The quality of assembly of furniture and the reliability of its operation are largely influenced by fasteners designed to connect individual elements to each other and used for mounting products. Of course, the type and design features of fasteners depend on the category of furniture and its operating conditions.
The modern industry offers a sufficient number of new fastening accessories that greatly facilitate the assembly of furniture and increase the durability of its use in the most adverse conditions. For example, kitchen designs made from cheap particle board are more likely to fail by delamination of the panel or peeling of the decorative coating than to fail due to poor quality or reliability of fasteners.
Today, in the industrial and independent manufacture of furniture products, quite a lot of types of fasteners are used, which differ in functionality, method of fixation, size and protective coating.
Categories of fasteners
If half a century ago, the main elements for assembling furniture components were wooden dowels, and the installation of various specimens at the place of operation was carried out using nails or screws, today the range of accessories for connecting individual parts and furniture elements has expanded significantly.
Modern fastening and connecting parts can be divided into several categories, including both highly specialized products and universal fittings:
The most common types of furniture fasteners
Consider the most common groups of connecting and fixing fittings for furniture, the features of its installation and operation.
Pan-head or bell-head screws, and bolts with a fixing mustache or square head are the main examples used to fasten individual panels of frame furniture. Thanks to the fixing mustache or square head, the bolt (screw) is fixed in the hole of the chipboard, which prevents it from turning. Due to this design feature, the assembler has the ability to tighten the nut without additional fixation of the screw.
Universal screws with a countersunk or semi-countersunk head have slots of various shapes (phillips, with an internal hexagon, a straight slot, and others) and are designed for fastening individual assembly parts inside furniture structures. They are used for:
On a note!
When using universal screws, either screwdrivers with interchangeable bits or screwdriver sets with interchangeable tips are used.
Confirmates (Euroscrews) in modern furniture production are the most popular type of fastening and fixing devices. This type is used for fastening any parts made of chipboard or MDF panels.
Before screwing the euro screws, holes are pre-drilled in the parts using a special confirmation drill, the diameter of which depends on the diameter of the fixing element. To screw this type of fastener, it is used either with special bits or screwdrivers with seed nozzles. The type of bit or nozzle depends on the type of slot.
Eccentrics are other fittings, bearing the somewhat exotic name of rastexes and minifixes, which allow you to connect and pull panels located at right angles to each other. Despite the obvious advantages of this category of fasteners, their main disadvantages are:
- the need for additional milling of furniture panels, for the installation of individual fastener parts;
- relatively high cost.
- high accuracy of marking and the complexity of installing individual fasteners;
On a note!
To install individual minifix parts, you will need three different types of woodworking tools - one end mill and two drills of different diameters.
Furniture corners have established themselves as a reliable, easy-to-install element. Today they can be made either from metal or from special, high-strength plastic. In industrial production, the color of the plastic corner is matched to the color of the furniture.
Modern furniture dowels are made of wood, plastic or metal. Their main advantages are low cost and ease of connecting furniture parts to each other. To increase the reliability of the connection, there is a corrugation on the surface of the dowels.
Special types of fasteners
Today, furniture, the individual parts of which are made of glass sheets or in the form of mirrors, is becoming increasingly popular. If ten years ago glass was mainly used as doors for furniture cabinets and showcases or doors for shelving and shelves, today you will not surprise anyone with a glass top for a coffee or dining table.
To interconnect glass parts and furniture elements made of other materials, special types of fittings are used, which are attached to glass surfaces with the help of special adhesives, by wrinkling clips with rubber gaskets or by drilling holes in the glass. When choosing this category of fittings, it is necessary to pay attention to the weight that it can withstand, which is especially stipulated in the instructions for its use.
The review will focus on the latest furniture fittings.
When carrying out construction, repair and other works, in mechanical engineering ..., in almost any production it is impossible, or extremely difficult, to do without the use of various kinds of fasteners. Metal fasteners are a guarantee of reliable connection of individual parts to each other. The most common and popular fasteners are considered to be hardware - metal products.
Fastener classification
1. Anchor fasteners are technically complex steel products that carry high loads (up to 5 tons).
2. Screws and self-tapping screws are the most commonly used and easy-to-use type of fastener. It has a very wide distribution and application.
3. Metric fasteners are the most reliable and common type (nuts, bolts, washers, etc.)
4. Dowels - mainly products made of propylene or nylon. Used in conjunction with screws or self-tapping screws.
5. Nails - made of metal for attaching parts to wooden bases.
6. Tapes perforated with holes - made from sheet steel (corners, perforated tape ...). Often used in the construction of wooden houses.
7. Rigging fasteners - are used for fastening and moving various loads (cables, chains, carabiners ...).
Anchor fasteners
There are several types of anchors:
- driving anchor - a metal sleeve. Threaded on one side, cut on the other side. There is a wedge inside, which, when hammered (mainly into concrete), securely holds the mounted structure;
- wedge - also used in concrete and natural stones. Clogged and additionally twisted with a wrench;
- expanding - a special expanding mechanism opens inside the base;
- chemical anchor - a pre-prepared hole is filled with a chemical composition and a fastening rod is inserted.
Electrical fasteners
Some types:
- dowel-bracket for round and flat wires;
- cable tie;
- universal wire clamp;
- fixing flat and round wire;
- clamps;
- fixings for corrugated pipes, PVC and cables.
Self-tapping screws and screws
Divided by type of head:
- hexagonal;
- semi-cylindrical;
- secret;
- hemispherical;
- with a cross slot.
The types of tips differ:
- with a sharp end;
- in the form of a drill.
Depending on the application, they are divided into:
- for connecting wooden parts;
- for connecting metal parts;
- roofing.
Protection of fasteners by electroplating
Serves to increase service life. Anti-corrosion coating can be:
- copper;
- tin;
- zinc;
- nickel;
- cadmium.
Drywall has become a very popular material for interior decoration in recent years. This is a very inexpensive and versatile material that allows you to easily align walls or ceilings, create niches or shelves.
In addition to the competent choice of the material itself, it is also necessary to choose the right fasteners for it.
Fasteners for the frame
The choice of fasteners for a drywall profile also has a lot of nuances.
To attach a metal profile, small self-tapping screws, popularly called "bugs", are widely used.
If the thickness of the profile used is not more than 1.2 mm, then self-tapping screws with pointed ends are used for fasteners. With a profile thickness of 1.2 to 2 mm, self-tapping screws with drills at the end are used.
Also, dowel-nails are used for this purpose.
Fasteners for houses made of wooden beams or calibrated wood are a separate line. Due to the shrinkage of the entire structure, when creating a frame for drywall, it is necessary to use floating fasteners. This will help keep the height of the frame without deformation.
Fasteners on the frame
To understand what type of drywall fasteners you need, you need to know which frame the GPL will be attached to.
The strength of the finished structure greatly depends on this choice. You also need to know some of the nuances of the use and manufacture of fasteners.
self-tapping screws
Self-tapping screws are a very popular material for the installation of gypsum boards. For this purpose, products are used that comply with GOST 10619-80, 11652-80. Self-tapping screws consist of a head with a recess (slot), a threaded rod and a tip. Self-tapping screws with a fine thread pitch are used for fastening the GPK.
These products are suitable for the installation of drywall sheets both to a wooden frame and to a metal profile. The advantages of choosing these products are their low price, reliable fastening, no need to drill the profile before installation.
The choice of self-tapping screws depends on the thickness of the selected metal profile. For a profile with a thickness of less than 0.9 mm, universal self-tapping screws with a two-start thread are well suited. For a profile up to 2 mm thick, it is necessary to purchase self-tapping screws with a drill-shaped tip.
Self-tapping screws with a press washer
Self-tapping screws with a press washer have a flat, wide head, which provides good clamping force and does not "tear" drywall during installation.
For mounting drywall sheets to a thin profile, products with a sharp tip are used, and for a thick profile - with a drill tip.
To use these self-tapping screws, special nozzles for a drill or screwdriver are used.
Fasteners for drywall
To attach shelves and other elements to drywall, dowels of various designs and anchors are used. The choice of these products depends on the weight of the items fixed on the drywall.
In order to determine which drywall fasteners are needed in this case, determine the approximate weight of the product that will be attached to the drywall.
If the weight is less than 5 kg, then dowels and butterflies can be used. Anchor bolts will help support the weight of the shelves up to 150 kg per mount.
dowels
If drywall must withstand a load of up to 5 kg, then an ordinary self-tapping screw is suitable for fastening. On such a mount, you can hang photo frames, hooks for keys, towels or wall clocks.
Objects weighing from 6 to 10 kg must already be fastened to the screw dowels. With their help, you can hang mirrors and small shelves. If the drywall sheet is two-layer, then one fixing unit can already withstand 15 kg. In this case, a dowel "snail" or a dowel-nail will do.
When installing large pieces of furniture and appliances up to 10 kg, butterfly fasteners for drywall will help. When the screw is screwed in, the dowel expands significantly behind the plasterboard, which ensures reliable fastening.
If a two-layer drywall was used during the repair, then this product will withstand a load of 25 kg.
The “moth” dowel has a similar design, while it works according to a similar principle, but is made of metal, which allows it to withstand significant loads of more than 25 kg per fastening unit. The downside of this product is the high price.
Anchor bolts
To hang particularly heavy objects like a gas column or a water heater, you need to purchase anchor bolts that will be attached to the main walls behind the drywall.
Spring dowels are widely used for fastening lamps, racks and other heavy products.
Before going to the hardware store to buy fasteners, be sure to write down the characteristics of the selected drywall and frame material.
Carefully study the specifications of the fasteners, this will help you know the size of the product, the maximum drilling depth, material and coating, as well as the weight that the fastener can support.
For non-professionals, it is best to write down the characteristics of the selected products after purchase and mark the manufacturer, you can also take a photo of drywall fasteners on your phone so as not to lose data about the desired product when you re-purchase.
Photo fasteners for drywall
The question of how and with what to fix something on a wall or ceiling interests many people. Previously, everything was simpler - apart from nails, dowels and screws, nothing was used on the farm. Now times are different - other repair and construction technologies are used, which has led to an increase in the variety of fasteners. In this article, together with the site site, we will study all the main fasteners of our time, deal with their purpose and determine in which cases it is advisable to use one or another fastener.
Existing types of fasteners
Fasteners: varieties of self-tapping screws
There are not so many varieties of self-tapping screws. They can only be classified according to three main features: according to the material into which they are screwed, according to size and purpose.
According to the materials, self-tapping screws are divided into two subspecies:
- self-tapping screws for metal;
- wood screws.
There should be no questions here. Both those and other self-tapping screws can be produced in various lengths, diameters, and they can also have different thread pitches. As a rule, types of self-tapping screws for metal are distinguished by a fine thread pitch, while the same product, intended for fastening wooden products, has a large thread pitch.
Types of self-tapping screws photo
It should also be noted that metal screws can be of two types - self-drilling and those that require pre-drilling of the metal to tighten. The former have a small drill at the tip - its size characterizes the thickness of the metal into which these products can be screwed. A prominent representative of such self-tapping screws are the notorious "texes" that are used to connect. As for the second subgroup of metal screws, they include a black self-tapping screw used to attach drywall to the profile.
In addition to the above, all self-tapping screws can be classified according to their purpose. In a separate group, roofing fasteners of this type and general-purpose self-tapping screws can be distinguished. Roofing screws have a wide head with a press washer that seals the hole to prevent water from flowing through it. By the way, self-tapping screws for the profile, which are used in the installation of drywall structures, are general-purpose products.
Self-tapping screws for wood photo
Anchor: types and applications
Quite a lot of people are trying to use this fastener for other purposes. For example, quite often with their help they try to attach objects to. The result of this, as a rule, are frayed nerves and huge holes left after removing them from the wall. It should be remembered that the anchor is a stud and is intended for use in, and in soft materials they simply scroll.
Now let's talk about the types of anchors. It is difficult to classify them, since they have a general purpose. In this regard, only three types of anchors can be distinguished: these are the fixing anchor, the hook anchor and the loop anchor. The first can be called universal, the second are designed to hang objects on them, and to cling to something for the third.
Fasteners: anchors
All anchor screws can also be divided into two parts according to their design (the principle of their expansion). In one case, the anchor may have a bolt with a wedge at the end (they are clamped with a nut), and in the other case, the wedge itself is a nut (tightened by rotating the bolt). All anchors are produced in a fixed range of standard sizes - the smallest has a length of 50mm, and the diameter can be 6 or 8mm. The size of the largest anchor is 400mm long by 22mm in diameter.
The question of how to install an anchor bolt is solved very simply - the main thing is to choose the right size of the drill. If the anchor has a diameter of 10mm, then you need to drill a hole with a drill of the same diameter - you should not count on the fact that the anchor will be clamped in a 12mm hole. It won't happen, no matter how hard you try. Winding on anchors also costs nothing - there is no sense in this. Then it’s simple - the anchor is inserted into the hole and clamped with all the force with a screwdriver or open-end wrench.
Anchor sizes
Dowels: purpose and varieties
There are only three varieties of these fasteners - a metal dowel (familiar to almost everyone since childhood), a mounting one with a plastic stopper and a spacer, which is scientifically called the "Bierbach dowel". Let's start in order.
How to attach objects to drywall: molly
There is a single fastener that allows you to attach anything to drywall. The people call it "Molly" from the name of the manufacturer that developed this fastener. Such a mount consists of two parts - a hollow folding tube with slots and a nut at the end and a screw. As the screw is screwed in, the tube is folded and crimped on one side of the drywall and the other.
There are two types of such fasteners - a metal and plastic molly screw. Metal, of course, is more reliable - it is mounted using special tongs. To install plastic fasteners, it is enough to drill a hole with a diameter of 8 mm, insert fasteners into it and tighten the self-tapping screw.
Fastener Molly photo
It should be understood that only light products can be hung on “clean” drywall in this way. If we are talking about medium-weight objects, then in the place of their attachment it is necessary to install a mortgage profile. Things that are too heavy (such as a TV) are best installed using studs with collets or long anchor screws.
At the end of the topic, I would like to give a few words to the studs with collets, which are used to fasten something at a great distance from the plane. With their help, it is quite easy to hang large and dimensional objects on the ceiling. Such fasteners consist of two separate parts - studs and collets. As the pin is screwed into the collet, the latter expands and wedged into the pre-drilled hole. Studs can have different diameters and a standard length of 1m.
Types of fasteners molly
These fasteners are used in modern repair and construction. In addition to the fasteners described above, there are other less common, but at the same time unique products of their kind - they are called specialized, and they are used to solve narrow-profile tasks. Of course, screws with bolts should also be mentioned, but everyone knows about them, and these fasteners differ only in length, diameter and thread pitch.
Any product assembled from separate parts does not fall apart due to reliable fasteners, which are often hidden from view. These elements are usually inexpensive, but the strength and durability of the structure as a whole depends on them.
Take a look at the photo of metal fasteners, it is presented in a large assortment, it has a modern design. Its role has increased due to the development of advanced technologies in construction and the emergence of new roofing materials: fasteners make it possible to speed up finishing work.
What fastener to choose? Primary requirements
Fasteners for metal structures should be selected especially carefully, the safety of people often depends on this. It is necessary that fasteners meet the basic requirements and have the following characteristics:
Strength. This parameter directly depends on the quality of the materials used in the production, it is also important that the technology is strictly observed in the manufacture. An example of a product that meets the required quality standards is fasteners made of metal, TM Zubr.
Anti-corrosion resistance. Special protection is applied to products, galvanized coating is considered one of the most common, it is easy to distinguish it from others by its characteristic light silver color.
Zinc can be applied to the surface in two different ways: to obtain a hot-dip galvanized coating, metal parts are immersed in zinc at a temperature of 450-480 degrees, the hot metal layer can be from 50 to 150 microns.
The second method is called galvanization; its essence lies in the fact that an electrozinc coating is applied to the part by electrolysis, the layer thickness can vary within: 5 - 35 microns.
Another common anti-corrosion protection is passivation in a special solution with chromic acid. Any fastener for a metal profile is lowered into the solution, due to which the surface of the part is completely covered with a thin oxide film with increased strength.
Scratches do not affect the yellow chromate film with a silvery tint, yellow passivated fasteners are not subject to corrosion.
You should choose the right types of metal fasteners, if you plan to subsequently paint or putty the building structure, buy fasteners with a corrosion-resistant coating that adheres reliably to paints and varnishes and putty.
There are 2 ways to obtain such a coating: phosphating and oxidation, the first method involves chemical treatment using depolarizers and phosphates, and the second - using alkaline solutions.
In both cases, black products are obtained, which are sold in hardware stores along with fasteners that have only an anti-corrosion coating.
How do I know if a fastener is suitable for mounting?
Suitability is influenced by 2 parameters: well-thought-out design and the production of a working profile with the utmost precision.
The working profile is the shape of the surface of the tool, due to which the force is transmitted from the tool to the fastener when unscrewing or twisting, and it is not at all necessary to have remarkable strength to work with it.
Manufacturers produce various working profiles, if the tip is inserted into the head of a screw or screw, this working profile is called internal, if we consider the external working profile, the tool covers the fixing head.
It is better to choose fasteners with a large total area, which means that the fastener and the working part of the tool have a lot of "contact spots".
The dynamics of the growth of "contact spots" depending on the increase in load also plays an important role, which should not be forgotten. It is recommended to use working profiles if their total area increases with the application of effort.
Why does the fastener break?
Metal or metal can be torn off by applying too much force when loosening or tightening bolts and other fasteners, there are cases when fasteners are deformed.
Do not use tools with unsuitable profiles, another common reason is incorrect placement of the working part of the tool in the fastener profile, and finally, do not work with poor quality tools.
The working profile must be carefully selected for each case, taking into account the operating conditions of the structure, how convenient access to fasteners is, and whether the fasteners will be constantly exposed to moisture depends on the state of the environment. Choose the right working tools, observing all of the above conditions, and you will not be mistaken.
Photo of metal fasteners
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