How to properly insulate a wooden house: instructions for installing stone wool and siding. How to insulate a house from a bar from the outside to create a comfortable atmosphere in it Sheathing and insulation of a house from a bar from the outside

Built from a wooden bar, the house actually breathes, providing a healthy microclimate to the space inside.

A well-caulked facade often does not need additional. However, it is carried out in order to save and save the energy used for heating.

In addition, cladding and effective insulation are one of the most relevant ways to repair a building that is no longer new.

Facade preparation

Warming is carried out according to the principle of a hinged facade. In choosing the most suitable material for this material, the householder often listens to the recommendations of friends and acquaintances.

Before starting work in the outer wall, everything will have to be repaired with high quality.

If the house is new, then it is necessary to wait at least a year, as they will appear after it shrinks.

In the old building, all corners and walls are carefully checked. The holes found are sealed with tow or hemp, which will require a chisel. It is advisable to have several of them in different sizes.

Cracks in the timber can be filled with a special compound - wood sealant. Glued laminated timber does not need caulking.

Material selection

After the completion of the restoration work, you can think about choosing a suitable insulation.

Most often, or is used as it.

Modern foam plastic has its improved version - extruded polystyrene foam. It is characterized by higher strength, even over time it does not crumble into fragments and granules. Ordinary Styrofoam collapses from time to time. Also, the improved type of material is distinguished by its.

How to insulate a house from a bar outside?

Such a heater mineral wool well ventilated. Due to this property, it does not lose its working qualities even when wet (it absorbs moisture well).

When choosing a material for warming a wooden structure, the features of finishing materials must be taken into account, thanks to which they can breathe like wood. This is of great importance.

The working properties of wood should not be violated, otherwise the qualitative physical characteristics of the dwelling may change. Therefore, more often the choice falls not on polystyrene foam, but on mineral wool.

The process of warming a house from a bar

How to correctly calculate the required thickness of the material for insulation

Before purchasing the material, it is required to calculate the required amount of mineral wool. Of no small importance is the thickness of the insulation.

Too thin is not only a violation of technology, but also sweating and weeping walls inside the building during the cold season. Excessively thick material is fraught with unreasonably high costs. When working, it is important to observe the following provision: the dew point from the wall is displayed strictly in the insulation.

For this reason, the wooden facade is insulated only from the outside.

You can not do your own, rather complicated calculations, and not order them from professionals, but refer to the requirements of a special SNiP, which defines all the necessary indicators for each specific zone.

It also states that if the wall has a thickness of up to 15 centimeters, then for mineral wool as a heater, a thickness of 5 centimeters is sufficient. A material of 10 centimeters will be too massive.

To calculate the thickness of the insulation, you can use a simple folk method:

If the winter temperatures do not fall below 20 degrees below zero, then with a thickness of 20 centimeters, one layer of 5-centimeter mineral wool boards will be required.
If the winters are colder, and the temperature often exceeds 20 degrees, two layers of mineral wool insulation are used.

Warming outside. Work progress

Suppose we have decided on the choice of material, and we know how thick it should be. All subsequent work is carried out according to the well-known template for mounting a hinged facade. This is a well known technology.

You have to do the following manipulations:

This technology provides for high-quality air ventilation of all existing layers, which guarantees the free evaporation of excess moisture.

Today we will talk about the insulation of a house from a bar. If a person has lived all his life in Khrushchev or in an ordinary brick house, then he most likely does not represent all the charm of living in a wooden dwelling, just as they have no idea about caring for them.

One of the frequently asked questions about this concerns the fact that many do not know whether it is necessary to insulate a log house from the outside. In fact, wooden buildings can be very warm, especially from a log house, so external insulation is not always an urgent need. Thermal insulation largely depends on the thickness of the material and the density of the joints between the elements.

According to the norms of SNiP for wooden houses of permanent residence, the thickness of the timber for construction is needed at least 200 mm. If the building is used only as a summer cottage, then a material with a thickness of 150 mm will be enough. But if you buy such housing for year-round use, then the external insulation of the house simply needs to be done.

At the same time, even a 200 mm beam will not save if the connections between the beams are made incorrectly and gaps remain. There are also some drawbacks of the material that can lead to cracks and cracks over time: if the drying is poor, the profiled timber can deform, forming gaps in the joints, and the glued one is more prone to cracks from prolonged use, since it absorbs moisture well.

Therefore, the thermal insulation of a house from a bar becomes relevant in such cases:

It is planned to update the appearance of the facade or change it - sheathe it with other material (most often PVC panels), which would simultaneously protect the wooden facade and complement the exterior design.
There is a need to reduce heating costs.
Cracks appeared in the old facade, which is why the house does not keep warm.

Features of thermal insulation of a wooden house

In order for thermal insulation work to be useful, and not just provoke spending, you need to figure out how to properly insulate a house from a bar from the outside before starting to lay the insulation:

If it is planned to finish with thermal insulation immediately after construction, then it is advisable to wait 1-1.5 until the timber is completely dry and shrinks.
If there are gaps and cracks in the facade, then they are pre-sealed with wood putty, mounting foam, and jute fiber rope.

We also do not forget about the treatment of the wooden surface with antiseptics and antipyrines.
The most ideal insulation for a wooden facade is one that provides a dense thermal insulation layer. This must be taken into account when choosing.
It is better to sheathe a wooden house with light materials, otherwise the walls and foundation will not withstand the additional load. Therefore, for these purposes, PVC panels, block house or lining are more often chosen.

How to insulate houses from a bar?

Let's look at the options for insulation for wooden buildings, which are located in the list by popularity, and at the same time find out how to insulate a log house from the outside using each of the materials:

Ecowool is applied using a special technique by wet spraying (there is also a dry blowing and manual method, but this one is simpler and more convenient). A 5–10 cm spray ball is enough (the thermal conductivity of ecowool is 0.032–0.041). The layer is leveled along the crate and is dried, after which it is possible.

Mineral wool is produced in the form of plates. For insulation under siding, a plate thickness of 50 mm will be sufficient (its thermal conductivity is 0.036). It is mounted using dish-shaped dowels.

Polyurethane foam is sprayed with a special PPU gun with a tank in protective clothing and a mask. Spray thickness can be adjusted. It is better to make 2 uniform thin layers of 5 mm each than one uneven one. The thermal conductivity of such a material is 0.023-0.041, depending on the deposition density.

Expanded polystyrene boasts thermal conductivity of 0.038-0.041. It is provided in plates of various thicknesses, but products with a thickness of 5 cm will be enough for us. Installation is carried out with special glue and mounting dowels.

The technology of external insulation of walls made of timber

For wooden buildings it is better to use, that is, when installing the crate and insulation, it is necessary to leave a small gap for the subsequent installation of the sheathing. In this case, finishing plaster is rarely used, and only if polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam is used for thermal insulation.

The crate on a wooden house for the subsequent laying of thermal insulation and finishing is always made from an ordinary bar with a section of 50/50 or 50/60 mm on a prepared surface, that is, after sealing the cracks, impregnating and marking.
The cells between the bars of the crate are filled with insulation according to the technology corresponding to the material. Since it is planned to install a ventilated facade, do not forget to lay a diffuse membrane over the thermal insulation, and then nail additional bars on top of those already installed.
Now you can begin the installation of finishing materials - a block house, lining or PVC panels. To do this, use nails or screws. Start by installing the lowest panel, which is installed with the spike up. Self-tapping screws are screwed into this spike. Thanks to this, the mount will be hidden from the influence of the external environment, which also looks more aesthetically pleasing.

If it is important for you how to insulate a house from a bar from the outside, then you can not save on materials and choose polyurethane foam, which provides a solid dense layer of high-quality thermal insulation. But in most cases, a dense ball of ecowool will suffice, followed by a thick block house finish.

Master of Architecture, graduated from the Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.

Wood is a warmer material than brick or concrete. But in most regions, anyway, the thickness of structures made of it, which satisfies heat engineering, is significant. To reduce the required thickness, effective methods of insulation are used. Warming can be carried out both from the inside and outside. This article discusses how to properly insulate an individual house from a bar outside with your own hands.

Advantages and disadvantages of thermal protection measures outside

Insulation of a house made of timber is designed to provide a comfortable microclimate in the room and prevent the destruction of load-bearing structures under the influence of cold. Protecting walls and other surfaces from the outside has the following advantages:

the dew point (the place of condensation) is located on the surface, which does not allow moisture to get into the thickness of the structure;
protection from the cold not only of the interior, but also of the supporting structures of the building;
there is no reduction in usable area.

But this scheme also has its drawbacks.:

the difficulty of doing the work with your own hands from the side of the street in bad weather conditions and with a significant height of the building;
the need for additional facade finishing (siding).

Many people choose timber as a wall material precisely because of its appearance. When insulated from the outside, the siding will close the logs and the original surface of the walls will be visible only from the inside. External insulation is correct to apply from the point of view of science, but it will not always suit the owner of the house. If it is necessary to preserve the original facade of the building, it is better to apply the scheme for installing thermal protection from the inside.

Materials for work

Insulation of a timber house can be performed using the following types of heat insulator:

mineral wool (basalt or glass);
foam insulation;
insulation with extruded polystyrene foam.

The easiest way to carry out work on the insulation of walls with your own hands usingpolystyrene foam(foam or extruded). To work with this material does not require special skills and special protective equipment.

Foam insulation

Do-it-yourself foam insulation has the following advantages:

low cost;
ease of installation;
the possibility of using under siding without an air gap device;
high thermal insulation characteristics;
durability of the heat insulator;
Styrofoam resistance to biological influences.

The disadvantages include:

combustibility;
low strength;
instability to wetting at low temperatures (destruction is possible);
when insulating walls with foam plastic from the outside, it is necessary to use siding or other durable material as a finish;
low vapor permeability requires careful attention to ventilation.

Some of the disadvantages of foam insulation can be avoided by using its closest relative. Do-it-yourself insulation with extruded polystyrene foam has higher strength and moisture resistance. Thanks to the addition of special antipyrine substances to the composition of the material, manufacturers have achieved a flammability class for some products G1 (low combustible). The last two disadvantages of thermal insulation with foam apply to extruded polystyrene foam.

Warming with mineral wool

The main advantages of thermal insulation with mineral wool walls include:

high degree of thermal insulation (low thermal conductivity);
fire resistance;
biological resistance;
durability.

For a wooden house, it is best to use thermal insulation with mineral wool. It, unlike the previous two types of insulation, does not prevent the movement of air through the wall structure and allows the house to "breathe".

The disadvantages include the following properties:

the possibility of scattering the material into individual fibers and getting these particles on the skin and lungs. The problem is relevant only for the installation period and is solved by the use of personal protective equipment by workers;
compared to foam insulation has a higher cost;
thermal insulation with mineral wool walls is able to absorb moisture and sag under its own weight.

It is important to remember that the installation of this insulation outside under the siding requires the obligatory installation of an air-ventilated layer with a thickness of at least 5 cm.

Warming technology

Work on thermal insulation of walls for siding is carried out in the following order:

before insulating a house from a bar, it is necessary to clean the surface of dirt and dust;
vapor barrier device (can be skipped when using extruded polystyrene foam);
installation of a heater;
fixing the waterproofing layer (for extruded material is also not necessary);
exterior decoration of the facade.

Polyethylene can be used as a vapor barrier, but it is better to purchase a special vapor-tight membrane.

The fixing of the material depends on its type. Mineral wool insulation is attached to the wall with dowels between the bars. Fastening polystyrene foam is best done with adhesives. This will provide the maximum degree of thermal insulation due to the integrity of the surface.

Proper insulation of the house will avoid many problems during operation and significantly save on heating the building.

When purchasing housing from a massive bar, for example, 150x150 mm or more, users believe that they have chosen a fairly warm material. However, in practice, it turns out that even such structures made of natural material need additional processing. We have to decide how to properly insulate a house from a bar from the outside, and what materials to use.

If additional insulation is not used correctly, then the outer walls should have a thickness of 350-400 mm to ensure high-quality protection in this case. Otherwise, the degree of insulation will be insufficient for a comfortable stay, even if all seams are reliably caulked. With a thin wall, with a significant decrease in temperature, even the beams themselves will begin to freeze.

Objective factors

Today, the insulation of a log house from the outside is not a difficult enough problem, since the market is full of all kinds of materials for such work. Most of the operations can be done by hand, guided by simple step-by-step instructions. To do this, you can use the presented text or video materials.

Before you insulate a log house, you need to know the positive and negative aspects of the process. The main advantages include:

increasing the efficiency of heating systems;
the outer surface of a log house receives additional protection from external adverse phenomena;
the owner of the house gets the opportunity to give the facade individuality;
the room does not take up space.

The disadvantages of processing outside the timber building include the inability to control the aging of the building material. In this case, it is necessary to follow the installation technologies in order to ensure the durability of the building and preserve the wood even without visual control.

When installing thermal insulation, you need a clear understanding of the technology in order to exclude premature aging of wood.

When choosing a finishing material, it is worth paying attention to its physical and chemical characteristics, which must satisfy the operational parameters:

external insulation of a house made of timber should be as fireproof as possible;
environmentally friendly materials are used;
minimum values of thermal conductivity;
the material must block the release of heat;
the structure of the insulation should not accumulate moisture;
steam capacity is provided;
the presence of soundproofing characteristics.

VIDEO: How to cheaply and quickly insulate a house outside

Features of warming a log house from the outside

It must be taken into account that the better it is to insulate a house from a bar from the outside, the less money you will need to spend on heating. You should also follow certain rules that contribute to obtaining the desired result. For example, insulating materials cannot be left outside for a long time, since possible precipitation helps to moisten it. This negatively affects the heat-shielding properties.

In some cases, the crate is placed horizontally with a step that is 12-15 mm less than the width of the material. In this case, it is allowed not to use additional fasteners, since the mineral wool block or other material will be held on its own.

The operation is carried out in one of the following ways:

a hinged ventilated facade is formed;
using a special installation, spraying with polyurethane is carried out;
sheets of modern polystyrene are involved.

How to insulate a house from a bar from the outside, each owner chooses for himself. The cost of work and materials, as well as their durability and efficiency, are taken into account.

The most acceptable option is to use the hinged ventilated facade method.

Its advantages are the characteristics:

high installation speed;
a large selection of modern high-quality materials for insulating the walls of a timber house;
the service life is guaranteed by the manufacturer up to several decades;
reduction of heating costs;
if in this way the log house is insulated from the outside, then the dew point will move beyond the dimensions of the tree.

Use of materials

The most popular materials for external wall protection are:

cotton wool from basalt;
fiberglass material;
mineral wool;
expanded polystyrene.

Due to the complex of positive properties, mineral wool is often used. Due to its minimal weight, it does not create a significant load on the walls and foundation. The financial costs are also not high. At the same time, it perfectly retains heat and is not a combustible material. Due to the lack of compaction, cold bridges are not created, and its physical parameters are resistant to thermal deformation of a wooden structure.

Often, insulation is carried out according to the type of block house. The outer part is covered with plastic siding decor. Installation includes several steps.

Step by step instructions for home insulation

At the first stage, a vapor barrier is provided for the system. You will need a large area of polyethylene, aluminum foil, rolls of roofing material, vapor barrier film. A vertical rack frame of bars 2.5 cm thick is attached to the walls, forming a grid with a step of 1 m. An oilcloth is stuffed on top of it for vapor barrier. Windows 15 mm in diameter are formed between the base rails to prevent the accumulation of moisture.

It is recommended to hide the places where the film is fixed with nails or staples with adhesive tape to protect the fasteners from moisture.

The second stage of insulation of a timber house consists of the formation of a frame for insulation. Here you will need boards with a section of 100x50 mm or 100x40 mm. Stuffing is carried out vertically on the edge. Since it is necessary to insulate a house from a bar without gaps, we select the distance between the ribs so that it is 1.5-2.0 cm less than the width of the insulation.

The fastening of the beam is carried out with self-tapping screws. We ensure verticality and correctness of installation with the help of a plumb line and a hydraulic level.

At the third step, we carry out a dense laying of the insulating material, eliminating cracks and gaps. If cotton wool 50 mm thick is used, then we put it in two layers. It is recommended to stock up on elastic semi-rigid boards having a density of 80-120 kg/m3. This insulation for housing is well kept in a wooden lattice.

The fourth step requires the creation of waterproofing. For this layer, a waterproofing film is used. She is obliged to release steam, but retain water. At the docking points, an overlap of about 10 cm is created, which must be sealed with self-adhesive (film).

A frame of slats with a section of 50x30 or 50x25 mm is stuffed over the waterproofing. Thus, an air gap is formed, which contributes to drying from condensate. The layer must be covered with a metal fine mesh. It is a reliable protection against rodents.

The outer layer performs a decorative function. It can be made from both plastic and lining. Such siding is selected based on the preferences of the owner of the house.

VIDEO: Rockwool - wall insulation from the outside under siding

Features of working with foam

For novice masters, this option of thermal insulation is preferable, since it does not require special skills, and the speed of work is high.

Among the advantages it is worth noting:

low price for the material;
siding can be attached directly to the material without crates;
retains heat well;
does not absorb water, therefore it does not freeze.

Among the disadvantages:

combustibility;
does not allow air to pass through, condensate accumulates under the layers, the walls from the inside can rot and become moldy.

The problem with vapor permeability can be solved by ventilation gaps and the installation of a high-quality membrane. As for flammability, it is worth choosing extruded polystyrene foam, which contains flame retardants. This material will also burn, but much more slowly, and small foci will fade.

Modern Russian insulation

Domestic development for sheltering the outer walls of a log house is the new material "Penoplex". It is offered to customers in the form of plates and is an extruded polystyrene foam.

Penoplex is ideal for the changeable Russian climate

A distinctive quality of the insulation is sufficient mechanical strength and excellent water-repellent properties. It does not develop molds or bacteria. The material can be laid both vertically and horizontally, and plastering is allowed on top of the outside.

VIDEO: The most common and gross mistake in wall insulation

It is important for every person that their housing be comfortable and warm, especially considering that our climate is rather harsh. When building a house from a bar, it is imperative to insulate the outside. This is the only way to achieve a good microclimate at a time when frosts rage outside the window. In this case, you can use a beam, the thickness of which will be less than 40 cm.

However, here you will have to spend a little money, because the problem of thermal insulation cannot be solved by sealing cracks and caulking. In severe frost, the timber can freeze directly. As a result, it becomes necessary to insulate the house from a bar from the outside, since this one is the most effective.

Advantages of warming the house from the outside

What you need to consider when insulating the walls of a timber house

First of all, use the right insulation;
be able to correctly estimate the thickness of the thermal insulation material;
laying should be carried out strictly according to technology;
it is necessary to carry out all necessary waterproofing actions;
to protect the log house from the ultraviolet radiation factor and so on.

External insulation can be equipped in several options:

with the help of a hinged ventilated facade;
with polyurethane coating.
with foam insulation.

No. 1 - Hinged ventilated facade

Warming with this method is one of the best options, because it has a number of advantages:

fairly quick installation;
a different choice of material for cladding, including rack profile, lining, siding, wooden facade board, porcelain stoneware and so on.
excellent heat and sound insulation;
the service life is approaching 50 years;
finishing materials can have a variety of colors;
significant reduction in heating costs;
the facade is resistant to atmospheric phenomena;
the displacement of the “dew point” beyond the outer wall is provided.

Scheme of a hinged ventilated facade

Warming technology

A layer of insulation is attached to the outer walls, after which it is closed with a decorative finish.

No. 2 - Laying insulation under the siding

Attention! If mineral wool is used as a heater, then a diffusion membrane should be used to protect it from moisture. It is a perforated film, which is able to pass evaporation to the outside, but does not allow atmospheric moisture to be absorbed into the insulation. If fiberglass or polystyrene is used, then they will not need moisture protection.

No. 3 - Polyurethane foam spraying method

This method has the following advantages:

This method is used for thermal insulation of the foundation, walls and basement of the house. It is quite popular during the installation of insulation of the outer walls of timber houses.

Finishing wall cladding

Sheathing a log house with plastic siding

To sheathe a house from a bar outside, it is advisable to use wooden boards, the thickness of which will be at least 25 mm. Also, they should be made of larch, pine or oak. In this case, an important parameter will be fulfilled, in which both the cladding and the walls will breathe better.

Wood plank finishes let the walls breathe

Important! During the installation of the cladding, special slots for ventilation should be created at the lower and upper edges of the facade. To prevent rain or snow from falling behind the facade, special visors can be mounted on the cracks.

In the next article we will look at - which insulation is best suited for this type?