Do-it-yourself water supply of a private house: rules for arrangement and the best schemes. Autonomous water supply and water supply system in the house Autonomous water supply in a private house

In this article, the dear reader and I will have to find out how autonomous water supply of a country house can be implemented. We will get acquainted with the water supply schemes used for different water sources, and with the equipment and materials necessary for their implementation. Let's get started.

Water sources

Water supply to the house can be organized:

From the well. The obvious advantage of this solution is its low cost and the ability to implement the project with your own hands from start to finish (see). An equally obvious drawback is that drinking-quality water is quite rare in the upper aquifers;

From the well. Lower aquifers tend to produce water with minimal contamination. Alas, this is an expensive undertaking (driving a linear meter of its shaft costs from 2 to 4 thousand rubles, depending on the type of soil);

From a container. The tank can be filled with imported water or country water supply with water supply according to the schedule. The latter scheme is typical for many garden cooperatives in the warm regions of the country.

Schemes and equipment for cold water

What will the autonomous water supply of the house look like in each of the described cases?

Well

Conditions: the depth of the water mirror does not exceed 8 meters.

Equipment:

Image	Description
	. This is the name of a set of centrifugal surface pumps installed on one frame, a relay for its power supply with a pressure sensor and a hydraulic accumulator. The pump turns on when the pressure in the membrane tank drops below the critical level (usually 1.5 kgf / cm2), and turns off after it reaches the upper set value (3 - 6 kgf / cm2). When the water flow is low, the pump is idle, and the excess pressure is provided by compressed air in the accumulator. The station is selected by pressure (it must exceed the height of the upper point of the water intake above the pump by at least 15 meters) and by productivity (it must be at least equal to the peak water flow through all simultaneously used devices).
	The suction pipe is a rigid pipe through which the pump draws water from the well.
	Non-return valve that prevents the discharge of water from the membrane tank through the suction pipe when the pump is off.
	Water supply inlet connecting the pumping station to the internal water supply.
	Mechanical filter that purifies water from suspensions. Modern plumbing (primarily ceramic faucets and cartridges of single-lever faucets) really does not like sand and other debris in the water supply: a grain of sand caught between the water-blocking plates can disable them.

Please note: the maximum suction depth (those same 8 meters) is in no way related to the power and performance of the pump and is the same for all models on the market. The restriction is imposed by ... atmospheric pressure: it is it that displaces water into the suction pipe when a vacuum is created in it. Under ideal conditions (with absolute vacuum in the pipe), the height of the water column cannot exceed 10 meters.

Scheme: the pumping station is installed in an insulated house above the well or in a warm room at home (with a short distance to the well). The non-return valve is mounted at the end of the suction pipe, the coarse filter - at the water supply inlet.

Please note: with a large amount of suspension in the water, the filter can be installed on the suction pipe, in front of the non-return valve. However, in this case, the nozzle will have to be periodically raised to clean the filter.

Well

How to implement autonomous water supply in a house if a well (see) or a well more than 8 meters deep acts as a water source?

Equipment:

Image	Description
	. The pressure it creates must be at least 15 meters higher than the difference in height between the water intake point and the upper draw-off point. With a significant length of the water supply inlet, an additional coefficient of 1.2 is used in the calculations, which is necessary to compensate for the hydraulic resistance of the pipe.
	Non-return valve to prevent the loss of water raised by the pump.
	Power relay with pressure sensor. It turns the pump on and off when the lower and upper pressure thresholds in the water supply system are reached.
	Hydraulic accumulator. It acts as a buffer, eliminating pressure surges during pump operation.
	Mechanical cleaning filter. It again protects the water supply from suspensions and debris.

Scheme: a pump with a check valve installed on the outlet pipe is immersed in the well. The water supply inlet is laid below the level of soil freezing. The accumulator and pressure switch are mounted at the inlet or at any other point in the water supply.

Capacity

How to organize an autonomous water supply for a summer house or a house from a storage tank?

Gravity water supply

Equipment:

Image	Description
	Storage tank. In this role, plastic (polyethylene or polypropylene) containers for drinking water are usually used. They are usually equipped with a filler hatch and one or two pipes for connecting to the water supply.
	Float filling valve. It is needed if the container is filled from a summer water supply with periodic water supply. The valve allows you to automate the filling of the tank.
	Shut-off valve (usually ball valve). It allows you to drain the water supply for plumbing repairs without dumping the storage tank.
	Check valve. It is needed if the container is used as a backup source of water, and excludes its filling through the drain pipe.

Scheme: the container is installed in the attic of the house, or under the ceiling of a residential floor. It is filled when water is supplied to the summer water supply or (if imported water is used) using a pump. Water is supplied to the water supply by gravity through the drain pipe at the bottom of the tank.

Please note: a scheme with a buffer tank and gravity water supply can also be used if you have your own water source - a well or a well. Its main advantage is complete energy independence (of course, after filling the tank): even with a long power outage, the owner of the house will not have to do without water.

Gravity autonomous water supply in the country is more than appropriate, but in a private house such a scheme is somewhat inconvenient:

The water pressure is limited by the installation height of the tank;

Reference: household appliances (washing machines, water heaters, dishwashers) operate at a pressure in the water supply system of at least 0.3 kgf / cm2. It corresponds to the pressure created by a water column 3 meters high.

The tank can only be installed in a warm room. In a cold attic, water will freeze during the first night frosts;
The water supply in the tank is limited by the strength of the floor beams.

It is curious: gravity water supply to the water supply system has been used for many years to provide water supply to apartment buildings and even entire settlements. Buffer tanks in water towers were filled with water from any local source - a well or a water intake from an open reservoir. Now this water supply system has been practically superseded by pumping stations.

Water supply by pump

All the disadvantages described above are deprived of autonomous water supply in a private house with water supplied from a storage tank by a pumping station. To implement this scheme, you need the pumping station itself, a float valve, a water tank (its volume is limited only by the size of the room allocated for the water reserve in the basement or basement) and a pair of check valves.

Scheme: the container is filled through the float valve or (if the water is imported) through the filler hatch. The input of the pumping station is connected to the drain pipe of the tank. Check valves are placed on the outlet pipe of the pump (the valve does not allow the container to be filled through the drain), and between the tie-ins of the container and the pump into the water supply.

Captain Evidence suggests: this scheme can also be used as a backup source of water in a house with its centralized supply.

How does it work:

At normal pressure in the main water supply, the check valve on the outlet pipe of the pump is activated. The second valve is open. Water enters the internal water supply and fills the tank through the float valve;
After filling the tank, the float valve shuts off the water, but it continues to flow into the water supply;
When the pressure drops below the threshold of the pressure switch of the pumping station, the pump turns on. The check valve at its outlet opens. The second valve is closed and excludes the discharge of water into the water supply line. Until the inlet pressure stabilizes, the house is fed with water from the tank.

Schemes and equipment for hot water supply

What equipment is needed to provide the house with hot water? Here is a description of the most popular solutions.

electric boiler

Device: heat-insulated tank with heating element and thermostat.

Advantages:

A small load on the wiring (the power of the heating elements lies in the range of 1-3 kilowatts);
Stable water temperature;
Possibility of precise temperature control.

Flaws:

High cost per kilowatt-hour of heat;

Captain Evidence suggests: all electric heaters have an efficiency of 100% (minus heat loss through the hull). To get a kilowatt-hour of heat, you need to spend exactly the same amount of electricity.

Heat loss through the thermal insulation of the tank: the boiler periodically turns on the heating elements for heating water even in the absence of its consumption;
Energy dependence. If you turn off the light, hot water will quickly run out.

Connection: the boiler inlet is fed from the cold water supply, the outlet is connected to the DHW distribution. A safety group is installed at the inlet, consisting of a check valve and a safety valve. The non-return valve excludes the discharge of heated water during cold water shutdowns, and the safety valve prevents a dangerous increase in pressure in the tank and water supply due to thermal expansion of water.

Indirect heating boiler

Device: a heat-insulated tank with a heat exchanger and branch pipes for connection to cold water, hot water and heating systems.

Advantages: connects to any type of heating boiler. Allows to realize non-volatile (without use of the electric power) preparation of hot water. The cost of a kilowatt-hour of heat is determined only by the type of fuel used.

Connection:

A small volume indirect heater is connected to the water supply in the same way as an electric boiler;
With a volume of more than 150 liters, the safety valve is replaced by an expansion tank. It also solves the problem of thermal expansion of water, but in a different way: it does not dump water into the drain, but accommodates its excess by compressing air;

The boiler is connected to the heating system in parallel with the heating circuit. In the warm season, the batteries are turned off, and the coolant circulates between the heat exchangers of the boiler and the boiler.

Geyser, double-circuit boiler

Device: geyser - a flowing water heater that uses the heat of combustion of gas. Adjustment of its supply is carried out by a thermostat - mechanical or electric.

A double-circuit boiler combines heating work with the preparation of hot water in an additional heat exchanger (separate or coaxial).

Advantages:

Use of the cheapest source of heat - main gas;
The compactness of the water heater;
Models with piezo ignition and a mechanical thermostat have non-volatility.

Disadvantage: low accuracy of temperature control for devices with a mechanical thermostat. Trying to take a warm shower becomes a continuous battle with the mixer taps.

Connection: in the gap between hot and cold water pipes. Of the additional fittings, only taps that cut off the column or boiler, and a mechanical filter on the inlet pipe can be installed.

However: if there is a filter at the water supply inlet, the make-up water does not require additional purification.

Pipe selection

What pipes can be used to distribute water from an autonomous source around the house?

According to SP 30.13330.2012, pipes for internal water supply must:

Serve for at least 50 years at a temperature of +20°C;
Serve at least 25 years on hot water with a temperature of + 75 ° C;
Have a constant hydraulic resistance throughout its service life.

This instruction immediately excludes from the list of applicants the steel pipes familiar to us in Soviet-built houses: according to VSN 58-88, they must be replaced in 10-15 years.

In addition: the fouling of the inner surface of the pipe walls with deposits and rust reduces the clearance of the water pipe and significantly increases its hydraulic resistance.

What's in the dry matter?

Copper

Mounting methods:

On solder socket joints. After flux treatment and heating of the parts to be joined with a torch, the solder fills the gap between the parts due to the manifestation of the capillary effect. Soldering provides an absolutely tight connection that does not require maintenance and perfectly tolerates temperature fluctuations (see);

On compression fittings. When tightening the union nut, the pipe is crimped with a copper or brass sealing ring. The tightness is ensured by the deformation of the ductile metal;

On press fittings. The pipe is compressed by a deformable coupling with an O-ring seal.

Advantages:

Durability. The oldest operating copper water pipes have been performing their functions for the second century;
Plasticity, which allows you to perform turns of the water supply without fittings, due to bending the pipe;

By the way: due to the plasticity of the metal, copper plumbing can withstand 4- or 5-fold defrosting without breaking the tightness.

Heat resistance of pipes and joints;
The highest tensile strength (up to 240 atmospheres);
Bactericidal properties of copper.

Disadvantage: high cost (for a diameter of 15 mm - 300 or more rubles per meter).

Corrugated stainless steel

Installation method: compression fitting connections. The strength of the connection is ensured by the corrugation of a thin-walled pipe.

Advantages:

Exceptional pipe flexibility, which allows bending with a turning radius equal to the diameter of the water pipe;

Unlimited service life of the water supply;

However: 30 years after its installation, the owner will have to change the silicone rings in the fittings.

Tensile strength (up to 210 atmospheres);
Heat resistance of the pipes themselves and silicone seals of the fittings (up to 150°C);

Please note: the heat resistance and strength of metal pipes are clearly excessive for autonomous water supply with its parameters completely controlled by the owner.

Extreme ease of installation of connections. The fitting is mounted with two adjustable wrenches in 30 seconds;

Low material consumption (the wall thickness of the pipe is only 0.3 mm) and, as a result, a fairly affordable price (from 105 rubles per meter for a diameter of 15 mm).

Disadvantage: high hydraulic resistance due to wall corrugation.

Polypropylene

Mounting method: socket welded joints. The fitting and pipe are melted on the nozzle of the soldering iron and connected. Thanks to molecular diffusion, the material of the parts is reliably welded, forming a joint that is almost as strong as a solid pipe (see).

An important point: reinforced pipes are often used for hot water supply. Reinforcement reduces the elongation of straight sections of the water pipe when heated. Reinforcement with aluminum foil before welding is cleaned in the area of the connection: otherwise, electrochemical corrosion of the foil can lead to delamination of the wall.

Advantages:

The lowest price of pipes and fittings among all materials (from 20 rubles per meter of pipe and from 3 rubles per fitting);
Minimum weight (polypropylene has the lowest density among all plastics at 0.93 g / cm3);
Durability (not less than 50 years in cold water and not less than 25 in hot water);
Simplicity and high speed of installation of connections.

Flaws:

Significant elongation of pipes when they are heated. It has to be compensated by U-shaped or annular bends of spills and risers. At the same time, the pipe clamps closest to the compensators must be sliding;

The drop in tensile strength when heated. The PN 25 pipe is designed for 25 atmospheres at +20°C, but when heated to +75 degrees, its tensile strength drops to 10-12 atmospheres. The service life of the water supply system is proportionally reduced;
Delivery of pipes in straight lengths of small length (standard - 2 meters), increasing the total number of connections.

PEX and PERT

These are the designations of two types of polyethylene - cross-linked (with cross-links between polymer molecules) and heat-resistant (with the addition of copolymers that increase resistance to heat).

Mounting methods:

Image	Description
	On fittings with sleeves fixing the pipe. The fitting uses the exotic property of PEX pipe - shape memory - and is used only with it.
	On compression fittings with union and union nut. Applies to both types of pipes.
	On fittings for socket welding. Applies to PERT pipes.

Advantages:

Heat resistance (70-110 degrees depending on the degree of PEX crosslinking and the amount of modifying additives in the case of PERT);
Flexibility, allowing bends with a small radius;
Delivery in bays, which means the minimum number of fittings.

It is curious: pipes made of modified polyethylene are used mainly for collector water distribution with hidden pipe laying. The large length of the bay (from 50 to 200 meters) makes it possible to bring all serviced connections beyond the screed or strobe.

Disadvantage: expensive tool for mounting PEX on fittings.

metal-plastic

Metal-plastic pipes are called pipes with an aluminum core, inside and out covered with cross-linked or heat-resistant polyethylene. The core increases the tensile strength of the pipe and its rigidity with respect to deforming loads.

Installation: on compression and press fittings. In the first case, the pipe is compressed on the fitting by a split ring when the union nut is tightened, in the second case, a stainless steel sleeve deformed by tongs.

Important: before mounting the connection, the pipe must be calibrated. Its end should be smooth and with the internal chamfer removed. Failure to comply with these rules leads to the displacement of the sealing rings from the sockets of the fitting to the fitting body; as a result, the DHW connection leaks after only a few heating and cooling cycles.

Advantages:

Delivery in bays;

Pipe flexibility;
Simple installation of connections.

Disadvantage: bending creases with a small radius.

Conclusion

We hope that our material will help the reader to choose the optimal water supply scheme for his conditions. The video in this article will tell you more about how autonomous water supply for home and garden can be implemented. Good luck!

Autonomous water supply - a system of engineering communications and special equipment for supplying a private house with drinking and technical water where it is not possible to connect to a stationary central water supply network. Such a system, designed to supply drinking water to the house, includes:

well or well;
submersible pump of high power and productivity;
a hydraulic accumulator to control the operation of the pump and maintain a stable pressure in the system;
water mains with collectors and wiring;
water treatment filters (not required for service water supply system);
water heating unit for organizing hot water supply.

The source of clean water without impurities of clay, lime, iron oxide and copper is a well with a depth of up to 50 meters or more (depending on the occurrence of aquifers), which provides natural water purification (layers of loam and pebbles) or cleaning with replaceable filters. The well can be insulated for all-season use, operates without maintenance for up to 7 years and provides a constant supply of water up to 500 liters.

The principle of operation of an autonomous water supply system:

the pump pumps water into the reservoir of the accumulator to the set value on the pressure switch;
water injection stops;
as water is consumed, the pressure drops, the pump turns on and replenishes the water supply in the tank.

The pump can be turned on manually (budget system), or a water pressure control system in the tank (relay) can be installed, which will control the process automatically. It is profitable to design, install and launch an autonomous water supply in your private house, cottage or dacha in Moscow and the Moscow region, specialists from Vodavod are ready.

Our prices

More details about the cost are written in the price list:

What do you get for this price

Turnkey system:

Hot and cold water supply;
Water heater for 80 liters;
Hydraulic accumulator for 100 liters;
Heating cable;
The ability to "mothball" the entire system;
Time-tested materials from the best manufacturers (Italy, Serbia, Denmark, Spain, Turkey);
The cost also includes consumables and shipping.

Total turnkey cost: 89,880 rubles.

Cost of work

№	Name	Unit rev.	Quantity	Final price, rub.
1	Installation of pumping equipment	PCS.	1	12 000
2	Earthworks (trench 1.5-1.6 m deep)	m.	5	7 000
3	Installation of a drain valve in a well	PCS.	1	1 000
4	Making a hole for pipe 32	PCS.	2	1 000
5	Cable installation in corrugation	m.	5	500
6	Installation of the water supply line	m.	5	500
7	Heating cable installation	PCS.	1	1 000
8	Installation of a coarse filter	PCS.	1	500
9	Installation of an eyeliner to a water supply point (for one device)	PCS.	1	2 000
10	Water heater and plumbing installation	PCS.	1	2 800

Total cost of work: 28,300 rubles.

Cost of materials

№	Name	Unit rev.	Quantity	Final price, rub.
1	Pump well Grunfos SBA 3-35A	PCS.	1	21 000
2	Cable stainless D3 mm, 630 kg	m.	10	500
3	Cable clamp 3mm, (DIN741)	PCS.	4	240
4	Underwater cable for drinking water 3x1.5 mm 2	m.	15	1000
5	Hydroseal	PCS.	1	500
6	Corrugation	m.	15	500
7	CYKLON Pressure pipe PE100 DN32x2.4 PN12.5 SDR 13.6	m.	10	1 000
8	Kalde d=20x4.4 (PN 20) Reinforced polypropylene pipe (fiberglass)	m.	10	650
9	Flexible hose 1"	PCS.	1	1 000
10	Itap IDEAL 091 1"	PCS.	2	2 200
11	Cable heating vnutr. with gland 4m (Spain)	PCS.	1	4 800
12	Energoflex Thermal insulation SUPER 35/9mm (2m)	m.	4	200
13	Itap IDEAL 091 3/4"	PCS.	2	900
14	AquaFilter AQM Housing 10" inlet 3/4" FHPR1-B filter assembly (cartridge, wrench, bracket)	PCS.	1	1 500
15	Gorenje TG 80 NB6 vertical storage water heater, mounted. Casing metal	PCS.	1	9 600
16	Hydraulic accumulator Model 100 l for water supply vertical (color blue)	PCS.	1	6 000
17	Axial pressure gauge 50mm, 0-6 bar	PCS.	1	600
18	Itap 110 1" 5-way distributor for pumps and tanks	PCS.	1	700
19	Watts PA 5 MI Pressure switch 1-5 bar	PCS.	1	1 200
20	Socket w.protect.	PCS.	1	400
21	fork	PCS.	1	200
22	Expendable materials	PCS.	1	2 000
23	Set of polypropylene fittings	PCS.	1	1 890
24	Delivery of materials*	PCS.	1	3 000

Total cost of materials: 61,580 rubles.

Features of autonomous water supply systems

We design autonomous water supply of a private house taking into account the operating conditions of the system and offer two installation options - for summer (seasonal) and year-round use.

Seasonal (summer or temporary) water supply system involves:

ground laying of aquifers or laying pipes in shallow trenches;
serial connection of the system;
conservation for the winter without forced draining;
installation of hydroaccumulator tanks without insulation.

Pumps are installed if necessary, a caisson is not equipped, basement drilling is not carried out. Such a system is economical and requires minimal costs, but is functional only in private houses, cottages and summer cottages, if the owners live in them only in the warm season. When cold weather sets in, water is drained from the system, communications are disassembled and stored in a protected place.

All-weather (winter) water supply system requires:

earthworks and deep laying of pipe communications (below the level of soil freezing);
installation of a hydraulic accumulator inside the house, insulation of connections and the tank itself (installation of insulating boxes or a heating system is possible);
installation of several cascade pumps to maintain maximum pressure in the system;
installation of internal wiring and collector combs;
obligatory installation of conservation elements (draining water from the system through electromagnetic drain cocks).

System installation

Installation work during the construction of an autonomous water supply system is carried out by our specialists on a turnkey basis. The full range of works includes:

drilling a well with rotary or auger drills with strengthening, backfilling and arrangement;
installation of a surface pumping station in a box above the well or a caisson in a specially dug and concreted trench up to 2 meters deep;
digging trenches (depth up to 1.5 meters) and installation of pipe communications;
equipment of the surface soil system (protection from the cold);
installation of water treatment filters (cleaning from mechanical, manganese, ferrous impurities).

Works are carried out consistently and in strict accordance with building standards. The price for autonomous water supply in Moscow depends on the depth and complexity of drilling a well, the need to use heavy drilling and earthmoving equipment, the type of water supply system (summer / winter), the need to install a caisson, the cost of casing and pumping equipment.

Autonomous water supply of a private house from VodaVod

Prepayment of everything
10% of the cost
materials
Own
car park
Minimum
terms
Free departure
engineer
Democratic
prices
Materials of the best
manufacturers

The Vodavod.msk company has been operating in the metropolitan market for the design, construction and maintenance of engineering water supply and sanitation systems since 2013 and performs professional installation of autonomous water supply in a private house on a turnkey basis.

We offer customers:

services of certified engineers and installation specialists with 10 years of experience;
own fleet of specialized construction machines;
free departure of an engineer to the facility for measurements and consultations;
modern technologies and practice-tested ready-made technical solutions of any complexity;
selection, acquisition and use of the highest quality equipment and the best structural materials;
performing a full range of installation on their own;
minimum terms of performance of work (1-3 days) and compliance with the approved cost estimate;
prepayment of only 10% of the cost of materials and full payment only after the successful launch of the autonomous water supply system;
2-year warranty for the operation of the finished engineering system and a passport for the well.

In order for the water supply system to be able to provide maximum comfort to residents, it is necessary to take into account many nuances, correctly calculate all operating parameters and engineering units. It is highly desirable to start development at the stage of an architectural project.

Bringing ideas to life and equipping the water supply of a private house with your own hands should, if not a professional, then a person who has delved into all the subtleties.

We will help you understand the principles of operation of an autonomous system, designate the device of various sources of water intake and provide recommendations on the choice of equipment. Step-by-step instructions for arranging water supply are supplemented with visual images and video clips.

The water supply system is one of the most important elements in home improvement. The essence of its work lies in the automated supply of the required volume of water, for which the user now only needs to start the equipment, and then simply control it periodically.

An autonomous network independent of the central water supply must be correctly designed and calculated in order for the house to be fully supplied with water according to the needs of the owners. It is necessary to organize the system so that water flows freely to all water intake points.

Image Gallery

Arrangement of capturing chambers when using a spring

The device of a protective structure above the spring differs little from the design of the well. In them, water can also flow through the bottom or walls, which are equipped with filters. In rocks, filtration is not required.

If suspended particles are present in the water, then the chamber is divided in half by a partition, one compartment is used for settling and cleaning from sediment, the other for water intake.

To exit excess water at the highest debit of the source, an overflow pipe is provided in the chamber wall. At its end, a valve is installed that allows water to pass through, but prevents debris and rodents from entering the spring.

Equipment for automatic water supply

The choice of a method for arranging and installing a water supply system for a country house begins with an assessment of the type of water intake structure, its depth and other characteristics.

The automated system includes:

pump or finished pumping station;
filtration system for water purification;
storage and control capacity;
external and internal pipeline;
devices for automatic control.

When installing tanks and pumps, the requirements of the equipment manufacturers must be strictly observed.

Regulating and storage tanks for water

Water storage tanks are distinguished according to the principle of operation:

Non-pressure leaky tank. It is made mainly from polymeric materials. Helps create pressure by placing it at the highest point of the system. The higher the storage tank is installed, the greater the water pressure will be in the system. Raising the container for each meter increases the pressure by 0.1 atmosphere.
hydropneumatic tank. Inside it is divided into two compartments by a membrane. It creates pressure thanks to compressed air in one compartment, which through a rubber membrane exerts pressure on water in an adjacent compartment.

A non-pressure tank is installed in a lighted ventilated room, the temperature of which does not drop to negative values. Trays are installed under the tank to protect against small leaks. The tank is provided with a removable lid and equipped with shutoff valves.

One of the characteristics of the operation of pumping equipment is the frequency of switching on the system per unit of time. This indicator is fundamental in choosing a hydraulic accumulator. For submersible pumps, the allowable interval between switching on is longer than for surface pumps. They are supposed to turn on less often, which means that the hydraulic tank should be larger.

To work in tandem with surface pumps, membrane tanks with a capacity of 12 to 24 liters are most often bought. If there are power outages in the settlement, it is recommended to install a hydraulic accumulator of 250 liters or more so that you can pump in and store a reserve supply of water for some time.

Hydraulic accumulators are placed in chambers underground, in basements, utility rooms, in which the temperature does not drop below zero.

In a system with a non-pressure storage tank, the water supply process is automated using a float valve and an on and off sensor

Purification of tap water from impurities

When choosing water-lifting equipment, consider:

Source flow rate. It should exceed the water consumption in the house.
Type of intake structure and depth of the aquifer. For pumping out from sources up to 8 m deep, surface centrifugal pumps are used. They are placed in the basement or separate rooms of private houses, in underground chambers or mine wells. Pumping water from great depths is carried out by means of powerful submersible pumps.
Required pressure in the system. The head of the pumping unit is determined by summing up the values (in meters): the height of the rise from the (dynamic) water level in the well to the highest located plumbing fixture, the pressure loss when reaching the highest point, the required pressure at this point.
Estimated water consumption. Calculated based on the number of plumbing points and the number of residents. This indicator influences the choice of equipment performance.

It is difficult, but realistic, to design the water supply of a private house and mount an effective system on your own. The article provides recommendations for arranging a water source, connecting pumps and laying a pipeline. Also here you can find useful tips on the selection of materials and equipment for solving these problems.

Centralized and autonomous systems

The water supply system of a private house can be either centralized or autonomous. Both options have their own characteristics.

For a centralized system:

Connecting to a source. Water comes from a water main, fed either from a pumping station or from a water tower.

System pressure. The pressure in the pipelines is provided automatically, i.e. we do not need to install additional pumping equipment.
Dependence on extraneous circumstances. The system turns out to be completely dependent on external factors: in the event of a breakdown or shutdown of the central pumps or a break in the main line, the house will be left without water. Perhaps for a long time.

Water treatment. When water enters the central water supply system, it undergoes purification - removal of mechanical particles, impurities, demineralization, disinfection.

The quality of this purification can be very different, therefore, in most cases, additional purification is required.

For an autonomous system:

Connecting to a source. A well or well acts as a source (depending on the location of the aquifer).
Pressure in the system and dependence on external factors. Transportation of water in the system is provided by pumping equipment, which we need to install and maintain ourselves. This makes the water supply dependent on the presence of mains voltage, so it is desirable to have a backup power supply system powered by a generator.

Water treatment. It is necessary to take care of cleaning yourself: sometimes the initial quality of the water does not allow it to be used for drinking and cooking.

There are also financial differences.. When using a centralized system, we will only have to purchase pipes and valves, but we will have to pay monthly for water supply services. You do not need to pay for using an autonomous system, but you will have to buy quite expensive pumping equipment and spend money on arranging a well / well. As a result, the autonomous system will pay off in at least a few years.

What water system for a private house will be optimal?

if possible, it is easier to connect to a centralized water supply system. Even with a monthly payment, the costs will be much lower;
if not possible, you will have to make an autonomous system. Labor, time and financial costs will be higher by an order of magnitude. But, having worked once, we can provide the house with water for several decades.

Water sources

How to dig a well

So, let's say we need to equip the water source ourselves. The easiest solution is to dig a well. This decision is justified if the aquifer within the site is at a level of 4 - 15 meters and has sufficient power.

Well benefits:

relatively small labor costs;
the possibility of manual lifting of water during a power outage;
low cost of pumping equipment;
service life - 50 years or more.

Well Disadvantages:

groundwater with particles of soil and silt can penetrate into the well. This leads to a decrease in water quality;
to avoid silting, the well must be cleaned regularly;
The water level depends on the season, so shallow springs can dry up in hot weather.

Instructions for digging and arranging a well will be as follows:

	Digging a pit. In the selected place, we apply markings under the well itself and under the platform along its perimeter. Then we dig a pit with a depth of about 2 - 2.5 m.
	Installation of a log house or rings. In the dug pit we lower either the first crowns of a wooden frame, or the first ring, which will strengthen the walls of the well. We gradually deepen the bottom of the pit under the base of the log house or concrete ring, lowering them lower and lower. As the products are lowered, we build up the structure from above, adding new crowns or installing the following rings. After the design depth is reached, we seal the joints between the rings.
	Arrangement of the aquifer. When we reach a layer containing a large amount of water, we will need to go deeper by about 1 - 1.5 m. To sample wet soil, we use a box of tightly fitted boards, which we install at the bottom of the pit. We select the soil from the box and lift it up with buckets.
	Filter arrangement. At the bottom of the pit, we fill in layers with washed coarse sand, gravel and crushed stone or pebbles. These materials will provide water drainage and trapping of clay and silt particles. On top of the drainage layer we lay a shield of aspen boards knocked down with small gaps. The presence of such a shield also contributes to the improvement of water quality.
	Surface work. Along the perimeter of the well, we dig a pit with a diameter of about 2 m and a depth of up to 60 cm. We lay a layer of clay on the bottom of the pit, which we carefully tamp - this “clay castle” will protect the well from reverse filtration of spilled water. On top of the clay castle we arrange a roll-up from a slab or a concrete screed. On top of the screed, you can lay paving slabs or asphalt the site.

The upper part of the well is designed in different ways:

you can install a decorative house with a roof, fixing a gate in it for manually raising water;
you can equip a hidden caisson (pit) or a surface house for a pumping station.

The option with a decorative house is suitable not only for the gate, but also for installing a submersible pump. But it is desirable to place the surface pump in a separate building (underground caisson, ground booth). You can also install a pumping station in the house - then it will be enough to lay a pipe or hose to the head of the well.

How to drill a well

Water supply to the house from a well is also possible.

Well advantages:

stable volume of water with relatively small seasonal fluctuations;
high water quality;
no need for regular maintenance.

Well Disadvantages:

expensive and complex drilling, almost always with the use of professional equipment;
shorter than that of a well, the service life (for wells "on sand");
the need to use expensive well pumps.

Water supply in a private house is usually carried out on the basis of two types of wells:

Well "on the sand". Depth from 15 to 40-50 m, service life - from 8 to 20 years. Such a well can be drilled manually by finding the aquifer empirically. For lifting and supplying water, the installation of pumping equipment is required. Water may contain sand and clay particles, therefore it requires additional purification.
Artesian well. The depth can reach 150 m, the service life is up to 50 years with proper arrangement and operation. The rise of water is carried out due to its own pressure, pumps are used mainly for transportation. It is drilled exclusively by machine with mandatory registration and registration of the well passport.

As a rule, drilling a well until the desired water level is reached is done by professionals. However, if the water carrier is not deep, then you can do the work yourself:

	Preliminary work. In the selected place, we dig a pit for installing a caisson or mounting a well head. We install a tripod on which the guide rods will rest.
	Screw drilling. Using an auger drill, we deepen the well, raking the excavated soil from the neck. Periodically remove the tool, cleaning its blades from adhering material. With manual drilling, work can be facilitated by extending the handles of the drill with "shoulders" made of steel pipes 1.5 - 2 m long.
	Casing installation. As we deepen, we install a well with plastic or metal casing pipes (the diameter should allow free movement of the drill). We connect the parts of the casing string with each other either by threading or by welding.
	Completion of work. Drilling continues until the complete passage of the aquifer. After reaching the design depth, we expand the lower part of the well and flush it with a submersible pump to remove sand, clay particles and silt. In the lower part we equip a gravel filter or install a special filter pipe with mesh walls.

A properly drilled and equipped well can provide an uninterrupted supply of water for your home's water supply system.

Connecting pumping equipment

Installing a well pump

To deliver water from a well or well to points of consumption, it is necessary to install pumping equipment. We begin the description of the process with the installation of well pumps.

For a well, you can use the following types of pumps:

Deep pump (submersible). The pump part is located in the water in a suspended state (on a cable or nylon cord). The pump is connected to the surface with a water supply hose and a power cable.

Surface pump or pumping station. The pumping equipment itself is located on the surface (in the pit-caisson or in the house). A hose with a filter is lowered to the depth of the aquifer, above which a check valve is usually mounted. The presence of a check valve prevents the movement of water by gravity back into the well and facilitates pumping when the pump is turned off.

As a rule, submersible well pumps are used mainly for household needs. Water supply systems for private households are almost always built on the basis of a pumping station.

The main elements of the unit:

centrifugal pump with automatic on/off system;
hydraulic accumulator - a tank divided into several sections by a membrane. The presence of a tank allows you to maintain a constant pressure in the system due to the gradual filling with water;

Other advantages of the tank include compensation for water hammer and energy savings due to the rarer inclusion of pumping automation. The larger the volume of the accumulator, the lower will be the wear of the equipment.

pressure switch that controls the inclusion of automation;
measuring devices.

The system is assembled like this:

The pumping station is being installed. A concrete or brick podium is used as a base. We put a rubber mat under the device to compensate for vibrations.
A water supply hose from a well is connected to the pump. At the connection point, you can install a simple mesh filter for pre-cleaning.

The outlet pipe is connected. In the future, on its basis, we will do wiring around the house.
Automation is being set up. To do this, about 2 liters of water are poured into the pump through the technological hole and the unit is turned on. The system is regulated in such a way that automatic shutdown occurs at a pressure of about 2.5 -3 bar, and start-up - 1.5 - 1.8 bar.

Installing the pump in the well

If the water source is a well, then a submersible well pump acts as the main equipment. Such devices are characterized by a combination of high power with a relatively small diameter, therefore they are quite expensive.

The pump is connected to a hose and a power cable, after which it is lowered into the well on a cable:

	Depth determination. The level of the water table is determined according to the passport, if possible, controlling it with the help of a weight on the cord. We calculate the submersion level of the pump in such a way that the suction part is at least 1 m below the minimum dynamic level and at a distance of 1 to 3 m from the bottom. In artesian wells, the optimal level is considered to be 2/3 of the depth of the aquifer - approximately at the level of the lower edge of the casing.
	Preparation for installation. In accordance with the length obtained, we measure the hose and cable, which we connect with each other with plastic clamps every 3-4 meters. We attach the cable with the hose to the pump.
	Hanging system installation. We fix a steel cable or a nylon cord (at least a fivefold margin of safety is needed) on the pump housing. We lower the equipment into the well. With a small installation depth, we fasten a cable or cord on a suspension from a rubber band folded several times. This damper will dampen vibrations.
	Header installation. We fix the head on top of the casing pipe. We tie a cable or suspension cord to the eyebolt at the bottom of the head cover. The hose and power cable are brought out through the central hole of the head, after which we tighten the bolts, sealing the structure.

Plumbing

How to do piping

Water supply at home can be based on any source, but the efficiency of the system depends on how correctly we lay the pipes. For a country house, products made of metal-plastic, polypropylene or polyethylene are usually used, which are connected either using fittings or by welding.

The general algorithm for laying pipes includes the following operations:

Supply pipe installation. From the house to the pit, we dig a trench with the head of a well or a caisson with pumping equipment. The depth of the trench should be from 1.5 to 2 m, which will prevent the water pipe from freezing in winter.

Additional measures to protect against freezing are the thermal insulation of the pipe using polystyrene or polyurethane casings, as well as the laying of active heating cables.

Registration of entrance to the room. We make a hole in the foundation or plinth, into which we insert a metal sleeve with a diameter greater than the diameter of the pipe. Through the sleeve, which will provide protection against deformation during subsidence of the building, we lead the pipe into the room. Carefully hole.

Preparing for plumbing installation. On the walls we apply markings for laying pipes. In case of open installation, we fix brackets on the bearing surfaces on which the pipes will be fixed. If hidden installation is planned, we make grooves in the walls using a wall chaser or a puncher with a chisel attachment. We also install brackets for pipes in the strobes.

Plumbing connection. At the entrance to the house, we install a ball valve, to which we attach a collector. We connect the pipes of the water supply system to the collector with our own hands, which we divide into several circuits. This installation scheme allows you to optimize the pressure: when one tap is opened, the pressure in other areas will not drop.

System assembly. We connect metal-plastic pipes to each other using press fittings. We mount polyethylene and polypropylene products by welding, using a special soldering iron for connection. We fix the pipes on the brackets (open or in strobes). We connect stop valves, plumbing fixtures, faucets and other points of consumption.

Before sealing the strobe and performing finishing work, it is advisable to test the system. During the test run, we check the quality of the pipe connection, the operation of the control automation and the operation of the pump that pumps water from the well or well.

How to provide hot water

To ensure the proper level of comfort, it is worth considering the arrangement of a hot water supply system.

In order to be able to wash, wash dishes and take a shower with hot water, we can use a variety of devices:

Hot water boilers- gas or solid fuel. They can be either single-circuit (only for heating water) or double-circuit (hot water supply + heating). To use the system, a separate pipe with cold water is diverted from the collector, connected to the boiler, and a separate hot wiring is already carried out from the boiler.

Storage water heaters. Such a heater is a container from 50 to 100+ liters, inside of which a heating element is located. Water enters the tank, heats up to the desired temperature, after which the heating element is turned on only to maintain the desired degree of heating. As you use the tank is replenished.

Flowing water heaters. They are used either in the smallest country houses without a shower cabin, or in large cottages in separate sections of the piping. The flow heater is mounted on a cold water pipe directly in front of the point of consumption. Heating occurs when the liquid passes through the body of the device with an electric or induction element.

Today we have to analyze some autonomous water supply schemes in a house without a centralized supply of cold water. We will study the main elements of these schemes, their key features and how they work. So, let's go.

Water sources

The autonomous water supply system needs a source of water.

They may be:

Well;
Well;
Country water supply, the water in which is supplied according to the schedule (usually twice a week). This solution is typical for gardening associations, but somewhat inconvenient for domestic use, so we set ourselves the task of organizing round-the-clock water supply to a country house from a storage tank;

Finally, water can be imported. And in this case, we have to provide autonomous water supply to a private house from a tank.

Implementation of water supply

Now let's move on to the actual water supply schemes. To learn more about how autonomous water supply systems are designed, the video in this article will help the reader.

Scheme 1: well or well up to 8 meters deep

This scenario is the simplest: the work comes down to connecting the cold water input to the outlet pipe of the installation for autonomous water supply (pumping station). It is a set of a surface pump, a membrane tank and an automatic relay to control the power supply of the pump depending on the pressure.

Hint: A diaphragm accumulator increases the downtime of the pump with little drawdown and smooths out pressure surges when it is turned on and off. The pressure switch is triggered when the limit parameters set by the manufacturer or the owner are reached (usually the pump turns on at 1.5 kgf / cm2 and turns off at 4.5).

Depending on the depth of the well and the budget of the project, you can choose a device of one of three varieties:

Image	Description
	Membrane (vibrating): the mechanics of the device sets in motion an elastic membrane, forcing water to move through a system of check valves. Advantage - cheapness. Disadvantages - a small overhaul resource due to membrane wear, water pollution with sand and silt due to vibration.
	Vortex: The head is generated by the minimum clearance between the single impeller and the chamber walls. Advantages: compactness, reasonable price, significant resource compared to vibration pumps. Disadvantage: only works with clean water.
	: pressure is provided by working chambers connected in series with water channels with impellers on a common shaft. Advantages: practically unlimited pressure (it is determined by the number of working chambers); the ability to pump contaminated water by increasing the gap between the impellers and the walls of the chambers; durability and fault tolerance. The disadvantage is the high cost.

If you only have to design an autonomous water supply, when choosing a pump, pay attention to two of its parameters:

The pressure at the outlet pipe must be at least 15 meters greater than the difference in height between the water table and the upper draw-off point. Excessive pressure compensates for the hydraulic resistance of pipes and ensures the normal operation of plumbing fixtures;

Performance again should not be less than the peak water flow.

In addition to the pump, the water supply scheme should include:

An input laid in the ground. Usually it is mounted with a polyethylene pressure pipe: polyethylene, due to its elasticity, tolerates soil movements and even freezing of water inside the pipe without damage;

Check valve. It stands on the outlet pipe of the pump and does not allow water to drain into the well or well when it is turned off;

Hydraulic accumulator. We have already discussed its functions. The larger the volume of the membrane tank, the less often the pump will turn on. The pumping pressure of the membrane tank should be slightly higher than the lower threshold of the pressure switch;

Automatic pressure switch. It controls the operation of the pump.

Scheme 3: tank with gravity water supply

This is another extremely simple scheme: autonomous water supply is provided by the difference in height between the storage tank and the draw-off points. The tank is installed in the attic or under the ceiling of a residential floor and is automatically filled when water is supplied to the country water supply.

How does connecting an autonomous water supply to a storage tank look like with your own hands? External water supply is connected to a filler float valve installed under the tank cover (the same as in the toilet bowl).

The internal water supply of the house is cut off from the tank only by a ball valve, which allows it to be dumped for plumbing repairs without losing water.

How to calculate the required capacity? The instruction is very simple: the minimum volume is equal to the product of the maximum interval between water supplies according to the schedule and its daily consumption (an average of 200 liters per person per day). Let's say, for two residents, when water is supplied twice a week, a tank of 200x2x4 \u003d 1600 liters is enough.

The advantage of the solution is obvious: the water supply from the tank is completely non-volatile. If you often turn off the light, this will not affect the water supply.

Alas, such a scheme for autonomous water supply of a private house also has several rather unpleasant drawbacks:

The water supply is limited by the strength of the floors;

For operation in winter, the tank must be installed in a heated room, which in the case of an attic means extra costs;
The solution is not suitable for a one-story house with a flat roof or a garage: there is simply nowhere to place the container in them;
The pressure in a gravity water pipeline is limited by the difference in height between the water level in the storage tank and the draw-off point.

Meanwhile: for the normal operation of household appliances using water (flow heaters, washing machines, etc.), a pressure of at least 3 meters is required.

Scheme 4: tank with a pumping station

The last scheme is deprived of these shortcomings - with the supply of water from a tank by a pumping station already familiar to us. The tank is installed in the basement or basement floor, which makes it possible not to worry about heating it.

The container can be filled:

From the country water supply;
imported water;
Rain water that has been filtered.

Internal plumbing

What pipes to install an autonomous water supply inside the house?

They combine low cost with durability and ease of installation. Their only drawback - limited resistance to overheating and water hammer - is offset by the stability of water supply parameters in an autonomous system.

Conclusion

As you can see, all the proposed schemes are easy to implement and, if there is a source of water, do not require significant costs. Good luck!