Summer time is always a difficult time to work. Often there are situations when the temperature in the room exceeds the permissible limit, turning work into the hardest torture (and even breaks in the middle of the day do not save much). For employees it becomes topical issue, whether there are any legal regulations on temperature standards during working hours in the heat.
To resolve this issue, please contact article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation . In one of the provisions, it prescribes the duty of the employer to provide comfortable conditions work for each employee. On the basis of this legal provision, a directive was developed with regard to working hours in the heat SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 .
Reduced working hours due to heat
According to established standards for office workers allowable temperature indoors in summer should be 28 degrees. The more the actual indication exceeds this norm, the less employees should work.
Order to reduce working hours due to heat
The order to change working hours due to the heat is an integral document, on the basis of which the schedule is redrawn. This act is drawn up by the employer indicating the reason for the innovations. Experts, however, differ on how to state the grounds for changes.
A reduction in working hours due to heat can be documented as downtime or through the fault of the employer, or due to objective circumstances beyond the control of the parties. The first case is relevant in situations where the organization does not provide adequate conditions for working on the premises. However, on the other hand, it is not always possible to provide for an increased temperature regime. As a result, the decision on the reason for such downtime remains with the employer. In both cases, by article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation the company is obliged to pay two-thirds of the salary.
It is allowed to issue an order indicating the objective circumstances and the corresponding remuneration. In this case, its size decreases in proportion to the reduction of working time.
How to reduce working hours in the heat - drawing up an order
An order to reduce working hours due to heat is drawn up according to the basic rules for paperwork. That is, it is similar to those regulations that relate to the issues of reducing the time of work due to heat.
The main provisions of this document should include:
- establishment of a new time, indicating breaks for lunch and rest;
- an instruction on the need for all heads of departments to familiarize their subordinates with this order;
- allowing employees to take unpaid leave;
- appointment of responsible persons who should monitor the implementation of the instructions.
This document is signed by both the head and the appointed responsible person. It may include additional instructions at the initiative of the employer. For example, the validity of this decree, or the provision of means of protection from heat.
The current legislation in matters of labor protection establishes enough strict regulations temperature at the workplace and in the working room. However, not every simple employee or even an employer knows what temperature should be at the workplace and what other requirements are associated with this aspect. labor activity. Legislation and regulations, in turn, provide full legal regulation of the aforementioned issue, including from a procedural point of view.
Workplace Temperature - Legal Regulations and Legislation
Russian legislation seeks to provide workers with the opportunity to work in conditions that are safe for their health, and the temperature in the workplace is one of the main indicators affecting labor safety. Legal regulation These issues are provided by the provisions of various regulatory documents and, first of all, the following legal acts can be attributed to them:
For certain categories of labor, special requirements to the temperature regime. AT this case will need to be guided by individual normative documents that govern any particular type of activity. The standards of the above SanPiN apply to all types of activities without exception.
The temperature in the working room
The answer to the question of what temperature should be at the workplace largely depends on the nature of the work, the time of year and a number of other indicators. At the same time, the general standards are quite simple and look like this:
The current regulations require possible deviations from temperature regime and minor temperature fluctuations and differences. However, the presence of long-term deviations is the basis for reducing the working time of workers.
In addition to complying with the requirements for ensuring the norm of temperature in the working room, the employer must also pay attention to humidity indicators. In most cases, relative humidity should be between 40-60%.
Responsibility for non-compliance with the temperature norm in the working room
If the employer does not comply with the requirements for ensuring the temperature at the workplace, then he may be held liable for violation of the current legislation. At the same time, employees have the right to demand the initiation of an inspection if they have a suspicion that the temperature and humidity regime does not comply with legal requirements. It should also be remembered that high or low temperatures can be considered normal if they are permanent, their impact is considered a harmful or dangerous production factor, and the employee receives all additional guarantees appropriate for this work.
In cases where there is a clear violation of the requirements of labor legislation, the employer may be held liable for non-compliance with the temperature norm in the working room under Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, which will entail a fine of 2 to 20 thousand rubles, depending on the status of the offender.
The concept of a temperature log has nothing to do with ensuring the temperature at the workplace. These logs are used to evaluate the operation and control of specific refrigeration equipment and are not necessary to maintain for room performance checks.
Checking the temperature at the workplace is carried out at the request or complaint of employees, as well as in the case of a regular special assessment of working conditions to determine the class of harmfulness or danger of these conditions. At the same time, assigning the status of harmful or dangerous work may require the employer to also provide employees with the means personal protection from negative conditions.
Another aspect that the employer should pay attention to is the actual negative impact inappropriate temperatures for employees. So, violation of the temperature regime can lead not only to fines, but also to an increased frequency of sick leave for employees. In addition, the temperature regime can also affect the development and emergence of certain occupational diseases, which will require the formation of a commission of inquiry at the enterprise and additional costs from the side of the organization.
Comfortable air temperature in the room depends on the sensations of a particular person. In addition, it is directly related to its subjective assessment and susceptibility to environmental conditions.
There is no such thing as a comfortable temperature in any normative documentation. It is not in the technical vocabulary either. There is only the so-called value of the optimal air temperature, which was determined with the help of numerous physiological experiments.
Concept differences
The air temperature in the room should be at such a level as to provide the most comfortable conditions for the people there. But what should this value be? It is extremely difficult to answer this question, because each person is individual. And if one of us is comfortable even in the heat, then others do not close the windows even on frosty days.
However, scientists came to the conclusion that certain preferences are a criterion only for the concept of a comfortable temperature regime. But there are also standards determined as a result of research. The values obtained take into account many factors, among which are the needs of the average human body. Such values indicate the optimum temperature and may be different depending on certain conditions.
It is very important to take into account the normative indicators in the room. Indeed, according to scientists, any overheating or hypothermia will certainly affect his general state of health. That is why the values of the optimal air temperature in the room are not recommended. They are enshrined in official legislative acts - SanPiNs, which reflect the requirements of sanitary standards.
What affects the air temperature in the room?
Of course, first of all it external factors, which depend on the season and the climate zone in which the house is located. But, in addition, the air temperature in the room is directly related to the characteristics of each of the rooms. Let's consider these factors in more detail.
Subtleties of the climate
The temperature regime in the room differs depending on a particular area. They are different in the northern and southern, as well as in the western and eastern regions. The temperature norm in an apartment or in a production room depends on such factors as air humidity, its temperature and atmospheric pressure, measured outside the walls of the building.
There are differences in the microclimate in the houses and depending on the change of season. So, in winter the air temperature in the premises is lower than in summer. For example, for the climate of the European continent during the cold periods of the year, the average optimum indoor air temperature is at around 22 degrees. In the hot season, its values increase by three degrees.
Human factor
The temperature conditions in the apartment should provide maximum comfort for the people living in it. However, as mentioned above, such sensations are strictly individual. People of different sex and age perceive the same temperature differently.
For example, women are more thermophilic than men. But newborn children do not have the ability for natural thermoregulation at all and can quickly overheat or freeze.
Temperature in the rooms
Microclimate various premises varies depending on their purposes. Consider the temperature regimes in the rooms of a residential building or apartment:
- Sleeping and rest areas. Here, the optimum air temperature should be at around 18 degrees. It is in such conditions that a person gets rid of feeling unwell and insomnia.
- Bathroom. AT this room the air temperature should not be below 25 degrees. This is due to the humid microclimate of the room and its purpose. At low temperatures, there is immediately a feeling of dampness and discomfort.
- Kitchen. This room uses a lot household appliances that radiate heat. This is an electric kettle and a microwave oven, an oven and hob. In this regard, the high temperature in the kitchen will be inappropriate.
- Comfort in living rooms and other rooms will be provided by temperature conditions ranging from 19 to 21 degrees.
However, there is one thing to keep in mind important rule. According to him, the temperature regime in the apartment should not have large differences. Ideally, when moving from one room to another, the discrepancies in the readings of the thermometer should not be more than 2 degrees.
Human well-being
Despite personal preferences, the temperature in the apartment must still be respected. This issue becomes especially relevant in cold winters and hot summers. It is during this period that significant differences can be observed between the air temperature in the house and on the street. If the temperature conditions are not respected, then such a microclimate will lead either to overheating, or to And this, in turn, is fraught with the appearance of cardiological problems.
Effects of overheating on health
If too hot atmosphere is created in the room, then this provokes the spread of bacteria harmful to the body. Therefore, it is not surprising that people in such a room have infectious diseases. In addition, in conditions of heat, the body loses moisture.
This leads to thickening of the blood, which forces the heart to work harder. This condition is dangerous for those who suffer from cardiac problems. In addition, the loss of moisture in the body leads to water-electrolyte imbalance.
Effect of hypothermia
A similar state is possible if the temperature regimes are not observed in the apartment and the thermometer falls below 17 degrees. What happens to the human body in this case? It enhances heat transfer, which causes hypothermia. This condition causes pathology nervous system and acute respiratory infections. Low temperature especially dangerous for small children. That is why compliance with the temperature regime is important if there are kids in the house.
Sometimes it happens that a person constantly freezes even in those microclimatic conditions that must be created in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements. This is worth thinking about seriously. Perhaps the discomfort is caused by a simple habit of high temperature. In this case, you need to be patient and adjust to the normal feeling of lower numbers. But even here there are nuances. A constant feeling of cold is sometimes the result of problems with blood vessels, the heart, or hormonal background. And this makes it necessary to consult a specialist.
kindergarten
Microclimate in children's rooms preschool institutions should be created in strict accordance with the norms of the law. The temperature regime in kindergartens should not depend on the wishes of the administration or the parents of the kids. Moreover, all the indications in SanPiN are developed on the basis of numerous scientific research and are designed to ensure minimal morbidity in children.
So, according to this document, the optimal temperature of the game room should be in the range from 21 to 24 degrees. Moreover, the upper values of this indicator should be maintained for nursery groups or for those areas that are in the cold climate zone. For children's bedrooms, the optimum temperature is somewhat lower. It is in the range of 18-21 degrees.
Requirements for school premises
Optimum temperature in this educational institution is necessary to preserve the health of children. Moreover, the indicators of the microclimate in the school are directly dependent on the purpose of the premises. So, the thermometer can be at around 18 to 24 degrees in the library and foyer, dining room and assembly hall, in classrooms, as well as in small spaces where he spends with children individual lesson psychologist or speech therapist.
It should be a little colder in the workshops. In these rooms, where children are engaged in physical labor, the thermometer should be at around 17-20 degrees. The same rule exists for sports hall. If the school has showers, then they should warm up to 22-25 degrees. But in medical offices and sports locker rooms, the thermometer can be at lower levels. Their required value according to the norms is in the range from 20 to 22 degrees.
The temperature regime at the school is allowed to be reduced during the holidays. During this period when children do not attend educational institution, the air here can be warmed up to 15 degrees.
Work space requirements
Production workshops or office rooms is the key to maintaining the health of employees. In addition, the optimal temperature regime in the room where this or that work is performed is clearly regulated by law. But it should be borne in mind that the regulations provide for different indicators. What do they depend on? There are only three of them, and the differences between them lie in the intensity of the work performed.
First category
The optimum operating temperature in such rooms is in the range of 21-28 degrees. These are facilities where employees perform their official duties in a sitting position and have little physical activity. Such premises include watch and clothing production, as well as workshops of automobile and instrument-making enterprises. The intensity of energy consumption of workers producing such products does not exceed 139 watts. In this category, a separate subgroup is distinguished. It includes production, where employees give in the performance of work large quantity energy consumption (up to 174 W). Optimal modes temperatures for such industries are limits starting at 20 degrees.
Second category
The industries allocated to this group require large energy inputs from their employees (up to 232 W). In this case, it is assumed that the employee is in a sitting position, but at the same time moves various cargoes, weighing up to 1 kg. The optimal temperature regime for such industries will be values from 18 to 27 degrees. If an employee in such work moves loads up to 10 kg, then his energy consumption will be 290 watts. In this case, the lower limit of the standard values of the temperature regime can be reduced to 16 degrees.
Similar conditions are created in the premises of rolling, thermal, mechanized and forging industries, as well as in the workplaces of personnel servicing conveyors, assembly shops and lines.
Third category
In some industries, the energy consumption of an employee exceeds 290 watts. In such cases, we are talking about the third category of premises, which are most demanding on the microclimate created in them. This is due to the fact that the personnel involved in the production process have to exert great physical effort, walk and move weights weighing more than 10 kg. The most favorable temperature regime for this category of premises will be from 15 to 26 degrees. As a rule, these are workshops or workshops where manual operations are performed for metal processing, preparation building structures etc.
Implementation of sanitary and hygienic standards
In order to meet the requirements for establishing a beneficial microclimate, it is necessary to keep a log of the temperature regime. It should contain the readings of special instruments used in offices and industries. The frequency of such measurements depends on the continuity of work processes and the characteristics of sanitary and hygienic provision. As a rule, such events are held three times during the working shift.
If the required temperature regime is not observed, a number of measures will be required to eliminate the causes that led to this. These may include work on thermal insulation of the room, as well as heating and ventilation in it. If it is impossible to fulfill similar events, in a separate room, a rest room should be organized, the microclimate of which will be comfortable for the staff.
27.10.2017, 18:36
Do you want your staff to always work effectively? Agree that it is difficult to think about business when a person is uncomfortable. Therefore, the temperature in the workplace must be appropriate. After reading our material, you will find out what temperature standards at the workplace are set by SanPiN for 2017 and in the future, what it should be in the office in winter and summer, and also what the violation threatens the employer with.
Why SanPiN standards are needed
Employers are required to create not only safe conditions in the workplace, in the office, but also to support comfortable atmosphere. Including temperature, humidity level, etc. This follows from Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
The relevant norms are established so that working 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) does not harm the health of an employee. In addition, comfortable conditions have a positive effect on the performance of staff.
When setting the temperature standards in the working room, be sure to pay attention to humidity, air velocity, surface temperature, etc.
The indicators of the norms under consideration may differ, since the degree of load and types of work are usually different. For example, in foundries, the average temperature is around 35-37 degrees. And what should be the temperature at the workplace in the office?
Office temperature
The less physical activity a person performs, the warmer it should be in the room. Office workers spend most time at the computer, a maximum of moving from office to office. Therefore, the temperature for such conditions is set taking into account these factors.
Of course, the norms for the temperature at the workplace in winter differ from the norm for the temperature at the workplace in summer. Next, we will demonstrate this clearly.
According to SanPiN 2017, the temperature at the workplace in the office during the warm season should be 23-25C at relative humidity air 40-60%. At the same time, the surface temperature is from 22 to 26C, and the air velocity is up to 0.1 m/s.
In the cold season in the office should be from 22 to 24C (humidity and air speed are similar). The optimum surface temperature is 21-25C.
When making a decision, be guided by:
- SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96<Гигиенические требования к микроклимату производственных помещений>(p. 5, 6, 7 and Appendix 1);
- SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace."
Employers need to know exactly what temperature should be in the working room, since if the norms are not observed, liability may be brought.
Consequences of violating SanPiN norms
When working conditions deviate from the norms and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the length of the working day should be reduced. For example, office staff can work indoors at 13C for no more than 1-4 hours.
Responsibility for this violation of labor legislation is provided for in Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Russia. Employers and officials are fined:
- 2000 - 5000 rubles. for merchants;
- 50,000 - 80,000 for legal entities;
- 2000 - 5000 rubles. on officials.
Let us remind you once again that it is the responsibility of the employer to create and maintain the temperature at the workplace in accordance with SanPiN standards. To do this, use a variety of air conditioners, heaters, etc. established standards, many conflicts can be avoided, as well as downtime associated with employee illnesses.
Optimum characteristics of the microclimate in the workplace not only contribute to good labor productivity, but also to the preservation of the health of workers. That is why the creation of favorable climatic conditions in production is definitely beneficial for every manager. However, only a few of them strive to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards in the field of temperature control. This is explained very simply: maintaining an optimal microclimate requires expensive climate equipment. And the very concept of "microclimate" is very subjective, because it is known that all people perceive the same temperature differently. Meanwhile Russian legislation contains clear requirements for the microclimate in industrial premises and determines the types of temperature regimes depending on the assigned category.
Premises of the first category
These premises are divided into two subcategories: "a" and "b". Their main difference is the type of actions performed by employees.
Employees of an enterprise of category "a" are engaged in sedentary work, which implies little physical activity. The intensity of energy consumption in organizations of this category should not exceed 139 watts. Examples of such industries are sewing workshops, watch companies, instrument-making and automotive industries, etc. The optimum temperature in this case is in the range of 21-28 degrees.
The requirements for the premises of subcategory "b" are slightly different. Here, the provision of an optimal microclimate should be carried out in such a way that the temperature is maintained at least 20 degrees. The intensity of energy consumption in such premises should be no more than 174 watts.
Premises of the second category
The next category of premises is characterized not only by increased energy consumption (over 232 W), but also by the nature of work duties. Subcategory "a" refers to the movement and handling of small loads by workers in a sitting or standing position. For this subcategory, the optimal temperature regime is 18-27 degrees.
The work of workers of subcategory "b" is associated with lifting medium-heavy loads (1-10 kg), and the lower temperature limit for them is at around 16 degrees. The industries of the second category include forging and rolling workshops, assembly shops and conveyor lines of various enterprises.
Premises of the third category
In the case when the intensity of energy consumption at the enterprise is higher than 290 W, it is advisable to talk about the premises of the third category. For them, the most precise temperature regimes are established. Workers of such industries are engaged in heavy physical labor and move loads weighing more than 10 kg. The optimal temperature in this case is in the range of 15-26 degrees, i.e. this is the lowest temperature. The premises of the third category include workshops for metal processing, assembly of building structures, etc.
The dependence of the temperature regime on the time of year
Temperature standards for various types enterprises may fluctuate slightly depending on the time of year. Permissible limit temperature fluctuations is 3-4 degrees. For calculation temperature norm the average daily indicator is used, since it is different for different seasons. Of course, the optimal temperature regimes at the enterprise cannot be determined solely by the norms, many other factors must be taken into account (for example, the recommended temperature regime for the operation of equipment), as well as individual characteristics the body of the worker.
Accounting for temperature indicators
Temperature control cannot be carried out correctly without the use of special measuring instruments. Of course, we are not talking about household thermometers. At a minimum, these should be thermometers intended for use in office and industrial premises. The measurement procedure itself is also different. For example, when controlling temperature regimes in summer, measurements must be taken on days when the deviation of instrument indicators from the corresponding indicators of the hottest month does not exceed 5 degrees.
The frequency of such measurements depends on many factors. Among them are the stability of work operations, stages production processes, operation of communication systems, etc. On average, this procedure must be carried out 3 times per shift.
Temperature control methods
This function is performed by communication systems, namely: ventilation, heating, ventilation and thermal insulation systems. Another way to control the temperature is through means of cooling the air (for example, air conditioners). Special systems air showers also provide regulation of the air injection rate and the organization of the optimal temperature regime.
If the design of the premises does not allow the installation of such equipment, it is necessary to equip a special room for employees to relax.
The consequences of non-compliance with the temperature regime
Complaints of employees of enterprises about inappropriate temperature conditions in organizations, unfortunately, are not uncommon. If, in response to a written notification of employees about an uncomfortable microclimate, there was no response from the management, they have the legal right to go to court with a claim for material compensation for the moral and physical harm caused to them.
In this case, the manager faces an administrative penalty in the form of a fine of several tens of thousands of rubles. Also, by a court decision, an enterprise may be temporarily closed for a period of up to three months.
Reduced working hours due to temperature
The decision to reduce the working day is made by the head of the enterprise. The reason for this may be extremely low or high temperature conditions. However, the workers themselves may also demand this, since, according to Labor Code RF, workplace must comply with government regulations, and the workflow must not harmful effects on the body. According to the rules, if three temperature measurements during one work shift showed a significant deviation from the norm, the manager may decide to shorten the working day.
If the work of workers takes place on outdoors, it is necessary to organize special breaks for heating, which are taken into account in working hours.
Thus, the task of each manager is to provide comfortable working conditions for their employees, since their activity in itself provides for a certain load on the body. It is a mistake to think that labor office workers does not require temperature control. As you know, physical activity helps to keep the body in good shape, as a result of which the effect of the temperature regime is not felt as much as during sedentary work. In addition, monotonous work and great responsibility imply a great psychological burden on the body, which contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Therefore, maintaining an optimal microclimate in production contributes not only to increasing labor efficiency, but also to preventing harmful effects on the health of employees.
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