What tool is present in every home? Of course, a hammer. It is used in the installation and repair of various structures and mechanisms, in household use. The application is so extensive that more than 10 subspecies and specifications of hammers are distinguished. This division helps to solve highly specialized tasks clearly and accurately, spending a minimum of effort.
But the most common is an ordinary metalwork hammer, which has a handle and a working part of the usual form. It is this tool that is most in demand - out of 10 purchased hammers, 6 are locksmith's.
Any device for certain work must be designed in such a way as to ensure high accuracy and efficiency in performing the assigned tasks. That is why there are about 15 types of hammers, each of which increases labor productivity and reduces the amount of physical effort expended. However, any device consists of several parts that may differ in appearance, but perform the same task. A tool such as a hammer is no exception, and has two functional parts. Each of them must meet the requirements and standards, which helps to complete tasks with minimal effort.
So, regardless of the subspecies, any hammer consists of a head and a handle. The first detail is responsible for the efficiency of the work performed, the second - for safety and convenience. The impact part of the hammer, in turn, is conditionally divided into several parts.
The most important is the striker. Durability depends on its shape and quality. In addition, this part of the hammer performs the main mechanical work, that is, it is exposed to maximum impact and wears out faster. The end opposite the striker is called the spout. It, as a rule, has functional differences in various versions of hammers, which allows you to perform specific types of tasks - pulling out nails, crushing stone, embossing hard surfaces. There are models in which the spout is a striker of the same shape or a smaller diameter. Such hammers allow you to perform operations with greater accuracy and strength, since the area of impact is reduced, and the mass of the head remains the same.
Also, the head of the hammer contains a part called the cheek - the surface between the spout and the striker. Its thickness must be sufficient to withstand the required load during operation and not break. And the iron part of the hammer should have a hole for the handle. An exception is the all-metal tool, which is poured into a mold. However, it is used in rather rare cases for specific work.
The role of the handle should be noted separately, because safety depends on the quality of its fastening. Most often, in hammers with a wooden handle, a conical shape is selected. It allows you to tightly fix the head, and an additional wedge driven into the center improves the reliability of this connection. In more modern models, the hammer device does not require this, since the parts are made according to accurate measurements and using special materials and fasteners.
Also important are the dimensions of the device and its structure. The accuracy and transmitted impact force depend on the cross-sectional shape of the striker and the length of the handle. Additional functionality is provided due to the specific shape of the reverse side of the striker. The impact force and its effectiveness depend on the mass of the head. For example, the weight of a nail hammer usually ranges from 250 grams to a kilogram. But the weight of a sledgehammer for forging or driving piles can even reach 12 kg.
The weight of the hammer largely depends on what tasks it is designed to perform. Many models have certain technical characteristics - the state standard, which must be taken into account and fulfilled. For example, for a machinist's hammer, there are requirements that describe its shape with an accurate drawing of the head and handle diagrams, as well as a description of the smallest details and the weight of each part.
Download GOST 2310-77
Therefore, if when buying a product there is an inscription “Locksmith's hammer GOST 2310 77”, you can vouch for its quality.
Kinds
Different types of hammers are designed to perform different jobs. It is possible to use non-core devices, but you need to understand that this will only reduce efficiency and worsen the quality of the result. This is because the specifics of a particular task sometimes require slightly different qualities. For example, when straightening thin metals, the force of mechanical action is compensated by high recoil, which can cause additional damage. Therefore, for precise work, a tool with a working part capable of reducing or completely extinguishing the reaction force is required.
Depending on the task to be performed, there is a developed hammer specification. Most of them are described in detail and have certain GOST quality standards. However, it should be borne in mind that in some factories and workshops for manufacturing, technical conditions are used that are set individually. In some cases, this is due to the improvement of one of the parts, its improvement. But there are exceptions that allow violations of the manufacturing and assembly technology of the hammer, which reduces the quality, service life and safety. Therefore, before purchasing, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the reputation of the manufacturer, as this directly affects human life and health.
The most common type of hammer is the hammer. This type is in almost every home.
It has the simplest structure of the head, which allows it to be used as a universal tool. Such a hammer is used for hammering various fasteners and for assembling furniture, it is used to install wooden structures and upholstery of interior spaces. It is impossible to ignore a metalwork hammer in such operations as cutting, forging or straightening finished products.
Also, for jobs that require a certain more gentle impact, wooden hammers can be used. They are called mallets and are used to process soft metals.
In the assembly and repair of cars, a specific rubber tool is used. It is called a rubber mallet and allows you to straighten dents without the risk of additional damage. In addition, the soft material allows you to compensate for recoil and reduce it to almost zero.
When it becomes necessary to purchase, the master, as a rule, understands what type and amount of work will need to be performed using the tool. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which hammer should be purchased based on these parameters.
- We define the view. To do this, we estimate the frequency of performing specific tasks. For example, will it be necessary to cover the roof or lay tiles in the near future. Perhaps the listed process is a professional activity. In this case, you need to buy a hammer for tiles or roofing. However, most often it is enough to purchase a metalwork tool.
- We calculate the weight. When choosing a hammer, it is important to consider this parameter. For large-sized products, it will be necessary to use sufficiently large nails, which, in turn, will require greater impact force and striker area. To save the physical cost of hammering, it is worth choosing a heavier hammer with a long handle. For example, a hammer as a tool for this type of work is ideal.
- Choose the shape and size. Even certain subspecies of hammers have different functional devices that need to be considered in terms of necessity. For example, a tool with a nail puller nose will cost more than a conventional wedge head option. It is up to you to determine the appropriateness of the overpayment.
- Additional equipment. Modern tools have a number of advantages. For example, more embossed handles allow you to better hold the hammer and expend less effort on this process. And additional rubber pads insure against accidental slipping. As a result, productivity will increase due to more hammer blows. Therefore, if there is a choice between a more modern and classic version, you need to choose a more advanced version.
Thus, it becomes clear that in order to choose the right hammer, you need to decide on its functional purpose. The type of work and their volume should be thought out in advance, because its weight, shape and additional equipment will depend on it. Only with the help of such a sequence is it possible to accurately select a tool for solving certain technical problems.
In every house you can find a hammer. It is a hand tool that converts kinetic energy into mechanical work. The efficiency of the process is 70-90% and depends on the design of the hammer, as well as the material of its manufacture.
The hammer consists of a handle and a head. All the force on impact is transferred from the person's hand to the head. It must have a strong connection with the handle. This is a prerequisite for safe operation.
The design of the head consists of:
- Sock.
- Striker.
- wedge.
- Cheeks.
The toe is called the back side of the head, which has a wedge-shaped shape. It has a small area, which accounts for the entire impact force. The toe of the hammer is used for work on crushing hard material and chasing. Some models of the instrument are equipped with a toe in the shape of a swallow's tail.
Expert opinion
Torsunov Pavel Maksimovich
The main shock part of the tool is the striker. It has the form of a relatively large area. An important characteristic of the striker is strength. In the process of work, he has to withstand a large number of blows of various strengths.
There is a hole on the head of the hammer, called the "mount". A handle is inserted into it. To ensure the strength of the connection of the structural elements, from the center upwards, an expansion of the seat is made. Some models of the instrument are equipped with a metal collar. Place it around the hole. The non-working, flat part of the milk is called the cheeks.
Production material
The classic version of the hammer is a cast metal head, a wooden handle. High-strength steel is used to make the head.
It is produced in several ways:
- Casting.
- Forging.
- Milling.
Heads made of black steel are coated with a protective layer of zinc or polymer paint to prevent corrosion processes. For the manufacture of the handle, hardwoods are used: beech, hornbeam or oak. Individual models of hammers are produced completely in metal, with a plastic or rubberized handle.
What should be the weight and size
The size and weight of the tool refer to the main technical specifications. They depend on the type of activity for which the hammer is intended. The weight of the tool determines the length of the handle. For a heavy tool, it is 380-450 mm, light - 200-260 mm. The cross section of the striker is determined by the mass of the hammer.
The standard section is:
- 15x15 mm - for the lungs.
- 25x25 mm - for medium weight.
- 33x33 mm - for heavy ones.
Expert opinion
Torsunov Pavel Maksimovich
The heaviest hammer is called a sledgehammer. They are available in weights from 1 kg to 16 kg.
Kinds
What material is your hammer handle made of?
WoodMetal/Plastic
The main classification of the instrument is considered to be its division into areas of activity. According to their purpose, hammers are divided into:
- Locksmith. Used in everyday life and professional activities. the latter are produced weighing up to 2 kg. The head has a wedge shape, the striker is slightly rounded or flat. The handle is made of wood or rubber.
- carpentry. It is produced only with a flat head. The wedge-shaped side of the head is made in the form of a nail puller.
- Carpenter. The back of the head has the shape of a swallow's tail. The striker is corrugated or flat. For some models, it is specially magnetized to hold the nail. The nail puller spout can be tilted from 0 to 120 degrees.
- roofing. Used in the construction of soft and hard roofs.
- Kiyanka. It is used when working with tin or sheet metal. Production material: molded rubber, wood or molded rubber. Distinguish carpenter's and locksmith's mallet. In the first type of tool, the head has a cylindrical or barrel shape. In the plumbing version, it is wedge-shaped.
- Pick. The tool is intended for masons. The head is not inferior in hardness to a blacksmith's hammer. On the handle, notches are made in the form of a ruler. The flat part has a small section, the back side of the head is pointed.
- Leveling. Used in body work to smooth out dents.
- Sledgehammer. The tool has a conical shape. Used for strength work.
Rating
In each type of hammers there are products that can be called the best. When evaluating a tool, technical characteristics, cost and operational properties are taken into account.
Sledgehammers
KAPRIOL 12301
Easy-to-use steel sledgehammer with fiberglass handle. Product weight 3 kg. The length of the handle is 90 cm. The connection of the head with the handle is epoxy. The KAPRIOL head has a square shape, which ensures the accuracy of the strike. Manufacturer's warranty - 6 months.
Advantages:
- Comfortable handle.
- Strong connection of elements.
To disadvantages consider the high price of the tool.
Leonid S. review:
Reliable sledgehammer. Very comfortable handle. She lies well in the hand.
FIT 45232
The Canadian brand has a distinctive yellow and black handle. Produced in China. Refers to a professional tool. The length of the fiberglass handle is 800 cm. The striker is made of steel, increased strength. Has a square shape. Product weight 4 kg.
Advantages:
- Weightiness.
- Reliability.
- Long term
operation.
Main disadvantage- high price.
Dmitry G. review:
Beautiful, reliable sledgehammer. Used it for more than 2 years in the country for driving pipes into the ground. Never failed.
Locksmiths
Inforce 59035
The tool has a very well thought out design. Product weight - 500 gr. The handle has a fiberglass finish. Has indentations for fingers. howl coverage. The hardness of the striker is 10% higher than the requirements of the DIN standard. The method of fixing the elements is injection gluing with epoxy resin.
Advantages:
- Comfortable rubberized handle.
- Increased reliability.
- Low price.
Main disadvantage- insufficient weight for certain types of work.
Andrew F. review:
Reliable tool. When working, depreciation is felt in the hand.
Business Technique 315100 DT/24/6
A weighted hammer with which you can hammer nails very quickly. For the manufacture of the striker, steel 45 is used. The handle has a rubberized design. This ensures the safety of the work.
Advantages:
- Low cost.
- Design reliability.
- Weightiness.
Flaws not identified.
Yuri M. reviews:
The hammer does not look very attractive. This disadvantage does not affect performance.
picks
ZUBR MASTER 2015-05_z01
It is impossible to call a hammer a full-fledged pickaxe because of its low weight. Product weight 500 gr. The striker has increased strength. Made of steel 55. The handle is made of wood, which is considered a minus of the product.
Advantages:
- Increased head strength.
- Low price.
Flaw- the material of the handle.
Sergey H. review:
Good steel striker. Perfectly splits bricks of any kind.
Storm 1010-05-600
The hammer is equipped with a striker made of high-strength steel. Pickaxe weight 600 gr. The handle is two-piece. The surface of the steel base is covered with a fiberglass overlay. There are three notches for fingers. This improves safety and makes the handle more comfortable.
Advantages:
- Comfortable handle.
- Long service life.
- Endurance
big loads.
Flaw- high price.
Michael H. review:
Durable tool. The head is not deformed under the influence of large loads.
joinery
Stanley FMHT1-51276
The head of the hammer is the shape of a straight nail puller. It is equipped with a striker with a hardened surface and a protective coating. Vibration of the tool during the work is softened thanks to a special lining on the handle.
Advantages:
- Increased striker strength.
- Ergonomics.
disadvantage the tool is considered to be its high cost.
Dmitry I. review:
Very reliable and easy to use tool. Never failed at work.
NEO 25-000
The hammer is made of a monolithic steel billet. This provides the structure with increased strength. Product weight 450 gr. The handle is two-piece. The slip of the hand is prevented by a special coating.
Advantages:
- Long service life.
- Light weight.
- Ease of use.
- Increased strength.
disadvantage is considered to be poorly adjusted tool balance.
Vasily U. review:
The hammer has an excellent striker and a comfortable handle. I use this tool regularly. No deformation.
Leveling
ONNESWAY M10110
The hammer is very popular with car mechanics. The head of the tool has a rounded striker. The second side is made in the form of a peak. The handle is extended. The design allows you to perform a wide range of work.
Advantages:
- Comfortable long handle.
- Wide functionality.
Main disadvantage- high price.
Nikolai N. review:
I have been using a hammer for over 10 years. Great tool.
KING TONY 7842-28
Multifunctional model. The hammer is used not only by carpenters, but also by assemblers, locksmiths and carpenters. The handle is made from walnut wood. The tool is light in weight.
The safest are hammers with a solid construction and a handle equipped with a fiberglass lining. It prevents slipping of the hand during operation. You need to choose a tool for your anthropometric data.
Working with the tool
- Before starting work, you should always check the strength of the connection of structural elements. The handle must be free of cracks and chips. Hammers with defects are unreliable and dangerous in operation.
- When working, hold the hammer by the middle of the handle or higher. This increases efficiency and ensures safety.
- The side surface of the head cannot be used for driving nails. This may lead to its split.
- The effort when working with milk should be distributed throughout the arm, and not just on the hand and palm.
- The material to be hammered must always be on a solid base.
- You need to work with a sledgehammer in eye and ear protection. Splinters flying off from the material being processed can cause injury to a person. Workers may develop tinnitus after long periods of work.
- You can hold the nail during driving with cardboard. This will save your fingers from a possible hammer blow.
- In order to soften the blow of the hammer, a piece of a tennis ball is placed on the head of the tool. This need often arises when assembling furniture.
Conclusion
The choice of hammers depends on the purpose of their use. The tool can be used in everyday life and professional activities. Its cost depends on the material of execution, size and brand.
A hammer is an indispensable tool in the household. The ideal option would be if the set contains a set of several of its varieties at once, which will greatly facilitate the implementation of many highly specialized works. But for solving many everyday tasks, the most ordinary tool is quite enough - it is called a metalwork.
Peculiarities
A locksmith's hammer is a reliable and functional percussion tool used to hammer or break various objects, in the first case it is most often a nail, and in the second - hard-to-separate fasteners. In addition, hammers have found application for impact work, for example, when manipulating a screwdriver equipped with a thrust bearing or with a chisel. The mass and dimensions of the hammer are determined by the current standard - GOST 23-10-77. Here the definition of the term "locksmith" is given - that is, intended for the needs of the national economy. The weight of the metalwork tool varies from 50 to 1000 g.
The hammer consists of the following parts:
- head - for impact on the processed base;
- wedge - holds the head and protects it from flying off when swinging;
- handle - needed to facilitate the work, as well as increase the parameters of the order.
The head of a locksmith's hammer has its own design characteristics. She has a pair of endings - a striker and a toe, which are responsible for carrying out a variety of manipulations. The striker can be square or round, a thin toe in most cases has a triangular or cylindrical section, at the very end it is slightly rounded. The head is made of steel grades U7 or 50, it is possible to use other alloys if they are in no way inferior to the above in their physical and technical features. An indispensable condition is that the head must have a special protective coating, most often it is galvanized, in addition the metal can be coated with phosphate or oxide compounds, after which the head is dried and painted with special enamels. The wedge is also made of steel.
For better grip with the handle, it contains grooves, which are also called ruffs.
Handles can be of three types: oval, oval with a narrowing or having a rectangular section. Depending on the dimensions of the heads, the width of the handle varies from 20 to 40 cm. Household models are usually made with dimensions of 25–35 cm, in which case the head usually weighs 10–40 g.
They should be massive, but elastic, in order to reduce the load on a person during manipulations. The wood of maple, mountain ash, as well as dogwood, ash or oak differs in similar properties. No cracks are allowed on the handle of such a tool, as well as at the points of its connection with the head.
Types and purpose
Locksmith hammers are available in different weights. Tools weighing 300-500 g are suitable for a locksmith's home workshop, because their capabilities are quite enough for most household work. However, experts recommend not being limited to one hammer, but having several models with different weights, since the purpose of the device depends on this.
For example, hammers weighing 50–300 g are optimal for tool work, and products weighing 400–600 g are indispensable for carpentry.
Depending on the shape, hammers of several varieties are also distinguished. So, one of the popular options has a rectangular shape and a square striker, the second is slightly convex, the striker is rounded. The former have a fairly low cost, they are much easier to use, so they are widely used among both amateurs and experienced craftsmen. However, for hammers with a rounded head, the striking side has a slight advantage, due to which the accuracy and power of the blow increase. According to the current GOSTs, tools with a round striker and options with a spherical toe are also produced, but these models are quite rare on sale.
How is it different from carpentry?
Closest to the locksmith's hammer is the carpenter's hammer. A locksmith's hammer with a square hammer is indispensable for manipulating wood, and with a round one it is designed for sheet iron. The carpenter's hammer has a difference, which lies in the shape of the sock - it is bifurcated, therefore it is often used as a nail puller.
Its mass is 650–700 g, while a metalwork tool can weigh from 250 to 800 g.
In addition to locksmith and carpentry, there are also such hammer options:
- a sledgehammer is the most dimensional percussion tool used for knocking out partitions, various kinds of recesses, removing obsolete tiles and other similar work; its mass varies from 1 to 1.5 kg;
- jackhammer - the smallest, its weight does not exceed 200 g; it is used exclusively for working with small nails.
How to choose?
A locksmith's hammer is a rather dangerous tool, so its choice should be approached very carefully.
- The first thing you need to find out when buying is the mass and dimensions of the working part necessary for the implementation of specific work. If you get a hammer with a light strike, then the blow will have insufficient strength, if the striker is too heavy, then, on the contrary, working with it will tire you too quickly. In addition, massive hammers often spoil the bases.
- When buying a metalwork hammer, the material from which its working part is made is of no small importance. In accordance with GOST, butts cannot be produced by casting. The locksmith's hammer, according to the standards, must be strictly one-piece forged, and the steel alloy must be hardened and then tempered. Hardening is carried out by cooling at high speed - as a result of these manipulations, the material will acquire internal stress, so it is additionally heated to +200 degrees and allowed to cool completely - this process is called tempering. Tempering slightly reduces the density, but such a hammer is more practical and durable than those made from conventional alloys.
- Pay attention to the handle. Most modern models include plastic ones, but you can often find a tool with polyurethane paint or fiberglass on sale. However, according to experts, the classic wooden handle is the best, since you can always drive various pegs into the wood to make it more secure with the striker. A good option is products with a fiberglass handle - this material is considered a separate type of fiberglass with polyester resins in the composition. This is a durable and fairly durable material with a long service life. Its strength is 9-10 times that of plastic and 4 times that of aluminum. Handles made of this material are not deformed.
Nowadays, on the shelves of any hardware store you can find the widest selection of metalwork hammers from various manufacturers.
- The most popular model is Brigadier 41-314. This tool is designed for a wide range of carpentry work. It has a square head, is made by forging, coated with a phosphate composition, and weighs approximately 500 g. It is a classic tool, because it does not have any innovative solutions, but it is very reliable, practical and durable. Products of this brand are widely demanded for all types of domestic and some professional work.
Important! In addition to this model, the manufacturer offers a large selection of hammers of different weights with wooden and plastic handles.
- In the ranking of the most popular modifications, one of the leading positions is occupied by a hammer Habero 600 IH-500 used to perform a fairly wide range of work. The head of such an instrument is made of a chrome-vanadium alloy, is distinguished by exceptionally high hardness, and is usually covered with dark varnish. The shape of the striker is square. The popularity of the tool is explained not only by its functionality, but also by the price - on average, the cost of a hammer on the market is 200-250 rubles.
In general, marketplaces offer a large number of tools from a variety of manufacturers.
All of them differ in weight, dimensions and purpose, you can make any choice. The main thing is that the hammer is made of quality materials, has an ergonomic structure and is durable.
Subtleties of use
Unfortunately, the "Soviet" labor lessons have gone deep into the past and in a rare school boys are taught to handle construction tools. It is not surprising that many people start work incorrectly, which often causes injuries. To get started, remember the following rules:
- when carrying out any work, use only a specialized hammer, for example, you should not buy a tool weighing 900 g for furniture upholstery, models weighing 200 g are unsuitable for making tables and chairs;
- it is strictly forbidden to use the tool if the striker is staggering - with a swing, it can fly off and greatly harm others;
- do not use a hammer if it has cracks, deformations and chips.
Now let's look at the basic rules of work.
Some people believe that they are well versed in carpentry and joinery. Especially when it comes to tools. One has only to look at the photo of the hammer and everything is immediately clear. In fact, most often the picture looks quite different. Many tools that look similar in appearance assume different purposes. Even a tool that is simple in name, such as a hammer, is divided into several varieties, and each has its own specific function.
Hammers are involved in different areas. Such a concept is familiar, for example, for medicine, for shoemaking. In a particular case, those varieties that are used in construction are of interest.
Hammer for locksmith work
The tool got its name from a specific profession. Its practicality gives it the right to be considered the most common type. The shape of the hammer head is the presence of a flat striker on one side and a sharp point on the other. The wedge-shaped side is called the spout. The weight of the tool, taking into account a wooden or plastic handle, can range from 200 grams to 1 kilogram.
To choose the right tool, you can view the catalog of locksmith hammers. Lightweight small tools make it easier to drive small nails. To do this, use the narrow part of the striker. When installing glazing beads or fastening the lining, this side of the hammer is best suited for work.
For heavy types of metalwork hammers, a different range of construction processes is provided. They are used when hammering large nails, when bending metal sheets and other more time-consuming work. Over time, the metal head may fly off the butt (handle).
In such cases, it is good to know how to make the hammer work again. Masters do not always throw out the rejected tool. If possible, they try to get him back to work.
Roof hammers
Work on the roof involves the use of several types of hammers, united by a single name roofing. But this does not mean at all that they are all intended purely for fixing the upper roofing elements (metal sheets). They have a wider range of uses. Roofers typically use hammer sets.
Working with a nail puller
This variety is considered universal. On average, hammers with a nail puller weigh up to six hundred grams. Such a hammer can be used by carpenters and roofers. The uniqueness of the variety is given by a nail puller located at one end of the hammer. On the other side is a round convex striker.
The hammer does its job well. It is most convenient for them to pull out previously clogged nails. His help is invaluable when dismantling wooden skirting boards, bars, boards, logs, and other wood products connected with nails. Convenience and practicality when using a nail puller are manifested during the construction of the crate and the installation of bituminous tiles.
A nail puller can be a solid metal mallet with a rubber handle or a plastic surface where it grips. There are also wooden or plastic handles, but they wear out faster. Integrity allows the tool to work for a long time.
Where mallets are used
Mallets - lightweight hammers. They are made of wood or rubber and are used in cases where it is necessary to check the quality of the work performed in order to eliminate defects in time. For example, to determine the adhesion strength of the tile layer with the base with a rubber mallet, to identify and eliminate voids, to trim the row. He gained great popularity when working with paving slabs.
It is clear that rubber hammers are used when brittle materials are involved. Mainly to prevent the formation of defects on the surface of the base material, products.
The wooden variety is used in molding work, leveling the resulting dents and bumps on the surface of metal sheets. Interest in this type of tool increases when it becomes obvious that making a hammer with your own hands is not particularly difficult.
There are some simple tips for those who want to work with different hammers. You should always choose the tool that best suits the job. A good choice will contribute to good speed in carrying out the work and of course guarantees high-quality performance.
The hammer is not a toy. It can become dangerous in the hands of an amateur. When working with it, you must take into account and observe the safety rules:
- do not play with a hammer;
- do not use a broken tool;
- do not work with species containing chips and cracks.
Photo of hammers
Loading...