3.1. Surface cleaning foundation is carried out before laying the separating layer. The surface of the base is inspected, thoroughly cleaned of debris and foreign deposits, the horizontalness of the base and the correctness of the slopes are checked, if there are cracks in the base, the cracks are expanded and filled with a repair compound, the gaps between the prefabricated slabs are sealed. The base must be clean, solid, free from delamination.
3.2. Making marks. The level of the finished floor is carried out by surveyors using a laser level. In this case, it should be noted that the level of the clean floor must be the same in all rooms of the apartment or part of the floor located between adjacent staircases.
3.3. Seams. In order to prevent the transfer of deformations to the floor screed from the building structures along the walls, around the columns and foundations, insulating joints are arranged by laying insulating material (damper tapes from foamed polyethylene, isolon, isocom) with a thickness of 4-8 mm. to the full height of the screed immediately before laying the mortar.
3.4. Equipment installation. Place for installation of a compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment for the preparation and supply of the mixture, the place of storage of building materials must be specified in the project for the production of works or agreed with the Customer. The required area for placement of equipment and materials is from 30 to 50 m2; A semi-dry screed is prepared directly on the construction site or at the work site.
When preparing a mortar for a screed in a mechanized way using fiberglass, certain requirements are met, the ratio of the volume of sand to the volume of cement, which should be 3: 1, under the strict condition that the washed seeded sand corresponds to a fraction of a particle size of 2-3 mm. Standard pneumatic conveying equipment has a mixing hopper volume of 250 liters, according to the actual volume of the finished mixture 200 liters. The minimum amount of cement per hopper load should not be less than 50 kg (1 standard bag). The water-cement ratio is in the range of 0.34 - 0.45, which corresponds to 17-24 liters of water per hopper load.
Loading sand, cement and water is carried out in two stages. First stage: - first ½ volume of sand is loaded (about 75 kg) and 50 kg bag of cement. Next, 10-12 liters of water and polypropylene fiber are added. The second stage: - the final loading of the operating bunker is carried out with sand about 100 kg and the required amount of water about 7-12 liters, as well as fiber. The consumption of the used polypropylene fiber is about 120 - 150 grams per full bunker load, i.e. per batch at the rate of 700-900 grams per cubic meter of the prepared solution. Fibrin is added with each proportion of water. The fully loaded mass is mixed for at least two minutes. Total time operation of the mixing hopper, taking into account the loading time, is from 4 to 7 minutes.
3.5. Supply of solution to the place of laying. Cooked cement-sand mortar under pressure, in portions through rubber hoses, it is delivered directly to the place of laying and, through a solvent quencher, is laid on the base. On large areas, floor screed is carried out with cards. The size of the map is determined by the performance of the working link, that is, the floor area laid in one work shift. The feeding time of the prepared solution should not exceed 5 minutes. Depending on the type of equipment, feeding can be carried out at a distance of up to 160 meters horizontally and 100 meters in height. If necessary, deliver the solution to a distance of more than 100 meters, the delivery time can take up to 7-15 minutes. At negative temperature outside air not exceeding minus 10 0C, the preparation and supply of the solution is possible with the obligatory device of the so-called "greenhouse" at the installation site of the compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment.
3.6. Installation of lighthouses and laying of cement-sand mortar. The device of beacons is made from a freshly prepared solution with a preliminary alignment with a level without installing guides. After the semi-dry cement-sand mixture (mortar) is supplied to the work site, the entire volume of the prepared map is filled with the mixture. The mixture is pulled out by a screed rule, which is moved with two-sided support on these beacons until flat surface. In the process of work, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the exposed beacons. The leveling of the surface and the installation of beacons is carried out simultaneously, which ensures the uniformity of laying and, in the future, the complete absence of cracks.
3.7. Grinding the surface of the screed. Work on grinding the surface must be started immediately after leveling the mortar and completed before the mortar begins to set within 1.5 - 2 hours from the moment of filing. Surface grinding should be carried out with a trowel equipped with a leveling disc and in special footwear- concrete blocks.
3.8. Cutting expansion joints. To prevent random cracking of the screed during hardening and curing, it is necessary to cut expansion joints, as a result of which the screed cracks in a given direction.
There are three main types of expansion joints:- - Insulating seams
- - Shrink seams
- - Structural seams
Shrink seams it is more expedient to cut in a freshly laid mortar with a special cutter after processing the surface of the mortar with a trowel. The seams must be cut along the axes of the columns and joined with the corners of the seams running along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map formed by the shrinkage joints is, if possible, cut into squares. The length of the card should not exceed the width by more than 1.5 times. The depth of the seam should be 1/3 of the thickness of the screed. The seams allow you to create straight planes of slack in the screed. Obviously, the smaller the map, the less likely the random cracking.
Construction seams are tripled in places where the work on laying the screed of the working link per shift ends. Structural joints work according to the principle of shrinkage and, if possible, should be combined.
Norm DIN-EN 13813 "Screed material and floor screeds - Screed materials - Properties and requirements"
Floor screed technology developed on the cement device sand screed floors from a hard semi-dry mortar, with the addition of polypropylene synthetic fiber, (construction micro-reinforcing fiber - VSM) performed, designed to level the surfaces of the underlying floor element or to give the floor a given slope.
The level of the required thickness, the material, as well as the strength of the floor screed is approved by the project, taking into account what type of floor covering will be carried out, what design of the floors will be used, and on the purpose of the room itself. "Recommendations for the installation of floors", which contain the correct order of the procedures required for the manufacture, as well as the installation of cement-sand rather hard and semi-dry solutions (mixtures), while using a special synthetic origin fiber, which is a screed device and carries out quality control all carried out on this stage works.
When one or another is developed routing, then it is necessary to take into account the existing special requirements that relate to the quality level used in the workflow various tools and materials. There is a whole range of reference manuals that describe all these requirements and instructions.
A developed technique that allows the production and installation of a screed using a special polypropylene fiber of synthetic origin, the latest equipment, produced in Russia and Germany, is used in the most diverse fields of activity:
- in the housing and civil complex;
- in ordinary civil buildings;
- in various production shops;
- when the arrangement of storage facilities is carried out;
- in auto repair shops;
- in exhibition complexes;
- in various multi-storey car parks;
- in thunderstorm terminals, as well as in hangars intended for aircraft;
- in basements and various office space.
2. The process of organizing construction work for floor screed
2.1
. The screed is a monolithic and prefabricated layer relatively quite durable material, which is found in multilayer structures of coatings, as well as floors of buildings.
It is intended to carry out the perception, distribution, and transfer of existing loads, for example: (possible snow cover is taken into account on the roofs, and the presence of a different number of people, equipment and goods on the floors is taken into account), when performing proper leveling of the layer, which is located lower, or in order to give this cover layer necessary structures floors and roofs of a certain slope and when laying finishing coatings on them, for convenient movement of people and equipment on its surface.
2.2. All work that is aimed at installing a screed using a special fiber (meaning VSM - building micro-reinforcing fiber) must be carried out in accordance with the approved requirements after construction and installation work is completed, during which damage to this screed is possible.
2.3 . It is permissible to carry out work on the device of the screed when the ambient temperature is at the level of the floors, as well as at the temperature of the lower layer is not less than 5 0C. The temperature must be maintained throughout the entire duration of these works, as well as until the strength level established by the screed reaches at least 50% of the design one.
2.4. The screed, which is carried out using a rigid and semi-dry mixture, while performed by a mechanized method, must be laid the first time at a given design height.
2.5. In order to prevent or prevent the transfer of the allowed deformations to the installed floor screed from the existing building structures near the walls, along the columns, and also the foundations, special insulating joints are laid by laying insulating materials (this includes: damper tapes, which are made on the basis of foamed polyethylene, isocom, isolon) completely to the entire existing height of the installed screed just before the start of laying the mortar.
2.6. In order to prevent chaotic cracking of the installed screed at the hardening stage, as well as gaining the necessary strength, it is necessary to cut into required quantity shrinkage seams, and as a result, a crack will be given by this screed in the indicated direction. It is necessary to cut shrinkage joints along the axes of the columns and they must be joined to the existing corners of the joints that run along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map, which is formed by shrinkage joints, should be cut into squares as far as possible. The length of the card cannot exceed the available width by more than one and a half times. The generally accepted rule is that smaller size card, the less likely it is that random cracking will occur.
2.7. When work is carried out aimed at the installation of a screed using a rigid and semi-dry mixture, taking into account their structural characteristics, it is necessary to perform the following at the facility:
Preparatory activities:
- provide access roads for lightning transport to the work site;
- determination of a place for installing special equipment, as well as for storing those used in the manufacture and supply of mortar building tools and other materials;
- provide the necessary access points to power supply;
- provide the required lighting of the place where these works are performed;
- ensure the supply of technical water to the area where the equipment is installed.
Technological work:
- clean the entire surface of the layer that lies lower;
- make marks of a clean floor;
- arrange insulating material to the full height of the installed screed along each perimeter of the walls, along the foundations, as well as columns;
- prepare a cement-sand mortar;
- apply the solution to the area where the installation is carried out;
- arrange beacons;
- lay cement-sand mortar;
- grind the surface of this screed using trowels;
- cut expansion joints.
3. The process of organization, as well as the technology for the implementation of work for the installation of floor screed
3.1. Cleaning the surface layer, which lies lower, must be dealt with before laying work begins cement-sand mixture. The surface of the base must be well inspected, then thoroughly cleaned of various accumulated debris, as well as possible extraneous layers, remove accumulated dust with a special industrial vacuum cleaner, check the horizontalness at the base and the compliance of the slopes with the specified parameters, remove existing grease stains if cracks are found in the base , it is necessary to widen these cracks and fill them with a specially prepared repair mortar and close up the gaps that are between the prefabricated slabs. The base must be thoroughly cleaned, it must be quite strong and not have any delaminations.
3.2 . Take out marks. The level of the finished floor should be carried out by surveyors using a special laser level. However, it must be borne in mind that the clean floor must necessarily have the same level in all rooms of the apartment or house, or in the part of the floor that is located between adjacent landings.
3.3 .Seams are insulating. In order to prevent the possible transfer of deformations to the installed floor screed from the corresponding structures of the building near the walls, along the columns, and also the foundations, it is necessary to arrange special insulating joints, by laying the existing insulating raw materials (this includes damper tapes made on the basis of foamed polyethylene, isokom, isolon), the thickness of which is 4-8 mm to the full height of the installed screed just before the start of laying the mortar.
3.4. Screed making. It is necessary to indicate in the project for the execution of works or agree with the customer on the place where the compressor will be installed, the pneumatic transport specialized equipment intended for the manufacture and supply of the solution, the place where the building material used in the process of work will be stored. The required area for the placement of materials, as well as equipment, is about 30-50 m2. A semi-dry screed must be prepared directly on construction site or at the work site.
When a screed is made by mechanized method, using a special synthetic fiber, it is necessary to comply with certain requirements: the volume of sand used must correspond to the volume of cement also needed, which must have a ratio of 3: 1, taking into account the strict condition of equality of the washed seeded sand with a fraction modulus of 2-3 mm. The volume of the special mixing hopper of the universal pneumatic conveying equipment is 250 liters, according to the actual volume of the finished solution, 200 liters. The smallest amount of cement used for a single hopper load cannot be less than 50 kg (this will be one standard package). The ratio of water and cement is in the range of 0.34-0.45, which is equal to 17-24 liters of water for a single bunker load.
The loading of water, sand and cement is carried out in two stages. In the first step, you must first load ½ of the volume of sand, which is approximately 75 kg, as well as 50 kg of a bag of cement. Then you need to add polypropylene fiber and about 10-12 liters of water. At the second stage, it is necessary to make the final loading of the working hopper with approximately 100 kg of sand, as well as the required volume of water of approximately 7-12 liters, and synthetic fiber. The consumption of polypropylene fiber, which is used in this solution, is approximately 120-150 grams per whole hopper load, thus, for a one-time batch, based on 700-900 grams per cubic meter prepared solution. And fibrin must be added with each subsequent proportion of water. It is recommended to mix the fully loaded mass for at least a couple of minutes. The total running time of the bunker, taking into account the loading time, will be about 4-7 minutes.
3.5. The implementation of the supply of the solution to the laying site. The prepared cement-sand mixture under pressure must be delivered in portions through a special rubber hose directly to the laying site, and also laid on the base using a solvent quencher. On the vast areas floor screed must be done with cards. The size of the map can be determined based on the performance of the working link, i.e., the floor area that was laid during one work shift. The time allotted for the supply of the prepared solution cannot exceed five minutes. Depending on which type of equipment is used, feeding can be carried out up to 160 m horizontally, as well as 100 m vertically. If it becomes necessary to deliver the mixture to a distance exceeding 100 meters, then the time for supply may take up to 7-15 m. , which is called "greenhouse", in the area where the compressor is installed, specialized pneumatic transport equipment.
3.6. Establishment of lighthouses, as well as laying a cement-sand mixture. The device of beacons is carried out using a freshly prepared mixture, pre-trimming with a level, without installing guides. After the semi-dry cement-sand mortar is supplied to the work site, the full volume of the map that has been prepared is filled with the solution. The mixture must be pulled out using a screed rule, which moves with two-sided support on these beacons until it is purchased. smooth surface. During operation, it is necessary to monitor the status of the exposed beacons. Trimming the surface, as well as the installation of beacons, is carried out at a time, due to which it is possible to achieve uniform laying, and in the future, the complete absence of cracks.
3.7. Grinding the surface of the screed. The work associated with grinding the surface must be carried out immediately after the mortar is trimmed, and it must be completed before the mixture begins to set for 1.5-2 hours from the time of filing. Grinding the surface should be done with a trowel equipped with a special trimming disc, as well as in suitable shoes called concrete shoes.
3.8 . Cutting a deformation seam. In order to prevent chaotic cracking of the screed at the hardening stage, as well as to acquire the necessary strength, it is necessary to cut all expansion joints, after which this screed will crack in the right direction. Expansion joints can be divided into three main types:
- structural seams;
- insulating seams;
- shrink seams.
It is recommended to cut shrinkage joints in a freshly laid mixture using a special cutter after the surface of the mixture has been processed with a trowel. The seams must be cut along the axes of the columns, and also joined together with the corners of the seams that run along the perimeter of these columns. The floor map, which is formed using shrink joints, should be cut into squares as far as possible. And the length of the card cannot exceed the existing width by more than one and a half times. The seam should have a depth of 1/3 of the thickness of such a screed. If the card size is small, then chaotic cracking is also unlikely.
4. Requirements for the level of quality, as well as acceptance of work.
4.1.
Acceptance of work aimed at installing a screed must be carried out based on the requirements of SNiP III-B. 14-72 “Floors. Rules for the production and acceptance of work.
4.2. Open seams, cracks and gouges are not allowed in screeds. The deviation of the screed thickness level from the specified one is permissible only in some places, and cannot exceed 10% of the design thickness.
4.3 . The surface of the screed must be at a given level.
4.4. The surface of the screeds must be horizontal or have a specified slope.
4.5 . Using a two-meter rail, you can check how even the surface of the screed is.
4.6. Moisture level of screeds during installation of linoleum floors, parquet boards, textile coverings, pvc tiles, block parquet, as well as shields, must be no more than 5%.
5. Occupational health and safety.
5.1 . Before work begins on the installation of screeds, the person responsible for their implementation must conduct the necessary briefing of workers, as well as issue overalls and protective equipment. When carrying out work, you must follow the safety regulations.
5.2 . Particular attention is paid to the following points:
- maintenance of mechanisms and installations can only be allowed if the employee is at least 18 years old, has passed a medical examination, has a specific qualification, is familiar with the device, as well as with the design features of the equipment, has a certificate giving the right to service them;
- installations must have a personal grounding center.
5.3. Before starting work, the operator must:
- conduct an external inspection of the installation;
- check the condition of grounding and wiring;
- check the alarm system.
5.4. During operation, the driver must:
- apply the solution only in accordance with the signal supplied from the working area;
- apply only thoroughly mixed solution.
5.5. The equipment may only be operated and maintained by persons with necessary training and the right to operate.
Technological map for the installation of a semi-dry cement-sand screed
1 AREA OF USE
1.1 The technological map has been developed for the installation of semi-dry cement-sand screeds. SNiP 2.03.13-88 "Floors". MDS 31-6.2000 "Recommendations for flooring" regulating the sequence of operations for the preparation and installation of cement - sandy rigid semi-dry mixtures (mortars) using polypropylene synthetic fiber - a device for screeding and quality control of work performed. When developing this technological map, the requirements for the quality of the materials used were also taken into account: GOST 8736-93 “Sand for construction work. Specifications". GOST 25328-82 "Cement for mortars. Specifications”. GOST 7473-94 “Concrete mixes. Specifications”. GOST 28013-89 “Construction mortars. General specifications».
The developed technology for the manufacture and installation of a fiber-reinforced floor screed using modern German equipment is used in a wide variety of industries: Residential and civil complexes In industrial, civil and public buildings. In production and industrial workshops.In the arrangement of warehouses.In garages and car workshops.In salesrooms and exhibition centers.In multi-storey car parks.In aircraft hangars and cargo terminals.In office premises, basements and roofs
2. ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS ON THE DEVICE OF THE FLOOR SCREED
2.1. Screed is a monolithic or prefabricated layer of relatively durable material in multilayer structures of floors and roofs of buildings. It is intended for the perception, distribution and transfer of loads, for example: (on the roofs - snow cover, on the floors - the presence of people, cargo, equipment), for leveling the underlying layer or giving the cover layer of roof and floor structures a given slope, as well as for flooring on them finish coat, movement of equipment and people on it.
2.2. Work on the installation of a screed using building fiber must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, after the completion of construction and installation work, during the production of which the screed may be damaged.
2.3. The screed can be installed at the air temperature at the floor level and the temperature of the underlying layer is not lower than 5 0С, the temperature must be maintained for the entire duration of the work and until the screed acquires at least 50% of the design strength.
2.4. Screed, from a hard semi-dry mortar, performed mechanized way must be laid from one time to the calculated height.
2.5. In order to prevent the transfer of deformations to the floor screed from the building structures along the walls, around the columns and foundations, insulating joints are arranged by laying insulating material (polyethylene foam damper tapes, isolon, isocom) to the entire height of the screed immediately before laying the mortar.
2.6. To prevent chaotic cracking of the screed during hardening and curing, it is necessary to cut shrinkage seams. Shrinkage joints must be cut along the axes of the columns and joined with the corners of the joints running along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map formed by the shrinkage joints is, if possible, cut into squares. The length of the card should not exceed the width by more than 1.5 times. A generally accepted rule is that the smaller the card, the less likely it is to have chaotic cracking.
2.7. When installing screeds from a hard semi-dry mortar, taking into account them design features, on the object you should do:
1. Preparatory work; provision of access roads for freight transport to the place of work; determine the place of installation of equipment and storage building materials for the manufacture and supply of mortar; providing an access point to power supply; providing the necessary lighting for the production site; supplying technical water to the equipment installation site2. Technological operations; cleaning the surface of the underlying layer making marks of the clean floor installation of insulating material to the entire height of the screed along the perimeter of walls, around columns and foundations preparation of cement-sand mortar
3. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF FLOOR SCREED INSTALLATION
3.1. Cleaning of the surface of the underlying layer is performed before laying the cement-sand mortar. The surface of the base is inspected, thoroughly cleaned of debris and foreign deposits, the horizontalness of the base and the correct slopes are checked, grease stains are removed, if there are cracks in the base, the cracks are expanded and filled with a repair compound, the gaps between the prefabricated slabs are sealed. The base must be clean, solid, free from delamination.
3.2. Taking marks. The level of the finished floor is carried out by surveyors using a laser level. In this case, it should be noted that the level of the clean floor must be the same in all rooms of the apartment or part of the floor located between adjacent staircases.
3.3. insulating seams. In order to prevent the transfer of deformations to the floor screed from the building structures along the walls, around the columns and foundations, insulating joints are arranged by laying insulating material (damper tapes made of polyethylene foam, isolon, isocom) with a thickness of 4-8 mm to the entire height of the screed immediately before laying the mortar.
3.4. Screed preparation. The place for installing a compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment for preparing and supplying the mixture, the place for storing building materials should be specified in the project for the production of works or agreed with the Customer. The required area for placement of equipment and materials is from 30 to 50 m2; Semi-dry screed is prepared directly on the construction site or at the place of production. When preparing a screed in a mechanized way using fiberglass, certain requirements are met, the ratio of the volume of sand to the volume of cement, which should be 3: 1, under the strict condition that the washed seeded sand correspond to a fraction with a fineness modulus of 2-3 mm. Standard pneumatic conveying equipment has a mixing hopper volume of 250 liters, according to the actual volume of the finished mixture 200 liters. The minimum amount of cement per hopper load should not be less than 40 kg. The water-cement ratio is in the range of 0.34 - 0.45, which corresponds to 17-24 liters of water per hopper load. Sand, cement and water are loaded in two stages. First stage: - first ½ volume of sand is loaded (about 75 kg) and 50 kg bag of cement. Next, 10-12 liters of water and polypropylene fiber are added. The second stage: - the final loading of the operating bunker is carried out with sand about 100 kg and the required amount of water about 7-12 liters, as well as fiber. The consumption of the used polypropylene fiber is about 120 - 150 grams per full bunker load, i.e. for one batch at the rate of 300-500 grams per cubic meter of the prepared solution. Fibrin is added with each proportion of water. The fully loaded mass is mixed for at least two minutes. The total operating time of the mixing hopper, taking into account the loading time, is from 4 to 7 minutes.
3.5. Supply of solution to the place of laying. The prepared cement-sand mortar under pressure, in portions through rubber hoses, is delivered directly to the place of laying and is placed on the base through a mortar quencher. On large areas, floor screed is carried out with cards. The size of the map is determined by the performance of the working link, that is, the floor area laid in one work shift. The feeding time of the prepared solution should not exceed 5 minutes. Depending on the type of equipment, feeding can be carried out at a distance of up to 160 meters horizontally and 100 meters in height. If necessary, deliver the solution to a distance of more than 100 meters, the delivery time can take up to 7-15 minutes. At a negative outdoor temperature not exceeding minus 10 0C, the preparation and supply of the solution is possible with the obligatory device of the so-called "green house" at the installation site of the compressor, pneumatic transport specialized equipment.
3.6. Installation of lighthouses and laying of cement-sand mortar. The device of beacons is made from a freshly prepared solution with a preliminary alignment with a level without installing guides. After the semi-dry cement-sand mixture (mortar) is supplied to the work site, the entire volume of the prepared map is filled with the mixture. The mixture is pulled out by a screed rule, moved with two-sided support on these beacons until a flat surface is obtained. In the process of work, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the exposed beacons. The leveling of the surface and the installation of beacons is carried out simultaneously, which ensures the uniformity of laying and, in the future, the complete absence of cracks.
3.7. Grinding the surface of the screed. Work on grinding the surface must be started immediately after leveling the mortar and completed before the mortar begins to set within 1.5 - 2 hours from the moment of filing. Grinding of the surface should be done with a trowel equipped with a leveling disc and in special shoes - concrete shoes.
3.8. Cutting expansion joints. To prevent chaotic cracking of the screed during hardening and curing, it is necessary to cut expansion joints, as a result of which the screed cracks in a given direction.
There are three main types of expansion joints:
- Seams
- Shrink seams
- Construction seams
It is more expedient to cut shrinkage seams in a freshly laid mortar with a special cutter after processing the surface of the mortar with a trowel. The seams must be cut along the axes of the columns and joined with the corners of the seams running along the perimeter of the columns. The floor map formed by the shrinkage joints is, if possible, cut into squares. The length of the card should not exceed the width by more than 1.5 times. The depth of the seam should be 1/3 of the thickness of the screed. The seams allow you to create straight planes of slack in the screed. It is obvious that the smaller the map, the less the probability of chaotic cracking. Structural joints work on the principle of shrinkage and, if possible, should be combined.
4. Requirements for the quality and acceptance of work.
4.1. Acceptance of work on the installation of screeds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-B.14-72 “Floors. Rules for the production and acceptance of work ":
4.2. Cracks, dents and open seams in screeds are not allowed. Deviation of the thickness of the screeds from the design is allowed only in separate places and should not exceed 10% of the specified thickness
4.3. The surface of the screeds must be at the level of the given marks.
4.4. The surface of the screeds must be horizontal or have a specified slope. Horizontalness is checked with a control rail with a level
4.5. The evenness of the surface of the screeds is checked with a two-meter rail moved in all directions. The gaps between the screed and the rail should not exceed 2 - 4 mm.
4.6. Moisture content of screeds when installing floors made of linoleums, PVC tiles, textile coverings, block parquet, parquet boards and boards should be no more than 5%.
5. Safety and labor protection
5.1. Prior to the start of work on the installation of screeds, the person responsible for their production is obliged to ensure that workers are instructed, and the necessary overalls and personal protective equipment are issued. When performing work, it is necessary to observe the safety regulations set out in SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction".
5.2. Special attention you should pay attention to the following: persons at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination and have certain qualifications are allowed to service installations and mechanisms, device aware and design features of the equipment that have a certificate for the right to service; according to the "Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers", installations must have their own grounding center.
5.3. Before starting work, the driver must: perform an external inspection of the installation, the condition of the entrance to it; check the serviceability of the electrical wiring and grounding; check the alarm system to the workplaces.
5.4. During operation, the driver is obliged: to start and stop the supply of the solution only on a signal from the workplace; to supply the solution only after it has been thoroughly mixed.
5.5. Persons who have undergone special training and have a certificate for the right to operate are allowed to operate and maintain the equipment. Pressure gauges and safety valves must be sealed. Maintenance of the trowel should be entrusted to a worker familiar with the operating instructions. The electrical connection of the machine must be carried out by an electrician.
6. Material and technical resources
6.1. Sand for construction work. "Technical Conditions". GOST 8736-93
6.2. Cement for mortars. "Specifications". GOST 25328-82
6.3. Concrete mixes. "Technical Conditions". GOST 7473-94
6.4. Building solutions. "General technical conditions". GOST 28013-89 6.5. The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is given in table 1.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| No. p / p | Equipment for the preparation and supply of solutions | units from. PCS. | amount |
| 1 | Mortar pump (pneumatic blower) | PCS | 1 |
| 2 | Screed grouting machine | PCS | 1 |
| 3 | Seam cutting machine (seam cutter) | PCS | 1 |
| 4 | Industrial vacuum cleaner | PCS | 1 |
| 5 | Rail-rule length 3m, 2.5m, 2m, 1.5m, 1m | PCS | 5 |
| 6 | Rail control | PCS | 1 |
| 7 | Construction level | PCS | 2 |
| 8 | Base Scraper | PCS | 2 |
| 9 | Shovel type LP | PCS | 4 |
| 10 | Bucket | PCS | 3 |
| 11 | Technical water tank | PCS | 2 |
A typical flow chart was developed by the technology design department finishing works trust Mosorgstroy (L.K. Nemtsyn, A.N. Strigina) and agreed with the Department of Finishing Works of Glavmosstroy (I.G. Kozin).
1 AREA OF USE
1.1. The technological map was developed for the installation of cement-sand and polymer cement screeds, designed to level the surfaces of the underlying floor element or to give the floor a given slope.
For monolithic cement-sand screeds intended for parquet floors and polymer materials, use a solution grade of at least 150.
A polymer cement mortar is a conventional cement-sand mortar, which contains a polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVAD).
Screeds perceive all operational loads on the floors.
The material, thickness and strength of the screeds are assigned by the project, depending on the type of floor covering, the design of the ceilings and the purpose of the premises.
AT real map the thickness of the cement-sand screed is 40 mm; polymer cement - 15 mm.
2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
2.1. Work on the installation of screeds must be carried out after the completion of construction and installation work, during the production of which the screeds may be damaged.
2.2. The installation of screeds is allowed when the air temperature at the floor level and the temperature of the underlying layer is not lower than 5 ° C, this temperature must be maintained until the screed acquires a strength of at least 50% of the design.
2.3. When installing cement-sand screeds, the following technological operations are performed:
surface grouting.
2.4. When installing polymer cement screeds, the following technological processes are performed:
cleaning the surface of the underlying layer;
making marks of a clean floor;
removal of beacons and sealing of grooves;
surface grouting.
2.5. The cement-sand mortar is taken into the installation for receiving and transporting hard solutions UPTZhR-2.5.
The laying of the solution is carried out as follows: the solution is supplied from the installation to the place of laying through the mortar ducts. A quencher is attached to the end of the solution conduit, which is gradually moved by two workers.
The solution, having passed through the absorber, is smoothly placed on the base without impacts.
2.6. The place for the installation of UPTZhR-2.5 and KUShR-2.7, the compressor must be indicated in the project for the production of works. The site on which the installations are located must be planned.
2.7. concrete surfaces thoroughly cleaned of debris and foreign deposits. If there is cement milk on the base, it is thoroughly cleaned with metal brushes or scrapers (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Cleaning the base
2.8. The polymer-cement mortar is prepared as follows: the commodity cement-sand mortar is taken into the receiving hopper of the KUShR-2.7 complex plastering plant. Then 10% polyvinyl acetate dispersion is poured into the bunker in the required amount (250 l of PVA dispersion per 1 m 3 of the solution). After thorough mixing, the polymer-cement mortar is fed through hoses to the installation site and then applied to the base through a nozzle (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Base priming
2.9. When installing screeds according to concrete base the surface of the underlying layer should be damp, but without accumulation of water.
The gaps between the prefabricated floor tiles, their junctions with the walls, as well as mounting holes must be sealed with a cement-sand mortar of at least 100 grade flush with the surface of the slabs.
2.10. The level of the finished floor is carried out by surveyors using a level or water level. This takes into account that the level of the finished floor should be the same in all rooms of the apartment or part of the floor located between adjacent staircases.
2.11. The primer is applied to the cleaned base in an even layer using the CO-21A unit (Fig. 2). The primer composition for priming the base and wetting the screed after applying the solution is prepared at the work site by mixing one part of a 50% PVA dispersion and 4 parts of water.
2.12. The solution is laid on the beacons installed on the verified underlying surface, according to the marks made.
used for lighthouses steel pipes with a diameter of 12.5 mm when installing polymer cement screeds and a diameter. 31 mm when installing cement-sand screeds. They are installed on stamps from the solution in parallel long side walls. The first beacon is installed, retreating from the wall by 50 - 60 cm, the rest are placed parallel to the first one after 2 - 2.5 m (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Installation of beacons
2.13. The solution is laid in strips bounded by two adjacent beacons. The solution is laid in strips through one. Laying starts from the wall opposite entrance doors and goes towards the door. The surface of the laid mortar layer should be 2–3 mm higher than the top of the beacons (Fig. 4 and 5).
Rice. 4. Supplying the solution with the help of an extinguisher when installing cement-sand screeds
Rice. 5. Applying the solution with a nozzle when installing polymer-cement screeds
The laid solution is leveled in the same plane with the beacons using the rule, which is supported by two beacons (Fig. 6), and compacted with a vibrating screed. A day after laying the solution, the beacons are removed and the resulting grooves are filled with a solution, carefully rubbing it with a trowel. The resulting influx of solution is cleaned off with scrapers.
Rice. 6. Leveling the mortar
2.14. A freshly laid cement-sand screed is protected from moisture loss until the mortar acquires the required strength. To do this, one day after laying, it is covered with matting and moistened with water for 7-10 days at least once a day using the SO-21A installation.
2.15. When the screed reaches a strength of 25 - 30 kg / cm 2, the surface of the screed is smoothed and rubbed with a SO-89 cement screed grouting machine (Fig. 7).
Rice. 7. Grout screed
2.16. Acceptance of work on the installation of screeds is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-B.14-72 “Floors. Rules for the production and acceptance of work ":
cracks, potholes and open seams in screeds are not allowed. Deviation of the thickness of the screeds from the design is allowed only in certain places and should not exceed 10% of the specified thickness;
the surface of the screeds must be at the level of the given marks;
the surface of the screeds must be horizontal or have a specified slope. Horizontalness is checked with a control rail with a level;
the evenness of the surface of the screeds is checked with a two-meter rail, moved in all directions. The gaps between the screed and the rail should not exceed 2 mm;
the humidity of the screeds when installing floors made of linoleums, PVC tiles, textile coverings, piece parquet, parquet boards and boards should be no more than 5%.
2.17. Before the start of work on the installation of screeds, the person responsible for their production is obliged to ensure that the workers are instructed and the necessary work clothes and personal protective equipment are issued. When performing work, it is necessary to comply with the safety regulations set forth in SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in Construction".
Particular attention should be paid to the following:
persons under the age of 18 who have passed a medical examination, have a certain qualification, know the device and design features of the equipment, and have a certificate for the right to service them, are allowed to service installations and mechanisms;
according to the "Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations", installations must have their own grounding center.
Before starting work, the driver must:
make an external inspection of the installation, the state of the entrance to it;
check the serviceability of electrical wiring and grounding;
check the alarm system to the workplaces.
During work, the driver must:
start and stop the supply of the solution only on a signal from the workplace;
apply the solution only after thorough mixing.
Persons who have undergone special training and have a certificate for the right to operate compressors are allowed to operate and maintain the DK-9M compressor. Pressure gauges and safety valves must be sealed. Maintenance of the CO-89 trowel should be entrusted to a worker who is familiar with the operating instructions. The electrical connection of the machine must be carried out by an electrician.
2.18. The work on the installation of cement screeds is carried out by a team of 6 people. The composition of the brigade is as follows:
-"- 4 -"- - 2 (B-2, B-3)
-"- 3 -"- - 2 (B-4, B-5)
-"- 2 -"- - 1 (B-6)
Concrete worker of the 5th category installs beacons, applies the solution to the base with the help of an extinguisher; levels the laid mortar with a rail-rule; compacts the solution with a vibrating screed; wipes the surface of the screed with a trowel, controls the quality of the laid screed.
Concrete workers of the 3rd - 4th category clean the surface, close the holes with mortar, install beacons, moisten the base, level the mortar over the beacons, rub the surface of the screed with a trowel.
Concrete worker of the 2nd category cleans the surface, seals potholes with mortar, moves hoses and extinguisher in the process of applying the mortar. The UPTZhR unit is operated by a machinist who is not part of the concrete team.
2.19. Work on the installation of a polymer-cement screed is carried out by a team of concrete workers of 6 people.
The composition of the brigade is as follows:
concrete worker of the 5th category (foreman) - 1 (B-1)
-"- 4 -"- - 2 (B-2, B-3)
-"- 3 -"- - 2 (B-4, B-5)
-"- 2 -"- - 1 (B-6)
Concrete worker of the 5th category installs beacons, applies the solution to the base with a nozzle, levels the laid mortar with a rail-rule, wipes the surface of the screed, controls the quality of the laid screed.
Concrete workers of the 4th category install beacons, prime the base, level the laid mortar with a rail-rule, rub the surface of the screed.
Concrete workers of the 3rd category prepare a polymer-cement mortar and a primer.
The concrete worker of the 2nd category cleans the surface of the base, takes part in the installation of beacons, moves the hoses in the process of applying the mortar.
2.20. Schedule labor process link of concrete workers is given in the appendix.
2.21. Workplace organization schemes are shown in fig. 8, 9.
Rice. 8. Scheme of organization of the workplace
B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers
Rice. 9. Scheme of organization of the workplace
B 1 and B 2 - concrete workers
1 - rail-rule
2 - screed grouting machine
3. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS
BUT. Cement-sand screed device
Production per 1 person-day, m 2 - 60.8
Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-hour - 13.3
including on:
base preparation - 4.7 (UNIR 2-46 No. 1)
screed device - 4.6 (UNIR 2-46 No. 2)
screed grout - 4.0 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")
B. Polymer cement screed device
Production per 1 man-day, m 2 - 48.2
Labor costs per 100 m 2, man-hours - 16.59
including on:
foundation preparation - 7.79
screed device - 4.8 (TsNIB "Mosstroy")
screed grout - 4.0
4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES
4.1. Sand (GOST 8736-77, 10268-80), used for mortar when installing screeds, should have a particle size of no more than 5 mm and not contain clay particles of more than 3% by weight.
Portland cement must be grade not lower than 400. The mobility of the solution is determined by the standard cone - GOST 5802-78.
The plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion of PVAD should be 50% consistency.
Consumption of materials per 100 m2 of floor surface:
plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion 5%, kg (when priming the base) - 4
cement-sand mortar, m - 4.2
polymer cement mortar, kg - 1552
4.2. The need for tools, equipment and fixtures is given in table 1.
|
Name |
unit of measurement |
Quantity |
Regulatory document, organization - calco holder |
|
|
Installation for transportation of hard solutions UPTZhR-2.5 |
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|
Compressor DK-9 |
Produced by industry |
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|
Complete plant for plastering works KUSHR-2.7 |
Experimental mechanical repair plant of the association Mosremstroymash Glavmosmontazhspetsstroy |
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|
Machine for grouting screed CO-89 |
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|
Installation SO-21A (for base priming) |
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|
Vibrorail SO-47 |
Odessa plant of construction and finishing machines |
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|
Compressor SO-7A |
Vilnius Plant of Construction and Finishing Machines |
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|
Base Scraper |
heck. 1233 Mosorgstroy HMS |
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|
Rake-rule 3 m long (for leveling the solution) |
heck. TE-275 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR |
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|
Wooden grater |
heck. 1154 Mosorgstroy HMS |
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|
Rail control length 2 m |
heck. TE-276 Orgstroy of the Ministry of Construction of the Estonian SSR |
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|
Shovel type LP (for filling furrows with mortar) |
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