The best soil options for phalaenopsis. Soil for orchids at home

Habitat replacement process for indoor plants is stress. Orchids are no exception.

That's why often do not transplant, once every 2-3 years is enough. For this period:

As is known, the main component of the substrate for orchids is tree bark. Which, as a result of frequent contact with water, swells and decomposes. Subsequently, the substrate becomes dense, air circulation stops. Accordingly, the roots do not receive the proper amount of oxygen.

For full development, an exotic flower needs soil acidity at a level of 5.5-6.5 pH. If this indicator differs from the norm, then the orchid will not be able to fully absorb iron, and its green foliage will turn yellow.

Watering with poor quality water also leads to negative consequences.- mineral salts accumulate in the soil, so the roots of the plant cannot continue to perform vital functions.

Why is it important to choose the right soil for transplanting?

It's no secret that the natural habitat of orchids is an impenetrable, tropical forest. As a place of residence, they choose the trunks of powerful trees. Clinging to aerial roots for their irregularities, epiphytes get necessary elements and moisture from the air and rain. This specificity of exotic should be taken into account when choosing a soil.

Properly selected composition of the substrate is a guarantee of future flowering and plant health.

Criteria to be met by the correct composition

What land does an orchid need for transplantation? When choosing a substrate, you need to pay attention to the following qualities:

Representatives of the Orchid family, which are grown at home, are divided into 2 groups: epiphytic and terrestrial. The difference from each other is not only in the name, appearance, but also in the growing environment. That's why, the substrate for terrestrial and epiphytic orchids is significantly different.

Varieties of epiphytic plants:

  • Dendrobium.
  • Cattleya.
  • Lycasts.
  • Phalaenopsis.
  • Cumbria.
  • Zygopetalum.
  • Masdevallia.

For such flowers, the soil primarily serves as a support, and then a source of nutrition and moisture. It can be concluded that the earth base should not be included in the composition of the soil mixture for epiphytes. It will be enough organic and mineral components.

Substrate options: 1 part charcoal and 5 parts bark.

Sphagnum moss, ash and small pieces of pine bark in proportions 2:1:5. As additional components, dry fern roots can be used, natural baking powder, drainage.


Ground Orchids: Cymbidium and Paphiopedilum. They need enhanced nutrition. The following soil composition is suitable:

  1. leafy humus;
  2. peat;
  3. pine bark;
  4. crushed coal;

You can improve the finished mixture a little more by adding sphagnum moss, cork material cut into plates and part of the soddy land.

Can regular soil be used?

Do not choose ordinary soil as a substrate for exotic plants. After all, the root system needs light and oxygen for the process of photosynthesis. That is, the substrate should consist of light, breathable components. Otherwise, the heavy earth will be a kind of pressure for the roots.

Also, dense soil can lead to disruption of the drainage process, and stagnant water will adversely affect the root system. Orchids will be difficult to fully grow and develop in such conditions.

Do not forget that the habitual habitat of the exotic is loose, light soil or its complete absence. BUT ordinary earth is a dense enough environment in which an orchid simply cannot survive.

Not all types of orchids die in normal soil. For example, varieties Bletilla striata, Pleione, Orchis and Cypripedium grow well and winter in the garden.

How to make the right choice when buying in a store?

The market for orchid substrates is overflowing with various offers.


The stores sell both ready-made mixtures and individual components.. But even well-known manufacturers not always happy with the quality of the goods. The soil often contains a large number of peat, which is useful for terrestrial orchids, and is contraindicated for epiphytes. Therefore, before buying, it is important to pay attention to:

  • The purpose of the substrate, for which varieties of orchids is suitable. Soil for epiphytic exotics is sold under the name "Mix for phalaenopsis", and for terrestrial orchids "Mix for cymbidium".
  • Supply of components and soil pH.
  • The nutritional value of the soil.
  • Recommendations for use.

We offer you to watch a video on how to choose the right substrate for orchids:

How to cook on your own?

If you are not sure about the quality of the finished mixture for orchids, it will be better to prepare it yourself. This method has its positive aspects:


There are many recipes for preparing a substrate for exotic flowers.. It will not be difficult to fulfill them, even for an inexperienced grower. The main thing in the process is to observe the specified proportions of the ingredients.

The main components of the substrate:

  1. pine bark You can use the bark of any tree. Crushed to a size of 2-3 cm.
  2. moss sphagnum, grows in forests, lowlands. Used fresh and dry.
  3. wood ash, the size is needed approximately the same as the bark.
  4. fern roots are used exclusively in dry form.
  5. Expanded clay granules are excellent for drainage.

Various variations of mixtures may contain additional components: coarse sand, pieces of foam, cork, turf or hardwood, gravel, perlite, vermiculite, shell walnut, humus, coconut fiber and others.

We offer you to watch a video on preparing the substrate for orchids:

Step-by-step instruction

Description of the process in detail will eliminate unnecessary errors and add confidence in action. So, how to carry out a transplant with soil replacement:


We offer you to watch a video instruction for transplanting an orchid:

Choosing the soil and making a transplant is not difficult, but so important. The further full development and violent flowering of the orchid depends on this. BUT subsequent proper care and care will ensure a quick adaptation of the beauty.

As you know, replacing the soil for a flower is a kind of stress. For this reason orchids are transplanted every 3 years with soil replacement(read about when it is best to transplant an orchid at home, and from you will find out whether this procedure can be performed in autumn period). So during this period, the soil is greatly depleted, losing valuable properties:

  • The balance of mineral salts is disturbed.
  • The substrate ages and decomposes.
  • The supply of micronutrients is running out.
  • Decreased breathability.
  • The level of acidity rises.

ATTENTION: Compaction of the soil leads to disruption of the drainage process, and stagnant moisture can adversely affect the root system. For the full development of exotic, spend complete replacement substrate.

General criteria for choosing a soil mixture for indoor orchids the same. The soil must have the following qualities:

Representatives of orchids that are grown at home are divided into two groups: epiphytic and terrestrial. They differ not only in name, appearance but also the growing environment. Accordingly, the substrate for plants has a number of differences.

Epiphytic orchids include varieties:

  • dendrobium;
  • cattleyas;
  • lycastes;
  • phalaenopsis;
  • cumbria;
  • zygopetalum;
  • Masdevallia.

For such plants, the soil is important mainly for maintaining an upright position, and then for nutrition and obtaining life-giving moisture. Consequently, epiphytes do not need land, enough without a soil substrate. Mixtures have variations: 1 part charcoal and 5 parts bark. Or sphagnum moss, ash and bark chips in a ratio of 2:1:5.

Ground orchids: cymbidium and paphiopedilum, which require enhanced nutrition. The following soil composition is suitable for them:

  • pine bark;
  • wood ash;
  • peat.

ADVICE: It is also possible to prepare a substrate from ready soil for orchids by adding moss and some hardwood.

Experienced flower growers unequivocally answer this question - no. The habitual habitat of orchids is loose, light soil.. The root system should be freely blown by air, participate in the process of photosynthesis. And in the ground, they will be compressed, as if under the weight of a stone. In such conditions, it is quite difficult for an exotic flower to grow and most likely it will die.

Can regular soil be used? You can buy ready-made soil for exotic plants, cook it yourself or purchase individual components, and choose the proportions yourself. Garden stores have a wide variety of orchid potting mixes to choose from. When buying a substrate, you should pay attention to:

Unfortunately, even in trusted stores, you can buy a low-quality product. To avoid this, the substrate for orchids is prepared independently. All substrate ingredients do not have to be collected by hand, which are sold separately in specialized stores. Thus, the substrate is easy to assemble by yourself by mixing the components in the right quantities. Good products natural material from the manufacturer "Gardens of Aurika".

How to make a mixture yourself?

In order to save Money, and also for complete confidence in the quality, the soil is prepared individually. The main composition of the substrate contains:

  1. pine bark. This is the main component that is easy to find in a pine forest, on fallen trees. The bark should be crushed to 2-3 cm.
  2. moss sphagnum. Collected in the forests, in the lowlands, after the snow has completely melted. Moss has antibacterial properties. Used fresh and dry.
  3. fern roots which contain many useful substances. Add dry to mixture.
  4. charcoal easy to find in the ashes. Ash is needed the same size as the other components.
  5. Expanded clay, inexpensive and lightweight material. The granules are great for drainage.

Substrate preparation options are used with the addition of coarse sand, granular clay, cork material, perlite, polystyrene, leafy soil, peat, humus.

Watch the video on collecting materials for the orchid substrate:

With soil replacement? Detailed description the transplant process will eliminate fuss and unnecessary mistakes. It is important to follow the sequence:


Watch video about correct transplant orchids:

Soil for orchids is selected depending on the variety. You can make it yourself or buy it in the appropriate store. Everything you need to know about the features of the selection of the substrate for these flowers will be described below.

The question regarding land for orchids arises in two cases: a newly purchased flower should be transferred to a new pot and adapted to the conditions of the apartment or the plant should be periodically transferred to a new container (performed every two years).
The soil that is used to grow these representatives of indoor flora cannot be called earth. Rather, it is a special substrate that should support the flower and give it stability. In this case, such a soil mixture must meet the following requirements:

  • be nutritious;
  • absorb the optimal percentage of moisture;
  • allow excess water to evaporate. For phalaenopsis, the drying rate of the substrate should be 3-4 days. Otherwise, compaction of the soil mixture is possible, which can provoke the appearance of fungal infections and rotting processes.

Orchids grow both on tree trunks and on the ground, and even on rocks. In order for the plant to grow in the most comfortable conditions for itself, the substrate for them must be selected as close as possible to the growing conditions in the wild. For example, for varieties living on trees, the soil must have a high ability to pass air and moisture. For terrestrial species (for example, cymbidium), do-it-yourself soil prepared from purchased mixtures is suitable.

Video "Orchid transplant after purchase"

From this video you will find out if you need to transplant an orchid after purchase.

Required components included

Whatever soil is taken for growing orchids in an apartment, certain components must be included in its composition. Some of them are mandatory, others can be replaced by analogues. Most often, the soil mixture for these flowers is formed from the following components:

  • fern root;
  • vermiculite / perlite;
  • peat;
  • coconut fibers;
  • charcoal;
  • expanded clay;
  • fallen leaves from trees;
  • husks of various nuts;
  • pebbles;
  • leaf ground / humus.

Let us consider in more detail the most important soil fragments for orchids.

The most important fragment of the substrate is the bark. It is best to take the bark of oak, pine or larch. It must be removed from fallen or cut down trees. The bark should peel off easily from the tree trunk. Only dry fragments are taken that have not been affected by putrefactive processes. The bark from living trees is not removed, as it contains high percent pitches.

To prepare the soil mixture for orchids, charcoal obtained by burning the trunk of a beech, oak or birch should be used. It's best to burn the wood yourself to make sure no poisonous substances (such as polymers) are burned along with it.

Fern root must be dug up in summer. For this, the largest specimens are selected. The root is cleaned from the ground, washed and cut into small pieces. Then it is dried and added to the soil mixture.

Peat, as well as sphagnum moss, is collected by hand in a swamp. You can also buy it along with coconut fibers in a themed store. Peat, due to its ability to acidify the environment, must be combined with coal.
As a soil baking powder, you can take the husks from sunflower seeds, as well as the shells of cedar, walnuts and hazelnuts. Vermiculite and perlite will protect the plant from mold and fungi. Expanded clay / polystyrene / polystyrene is used as drainage.

Fallen leaves are not always included in the mixture. This is a mandatory component only for those varieties that grow on the ground.

How to make your own soil

Many flower growers prefer to prepare the soil for orchids on their own. Thanks to this, it is possible to bring the substrate as close as possible to a specific variety, minimizing the risk of flower death in an apartment. When growing several orchids, you can experiment and make your own soil for each plant. After that, you need to track which flower blooms longer and better and draw the appropriate conclusions.
Thus, you can choose your substrate compositionideal for your orchids. If the soil mixture suits the tropical beauty, the frequency of its flowering will increase, as well as the number of buds.
At home, the substrate for any orchids is prepared immediately before transshipment. It is necessary to remove branches and debris from the ground, add coal to it in small pieces, as well as chips from the bark of trees. The bark should first be doused with boiling water. Next, moss is introduced, which is previously soaked for 24 hours in water. Then the rest of the ingredients are added. Universal composition: charcoal and oak bark in a ratio of 1:5.

The choice of finished soil

In the case of using purchased substrates, it is necessary to select soil for a specific type of orchid, taking into account the following points:

  • pieces of bark must be whole and up to 3 cm long;
  • soil unsuitable for use, resembling a lump of soil;
  • earth in the mixture should not be present. Charcoal, coconut fiber, fern root and, if possible, perlite are required;
  • on the packaging with the substrate should be marked that this mixture is suitable for epiphytes.

It is also necessary to check the bag with soil for tightness. If it is violated, the substrate can both get enough sleep and become infected with pathogenic microflora. If damage to the packaging is found, the procedure for disinfecting the soil mixture should be carried out.

If the substrate for the orchid was chosen correctly, then tropical beauty on your windowsill will bloom and smell fragrant.

What are the components of orchid soil? Soil for exotic flowers is sold at any garden center. Special pots and special fertilizers have been created for them. When a person is passionate about orchids and collects them, then preparing a substrate for orchids with your own hands is not only interesting, but also useful. This will allow you to think over the composition of the soil necessary for the capricious beauty.

Land for Phalaenopsis orchids needs special, it will differ in composition from soil mixtures intended for other types of orchids. Poor or improperly selected soil will cause the death of the plant. Two points are important: the selection of components and their ratio. If the composition of the soil for orchids is chosen wisely, the flower will delight good growth and beautiful blooms.

Important: When choosing a soil, it is not necessary to put nutritional properties in the first place, but focus on the structure, gas and moisture capacity.

Phalaenopsis orchid soil surprises with its composition, which combines:

  • wood charcoal,
  • bark taken from conifers,
  • fibrous part of the coconut
  • drainage materials: polystyrene or expanded clay,
  • peat,
  • sphagnum moss,
  • fern root,
  • perlite rock,
  • mineral substance vermiculite,
  • cones of conifers (for example, pines).

Land for phalaenopsis combines exotic and somewhat unusual substances, so creating soil for an orchid with your own hands will require maximum effort. In addition, its composition is selected based on a certain type of orchid.

Selection of components and requirements for soil composition

The components of such a "land" will be difficult to pick up. If you can still find charcoal or sphagnum moss, then finding coconut fiber is not easy. Pine bark peels well from a freshly sawn, healthy tree. Collecting fern roots will only require a hike in the forest. Crushed stone expanded clay and polystyrene are sold in construction parks, and vermiculite is sold in garden centers.

Note: The mineral vermiculite not only gives the soil mixture looseness, it protects it from mold and fungal diseases, and prevents unusual soil from drying out.

Phalaenopsis orchid soil performs the following role:

  1. Retains moisture for a short time.
  2. Does not accumulate excess water.
  3. Have a loose, not compacted structure.

Outside, the aerial roots of orchids are covered with a layer of velamen, resembling a sponge. It absorbs moisture and transfers it to leaves and flowers. But the roots themselves must remain dry, otherwise rot will form on them. That's why necessary condition- quick drying of the soil for orchids. Water, passing through the air spaces, must drain into the pan.

The quality and basic composition of the soil

Tree bark is the main soil element for phalaenopsis. Collecting bark for orchids with your own hands is not difficult. It must be removed from sawn pine trees or other conifers. What kind of bark is suitable for phalaenopsis? Strong, dense, without signs of damage. Old pieces of pine bark used for orchids are quickly destroyed by growing roots, so pine bark should be good quality. The pieces do not need to be crushed too much, otherwise they will actively retain moisture.

Note: The bark can become a source of danger in the form of insect larvae or adults lurking in it, bacteria, fungal spores that can infect the "sissy". Therefore, the collected chips must be cleaned, thermally treated and dried. When all the components are mixed, the bark is saturated with moisture, and when planted, the culture is less sick, falling into a favorable environment.

The second most important component is sphagnum moss. It has undeniable advantages:

  • increases the looseness of the soil,
  • retains moisture without compacting the soil,
  • selects from the water part of the salts that the plant does not need,
  • has a bactericidal effect.

Decontaminated and dried moss is sold at garden centers. But if there is a swamp near the house, then you can collect it yourself. Having collected it, it is washed, sorted out, soaked in boiling water, squeezed, dried. It is better to pluck moss in late autumn.

Note: Moss is not only included in the composition of the soil, it is used as a mulch, covering the surface of the "earth" mixture, as a separate substrate when rooting rosettes, to create a denser layer. It is important for the restoration of the roots when they dry out or rot.

One of the substances that make up the soil for orchids at home is expanded clay. This is drainage that preserves the structure of the soil mixture and is characterized by good hygroscopicity. Charcoal has an absorbent and disinfectant effect. The coal fraction should consist of pieces up to 2 cm in size, otherwise it is subject to destruction, turning into dust.

Some flower collectors, creating soil for orchids with their own hands, neglect artificial materials, and instead of expanded clay and polystyrene, river stones and sand are used, calcining them. But, on the other hand, synthetic counterparts are more durable and reliable.

The soil for orchids at home may contain peat as a water-retaining and permeable component. To make the mixture loose, other components are introduced into it:

  • nut shells, pre-steamed and dried,
  • coco fiber,
  • leaf litter,
  • perlite or vermiculite
  • crushed bottle caps as a filler.

Important: How long will it last? earth mixture»For an orchid at home, the durability of the components and their dimensions depend. Too crushed components of the soil will soon collapse, and the question of transplanting the orchid will arise.

Variants of soils and containers for planting

The soil for an orchid at home does not have to contain the full set of substances that were mentioned earlier. Suitable soil soil will be selected by its owner. Compiling a substrate is a delicate matter and involves the use of different combinations:

Composition No1: Cooking charcoal (1 part) and bark (5 parts). Its quality is low moisture capacity and high breathability.

Composition No2: We mix chopped sphagnum (2 parts), charcoal (1 part) and pine chips (5 parts) on our own. The combination is classic and quite common.

Composition No3: The composition of the soil for phalaenopsis orchids: peat (1 part), charcoal (1 part), humus (3 parts) and bark (1 part). The composition is more nutritious and rich in content.

To correctly determine which soil is suitable for orchids, do not forget the simple rules:

  1. With low humidity in the apartment, which is quite possible due to appliances central heating soil moisture capacity plays an important role.
  2. After watering, the soil for the orchid should be completely dry after 3-4 days.
  3. The substrate must not be compacted tightly: in natural environment orchid roots are in the air.

When the composition of the “earth” for your “beautiful sissy” is determined, choose the right pot. Usually translucent plastic pots Because the roots in the substrate are green, they photosynthesize and need light. In such pots, the state of the roots, the looseness of the soil, and the presence of moisture are clearly visible.

But some flower growers prefer clay pots. Of the amenities, one can name a beautiful appearance and bulkiness: in the presence of a large flower brush, they stick well on the windowsill. But there are more disadvantages. They are rough, so there will be a problem when transplanting: the roots grow to the walls of the pot. The soil in them quickly dries up. And only those roots that “peep out” from their shelter can photosynthesize.

How to properly mix soil mix?

Planting orchids is carried out when the composition prepared by oneself is ready for use. Preparation consists of a number of stages:

  • soak fresh moss in water for a day,
  • sliced ​​​​peeled and scalded fern root,
  • peat is crushed into small conglomerates,
  • we take the bark of medium size,
  • put drainage into the prepared container.

All components are steamed and dried in advance. We pour drainage at the bottom, then - a mixture of soil to the middle part of the container. We bring again the drainage and soil layer and carefully place root system orchids, being careful not to injure the roots.

We put our phalaenopsis on a pre-prepared place in the apartment and wait for growth and abundant flowering, because we did our best, creating with our own hands a unique and difficult ground to overseas beauty felt at home.

The orchid is a favorite of many. In order for it to bloom, it must be transplanted in time into a special soil for orchids, the composition of which can be assembled with your own hands even in urban conditions. Home orchid (phalaenopsis) grows in pots in a special substrate, ordinary soil is not suitable for it. The home orchid is a bred hybrid. Phalaenopsis is the most popular and unpretentious of orchids.

In order to understand how to properly care for a flower, you need to know how the plant lives in natural conditions. The fact is that under natural conditions, phalaenopsis is an epiphyte, that is, it attaches to other plants, the donor plant is not the main source of nutrients, the flower receives part of the nutrition from precipitation, and the orchid also uses other plants as a reliable support. In this regard, the soil on which phalaenopsis grows has a specific composition, which includes tree bark, insect remains, rotted leaves, bird droppings and moss.

Like any other flower, indoor phalaenopsis requires repotting, but the soil for the orchid should be close to its natural habitat.

Soil selection for home orchids

As already mentioned, the land for flowers has a specific composition. On the this moment soil for this flower can be purchased at any gardening store, you can also prepare it yourself. It is important when choosing the filling of the pot to take into account certain conditions, such as:

  1. Flower variety.
  2. The volume of the pot in which the plant is planned to be transplanted.
  3. Growing conditions (temperature, lighting, humidity).
  4. flowering periods. Note that the orchid blooms 2 times a year, and the flowers do not fade for 3 months.

These factors must also be taken into account when the soil is created independently. Let us consider in more detail the process of preparing soil for orchids at home.

Components for the substrate

The question of what kind of soil is needed for orchids often worries beginner flower growers, because if you plant a plant in unsuitable soil, it will die. Note that for each variety, the soil may differ in its composition. There are many recipes for creating substrates for home phalaenopsis, but in this case it is important to choose the right proportions and composition of the soil. If everything is done correctly, then the plant will feel good and bloom for a long time.

Sometimes the soil may contain exotic ingredients needed for certain types of orchids. A kind of universal land for orchids at home mainly includes the following components:

  • peat (lowland or highland);
  • moss (preferably sphagnum - peat moss from a swamp);
  • humus;
  • tree bark (pine bark is better);
  • charcoal;
  • Pine cones;
  • coconut fibers;
  • polystyrene;
  • expanded vermiculite (to saturate the flower with essential minerals);
  • perlite (rock of volcanic origin);
  • expanded clay;
  • fern rhizomes.

An independent search for the above components will not be difficult, presumably, difficulties may arise with the search for coconut fiber, but this problem can also be solved.

A component such as pine bark is very important in the substrate for orchids. Therefore, it must be removed only from healthy trees, it should peel off easily. by the most ideal option there will be bark from a fallen pine or hemp, but it is important that the tree is not rotten. It is best to collect the bark in the fall, when there will be no insects in it, they are not needed in the substrate.

Add moss...

Expanded clay, polystyrene can be bought at hardware store. And vermiculite and perlite in flower outlets. These components give the soil friability, in addition, vermiculite is a useful mineral and protects against mold, fungi and drying out of the soil.

Recipes for preparing soil for orchids

Do not use all of the above ingredients at the same time. soil mix for home orchid can cook different ways, below are the most popular options, they are based on those components that are easiest to get yourself. Each of the methods has different proportions, but the ingredients for them are prepared in the same way:

  1. The proportions of the components are 1:3:1. According to the proportions, the following components are prepared: peat, charcoal, pine bark. In this case, it is better not to use crushed peat, it should have a good coarse fiber base with a salt content, but in a small amount. As for charcoal, it must be crushed to a suitable size. Coal is an antiseptic, but it can accumulate salts, and if it is planned to feed the plant in the future, then it is better to refuse coal altogether. Do-it-yourself orchid bark must be clean, it must be finely chopped, because the smaller the bark, the better it retains moisture. After the bark has been crushed, it must be boiled for 10-15 minutes, then dried and used as a substrate.
  2. For this method substrate preparations use only two components in a ratio of 1: 5 - charcoal and bark, respectively. This method will help create a reduced moisture capacity and increased air circulation. Air is necessary for orchid roots, as they are also involved in the process of photosynthesis and are superficial.
  3. The proportions of the components of the substrate are 2:1:5. The ingredients used are moss, charcoal, pine chips. Moss for orchids is well washed and dried, if small branches, leaves, grass get into it, then you should not remove them, in the future, in the process of decomposition, they will give their nutrients to phalaenopsis. After the moss is dried, it must be cut. Charcoal and pine bark are prepared in the same way as in the first method.

A good addition to these substrates will be finely chopped fallen tree leaves mixed with bark or moss, they will serve as additional fertilizer.

Laying soil in a container for a flower

When transplanting an orchid, it is necessary to consider in which pot it is better to plant it. For these purposes, plastic transparent pots or clay pots are suitable, in both cases the pots should have a hole in the bottom to remove moisture.

After cooking suitable soil and choosing a pot, it is necessary to lay soil layer by layer in a container for a flower. A drainage layer is placed at the bottom, it can be expanded clay, perlite, vermiculite or polystyrene. Further cooked soil mixture the pot is filled to the middle. The next layer will again be drainage, and on it a layer of soil. At this stage, an orchid is planted in the ground. It is important not to compact the soil, because the flower loves loose soil.

Thus, it is quite easy to independently prepare the soil for an orchid, the main thing is to combine the components in correct proportions and select the appropriate composition of the substrate for a certain type.

Loading...
Top