A rational owner always thinks about how to wisely invest in the purchase of a solid fuel boiler for a private house and reduce the cost of it. further operation during the heating season. Which is better, more profitable, more convenient? What are the boilers for heating, their types, advantages and disadvantages will tell this article.
Types of solid fuel boilers for a private house
Prices for electricity and gas are rising from year to year, moreover, it is not always possible to connect to the highway. Thus, a solid fuel boiler can be considered reliable, autonomous and economical option home heating. With its pros and cons.
All existing boilers, which run on solid fuel, for convenience, can be divided as follows:
- Boilers, in the furnace of which fuel is supplied automatically, are pellet boilers. solid fuel boilers. They run on solid granular fuel. Pellet boilers are often referred to as boilers long burning.
- Boilers that require manual loading of fuel. They can also be divided into groups:
- classic or traditional boilers;
- pyrolysis boilers of upper combustion;
- long burning boilers.
The general parameter by which boilers are usually selected is the fuel combustion time at one load, as well as the type of fuel on which they operate efficiently.
Solid fuel boiler with hob
When choosing a solid fuel boiler for heating a summer house or a private house, you should pay attention to the following parameters:
- the number of working circuits. A double-circuit boiler will allow you to heat the room and provide hot water;
- the presence of a cooking burner will help solve the problem with cooking;
- boiler power and efficiency. A boiler with a capacity of 5-12 kW will be able to heat a house with an area of 100 square meters. m;
- dimensions, weight and ease of installation;
- boiler arrangement and fuel loading method;
- used fuel.
Advice. Solid fuel boilers are produced only on the floor, it is impossible to hang such a boiler on the wall.
Classic solid fuel boilers
This is the most common type of boilers. Made from cast iron or heat resistant steel. Heat is generated by burning solid fuel. Solid fuel boilers operate on coal, wood, peat, heating pellets. Used for heating, as well as for heating water. Most often they are heated with coal, as firewood burns quickly. The temperature sensor is responsible for maintaining the temperature in the boiler and regulates the air damper. When the temperature drops, the sensor opens the damper slightly and vice versa.
Classic solid fuel boiler
On one load of fuel they work from 2 to 6 hours. Absolutely autonomous: do not depend on electrical network and presence of gas. In more modern versions, electronic temperature sensors and a control panel are built-in, as well as a boost fan, which makes the operation process more comfortable.
Advantages:
- time-tested technology;
- simple and reliable in use;
- relatively low cost wide range manufacturers, models and prices for boilers;
- the ability to use fuel available in your area;
- autonomy - connection to the mains is not required;
- low level of efficiency;
- simple boiler piping;
- low cost of fuel compared to energy carriers and gas tariffs.
Flaws:
- it is necessary to equip a warehouse for storing fuel reserves;
- small depth of temperature regulation;
- inertia of the fuel combustion process;
- the need for fuel delivery and preparation.
Advice. Coal flares up slowly and gradually, maintaining approximately the same temperature in the furnace. Firewood and its by-products ignite faster, so they cannot immediately fill the entire firebox. This will result in a short-term highlight a large number heat and overheating of the boiler, which is very dangerous.
Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers
Pyrolysis boilers are relatively new technology. used this species boilers for heating and water heating. They have two combustion chambers. In the first chamber, the fuel itself burns with artificial oxygen deficiency. During combustion, volatile substances are released, which burn in the second chamber.
Pyrolysis boilers work on wood, fuel briquettes, pellets, brown coal, there are models with the consumption of coke and coal. The fuel must be dry, otherwise water vapor entering the second chamber can extinguish the boiler. Some pyrolysis boilers are equipped with a thermostatic air regulator and devices that protect the boiler from boiling. In case of boiling, the thermostatic valve will release water by opening the damper, and the temperature inside the boiler will drop.
Advantages:
- Efficiency not less than 90%;
- minimum amount of ash and soot formation;
- 2-4 times additional fuel is required;
- convenient and reliable in use;
- the fuel burns completely, the ash pan does not need to be cleaned often;
- reduced emission of harmful smoke into the atmosphere;
- you can burn large unchopped firewood.
Flaws:
- complex design of the boiler;
- high price;
- wood must be dry (no more than 20% moisture);
- connection to the mains is required;
- at a load of half the power, combustion is unstable, tar is formed in the gas ducts;
- there is no way to automate the process of fuel supply.
Advice. The boiler can be installed in almost any technical room with an organized air supply. The chimney is organized internal or external.
Pellet solid fuel boilers, boilers with automatic fuel supply
In Europe, this type of boilers is very popular. They are used for heating, as well as for heating water for domestic needs. Pellets are used as fuel for these boilers - pressed shavings, sawdust from wood. The main important convenience is automation. They do an excellent job of maintaining the set temperature. All that is required of you is to fill the bunker with fuel at the beginning of the heating season. An auger is built into the boiler, which independently feeds pellets into the furnace. The only disappointing thing is that, apart from pellets, nothing can be burned.
Advantages:
- durability, service life more than 20 years;
- fuel refueling automation;
- automatic ignition;
- Efficiency 90%;
- keep the set temperature stable.
Flaws:
- works only on wood pellets;
- high cost of fuel and equipment;
- connection to the mains is required.
Important. The use of unsuitable fuel leads to excessive fuel consumption and may cause damage to the equipment.
Long burning boilers
This type of boilers is able to work on coke, brown and hard coal, peat briquettes, firewood, wood chips, sawdust. Those models that are designed to work only on wood differ only in the air supply system and the materials from which the combustion chamber is made. Up to 50 kg of fuel can be loaded at one time. Firewood burning time from 12 hours to two days. If the firebox is filled with coal, then the burning time will be from four days to a week. If it is warmer outside, and there is no need to heat much, then you can reduce the boiler power by 10% by simply lowering the fuel burning rate.
Long-burning boilers are boilers of a new generation. In many models, the boiler has a bottom, which indicates complete tightness. Solid fuel burns in such a boiler from top to bottom. That's why they can run for so long on a single load. The fuel does not burn all at once, but only the first 10-20 cm. The air that is supplied to the furnace is heated by the outgoing smoke, and then enters the combustion zone with the help of a recuperator. The air distributor is always at the combustion level of the fuel.
Advantages:
- non-volatile;
- with one load of coal they work up to 5 days, and with firewood - up to 2 days;
- deep power adjustment;
- ash is taken out 2-3 times a month;
- the price of such a boiler is lower than the pyrolysis one, but higher than the classic solid fuel boiler for long burning.
Flaws:
- The efficiency is low;
- Work full cycle without the possibility of refueling;
- in addition, it is necessary to install a circulation pump that operates from the network.
Advice. Some manufacturers provide interchangeable burners, which allows the user to easily switch from one type of fuel to another (for example, from coal to pellets) without losing the comfort of using the boiler. The user only needs to change the burner and reconfigure the automation.
How to heat a house with a solid fuel boiler: video
Solid fuel boiler for home: photo
It is no secret that in terms of economy and ease of use, the most convenient is gas heating. In cases where the settlement is located at a considerable distance from the gas main, it is most rational to equip the autonomous heat supply with a solid fuel stake.
The use of autonomous boiler equipment has a number of features that inexperienced owners may simply not be aware of. For example, with coal-fired solid fuel boilers, a lot of questions can arise, since such boilers have rather peculiar behavior and characteristics. How to heat the boiler with coal will be discussed in this article.
The heating unit is the basis of any heating system, so its choice should be given Special attention. Modern solid fuel boilers of long burning, which have high heat transfer and increased productivity, have proven themselves well. They are affordable.
The difference between a mine-type boiler and other types of wood-fired units is that it solid fuel burns for a long time and does not need to be thrown up often. Long-term burning of wood is ensured by a significant volume of the furnace compartment. At the same time, firewood is burned slowly.
Modern solid fuel boilers are technological installations that allow high-quality heating a private house while saving on resources. In this article we will talk about how to assemble a solid fuel boiler with our own hands, and what types of such units are.
Wood-fired boilers are still in demand in country houses possessions. And even gasification of small settlements is not able to change this trend. If desired, you can mount a heating system with a home-made wood-fired heating boiler.
The popularity of solid fuel boilers is explained by their independence from electricity, ease of operation, efficiency and availability of fuel. In cases where there are no funds to purchase a factory model, such a heater can be built independently.
The cost of heating individual residential buildings has increased over the years, and homeowners are increasingly interested in options that allow this very cost to be reduced. One of the options for cheap heating equipment are wood boilers, the operation of which is associated with considerable savings.
The smoke exhauster belongs to devices of electromechanical type. It is designed to remove fuel combustion products from furnaces and boilers and is an exhaust fan mounted in chimneys. Such devices are indispensable elements of steam and water heating units for industrial use.
Solid fuel heating appliances"Cooper" Russian production from the Teplodar company appeared on sale about ten years ago, but they still have no worthy competitors. The fact is that before consumers were offered either expensive foreign-made products or low-quality domestic devices.
Modern, efficient and affordable heating units are in demand heating equipment. Heating boilers operating on solid fuel fully provide heat not only for private households, but also for technical premises.
Continuous operation of the heating unit is impossible without a properly equipped chimney. Regardless of the material from which it is made chimney for a solid fuel boiler, it is designed to provide traction, remove combustion products and flue gases to the outside, preventing their penetration into residential premises.
AT modern systems space heating, working on solid fuel, it is possible to install three-way valve for a solid fuel boiler, which helps to regulate the temperature of the coolant going to the batteries. This is also relevant due to the fact that in systems that operate on solid fuels, there is such a problem as sudden overheating and boiling of a liquid that acts as a coolant. It is not always possible to control this process, so the installation of such equipment also plays the role of a security system.
The popularity of solid fuel boilers for heating a private house is explained by their independence from electricity and gasification. These devices make it possible to organize efficient work autonomous system home heating.
Many owners of private housing believe that it is impossible to save on heating with solid fuel boiler but they are very wrong. If you correctly approach the choice of the boiler and the design of the heating system, then you can do quite economical heating. True, the process of installation and configuration of equipment will have to be taken with all responsibility, as well as when installing a wall-mounted gas boiler in a private house.
Hot water solid fuel boilers are considered the best option heating when it comes to large rooms industrial purposes, as well as residential buildings with several apartments. Such equipment is distinguished by reliability and high quality characteristics. In the article below, we will consider what a hot water solid fuel heating boiler is, how it differs from other solid fuel heating options, and what types of such equipment are.
solid fuel heating becomes a real salvation in several cases. For example, with the high cost of electricity or the remoteness of the house from the gas main. But in order to provide your home with warmth during the cold season, you will need to decide on several heating parameters, and first of all - with the type of fuel.
To calculate home heating systems, you can use the calculator for calculating heating, heat loss at home.
Choice of fuel.
The main factor influencing functionality of solid fuel heating- the type of fuel that will be used to heat the house. It can be of two types:
- Fossil (peat, coal, oil shale);
- Renewable (firewood).
Depending on the type of fuel, system performance will change, such as heat generation, speed, heat resistance of the boiler walls and grates, as well as air volume. solid fuel heating will work with maximum performance on fuel with the highest heat transfer rate: on firewood from birch and oak or on coal-anthracite. The benefits of these fuels include:
- Less ash is formed;
- No need for a large storage bin;
- More warmth.
It may seem that the high cost of these fuels will lead to extra costs, but in practice their use leads to savings.
The choice of solid fuel boiler.
Having decided on the type of fuel, you should start choosing a boiler with which solid fuel heating will work as efficiently as possible. They are classic, automatic, pyrolysis and long burning. Each group has its own characteristics.
classic boilers.
If installed classic boiler, solid fuel heating will work on the principle of a conventional fire, that is, to generate heat, the fuel will be burned by a flame. Special grate optimizes the combustion process, and the scraper settings and manual feed are responsible for the amount of air supplied to the furnace. The heat exchanger of such a boiler can be made of cast iron or steel.
Classic boilers have the following advantages:
- Ability to work with several types of fuel;
- Possibility of mounting liquid fuel or gas burner;
- Complete independence from electricity, thanks to which solid fuel heating becomes truly autonomous.
But there are also disadvantages, including:
- The need for frequent fuel loading;
- The need for a sufficient amount of space where fuel can be stored;
- It will be necessary to allocate a special room for placing a boiler room in it.
Automatic boilers
AT automatic boilers fuel loading and ash removal processes are automated. Fuel enters the combustion chamber through a screw or conveyor hopper. In order for solid fuel heating with such a boiler to work stably, it will be necessary to select fuel that is uniform in size and composition.
Advantages of automatic boilers:
- High efficiency - up to 85%;
- Long work;
- Possibility of fine tuning due to the limited capacity of the hopper and the homogeneity of the fuel used.
Their disadvantages:
- High price;
- The need for energy, a separate room, a fireproof ash collector and qualified maintenance.
pyrolysis boilers.
AT pyrolysis boilers For combustion, the gases released during the decomposition of the fuel are used. This is due to the action high temperatures with insufficient air supply. The design of such a boiler implies the presence of two chambers separated by grates. The lower one is used for loading, the upper one is for combustion. After filling and igniting the fuel combustion chamber closes, and a fan is activated in the upper chamber, providing pressurization and mixing clean air with smoldering air coming from the lower chamber. This causes the mixture to ignite and the fire is directed to the fuel through ceramic nozzles. Since no oxygen enters the chamber with fuel, it begins to burn. This process of decomposition and gasification of fuel is called pyrolysis. It continues until the fuel is completely burned.
Advantages of pyrolysis boilers:
- High efficiency - up to 90%;
- Up to 10 hours of operation on one load of fuel;
- Solid fuel heating is not demanding on the chimney;
- High environmental friendliness.
Flaws:
- Dependence on energy;
- High price;
- With incomplete loading, combustion will be unstable;
- High requirements to the dryness of the fuel.
Boilers of long burning.
The last group of boilers that can work solid fuel heating- long-burning boilers. There are a few special systems providing long-term combustion of the fuel. The first is the Canadian Buleryan boiler system. The principle of its operation is based on the presence of a two-chamber wood burning stove, divided horizontally. In the lower chamber, gases are released as a result of smoldering fuel. Entering the upper chamber, they are mixed with secondary air through a jet, which leads to afterburning of the fuel. The second system is Stropuva. It is a high barrel, the height of which can reach 3 m. The tank is filled with fuel and covered with a movable lid, to which the chimney is connected. After burning firewood, their economical burning and heating of the heat carrier along the barrel jacket begins. Solid fuel heating, operating on such a system, provides for automatic control of the air supply.
Chimney.
Solid fuel heating will not work properly if the parameters of the chimney differ from those required. Be sure to provide for the possibility of cleaning the chimney. Soot buildup can cause spontaneous combustion and fire.
The nuances of using solid fuel boilers.
solid fuel heating is cyclical. It is due to the need to follow a certain sequence: laying fuel - burning fuel - burning. This leads to temperature fluctuations in the rooms and wear of the heat exchangers. But there is a solution to this problem, and it is based on the use of heat accumulators or thermally insulated containers (the volume of such a container can be 500-1000 liters). While the fuel is burning in the boiler, heat will be accumulated, and if heat transfer decreases and the boiler is attenuated, it will be given off. Thereby solid fuel heating will work stably and temperature fluctuations will be less significant.
As for the heat power, there is a common and proven method for choosing this indicator: 1 kW of power per 10 square meters. m area of the house. Due to the instability of the fuel and the condition of the chimney, it is recommended to increase the resulting figure by 40% in order to solid fuel heating had sufficient performance.
Today, solid fuel heating of a private house is the most reliable and easiest way to heat residential premises. The design of water heating systems includes boilers, which are the main heat generators, batteries and pipelines. The transmitter of thermal energy in such systems is a liquid medium, either antifreeze, or water constantly circulating through the pipeline. The working heating of the boiler can come from natural gas, coal, kerosene, firewood or other inexpensive and affordable fuel.
Modern water heating systems country house can be executed in two types, these are systems that have in their design the natural circulation of the heat carrier (gravitational system) and systems with forced circulation liquid coolant. In the first system, fluid circulation occurs due to different density between cold and hot water. The operational advantages of this heating system are its autonomy (no dependence on electricity) and structural simplicity.
Heating system with forced circulation of the coolant
As for systems with forced circulation, its efficiency depends on the circulation pump, which ensures the circulation of the coolant. In this system, to remove excess water, which is formed during heating, a expansion tank. Forming closed loop, forced heating systems exclude the evaporation of the coolant, which indicates their reliability and safety. Other benefits of this system include the following:
- less use of pipes in heating structure;
- a small amount of coolant in the heating system;
- use of all types of heating batteries;
- the possibility of using antifreeze;
- adjustment of the temperature balance with the help of special taps;
- the possibility of using pipes with a smaller working section than in systems with natural circulation.
If we talk about the advantages of water heating of apartments or a private house, then it should be noted such as: economic benefits, safety of use and reliability, energy independence, smooth distribution of heat over the entire area of the house, ease of operation and much more.
Modern types of water heating systems
Statistics say that about 90 percent of private country houses are heated using water heating systems. And this is not surprising, such a system is simple, reliable, efficient and cost-effective. It is worth noting its technological diversity, the most popular of which include:
- plinth water heating;
- "warm floor" system;
- heating with radiators (radiator).
Heating radiators can be steel, bimetallic, cast iron, aluminum and are a common occurrence in the interior of almost any house or apartment. The advantages of this method of heating are simplicity, high heat transfer and even heating of the whole house.
Plinth heating resembles in its functionality both radiator and "warm floor" systems. Mounted at the level of the plinth along the perimeter of the rooms. Differs in uniform heating of the floor and walls, and therefore good warm-up premises in general. The system is reliable and stands out for its aesthetic appeal.
Underfloor heating in solid fuel heating is known for a high degree of correct heat transfer: at the bottom there is more warm air, cool rushes up. The system is reliable, invisible and safe during operation. Requires some fiddling with the correct installation.
Figure 3
Volatile installations
The principle of operation and the device of the pyrolysis boiler Wattek PYROTEK.
The operation of the unit is carried out in automatic mode, for which each PYROTEK model has a control panel that allows you to upgrade with the addition of the circuit with other regulating and control circuits. Using the panel, the user can make adjustments to the settings circulation pumps CH and DHW, as well as exhaust fan based on the obtained data on the temperature of the boiler heat carrier. Temperature regime water in the system can be regulated using the boiler thermostat. The control panel also has a minimum temperature thermostat that deactivates the fan if the coolant temperature drops to 50 °C. For convenience, the panel can also be connected to a room temperature sensor, which will affect the functionality of the pyrolysis boiler.
Advantages:
- Various functional modes (summer, DHW priority, with weekly program settings).
- Making stable adjustments that are effective over a long period of time (up to 1 week).
- Clear interaction of all functionality with room temperature provides the specified comfort environment.
Flaws:
- relatively high costs for the purchase of equipment,
- the dimensions of the working chamber limit the amount of loading.
Figure 4
Non-volatile pyrolysis plants
As an example, let's take the pyrolysis non-volatile boiler "Bourgeois-K" for consideration.
The heat carrier is sent to the unit through the return pipe (8), where, receiving heat from the boiler water jacket (12, 13, 14), it is sent to the heating system. The fuel should be placed in the combustion chamber (19), in which the combustion procedure is carried out in the absence of oxygen. The volume of air in the chamber is regulated by the primary air supply door (3), the mode of operation of which can be found in more detail in the section “Firebox Rules”. In automated models, its operation is controlled by a temperature control sensor. In the combustion process, pyrolysis gas is produced, which is sent to the afterburner of exhaust gases (17), where it is mixed by means of afterburner injectors with calibrated holes, with preheated secondary air (11). Thus, a thermochemical reaction occurs in which fuel gases burn, releasing thermal energy. Residual carbon monoxide are disposed of through the branch pipe (6) and the chimney into the atmosphere.
This complexity, which lies in the design of the boiler itself and the process of fuel combustion, contributes to a significant increase in the burning time on one fuel tab.
Advantages:
- consumption is reduced by 4 times fuel resources, on average, heating 100 m 2 will require up to 17 kg of firewood per day;
- time and effort of the user are saved, for whom it is enough to carry out the next filling of fuel no more than once every 12 hours on wood and at 15 hours on coal;
- non-volatility of the boiler eliminates the cost of electricity and protection of equipment from power failures;
- the pyrolysis heat generator has relatively small dimensions, which allows it to be installed anywhere;
- the boiler consumes almost all combustible materials as fuel energy resources.
Flaws:
- The inability to make adjustments to the parameters of the set home temperature.
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