The Ministry of Emergency Situations warns - be careful with household gas, follow all the requirements for the safe operation of gas appliances. In order to avoid accidents during the operation of gas appliances, experts recommend observing the following rules and recommendations:
Gas cylinders and gas equipment should be purchased only from specialized organizations that have certificates for the sale of these products. After all, their owners are responsible for the safe operation of working gas appliances and their maintenance in proper condition. Never buy gas appliances, including gas cylinders, from unauthorized persons.
An annual inspection of gas equipment by specialists is mandatory.
Before opening the gas valve on the stove, bring a lit match to the burner.
Remember that gas mixed with air is explosive and flammable!
Sources of ignition of the mixture can be: open fire (matches, cigarettes, etc.), an electric spark that occurs when turning on and off electrical appliances. In order to avoid poisoning, it is necessary to check the draft before ignition, immediately after switching on gas appliances and during their operation, monitor the condition of the ventilation ducts, constantly ventilate the room, especially before going to bed.
It is advisable to place gas cylinders (working and spare) for household gas appliances outside buildings (in annexes, basement and basement floors, cabinets or under casings that cover the upper part of the cylinders or a gearbox) at a blank wall at a distance not closer than 5 m from the entrances to the building. Outbuildings must be made of non-combustible materials.
Outbuildings and cabinets for gas cylinders must be locked to prevent access to them by children and unauthorized persons and have blinds for ventilation.
When using gas at home, it is prohibited:
Tie ropes to gas pipelines (this violates the density of threaded connections, gas leakage may occur and, as a result, an explosion); dry clothes and hair over a lit stove;
arbitrarily reinstall and repair gas appliances, cylinders, fittings; leave unattended working gas appliances;
allow children of preschool age and persons who do not know the rules for their safe use to use gas appliances;
use open fire to detect gas leaks (only soap emulsion should be used for this);
install a pressure regulator without an o-ring or gasket;
bend and twist the rubber-fabric sleeve (hose), allow damage to the outer layer of the sleeve (cuts, cracks, kinks), as gas leaks occur in these places; place flammable materials and liquids near the operating stove; use rooms where gas appliances are installed for sleeping and relaxing; use gas and gas stoves for space heating;
attach parts of gas fittings using a sparking tool; store spare cylinders.
In the event of a leak from an underground gas pipeline, gas can enter the basement of a residential building through loose soil or cracks in the foundation. Having discovered the smell of gas, it is necessary to protect the entrance to the basement, make sure that they do not smoke or light a fire nearby, ensure ventilation of the basement, entrance and call the emergency service.
In the event of a malfunction of the gas equipment or if there is a smell of gas, you should immediately stop using the device, turn off the taps on the stove and the valve on the cylinder or the flag on the reducer, call the emergency service by calling “04” and thoroughly ventilate the room. During this time, do not use open fire, do not turn on or off electrical appliances and electric lighting.
The Supervisory Department of the Leningradsky District reminds the population of fire safety measures when using gas equipment.
75% of fires from the total number of fires occurring in the area occur in residential buildings. Fires destroy household property, cause material damage to the state and owners. People are dying.
Remember that you are responsible for the health of the gas equipment inside the apartment. When selling any gas appliance must be supplied with an instruction manual. The person who installs the machine must issue you a document certifying that the work has been carried out in accordance with technical standards and safety rules. Flexible hoses should be as short as possible (no more than 2m). Make sure they are tight on the faucet. The maximum service life of the flexible hose is four years (the limit may be marked on the hose), but care must be taken to replace it every two years. The hose clamp should provide a complete seal, but do not try to clamp it too tightly as this may rupture the hose and cause a gas leak. Do not forget that the gas used in everyday life is explosive, therefore, when using gas appliances, you must follow the fire safety rules!
Gas Leak Detection Methods
Approximately. Bubbles form on the surface of soapy water poured along gas pipes at leak points.
Aurally. In the event of a strong leak, the gas escapes with a whistle.
By smell. The characteristic odor that the gas emits becomes stronger near the leak. Never look for a gas leak with an open flame, such as a lit match. Try to cut off the gas supply if possible. Be sure to call the fire department.
When using gas appliances in the home, the following safety precautions should be followed:
Constantly check the draft, keep the windows in the rooms where gas appliances are installed open. The burning gas burns oxygen; therefore, it is necessary that the room be provided with constant ventilation. Do not plug the ventilation openings in winter.
Do not leave working gas appliances unattended unless they have the appropriate automation and are not designed for continuous operation.
Do not use gas stoves for heating, and rooms where gas appliances are installed for sleeping and relaxing.
At the end of the use of gas, close the taps on gas appliances, the valves in front of them, and when using cylinders, the valves of the cylinders;
Regularly check the tightness of hoses and threaded connections on pipes with soap suds;
Keep your gas stove clean;
when leaving the apartment, turn off the gas on the gas pipeline or tighten the valve on the gas cylinder.
Remember, gas leaks usually occur as a result of a breakdown of the hose connecting the gas pipeline to the stove, depressurization of threaded connections, forgetfulness of people leaving valves open, pranks of children, pouring water over the edge of the dishes into the flame.
What to do in case of a gas leak
Avoid any activities that cause sparks and increase the temperature of the air in the room. Do not touch the electrical switches - this can also cause a spark. Provide intensive ventilation of the room by opening all windows. Remove everyone present. Stop, if possible, the gas supply. Call the master.
Gas caught fire at the leak: as long as the gas burns, there is no danger of an explosion. Never blow out the flame, as this can lead to a catastrophe gas and air form an explosive mixture, and in the presence of an ignition source (overheated metal, burning coals, sparks, electric arc, etc.), an explosion is inevitable. Make sure that objects located near the fire do not catch fire. Leakage from compressed gas cylinder.
As a rule, the leak occurs at the junction of the cylinder with the flexible hose. With such damage, it is prayed to temporarily cover this place with a wet rag. If you can, take the balloon outside. If this is not possible for you, ventilate the room well. Avoid any activity that causes an increase in air temperature. Return the cylinder to the supplier immediately. One of the reasons for the prerequisites for a fire is a violation of safety rules when using a gas stove and risers on the first floors. So, one of the family members turns on the gas stove, puts containers for cooking or heating food on it and is distracted for a long time by other things, forgetting that hot cooking utensils, burnt food, rapidly boiling water can create a fire hazard in apartment. To avoid fire when using gas appliances, we strongly recommend that you remember and follow the rules proven in practice:
Particular attention should be paid to the use of gas risers on the ground floors in the summer: negligent tenants, due to inexperience or deliberately, during their absence from the apartment, close the gas valves on the gas parking on the first floor, which is very dangerous, because thereby the entire gas system in the house is blocked, which fraught with the most serious consequences up to a fire and death of people.
In case of danger, if residents are absent for a long time, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Emergency Situations will be involved to open the apartments.
Fire on a compressed gas cylinder. Try to turn off the faucet by wrapping your hands in a wet rag. If this is not possible (fire on the gasket, the faucet has deformed due to heat), do not blow out the flame, as this may lead to an explosion. Call the fire brigade immediately and try to protect objects located near the fire from ignition. Never move a compressed gas cylinder until it has cooled down: the slightest push can cause it to explode.
IT IS FORBIDDEN:
Allow preschool children, persons who do not control their actions and do not know the rules for using these devices to use gas appliances.
Store empty and filled with liquefied gases cylinders in rooms and basements. Have in a gasified room more than one cylinder with a capacity of 50 (55) l or two cylinders of 27 l (one of them is a spare).
Place cylinders against the furnace doors of furnaces at a distance of less than 2 m from them. Use gas: in case of malfunction of gas appliances, lack of draft, detection of gas leakage, without checking the condition of smoke and ventilation ducts.
Any unauthorized actions with gas equipment, gasification without appropriate permits, and the involvement of random persons for the repair and rearrangement of gas appliances are prohibited. All types of work related to gas should be carried out only by specialized organizations.
THE POPULATION USING GAS IN THE HOUSEHOLD IS OBLIGED:
Be instructed in the safe use of gas in the operating organization of the gas facilities, have and follow the instructions for operating the devices.
Monitor the normal operation of gas appliances, chimneys and ventilation, check the draft before switching on and during operation of gas appliances with the removal of combustion products into the chimney. Before using a gasified oven, check that the damper is fully open. Periodically clean the “pocket” of the chimney.
At the end of using gas, close the taps on gas appliances and in front of them, and when placing cylinders inside the kitchens, additionally close the valves near the cylinders. In the event of a malfunction of the gas equipment, call the employees of the gas facilities. In the event of a sudden interruption in the gas supply, immediately close the valves of the burners of gas appliances and inform the gas service by calling 04
Before entering basements and cellars, before turning on the light and lighting the fire, make sure that there is no smell of gas.
If you smell gas, in the basement, porch, in the yard, on the street: inform others about the precautions; report to the gas service by phone 04 from a non-gassed place; take measures to remove people from the gassed environment, prevent switching on and off of electric lighting, the appearance of open fire and sparks; prior to the arrival of the emergency brigade, organize ventilation of the room. Be careful with gas! Your forgetfulness, inattention can cause trouble to you, your loved ones and neighbors. Only skillful handling of gas appliances and knowledge of the rules for using gas will help you avoid accidents.
Press Service of the Office for the Southern Administrative District
Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for Moscow
- Before using the stove, it is necessary to ventilate the room (1) and make sure that all valves in front of the worktop burners and the oven burner are closed (2), and only in this case should the valve on the gas pipeline to the stove (3) be fully opened.
- It is forbidden to leave in the open position the valve of the burner being turned on without a flame for more than 5 seconds.
- A normal flame should not be knocked out from under the dishes. If the flame is knocked out from under the dishes, it should be reduced by the burner tap. Cookware with a wide bottom should be placed on special burner rings with high ribs to avoid poisoning by products of incomplete combustion of gas. It is not recommended to put dishes with a wide bottom on the burner of the stove.
- At the end of using the stove, you need to turn off all the taps on the desktop.
- Before lighting the oven burner, the oven must be ventilated for 3-5 minutes.
- The stove must be kept clean and free from contamination.
- To check the draft in the smoke channels of boilers, attach a thin sheet of paper to the viewing window of the boiler or column. If the paper is attracted, there is a pull.
What you need to know about carbon monoxide
- Carbon monoxide is produced when using any gas equipment.
- Carbon monoxide is invisible and odorless. It's impossible to feel it.
- Three breaths of carbon monoxide is enough for an adult to get fatal poisoning, and its concentration in the air in an amount of more than 0.1% leads to death within an hour.
When using gas at home, you must:
- Conclude an agreement on the maintenance of gas equipment, be instructed on the safe use of gas, have a document for gas equipment.
- Monitor the normal operation of gas appliances, smoke and ventilation ducts, check the draft before switching on and during operation of gas appliances with the removal of gas combustion products into the chimney. Periodically clean the “pocket” of the chimney.
- At the end of using gas, close the taps on gas appliances, and when placing cylinders inside the kitchens, additionally close the valves at the cylinders.
- In the event of an upcoming absence from the apartment for more than a day, close the taps on the gas pipeline in front of the gas equipment, except for gas equipment designed for continuous operation and equipped with safety automatics, which must be turned off if absent from the apartment for two or more days.
- In the event of a sudden interruption in the gas supply, immediately close the valves of the burners of gas appliances and inform the emergency gas service.
- In the event of a malfunction of gas equipment, call the employees of a specialized organization with which an agreement has been concluded on the maintenance of gas equipment.
- If there is a smell of gas in the apartment, immediately stop using gas appliances, turn off the taps to and on the appliances, open windows or vents to ventilate the room, call the emergency gas service by phone 04 (outside the gassed room)! Do not light a fire, do not smoke, do not turn on or off electric lighting and electrical appliances, do not use an electric bell.
- Before entering basements and cellars, before turning on the lighting or lighting the fire, make sure that there is no smell of gas there.
- Use gas economically, pay its cost in a timely manner, as well as the cost of maintenance of gas equipment.
- Owners (users) of houses and apartments must ensure proper maintenance and timely replacement of gas equipment.
- House owners must check the condition of smoke and ventilation ducts at least 3 times a year (no later than 7 days before the start of the heating season, in the middle of the heating season and no later than 7 days after the end of the heating season).
- In winter, it is necessary to periodically check the chimney caps in order to prevent their freezing and blockage.
- Provide access for representatives of a specialized organization, a gas supplier to gas equipment to carry out maintenance work and suspend gas supply in cases provided for by law.
- To inspect and maintain gas pipelines and gas equipment, allow employees of a specialized organization with which an agreement has been concluded on the maintenance of gas equipment to enter the apartment upon presentation of their service certificates.
When using gas in everyday life, it is prohibited:
- Carry out unauthorized gasification of a house or apartment, rearrangement, replacement and repair of gas appliances, cylinders and valves.
- Carry out redevelopment of the premises where gas appliances are installed, change the area of \u200b\u200bheated premises without agreement with the local government.
- Make changes to the design of gas appliances. Change the arrangement of smoke and ventilation ducts; seal ventilation ducts, wall up and seal "pockets" and hatches intended for cleaning chimneys.
- Disable safety and regulation automation. Use gas with faulty gas appliances, safety automation, shut-off devices (taps) and gas cylinders, especially if a gas leak is detected.
- Use gas in violation of the integrity and density of masonry, plaster (if cracks appear) of gasified stoves and their chimneys.
- Install and use the valve (gate) on the smoke channel, chimney, chimney. If there is a valve (gate) in the design of the furnace, ensure its extraction and sealing from the outer side of the wall of the smoke channel of the resulting hole (slot).
- Use, install gasified stoves in the premises of apartment buildings.
- Use gas appliances in the absence of draft in the smoke and ventilation ducts, closed windows (transoms), the closed position of the louvre on the ventilation duct. At the same time, in the lower part of the door or wall leading to an adjacent room, it is necessary to provide a grate or a gap between the door and the floor, as well as special supply devices in the outer walls or windows.
- Use forced ventilation devices (hood, fan) when gas boilers or water heaters are running.
- Leave running gas appliances unattended (except for appliances designed for continuous operation and having appropriate safety automatics for this).
- Allow preschool children, persons who do not control their actions and do not know the rules for using these devices to use gas appliances.
- Use gas and gas appliances for other purposes. Use gas stoves for space heating.
- Use rooms where gas appliances are installed for sleep and rest.
- Dry laundry over or near a gas stove.
- Check the operation of ventilation ducts, tightness of gas equipment connections using open flame sources, including matches, lighters, candles and others.
- Store empty and filled cylinders with liquefied gas in rooms and cellars. Arbitrarily, without special instruction, replace empty cylinders with gas-filled ones and connect them.
- Have in a gasified room more than one cylinder with a capacity of more than 5 liters, not connected to a gas stove.
- Place cylinders at a distance of less than 0.5 m from a gas stove, 1 m to heating appliances, 2 m to stove burners, less than 1 m from an electric meter, switches and other electrical appliances and equipment.
- Expose LPG cylinders to the sun and heat.
- Allow damage to gas equipment and theft of gas.
- Twist, kink, kink, stretch or pinch the gas hoses connecting the gas equipment to the gas pipeline.
If you smell gas, do not:
| light a fire | smoke | use the elevator |
The majority of the population of our country actively uses household gas, since it is carried out not only in apartments, but also in private houses. Often emergencies occur, especially when safety precautions are not observed. Rules for the use of gas in everyday life will prevent various unpleasant situations. You just need to always use them.
Gas supply of houses
The use of gas for heating / heating water is possible due to the low price of the fossil. After performing the primary processing, it is cleaned of impurities and additives. Since the gas pipeline network is developed, fuel can be obtained anywhere. Gas is used for:
- cooking;
- water heating;
- space heating.
To cook food, gas stoves are used, which are conveniently connected and work smoothly. If the house does not have hot water, then you can create a heating system. In the absence of central heating in the house, gas can be equipped. Installing the boiler, you can independently regulate the temperature in the house. For whatever purpose the equipment is used, it requires proper operation and regular checks.
Responsibilities of the population
Each person must comply with the rules for the use of gas in everyday life. The Russian Federation regulates this area with the help of laws. The population must know the rules for the use of gas. Supervisory authorities should issue instructions with recommendations for the operation of devices.
It is important to constantly monitor the operation of gas equipment, chimneys, ventilation. Before turning on the gasified furnace, you must make sure that the gate is open. Regular cleaning of the "pocket" of the chimney is required. After using the equipment, close the taps of the devices, and when installing the cylinders, close the valves.
If there is no gas supply, then you need to turn off the burners, and then report this to the emergency service. In case of a malfunction of the equipment, it is necessary to call specialists. If there is a smell of gas, then you need to turn off the device and ventilate the room. The emergency service is called by telephone 04.
Required Rules
Safety in the house is provided by the rules for using gas in everyday life. 86-P (the law that came into force on April 26, 1990) contains the basic rules that allow you to correctly operate the equipment. Inspection and repair of gas pipelines, according to this document, should be performed only by specialists who have presented a certificate. When the installation of cylinders takes place, the room must be vacated. The fire should only be lit if there is no smell of gas.
It is the responsibility of tenants to pay for services on time, the cost of which is set by the provider. In winter, the heads should be checked regularly to ensure they are not frozen or clogged. These elementary rules for using gas in everyday life will prevent many adverse situations.
What is prohibited?
The current rules for the use of household gas state the need for measures that are necessary for the proper operation of the equipment. At the same time, there are actions prohibited for users:
- independent gasification, rearrangement, repair of equipment;
- redevelopment in a room where gas appliances are present, as well as a change in the area of \u200b\u200brooms without the consent of the relevant authorities;
- making adjustments to the design of equipment, smoke systems, channels;
- shutdown of safety and regulation automation, as well as operation of faulty devices;
- use of gas in the presence of violations in the density of masonry, plastering of stoves and chimneys.
What else can gas users not do on their own?
The rules for the safe use of gas in everyday life require regular checks and cleaning of the chimney and ventilation. Without this, the use of the equipment is prohibited. Devices can not be used in rooms where windows, blinds, faulty ventilation are closed.
Switched on equipment should not be left unattended. Children should not use it on their own, this should be done by adults. Devices must be used strictly for their intended purpose. Do not dry laundry above the equipment. No need to open fire to detect leaks. The devices must not be damaged.
All these and other norms include rules for the use of gas in everyday life. 86-P of 04/26/1990 (order of the VO "Rosstroygazifikatsiya" under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR) allows you to determine the actions in certain cases. Administrative liability is provided for violation of the rules. Instruction on the rules for using gas in everyday life is carried out by service specialists. Residents are usually given instructions.
Rules for the operation of gas appliances
The rules for the safe use of gas in everyday life are extremely simple. Before turning on the stove, the room must be ventilated. The taps of the equipment must be closed, only then can the device be turned on.
It is necessary to light a match, bring it to the burner, open the switch. The gas should ignite throughout the burner. The flame is usually calm, bluish. If burner rings are used, they should be installed with the ribs facing up. No need to turn on a strong fire. If the cookware has a wide bottom, burner rings with high ribs are used.
After boiling the contents of the container, the flame must be reduced. After cooking, you need to carefully turn off the gas. Before using the oven, it must first be opened for a while. The stove must be clean, otherwise, if the gas is not completely burned, carbon monoxide is formed.
A responsibility
Violation of the rules for the use of gas in everyday life is punished. This was established by the State Duma with the help of a bill. Failure to comply with the rules entails administrative liability. The following actions are recognized as violations:
- non-compliance with safety requirements;
- improper use of gas, as well as inaction in case of equipment breakdown;
- use of equipment without a service contract;
- repair of the device by a non-specialist;
- operation of the equipment when the period of its operation has passed;
- use of a device recognized as unrepairable;
- gas supply after the expiration of the instrument's service life.
Fines are provided for such acts: for citizens 500-3000 rubles, for officials - 2.5-5 thousand rubles, and for legal entities - 5-30 thousand rubles. Based on the violation, an employee of the State Housing Inspectorate draws up a protocol.
What to do in case of a gas leak?
The gas remains hazardous to human life and health. It not only poisons, but also explodes. Pure propane is odorless and will therefore require a special fragrance to recognize it. It is necessary to carefully handle the cylinders, the stove.
Even if a leak has been detected, you must not:
- repair equipment yourself;
- tie ropes to pipes and do not use them for grounding;
- devices must not be left unattended.
If a strong smell of gas is felt in the room, it is urgent to shut off its supply, and then ventilate the room. The emergency service should be called. No need to light a fire or use other appliances.
Checking gas equipment
Gas appliances are considered dangerous, so they need to be checked regularly. Only a specialist performs this work. Warranty service allows you to detect equipment malfunctions in time.
Gas appliances in multi-storey buildings are of 2 types:
- intra-house: taps and risers at the entrance;
- intra-apartment: equipment in a residential area.
By law, the homeowner is responsible for the performance of gas appliances. Inspection should be carried out regularly by specialized companies. This work is carried out on the basis of the concluded contract.
Responsibility for the quality of equipment operation is assigned to the management companies. Instrumentation must be checked every year. The contract for the implementation of such services is drawn up in writing. Regulatory authorities issue rules for the use of gas in everyday life.
Verification Features
Maintenance involves performing a routine check of equipment for suitability. In-house appliances are risers, taps and other elements of the system located at the entrances. Maintenance is performed by the managing organization.
In-house equipment includes the property that is located in a residential area. It can be heating boilers, water heaters, stoves, pipes. The maintenance contract is drawn up by the owner of the apartment.
The document is a guarantee of safety, as well as the performance of the necessary work to check and repair equipment. An agreement is concluded with companies that are subject to the following requirements:
- the firm performs works on transportation and distribution of gas;
- has an agreement with the supplier;
- the company is being certified;
- has an emergency dispatch service.
The presence of a maintenance document is necessary for its owner. This means that the initiator of the inspection can be both the owner of the premises and the managing organization. The implementation of these simple rules prolongs the life of the equipment.
Safe handling of electricity
In the house, electricity provides lighting, heating, cooking, the operation of various household appliances, television, radio equipment. At the same time, electricity, under certain conditions, poses a serious danger to human life and health.
To avoid this, it is necessary to follow a number of generally accepted rules when using electricity:
Make sure that electrical appliances and the cords with which they are connected to the network are in good condition.
Do not use faulty electrical appliances, home-made electric furnaces, heaters.
Do not repair appliance plugs with electrical tape. Replace them if they are broken.
Never leave a switched on electrical appliance unattended.
Do not plug more than one plug into an outlet.
Follow the order of connecting the device to the mains: first, the cord is connected to the device, then to the mains, the disconnection is performed in the reverse order.
Do not handle the electrical appliance with wet hands.
Do not keep appliances connected to the mains in the bathroom; remember:
Do not use electrical devices while in water.
Repair any bare spots and breaks in electrical wires immediately.
Do not make temporary wire connections.
Safe handling of city gas
Currently, household gas is very widely used in everyday life. Household gas has neither color nor smell, but in order to be able to detect its leakage, special
substances that have a specific odor.
A gas leak can lead to poisoning of a person and an explosion of the room. To prevent this, you must follow a number of safety rules when using household gas:
To light a gas burner, first bring a lit match, and then slowly and carefully open the gas cock.
Do not leave gas burners on unattended.
Make sure that the liquid being heated does not flood the burner flame.
Having noticed an extinguished burner, do not try to light it again - this can lead to an explosion, turn off the gas supply valve, open the window and ventilate the kitchen.
Wait until the burner has cooled down, clean it, purge the gas supply holes and only then light it again.
If there is a smell of gas in the room, do not light matches, turn on lights and electrical appliances until the gas leak is eliminated and the room is completely ventilated.
Having found the smell of gas in the entrance of the house, immediately call the emergency gas service by telephone "04", provide the exact address.
Announce the danger to all residents of the house, do not use open fire and electric bells.
Open the windows and doors in the entrance, carefully ventilate it. Upon arrival of the gas service specialists, indicate to them the source of the gas leak, follow their instructions. THE POPULATION USING GAS IN THE HOUSEHOLD IS OBLIGED:
Be instructed in the safe use of gas in the operating organization of the gas facilities, have and follow the instructions for operating the devices.
Monitor the normal operation of gas appliances, chimneys and ventilation, check the draft before switching on and during operation of gas appliances with the removal of combustion products into the chimney. Before using a gasified oven, check that the damper is fully open. Periodically clean the “pocket” of the chimney.
At the end of using gas, close the taps on gas appliances and in front of them, and when placing cylinders inside the kitchens, additionally close the valves near the cylinders. In the event of a malfunction of the gas equipment, call the employees of the gas facilities. In the event of a sudden interruption in the gas supply, immediately close the valves of the burners of gas appliances and inform the gas service by calling 04
Before entering basements and cellars, before turning on the light and lighting the fire, make sure that there is no smell of gas.
If you smell gas, in the basement, porch, in the yard, on the street: inform others about the precautions; report to the gas service by phone 04 from a non-gassed place; take measures to remove people from the gassed environment, prevent switching on and off of electric lighting, the appearance of open fire and sparks; prior to the arrival of the emergency brigade, organize ventilation of the room. Be careful with gas! Your forgetfulness, inattention can cause trouble to you, your loved ones and neighbors. Only skillful handling of gas appliances and knowledge of the rules for using gas will help you avoid accidents.
10.2. Safety when using gas
Natural gas and products of its combustion
Natural gas and some products of its combustion are toxic. The basis of domestic natural gases is methane (CH4). In the most common
gases, its share is usually 75–98.5%, the amount of higher hydrocarbons is insignificant - up to 2–3%. These gases may contain small amounts of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, and hydrogen sulfide. Natural gases that do not contain hydrogen sulfide are low toxic.
The cylinders use liquefied petroleum gas, which, unlike natural gas, along with saturated hydrocarbons (36–50%), mainly methane, contains 28–48% unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethylene, propylene), 6–14% hydrogen, 1.5 % carbon dioxide and up to 8% nitrogen.
Signs of suffocation (asphyxia) begin to be detected at a concentration of methane in the air of 25–30%. Inhalation of air with 0.25–1% carbon dioxide leads to changes in the functions of external respiration and blood circulation, a concentration of 2.5–5% causes headache, heart palpitations, increased blood pressure, etc. A high content of CO2 causes death from stopping breathing (at a concentration of 20% death
comes in a few seconds).
From a toxicological point of view, during the operation of gas equipment, the most dangerous effect on the human body is carbon monoxide (CO). This gas is assigned to the fourth hazard class. The following norms of the maximum permissible concentration are established for it.
Tractions: in the air of the working area during the working day - 20.0 mg/m3; in atmospheric air, the maximum single dose is 5.0 mg/m3; the average daily dose is 3.0 mg/m3.
Gas supply systems and rules for their operation
In our country, most residential buildings are gasified, they are supplied with main natural gas, and in rural areas, where about 40% of the population lives, with liquefied (cylinder) gas.
The use of hydrocarbon compounds in everyday life has its own specific features due to their fire and explosive properties and toxicity. For timely detection of leaks, gases are subjected to odorization, they are given a specific smell, by which they are easy to detect even at low concentrations in indoor air. Natural gas, which has a lower concentration limit of ignition in a mixture with air of 1.6–3% by volume, and an upper limit of 8.8–32%, is felt in indoor air at a concentration of 0.32%. The smell of liquefied gases should be felt even at a lower concentration. It must be remembered that mixtures of gases with air can flare up and explode not only from open fire, but also from sparks cut out by impacts or friction of metal objects, etc. It should also be borne in mind that combustible gases are 1.5–2 times heavier than air, therefore, in the event of a leak, they accumulate in low places and, in calm weather, can remain there for a long time.
The gas supply system of residential buildings consists of a gas pipeline network, a gas meter and gas-consuming devices (gas household stoves, water heaters, etc.).
V. A. Makashev, S. V. Petrov. "Dangerous situations of a man-made nature and protection against them: a textbook"
The gas pipeline is laid openly along the walls; when laying an internal gas pipeline, it is not allowed to cross window and door openings, as well as its passage through living rooms.
If the gas pipeline is laid parallel to the open electrical wiring with insulated wires or an electrical cable, the distance between them must be at least 25 cm, and when crossing a hidden electrical wiring or electrical wiring laid in a pipe, a clearance of at least 10 cm is required. The gas pipeline is led at least 20 cm from the edge a sealed furrow or pipe when laid in parallel and leave a gap of 1 cm at the intersection of the power grid and the gas pipeline.
The installation of liquefied gas cylinders in accordance with the safety rules in the gas industry is provided both outside and inside a residential building. Cylinders are installed inside a residential building in the same rooms as gas appliances. Directly in the kitchen, it is possible to find no more than one cylinder with a capacity of up to 55 liters or no more than two cylinders with a capacity of 27 liters each, one of them is a spare. Spare cylinders are stored outside the residential building. It is forbidden to place them in the aisles, corridors, on escape routes, in the underground and basements.
Many fires in residential buildings occur as a result of the explosion of cylinders due to their unacceptable heating, during which the pressure inside the cylinder quickly increases. Often such cases occur in winter, when icy cylinders are placed near heating appliances, lowered into hot water, warmed with an open fire, etc. To avoid this, the distance from the cylinder to the gas floor stove should be at least 1 m, to the furnace door of the furnace (with using stove heating), if the cylinder is opposite it, - at least 2 m. When installing a screen that protects the cylinder from heating, the distance between the cylinder and the heater can be reduced to 0.5 m. Do not place the cylinder in places where direct exposure to sunlight. The air temperature in the room where the gas cylinders are located should not exceed +45°C.
Household gas cylinders are recommended to be placed outside the residential building in lockable metal cabinets with ventilation grills or under lockable metal casings that cover the top of the cylinder and the gearbox, which, in order to prevent access by unauthorized persons, are kept locked. The outer metal cabinet is intended for the installation of two cylinders with a capacity of 50-80 liters each. Cabinets for cylinders are placed on a solid fireproof base at least 10 cm high, excluding subsidence.
The distance from the cylinders located at the wall of the building to the doors and windows of the basement floors must be at least 3 m; to the doors and windows of the first floor - at least 0.5 m; to sewer wells, basements and other recesses - at least 3 m.
The use of liquefied gas cylinders without a pressure regulator (reducer) is not allowed.
The internal volume of the kitchen must be at least 4 m3 for each burner of the gas stove, the ceiling height cannot be lower than 2.2 m.
A gas stove should be installed correctly in the kitchen: the distance from the combustible wall should be at least 15 cm, with the obligatory protection of the wooden wall from fire; with a plastered wall, the indent should be at least 7 cm.
The operation of flow-through high-speed water heaters and automatic gas water heaters (AGV) has its own characteristics. Water heaters are designed to produce hot water, AGV - for heating and simultaneous production of hot water.
V. A. Makashev, S. V. Petrov. "Dangerous situations of a man-made nature and protection against them: a textbook"
AT most common in everyday life AGV-80 and AGV-120. These devices contain fire chambers where the gas burns, their walls can be heated to high temperatures. Combustible materials may ignite if they come into contact with them.
AT hot water column the block valve has a double blockage, so the gas supply to the burner is possible only after the water from the water supply fills the coil and the heater and the igniter is lit. If the flame goes out, the block valve valve stops the gas supply to the burner. In this case, gas leakage into the room is excluded.
AT AGV gas supply adjustment is carried out automatically, and the water temperature is maintained using temperature controllers that regulate the termination or resumption of gas supply to the main burner when the igniter is constantly running.
Geysers must be necessarily connected to chimneys (gas ducts), and AGVs can have an independent chimney to remove gas combustion products.
Hot water geysers can also be installed in the kitchen, where the gas
stove, provided that the volume of the kitchen is 4 m3 more than the volume of the room required for the operation of a gas stove with the corresponding number of burners. Water heaters of the AGV type are installed in rooms with chimneys and ventilation ducts in the presence of a window with a window or transom. The volume of the room for AGV should be at least 6
m3, and when installed in the kitchen - 6 m3 exceed the volume of the kitchen required to install a gas stove.
When installing a water heater on a plastered wooden wall, in accordance with fire safety requirements, a gap between the column body and the wall is 30 cm (on fireproof walls - 20 cm).
Gas Safety Rules
To ensure the safe operation of the domestic gas economy, it is necessary to strictly follow the basic safety rules.
Installation of a house gas economy can be carried out by a person who has special training and the right to carry out work on the installation of a gas network and appliances. Unauthorized installation, rearrangement, repair of gas appliances is strictly prohibited.
The operation of the gas network and gas appliances is possible only after they are accepted into operation by specialists of the local gas management organization with the participation of the owner of the house or apartment and the preparation of relevant documents.
All gas equipment of the house (apartment) must be registered and serviced by the operational service of the gas economy.
Gas can only be used by persons who have been instructed and know how to handle gas appliances. Young children should not be allowed near gas appliances.
Only serviceable gas appliances are allowed to operate. Burner bodies and dividers must be kept clean, cleaned monthly of carbon deposits with soapy water or special solutions.
Lit gas appliances, except for water heaters, must not be left unattended. It is forbidden to use a gas stove and a water heater for heating and space heating.
If you smell gas, turn off all gas appliances, open the vents (windows) and call the emergency service.
To install a gas leak, you should use only a soapy solution, which wets the joints on pipelines, a cylinder. For these purposes, you can not use burning candles, matches, etc.
V. A. Makashev, S. V. Petrov. "Dangerous situations of a man-made nature and protection against them: a textbook"
In the event of an increase in pressure in the network, in the event of a sudden cessation of the gas supply or abnormal burning of the flame, you must immediately turn off all working gas appliances and proceed with troubleshooting.
Before using a gas water heater, water heater, AGV and other gas appliances with a chimney, you should make sure that there is draft in the smoke channel using a burning torch. In the absence of traction, the use of a gas appliance is prohibited.
At the end of using the gas appliance, it is imperative to close the taps both on the switchboard of the stove and on the gas pipeline.
In case of gas poisoning, the victims must be assisted. They need to be taken out of the gassed room, freed from constricting parts of clothing, given strong tea or coffee to drink, and an ambulance called. Before the arrival of the doctor, the victims need to be warmed (overlaid with heating pads, etc.); if breathing is disturbed, it is useful to give oxygen; in the absence of breathing, artificial respiration should be done immediately.
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