is carried out by an electric motor.
The transmission of movement occurs with the help of a belt clutch. Production wastes enter the dust collector.
In the process of working with calibrating and grinding equipment, you can manually adjust the belt.
To do this, the tension roller moves to the right direction, instead of a roller, some grinders drive a pulley.
The drive axle of the pulley can slip in this case, the lunt is rotated with a special handle at a slight angle and fixed with a locking device.
During operation, the product moves smoothly relative to the cutting edge in the longitudinal direction and, if necessary, rotates along the axis.
A do-it-yourself calibrating-grinding machine made at home can process certain areas in two approaches. High-quality processing is achieved for a set of correct pressure adjustment using the ironing handle.
3 Operation of the calibrating grinding machine (video)
3.1 Design features of the grinding machine
Any calibration unit as a working body uses an abrasive-type tape as the main working body.
In most devices, it is rolled up in an annular form and is attached between rotating shafts.
One shaft is driven, and the other is driving. The driving drum is equipped with a mechanical transmission.
It is based on a belt type transmission, with which the torque is transmitted from an electric motor.
The abrasive belt can be placed both vertically and in horizontal position.
There are also such modifications of the units in which the working body can be installed at any angle.
The abrasive tape is located on the frame. The workpiece is also placed on the bed.
The table of the unit is made of metal sheets or thick boards. The length of the working part directly depends on the characteristics of the tape and the dimensions of the products.
If the length of the workpiece is less than the working surface of the device, then the work process will be greatly facilitated.
So, for example, with a length sanding cloth at 4 m., it is possible to work with workpieces reaching a length of 2 m without much difficulty.
The main element (web) is made using paper base and grains of abrasive type, which are attached to it with the help of adhesive composition. Abrasive cloths are made mechanically or electrically.
When mechanically created, abrasive grains are evenly scattered on the canvas, and when electrically created, a field is applied that places the grains with sharp edges upwards in order to improve cutting qualities.
Experts recommend using an abrasive cloth with a rare backfill. On such a belt, the grains are dispersed over 70% of the working surface. On such a tape, wood dust practically does not linger, which significantly improves the quality of the finish.
3.2 We make a calibrating grinding machine with our own hands
The presented equipment is a design similar to a conventional workbench. In order to give the unit additional stability, it is recommended to place the legs at angles.
For the movement of the unit, it is best to use an electric motor with a power rating of 1500-3000 rpm.
Using a flange type motor, you can easily attach a rectangular plywood sheet to it.
This will allow the workpiece to be fixed perpendicularly for processing. The working surface is assembled from longitudinal bars, on the inner surface of which there is a frame equipped with transverse spars.
When assembling, take into account the width of the frame and its correspondence to the chipboard sheet fixed on the gearbox.
In the side of the frame, you need to make a hole for the spring. This will create a reverse connection of the earring and the eccentric using a return type spring.
An eccentric with a pin is located on the side of the unit. A return spiral is attached to it, providing the necessary degree of tape tension. It will stretch when you press the eccentric handle.
The sanding cloth must be put on two drums, on the outer surface of which plywood sheets are glued. Before this, it is necessary to bore the diameter. This will put the spindle on the cylinder.
To create the boundaries of the cylinder, it is necessary to put washers on the spindle, the diameter of which must be greater than the diameter of the drum shoes. To improve the quality of processing on the horizontal surface of the unit, you need to attach a special stop from the board.
It should be placed between two shafts. The working surface is best covered with an impromptu platform made of plywood. The shape of the site can be figured and follow the contours of the unit.
The desktop is fixed with self-tapping screws. In addition, an extension table must be mounted near the leading block.
It will help to easily carry out work on grinding the inner radii of workpieces. For the most efficient use of the full-width tape, it is recommended to use a special inclined plane.
It can be attached to the desktop with a hairpin on one side and a clamping lamb on the other.
Modern grinding machines are equipped with powerful engines and are able to perform many tasks. In particular, they are able to process wooden items various shapes. Many modifications are used for cleaning rounded surfaces. Models with horizontal guides are often used to work with pointed ends.
For processing metal objects powerful devices are required that have tight belts. It is quite difficult to make a machine with your own hands. However, it should be borne in mind that there are various modifications that do not apply to complex devices.
Models for woodwork
You can make simple woodwork with your own hands even without the use of an electric motor. AT this case it is more expedient to consider drum modifications. First of all, a frame is installed for the stability of the structure. Next, guides are fixed on it. They are necessary to secure the workpiece. A shaft with a flywheel should be attached to the drum. Due to this, it will be possible to rotate the structure. In this situation, the drum should be selected with a small diameter.
Metal working devices
In order to make a metal grinder with your own hands, it is more expedient to select an electric motor with a power of at least 5 kW and a frequency of 55 Hz. Before starting work, it is important to take all measurements. In this case, much depends on the size of the metal blanks to be processed. After installing the bed, the guides are immediately fixed. In this situation, the beam is mounted on the frame.
To adjust the position of the block, a lever with a return spring is used. The drive shaft of the model must be at least 5.5 cm in diameter. The emery cloth should be selected wide. Handwheels are used to adjust the guides. If we consider tape modifications, then rollers will be additionally required for the machine. They must be attached above the frame.
Drum modifications
You can make a drum-grinding machine with your own hands of a manual or electronic type. If we consider the second option, then we should first of all make a frame from steel sheets. Next, a frame is laid on which the guides will be located. The next step is to take care of the electric motor. It must be located at the bottom of the bed.
Directly the tape position mechanism can be located in the side of the machine. Due to this, the working area of \u200b\u200bthe tool is significantly expanded. The casing in this case can be used plywood type. For greater stability of the machine, you will need to install legs. The carrier plate in the modification must be with a shield. After fixing it, it remains only to install the flywheel that regulates the position of the guides.
Spindle machine models
You can assemble a spindle grinder with your own hands only using electric motors. Quite often, experts recommend choosing models for 5 kW. The main element of the machine is considered to be the spindle mechanism. It must be installed on the bed. Directly guides are fixed in a horizontal position.
After fixing the block, fix the longitudinal plate. Workpieces will be laid on it. Screws are used to fix the stand. The rollers in the design must be located on both sides of the spindle mechanism. The bearing plate in the structure must withstand heavy loads. Pulleys are used to increase the torque. In this case, the position of the guides is adjusted using flywheels.
Model with cam rest
You can make a tape with your own hands with a cam lunette quite quickly. Manual modifications are very rare. In this case, the motor should be selected with a power of 5 kW and a frequency of at least 55 Hz. The grinding type drum must be installed on the working platform. Fixing it occurs on the bed. To adjust the position of the guides, flywheels are used as standard.
The tape in this case is selected small size. To protect the electric motor, many experts recommend using a casing. In order to fix the workpiece, a powerful support is needed. The lunette itself plays the role of a feeding device. It should be fixed next to the drive shaft. Different control units are installed on the devices. In this case, many experts advise choosing high-quality CNCs that are able to regulate engine speed.
Devices with horizontal rails
Assembling a grinder with horizontal guides with your own hands is a very difficult task. In this case, a wide frame is required. In this case, the block must withstand heavy loads. Legs are used directly to fix the working platform. The rails of the model must be above the bottom frame. The tape position mechanism is fixed near the electric motor. Gearboxes are also often used in these devices. In order to install the side plates, you will need a welding machine.
Models with vertical rails
You can make a grinder with vertical guides with your own hands using welding inverter. In this case, the tape must be fixed on the drum. Directly, the electric motor for the configuration is selected with a power of about 7 kW and a frequency of 55 Hz. The beam of the model must be rigidly fixed at the base of the machine.
The pulley for her is selected with a head. A small plate is required to stop the workpiece. A place for the roller mechanism should be provided next to the guides. All this will allow you to easily change the position of the workpiece on the desktop.
Longitudinal rest machines
Do-it-yourself grinding machine with a longitudinal lunette can be mounted in different ways. Electric motors are most often selected with low power. The flywheels in this case are fixed at the base of the frame. Bearings are used to adjust the pulley. The plate will be required for a machine with a steel stop. The carrier plate of the model is used with a small thickness. The gearbox is most often used rack type. To adjust the position of the guides, you need a lever. Directly the steady rest is installed on the edge support beam. You can use screws to fix it.
Version with rolling bearings
With the help of rolling supports, you can also make a grinding machine with your own hands. The advantage of these configurations is their versatility. In this case, blanks can be processed under different angles. The assembly of the machine should begin with the installation of the bed. For the working platform are used steel sheets. It is more expedient to solder guides in a horizontal position.
Flywheels for them are installed last. The drive shaft in the structure must be under the frame. The belt positioning mechanism is installed near the electric motor. For safe use guards are used. After fixing the flywheels, it remains only to fix the casing to protect the mechanism from dust.
Devices with sliding supports
With sliding supports, making a machine is quite simple. In this case, the guides can be installed in a horizontal position. The working platform for these configurations is mainly made of a small width. Directly the supports of the machines must be located on the edge of the upper beam. However, first of all, you should make a frame for the tool. For this, they select metal profiles. You can also use pipes quite successfully. The top beam is attached to the frame.
Electric motors are used with a power of about 7 kW and a frequency of 50 Hz. Corners are used to adjust the position of the pulley. The guides of the model must be fixed on the plate. Ball bearings are used for free rotation of the bearings. The tape position mechanism is fixed near the electric motor. If we consider classic model, then the drive shaft is installed under the guides. Thus, the maximum rotation of the spindle is achieved. Guards are used to protect the operator during work. It is also possible to install a hand rest on the edge of the working platform.
Model for 5 kW
At 5 kW, how to make a grinding machine with your own hands? Such devices are most often made with a spindle mechanism. The upper beam of the models can be located on the bed. Pulleys are most often used guide type. The belt positioner must be installed close to the motor. The modifications differ in the type of upper blocks.
Homemade grinding drum on a drill.
When sanding wooden products it is necessary to process not only rectilinear planes, but also figured edges. For this, a grinding drum is an indispensable tool. You can buy such a drum, or make it yourself. And for work, use a hand drill or a stationary drilling machine.
Curly edges of carpentry parts can be processed in another way, manual router with a copy cutter according to the template. This gives a gain in time and quality, but only when processing a large number details. If your products are single, then there is no point in making them for each template. Moreover, to make a template, you will again need a grinding drum; you cannot make an accurate template without it.
As I said, the grinding drum can be bought, they are sold different diameter and quality. But working with such a device simply by holding the drill on the weight is not very comfortable, and most importantly, you cannot get accurate and high-quality processing.
One of the adaptation options may be the manufacture of a small table for a drill. The drill itself is attached to the desktop vertically. More from hand drill can do .
The table can be assembled from scraps of MDF, thick plywood or chipboard (laminate). All parts are fastened together with self-tapping screws. The product is assembled in the form of a box with a table top. A hole is drilled in the top cover according to the diameter of the drum. The bottom edge of the skin should be below the countertop line. You can also make plywood.
You can easily attach legs to this frame, then you will get it separately standing tool. In the version that you see in the photo, the box is attached to the desktop.
Almost any drill will do, but for serious work it is advisable to use a more powerful one. The drill is attached to the tsarga of the desktop with clamps. I already wrote on the site about horizontal installation drills, in the article.
Homemade grinding drum.
You can not only buy a drum, but also make it yourself. It's actually not that hard if you have a wood lathe. You can also process the drum on a drilling machine, only it will be more difficult.
I use a metal drum for work, the skin in it is fastened with a metal pin with a slot. The drum is installed on a stationary milling machine. You can carve such a part on special equipment, see the article. But such a detail can be made by simpler means.
To assemble the fixture, we need a vertical axis, for this a bolt or stud with a diameter of 10/12 mm is suitable. and 100-150 mm long. . We put pieces of plywood on this axis, previously sawn with a jigsaw with a small margin in diameter. In the center of all parts, we drill a hole according to the diameter of the bolt. Lubricate the plywood fragments with glue and tighten the nut. Then it is desirable to turn the drum on lathe on wood, so you get a more accurate and even surface.
Another build option homemade drum. Only two pieces of plywood are placed on the axis, the top and bottom, and a piece of hard foam is clamped between them. Simple packaging foam will not work, it is too loose. The product in the photo is assembled exactly like this.
How to stick a skin.
The stores sell sandpaper with a self-adhesive inner surface, this is the most convenient option. If there is no such skin, then you can glue the usual one. You need to glue with an overlap, but at the same time you can’t join to the abrasive, you will get a bump that will hit the part. For the correct sticker, it is necessary to mark the overlap at the lower end of the skin, soak in a solvent and clean off the abrasive.
Do not forget that sandpaper is consumable, and sooner or later it will have to be torn off and a new one stuck on. To make this process easier, without damaging the drum itself, you first need to stick thick paper and already a skin on it. I've tried stapling the skin, but it's not very good. Staples are quickly erased, and besides, they scratch the workpiece. All the same the best option, this is the use of self-adhesive skins.
The diameter of the drum can be different, it depends on what parts you are going to process. But just remember what smaller diameter the faster the skin will rub off. Most suitable option diameter from 60 mm. up to 100 mm. . Most often, the drum is used to process parts up to 50 mm thick. , so the working height of the drum can be 70-120 mm. .
Every do-it-yourselfer who works with wood to some extent probably has a separate tool dedicated to sanding, whether on grinder or manually, but sometimes it happens that the workpiece has round shape Or you need to grind it inside. In this article I will tell you how the author made grinding drums with his own hands, with the help of which Finishing work will not be a burden.
To make this homemade we need materials such as:
* Wooden planks, their thickness may vary, for an average drum it is 15-20mm.
*Steel rod or ready-made bolt.
* Washers and nuts.
*Sandpaper.
* Joiner's and PVA glue.
* Crowns or so-called annular drills.
* Rubber bands for banknotes.
First step. In order to get started, we need to determine the dimensions of the drum, after the dimensions are selected, we select the crown for the same size. With a crown installed in a drilling machine, we drill 5 round blanks, you can change this amount depending on the desired height and the thickness of the blanks themselves.
Second step. Armed with PVA glue, glue the adjacent surfaces of the finished round blanks and clamp them to each other with a vise, observe the gluing accuracy so that one bar does not go beyond the edges of the other. At this stage, the strength properties of PVA glue will be enough.
Wait for it to dry completely, then fix the bolt in the middle in drilled hole and tighten on both sides with nuts, having previously thrown a washer on both sides.
Third step. This step requires a grinder or sandpaper, with the first method it will be easier and faster. We clamp the bolt with the finished drum into the cordless drill and grind it with coarse sandpaper, gradually moving to a finer grit, thereby giving smooth surface our drum.
Fourth step. The final assembly stage includes cleaning the drums from the dust that was formed in the previous stage, as well as covering the surface with wood glue for gluing the grinding element. With ordinary scissors, cut out a piece of sandpaper pre-marked to size and glue it butt-to-butt on the adhesive surface of the drum, and so that it does not stick out during the drying of the glue, fix it for a while with rubber bands for banknotes.
After. as the glue dries completely, you can use the homemade product for its intended purpose, try the drums in action.
Thank you all and good luck in inventions and devices with your own hands.
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