The presence of several floors in the house provides for the arrangement stairs . It is of great functional importance; it is used for climbing to other levels, descending from them. This building is an integral part of housing, which must be remembered when arranging it. staircase design in private house is chosen based on design features, sizes and other characteristics. It should be in harmony with other elements.
A good lift should be not only of high quality and reliable, but also beautiful, organically integrated into general style housing.
Staircase in the house - Required structure. Especially when it comes to a building consisting of several floors. It helps to safely and easily reach them. In addition, the staircase is an element of the interior. Equipping the house, she needs to be given Special attention. It should fit harmoniously into the overall picture.
In the event that your country house or apartment has a second floor, then the need to place stairs is an obvious fact.
Type of stairs largely depends on the style formalized housing. Classic requires the use of expensive and high-quality materials. Natural wood, decorated with interesting carvings, luxurious forging according to metal.
It is necessary to properly equip and design the structure so that the beauty of the stairs is in no way inferior to its practicality, reliability and safety.
If the interior made in a minimalist direction, then you should not use unnecessary details. Any design should be practically invisible. This also applies to stairs. It is appropriate to arrange railings made of transparent material e.g. Plexiglas.
Despite the fact that glass stairs have a design that is not quite familiar to the home, today the popularity of these designs is quite high.
Hi-tech is characterized by the presence in the interior modern motifs. The staircase looks good, the railing of which is made of chrome material. Narrow boards act as steps. They are installed using modern technology. As a result, the impression is that steps soar. It looks impressive and mesmerizing.
In Russia today the palm is among the most popular species materials holds the tree.
Staircase made of natural materials fits perfectly into the eco-style. Moreover, all its elements must be exclusively wooden. Availability carved patterns on the designs suitable for ethnic style. Bamboo railings are a great addition to shaped room in Japanese style. Design rough forms fit into the country direction. Provence provides for the arrangement of white structures . You can emphasize its elegance with the help of forged or carved elements.
Wooden stairs are able to withstand heavy loads, while over time they do not deform and do not lose their attractiveness.
Options like structures enough. They differ not only materials, size, but also shape, type.
The location, type of stairs and material of execution are laid down at the construction stage.
Choosing the most suitable option, there are many things to consider:
- General design of the room;
- Room area;
- ceiling height;
- Host preference.
The shape and structure depend on the finish inside, the height of the ceilings, the area of the room.
If the building has two floors, then it is well suited design from one or two routes. There are several types.
| Construction type | Peculiarities |
| On the kosour | The device consists of beams. Each element is separately connected to the base. They are made from any materials . This type especially in demand. This is explained by the high rate of strength and safety. Depending on the design design there may be two or one support beams. As for the kosour, their shape is any. Looks good arbitrary, screw, straight. |
| On bowstrings | The ladder has a complex design. steps attached directly to the beam. This is done from the inside, so it is almost not noticeable. Similar stairs has a stylish look. It emphasizes the delicate taste of the owners, gives room grace. It suits different styles interior design. |
| Boltsevaya | It is made from steel tree. Bolts are used to connect components. Design very reliable and strong. She will last for many years. Despite the heaviness of the materials, its appearance is quite light and weightless. It can be used in bright and airy design solutions. Here you can show your imagination: open or slamming steps of any shape. |
| screw | Mainly set up in premises With small area. It is produced from metal, wood . The shape is not only round, but also square. The octagonal composition looks original. All this expands the design possibilities. |
Equipping the staircase, you need to remember about its harmonious combination with the overall interior.
It is worth paying attention not only to the external part, but also to the space under construction th. If it is properly equipped, then it will have a functional value. There you can place a sofa and coffee table. Get a great place to relax.
Spiral implementation in light eco-design.
Wooden construction: what is the main feature?
wooden stairs have occupied a leading position in popularity for many years. And this is not surprising. Similar designs have excellent indicators of strength, reliability and safety. Basically, they provide two routes. You can also find ladders from one or more.
Replace expensive breeds trees can be larch, cherry or pear. In this case, you will get resistance to moisture in the house.
In addition, it is worth noting the environmental friendliness wooden devices. Their aesthetic qualities are excellent. They complement any style of room well. They fit into the direction of country music, in which formalized a private dwelling, as well as a trendy loft. Their cost is low, especially when compared with metal structures.
Models from natural materials make the environment as comfortable as possible and are quite easy to care for.
It is worth making buildings out of wood hard rock. It is appropriate to use oak, beech, pear, pine. The price of such material not little. For those who want to save money, you can use larch.
wooden stairs must meet certain requirements. They refer to her size. The width is not less than 75 cm, the depth of the steps is 40 cm, the height is 20 cm. If necessary, these parameters can be adjusted.
It is also worth noting that its decoration should be in harmony with the rest of the stylistic design.
Metal device: pros and cons
Stairs can be made from one material or several. Metal constructions often supplemented glass elements, tree. The strength of such compositions is quite good. They are able to serve for many years. There are no problems during operation.
Metal stairs have a long service life - up to 50 years.
The advantages of such facilities consider that they meet the requirements fire safety. You can combine many lines: smooth and straight. Intricate shapes are harmoniously combined. it good field actions for designers. Allows you to create unique variations stairs.
Like any other material metal has its downsides. They must be considered when choosing it for the manufacture of stairs. The main one is susceptibility to corrosion. To prevent damage appearance structures, material covered with a special protective layer.
It is best to use stainless steel, it is resistant to corrosion.
Different rooms - any stairs
Staircase design in a private house largely depends on the size premises in which it is installed. If it is small, then it is better to give preference to its screw type. It will fit well on modest square meters. Its view is beautiful, creates a fabulous atmosphere. Despite this, this design has its drawbacks. Basically, they are related to operation. Raising to the second floor, it is very inconvenient for large objects. They are mostly square round shape. Produced from metal and wood , sometimes glass. The design assumes a vertical arrangement steps, attached to the rack.
The spiral can be decorated with an installation in the form of decorative threads with beads hanging over the entire height.
If we talk about convenience, then route lifts to the second floor in this regard are the most best option. Therefore, they are common. But you can install them only in a spacious room. Since the design is bulky and requires a large area.
They are presented in the form of marches, which form about 16 steps. If you need a device higher, then it is equipped with additional platforms. They are used to set up other marches. This version of stairs can be open or equipped with a door, with or without risers.
Classic mid-flight stairs with any features (straight, rectangular, rotary) are used in houses much more often.
Do not clutter up space ladders on the rails. Steps in such structures attached directly to the wall. To do this, use bolts, special pins. Thanks to this, she looks airy and weightless. Outwardly, it seems that the design is not reliable. But in practice, it is able to withstand heavy loads.
Lightness, translucency and at the same time the safety of the construction in glass.
Main mission
Stairs is an important subject in high-rise building. It not only helps to move from one floor to another, but also becomes the main focus design. The design gives the room royal look, fills it with luxury.
Spiral staircase made of glass and metal.
Quite often she doesn't get close to interior, and design To her. Given the characteristics of the device, the style is determined in which the decorate the entire room . Depending on where it is located, a place for furniture is chosen. railing are a decisive factor in the finishing work.
Criterias of choice
Safety and ergonomics are equally important selection criteria stairs than interior style. Since it is designed for movement, it should not pose a threat to life. The device is in home where not only adults but also children live. Therefore, it is important to use safe materials. Some modern models can only be applied in houses, not intended for permanent residence. Since the level of security of the structure is low.
Transitional design of a light metal spiral staircase, ideally fitting into a two-level modern style.
Choosing a ladder location is taken into account. If this is the center of the hall, then the front option will do. In the backyards of the house, you can set a secondary view.
It is worth paying attention to the thickness of the walls where the elements of the stairs are attached.
The wall must be large enough to support the weight structures . Otherwise, it will fail in a short time, repair will be required.
original design
Stairs can embody the most interesting design ideas. It can be arranged different ways. Thus, the bar of uniqueness will rise room design. But it is worth remembering that unusual designs may be inconvenient to use. Their security level is low. Therefore, the pursuit of originality must be deliberate.
Screw execution in Gothic mansions looks especially sophisticated.
To make a standard stairs interesting enough design her railing is traditional way. It is also worth paying attention to the place under steps. If you lay it out with tiles with a bright ornament, then the overall picture interior filled with positive, will have a festive look.
Looks impressive stairs with a curved base. Its smooth forms are combined with the interior. steps in it are attached to the center of the base. So she doesn't look like screw . Must have in it railing . Especially in cases where there are elderly people and children in the house.
With wide and safe passages, you can do without railings at all, which will make the environment even more airy.
construction can be a great source of light. It is enough to place the light bulbs under the steps, railings. They also look original on niches, which are equipped along the walls. This option design stylish and modern looking.
Stairs can be a great attraction for children. In this case, it is supplemented with a slide. Children will be able to safely and safely have fun on it.
Construction is carried out according to custom order. Therefore, it will require money.
Often found stairs -cupboard. This is a great option for her arrangement. The space under the railing is rationally used. In this place, shelves are equipped with books and accessories. If they are closed, then storage of various things is allowed.
It can become an alternative to a full-fledged pantry or mezzanine.
If the house has a staircase, then it should be used to the maximum. It concerns not only her functional purpose, but also external data. Competent design design will make the interior unique, full of luxury. Such housing is always comfortable, the atmosphere in it is homely.
VIDEO: Staircase to the second floor - 50 ideas.
50 modern staircase design ideas for your home:
In this article we will consider the types, their advantages and disadvantages. We will also understand the installation requirements, consider the materials and a brief description.
There are the most various types stairs to the second floor. At the same time, the choice of design should be decided at the stage of developing a house project. As for their type and material of manufacture, they depend not only on design standards, but also on the design, as well as the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. The approach to the stairs should be convenient, and the ascent should be as comfortable as possible.
The current SNiPs indicate that the choice of dimensions and location depends on:
- the minimum allowable distance from the stairs to the end of the corridor (at least 1.6 m);
- the smallest indicator of the width of the march future design(varies from 1.05 to 1.2 m);
- the maximum slope of the march (not higher than 45 o);
- the ideal number of climbs in one march (at least two);
- the number of steps in one march (in the range from 13 to 18 pieces);
- the width of the platform between marches (not less than the width of one march).
Important! These provisions apply only to structures inside residential premises. It is necessary to draw boundaries between internal stairs, technical and external. For the latter, these requirements may differ.
Everything else is a flight of fancy. And, it is worth noting, now on the market you can find unusual and even strange offers.
Varieties of stairs to the second floor
When choosing stairs, there are many factors to consider:
- design (with or without rotation);
- location (in the center of the room or against the wall);
- technical possibility (stationary or folding);
- price;
- material (concrete, wood, glass, etc.).
most popular and comfortable designs are: 1. L-shaped. Very common due to its simplicity. As a basis, two marches are taken, which are located at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. The marches are connected by an intermediate platform. This design has one turn.
2. U-shaped. Best used in large rooms, as it is more bulky, in comparison with the previous view. Usually it is placed in houses with a high height between floors.
3. Marching. Simple, but the most cumbersome design of all.
4. Screw. Optimal for small spaces. It looks aesthetically pleasing, although it is somewhat inconvenient when lifting in comparison with other options. But they are the most compact. 5. On the bolts. 6. On strings. 7. Modular.
Advice! If you are limited in space, choose a screw design (with a turn). There is a wide variety of styles and shapes, so you can easily find the right one.
As for concrete stairs, they are rarely installed in private homes. Often these are external stairs. Let's take a closer look at some types of structures.
screw
Spiral staircases are installed where it is necessary to save space, and where a straight staircase simply does not fit. . Not the most convenient option in use. Often similar designs mounted in the basement or for access to the attic. Aesthetically, they look very impressive. They are made in the form of a square, circle or polygon, or with a smooth turn. If it is located in ground floor, the most reliable will be a concrete base. The material of manufacture can be almost any. It is possible to order hardware with plastic, wooden, glass or brick steps. It can also be made entirely of stone, metal, wood. But not everyone can afford a staircase with a turn. The complexity of manufacturing and installation significantly affects its price.
marching
This type of stairs has become the most popular, thanks to:
- the simplicity of the design itself and its installation;
- taking into account the mechanics of human movement. This gives comfort and convenience during the descent and ascent.
The main feature of mid-flight stairs is that they are installed only where there is a lot of free space: at least 3 sq.m. However, there is an opportunity to save space. For this, they are used turning stairs with intermediate sites. At first glance, such designs are quite complicated, but quite realistic. The most popular are single-march and two-march designs.
Production material - concrete, plastic, stone, wood, glass or combinations thereof. It is possible to make a staircase using bricks. To date, for the stability of the foundation .
Bolts stairs
The name comes from the German "Bolzen" (bolt). The advantage of this type is ease of installation. Often, steel is used as a material, which greatly simplifies the fastening of some elements. The diameter and number of steel rods affects the strength of the structure. Rods can be embedded in ceilings, walls, floors or interior partition. Such ladders are compact and economical. The main requirement for them is the location near solid wall from concrete. When choosing the type of stairs great importance assigned to its design. It can be performed on bowstrings or bolts. Sometimes they are combined. To give the product a noble look, choose bowstrings. These are the beams that provide the steps with support from the bottom and sides. Bolts are metal fasteners that hold the steps in the wall during the frameless construction of stairs.
Used to form a framework metal elements, steps are made of metal, concrete, wood, glass, reinforced concrete bricks. In appearance, they turn out to be light and fragile, however, they can withstand severe loads (up to 1.5 tons). This, in conjunction with minimum set components makes them attractive. Usually this is a single-flight staircase. Bolts ladder installation
Structural designs
The most elegant type of stairs, in which the steps are attached to support beam With inside. The ascent and descent along them is very convenient, however, the installation is laborious, which limits their use in the case of individual construction. You can familiarize yourself with the features of installing such a design at. The material of manufacture is almost any, except for concrete.
Modular stairs
The second floor is popular because it has a number of advantages:
- affordable installation price;
- the possibility without special skills due to the simple design;
- good compatibility with any finishing materials;
- the ability to assemble structures of any type: screw, angular, combined configuration;
- possibility of installation in rooms with any height of ceilings.
They can be with or without rotation. The word "module" is the key word that covers the whole concept. The system is prefabricated: it is assembled from parts that are combined with each other. Thus, U-shaped and L-shaped stairs can be made. If necessary, the modules can be adjusted, making it possible to individually select the height of the lift, its geometry, and form a peculiar shape of the structure. It can be steep in the ascent if you're comfortable with it. Assembly modular stairs
There are the following types of modules for mounting ladder construction:- welded (cast). Pipes of different heights and diameters are placed on each side of the module;
- made of two components: a long pipe with a plate for fixing steps and a welded part with short pipes;
- consisting of several separate components that do not have welds.
The assembly of this staircase is similar to the designer, the installation is carried out independently, and it is not necessary to have special knowledge. The instruction is included with the product. Assembly takes several hours and is carried out by one or two people.
Features of materials and installation location of the stairs
Wood in the manufacture of staircases is the most common material due to its environmental friendliness. However, according to fire safety requirements, the number of marches for wooden structures should be a maximum of two, that is, with one turn.
But concrete stairs do only in extreme cases. Usually they can be found only in apartment buildings.
Important! The moisture content of wood used for construction is very important: its level should not exceed 15%. Otherwise, over time, the steps will creak.
Metal is a strong and durable material. But stairs are almost never all-metal - it turns out to be too heavy a structure. To reduce weight, metal is combined with wood, glass or stone.
An important point when choosing the type of structure is the place of its installation. For example, a wide and bright staircase made of plastic or wood is more suitable for the hallway. This will make it possible to visually expand the room. The use of bricks is not allowed here. For small spaces, a folding ladder is suitable. The vast majority of such structures are made of aluminum or wood. Since a folding ladder must withstand heavy loads, it is better if it is made of hardwood. Accordion designs are the most convenient, since they are easy to remove to the second floor. By the way, folding stairs are perfect for climbing to the attic.
Retractable design is an ideal way to optimize space and the ability to isolate the entrance to the second floor. To optimize space, the space under the stairs can be used for shelving or cabinets. It is also necessary to think over the lighting of these staircases.
Idea! A folding ladder will perfectly save space and allow you to add a “zest” to the interior.
Summing up
Of course, the design and creation of a ladder structure is best left to professionals. They will be able to make it safe and convenient for operation. Concrete, iron, wooden, brick stairs – any of your ideas can be realized. Be that as it may, the design must meet the following criteria:
- be durable and withstand heavy loads;
- the width of the steps is at least 28 cm, the height between them is 16-18 cm;
- railings must have a height of at least 0.9 m.
Double-flight or single-flight design - the choice is yours. The main thing is convenience and safety. Compilation beautiful stairs
Houses with more than one floor cannot do without such a structure as interfloor staircase. Many specialized organizations offer services for their manufacture and installation, which are not cheap. Do wooden stairs on the second floor with your own hands will be much more practical and cheaper.
Wooden stairs to the second floor can be marching and spiral. For the construction of stairs to the second floor with their own hands, marching ones are considered the easiest. They can have one or more spans, depending on the specifics of the building and the overall design. To calculate all the parameters, you can use the generally accepted rules. In our article "" you can understand in more detail the issue of creating a staircase with several spans.
- If the number of steps in the flight of stairs exceeds 18 pieces, it is recommended to make intermediate platforms.
- Number of steps. Divide the length of the flight of stairs by the height of the step. The height of the step is the sum of the height of the riser (15-20 cm) and the thickness of the tread.
Important! Using steps with a tread width less than the width of the foot is not only inconvenient, but also not safe!
- The length of the flight of stairs. For the calculation, it is necessary to take the start and end points of the flight of stairs according to the level of floors from the first to the second floor. Having height and width, according to the formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle, we calculate the length of the flight of stairs. In this case, a safe tilt angle of 30° to 45° must be taken into account.
- The height of the spans should correspond to the height of a person plus 20 cm, so as not to bend over and not be injured on the upper flight of stairs or the ceiling. Optimal Height between the steps and the ceiling is 2 meters. The calculation begins with measuring the height between floors and the dimensions of the stairwell.
Material for stairs
For the manufacture of stairs with their own hands, planed wood is selected, which does not have spikes, deformations, or surface irregularities. Dry the wood before starting work. To give it a deeper color, the surface is treated with stain. After that, several layers of waterproof varnish are applied to the wood.
High-quality wood for stairs should be of the first grade and have a moisture content of no more than 10%. Use of material with a moisture content of more than 10% is not recommended. When dry, the wood will warp and the stairs will creak. To, they use both budget varieties of wood (pine, birch, ash) and more expensive elite ones (oak, cedar, maple).
Characteristics of some types of wood:
- Pine is a wood most often light gray in color. It has low strength and is easily exposed to external influences. At high humidity may increase in size. It is in demand due to its low cost.
- Birch - light wood, has a homogeneous structure. Demanded raw material due to low price.
- Ash - characterized by a light color and a specific structure of the fibers. The process of working with it is not difficult, it is a well-bent material, but the strength indicators are even higher than those of oak.
- Oak is one of the hard varieties of light yellow color. It is generally accepted that products made from this tree are the most durable and strong, which is reflected in the price.
- Maple - due to the lack of pores, it is highly durable. This grade does not absorb moisture, as a result of which products from it can be placed outside buildings. Along with this, maple is very difficult to process.
Do-it-yourself installation of a single-flight wooden staircase
This method is considered a reference, since the installation procedure, regardless of the number of spans, is the same. The kit includes stringers, railings, treads, and risers. Treads and risers are called the horizontal and vertical parts of the steps, respectively. Kosour - the main bearing part, in which special grooves are cut for mounting steps.
Preparing the stair parts
Do-it-yourself staircase assembly
For installation of stringers in the upper part of the flight of stairs on the floor beam, it is necessary to make cuts for installation. Alternatively, instead of cuts, metal stops are used, which are attached to the vertical ceiling with anchor bolts.
In the floor of the lower floor, a support beam is mounted on the line of the lower step and locked with anchor bolts.
Installing steps is not difficult. It is necessary to apply a layer of glue on the cutouts in the stringers and attach the risers. Then the risers need to be aligned along the edges and secured with screws. Treads are laid on top of them. Do not be too lazy to use thin polymer strips in the form of tape. This simple secret will help to avoid friction of one wooden part against another, thus preventing unpleasant creaking during operation. The steps are fixed on the risers and stringers.
Advice! To make it more convenient to work, the installation of steps must begin from the bottom of the march.
When installing balusters with your own hands, you must maintain one level. To do this, the upper and lower balusters are installed, the thread is pulled and all the rest are installed according to its level. Balusters are fastened with screws or self-tapping screws, which are subsequently closed with plugs or smeared with special grout. Handrails are mounted on balusters and fixed on them. At the same time, handrails can be made from any material, not just wood.
Finishing
The assembled staircase is sanded again, paying special attention to butt joints and ends. After grinding, the staircase is covered with varnish, paint, wax mortar or other protective equipment. Each new layer is applied 2-3 times after the previous one has dried. Before painting, the wood can be given some kind of peculiar shade with the help of wood stain.
Do-it-yourself spiral staircase to the second floor, installation features
Spiral staircases are more beautiful, but their manufacture and installation are more difficult than marching ones. As a rule, screw structures are installed in places with limited space, where marching ladder just impossible to install.
When calculating the heights and the number of steps, it must be taken into account that there must always be a clearance of at least 200 mm above the head, and when designing, the height of the people living in the house must be taken into account. To avoid discomfort, the vertical distance between the rows of steps should be about 2 meters. The width of the flight of stairs is about 0.8 meters. Regardless of the type of stairs, this optimal dimensions that provide comfortable travel.
The most convenient tread depth at the support is from 15 cm, at the end of the step at least 35 cm. The average height of the riser is about 20 cm (if any). It is often recommended to abandon the risers on spiral staircases. This has a number of significant advantages:
- there is an opinion that without them the rise is more convenient;
- the weight of the entire structure is significantly reduced;
- saving money on materials.
Handrail for spiral staircase
It is considered normal to consider the height of the railing about 1 meter. They are attached to balusters, the height of which is selected individually for each specific project. Not every craftsman has access to a woodworking machine, so if you want to have turned balusters, you can just go to the nearest hardware store. They are inexpensive.
With all this, it must be remembered that spiral staircases to the second floor have limited functionality, since it is almost impossible to transport furniture and bulky materials along them. It cannot be used by 2 people walking in different directions at the same time. But in any case, a handmade staircase is a kind of achievement and pride.
There are some design rules. Very often, construction work is divided into several stages. Sometimes the house itself is erected by some workers, and interior decoration are handled by different contractors. Such, at first glance, savings, only complicates the work.
Because then the stairs have to be designed, adapting to the already ready conditions. It's not easy. Even if a person builds his own house, from beginning to end, he needs to know the rules that we will now discuss. Everything seems to be a simple task. Our safe moving structure can be said to be one of the toughest challenges.
Capitalism of the premises, as well as the degree of its fire resistance, these aspects become key in choosing materials for the stairs. The shape depends on the area that is allocated for the staircase. Also, the shape is affected by how high the ceiling is, and what architectural style adhered to the builders of the house as a whole.
There is a very convenient, and to the maximum safe option of lifting, and reverse movement on the stairs. This option is considered a gentle staircase with one march and fifteen steps. So, let's start designing.
Most often, these types of structures are designed in construction. country houses. But, sometimes, limited space forces you to look for alternative areas in the house to create spiral staircases. it practical option because of winder steps easily fit into any type of projects.
Much more space steal the construction of stairs with two flights. They take more space. Than a screw design, but less space than a simple flat analogy. The project may involve both winder steps and the area between marches. If the staircase will be completely manufactured and installed independently, then the advice is to pay attention to such material as wood.
It is very easy to process. In addition, small errors are quickly corrected without costly additional costs. The components of the structure can be made not on the spot, like concrete stairs, but separately. Metal stairs are also assembled separately. The drawing is calculated for any type of stairs. This also applies to spiral, gentle, semicircular, and with two marches, stairs.
What parameters should be taken into account when creating a staircase project? First of all, you need to start with measurements. You need to measure the area, and put the dimensions on the plan. Next, you need to measure the openings. You also need to make height calculations from the lowest floor to the ceiling itself. You should also determine the power of the uppermost floor. In this case, the thickness of the floor covering must be taken into account.
If the floor is still only rough, you should take this into account and take measurements, keeping in mind the height of the finished floor. If the opening is not as wide as expected, you will have to cut through the concrete, if this concrete structure to enlarge the intended hole. If the staircase is wooden, then you will have to cut off the extra parts of the beams.
Very often there is a need to increase the opening during design. Remember, there should not be any communications in the openings. In order to get correct drawing stairs leading to the second floor, you will first need an exact plan of the first floor. Doors, windows, all ledges should be marked on the plan.
How to make a drawing for a staircase with winder steps? You need to specify the width of the narrowest point of such a step. It should not be less than ten centimeters. Next, you need to specify the width of the march, the number and steepness of the steps. None of the parameters can be specified arbitrarily, since they all depend on each other.
Now we need to find a suitable, comfortable width that will be sufficiently secure. When a person moves up the stairs in both directions, he should not feel discomfort, a sense of insecurity, or a narrow space. The width is the distance between the handrail, or the handrail and the wall. In order to determine this parameter, you need to know building standards.
To increase comfort, one hundred and twenty-five centimeters must be laid in the project. In the case of the location of the structure between the walls, the correct number is one hundred and ten centimeters. If the structure is attached to the wall on one side, or has two fences, the figure is ninety centimeters. If there is only one fence, eighty centimeters are acceptable. But in this case, it is not acceptable to use a ladder to carry large items. For domestic premises, or garden houses, the appropriate number is seventy centimeters. The width should be such that the passage remains free, there is no discomfort, and the person feels safe.
If the staircase is spiral, then the maximum width must be taken into account in the drawings, one hundred and ten centimeters. The most optimal size is one hundred and forty centimeters. Width for spiral staircases is the distance between the central pillar and the edges of the steps. If the marches are directed at each other, then there should be at least ten centimeters between them.
Let's talk about what the slope should be. Steep types of stairs save space, but there's no way to name them safe option. Gentle steps are much more comfortable, but they take up a lot of space. What to do. If you want to combine space saving with comfort and safety?
The best option in this case is a staircase with two flights. The most comfortable climb angles are from twenty-three to thirty-seven degrees. The steeper the stairs, the more dangerous. There is also such an option as a gentle ramp. If the slope is forty-five degrees, you can go down the stairs only by turning to face it. A slope of more than fifty degrees is only for ladders.
Now we begin to calculate the dimensions of the steps. Steps are designed depending on the steepness, as well as personal preferences of the person. Remember that it is convenient to raise your leg to a height of no more than thirty-two centimeters. But the most optimal comfortable option is a height of fifteen centimeters. It is better not to make the riser higher than seventeen centimeters.
In one march there can be from ten to fifteen steps. The width of the approach is made depending on the purpose of the stairs. The minimum you can do is twenty centimeters, but the standard is thirty-two centimeters. The most limiting number is forty centimeters. If the dimensions do not allow making the tread wide enough, then the treads will hang over the risers, this is acceptable. All steps must be the same height and width.
A staircase with a straight flight is usually laid in the middle. If the design is curvilinear, the middle line is drawn in the mind half a centimeter from the rack, or flying edge. We proceed to the calculation of the height of the passage. Clearance needs to be given special attention, comfort largely depends on this. Whatever type of stairs, the clearance should be as comfortable as possible.
If the height of the passage is five centimeters higher than the height of the person walking along it, he will involuntarily bend his head. The norm for the clearance is from one hundred and ninety to two hundred centimeters. The height of the passage must be the same for the entire staircase. Now you know how to make a safe, comfortable, and beautiful staircase.
This type of staircase will fit well into any office space. The style is very suitable for business buildings. In addition to style, such a staircase is economical profitable option. Stairs must meet all standards for steps, railings, and landings.
Welding work must be of high quality, taking into account all small parts. The color of the stairs is possible in any desired shade. The ladder must be made in accordance with the correct work cycle. First, measurements are made, then a project for a specific room, after manufacturing, and installation of the structure. Guarantees must be provided.
Stairs are an important part of a person's daily life. Many times a day we encounter this design. Construction works almost always associated with the creation of a ladder structure. It connects several levels of any building. A very long time ago there was such a design as a staircase. And in our world it is a very important part of life.
There are stairs very similar in appearance to each other. But they may differ in shape, color, and design, and even the design itself. There are two main types of stairs. The first option is a marching design. It has at least one span.
Also available between the levels of the steps of the platform. The second type is spiral staircases. They are in the form of a spiral. The metal internal ladder is famous for durability, beauty. Many made their choice in her favor, and were satisfied with the result.
All load at spiral staircase directed towards the center pillar. Steps are attached to it. This type of stairs is very popular and widespread. This is due to the elegance of the appearance of such a design. The spiral staircase can also be interrupted by placing intermediate platforms. They can even serve as a level connection between floors. But the platform can only be installed if there is enough space under it in height. If the spiral staircase is made of monolithic reinforced concrete, it will become too difficult to formwork. Therefore, a wooden spiral staircase is a very good option.
There are a lot variety of options spiral staircases. They are very different in appearance. The style and design can be completely unique. The situation is not easy with screw structures if they have a free location without a side fence. In this case, the steps will go out of the center of the rack. Therefore, the steps become a barrier, and provide a fortress for the entire staircase.
The wooden screw structure necessarily has a steel support. Such a staircase can be used in a spacious apartment, and in a cottage, and in a country private house. There are generally accepted rules.
According to them, such a design in a large house should be at least eight hundred millimeters. If we are talking about a small-sized room, then the width can be from seven hundred to seven hundred and fifty millimeters. A spiral staircase is installed anywhere in the house. It can be placed in free space, near a wall, in a corner, or even between two walls. The building material must be solid wood. Pine is the most extreme option. Steps are best made from a puff type of wood.
Tier decoration
Let's talk a little about the design of stairs in private homes. Now there are a lot of private houses. They differ in volume, price, and finish. But most houses have at least two floors.
Therefore, very often the question arises of how to make the design of the structure. At the stage of building a house, materials, location, as well as the type of staircase are laid. Those who love the classics often choose wooden or stone stairs with marches. The marching structure is considered classic version. Its design provides for straight platforms, which are connected by steps. This type of ladder is ideal solution for any home interior.
How beautiful to arrange the tiers of the stairs? Wood is used for the construction device, this is the traditional option. In addition, wrought iron or special glass can be used. The transition to the next floor must be made in accordance with all building codes.
It should be comfortable and safe. The design of the stairs can be very different. There are so many kinds of design sides. The stairs in the house are load-bearing structure, as well as steps. Each part also bears a load from an aesthetic point of view. Regardless of the material of construction, its tiers must fit perfectly into overall design at home.
Each house symbolizes the human world, it reveals a lot about its owners. The history of such a structure as a staircase began many thousands of years ago. With each new era, the stairs became more beautiful and updated. Now there are many forms and designs for decorating stair tiers.
Staircase in a U-shaped house
U-shaped structures are very common. They are used in country houses. They are also often seen in public institutions. We encounter them all the time. Such a staircase has a turn of one hundred and eighty degrees. It consists of three straight spans. Due to this, this design is considered to be particularly reliable and suitable for extreme loads.
The most popular are monolithic internal stairs. They have very simple design but good rigidity. Therefore, they are very strong and reliable. Concrete is poured into the construction formwork, which greatly guarantees the quality of the future structure. AT country houses stairs are often made on bowstrings. The beam becomes the basis, which is located below and on the side. This makes the staircase practical and decoratively attractive. When designing a U-shaped staircase, it is very important to ideally calculate the pivot point. The fences above should not intersect. Most often, such a staircase is located in the middle of the room. Durable and stylish!
Conclusion
So, having made such an extensive overview of the types of stairs, you can decide on your preferences, as well as opportunities. By properly designing the stairs, you can decorate your home. Moreover, if you follow all the rules during the construction of the stairs, your family will use it safely for many years.
Projects of stairs to the second floor in a private house, a plan for an internal metal, wooden spiral staircase 2 by 2 by 2 floor in a U-shaped house, how to make a metal staircase with your own hands for a summer residence - price, sketches, beautiful photos
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The staircase is of great functional importance - it connects several floors
building trend two-storey cottages due to two factors: the desire to increase living space and save free space land plot. And then the wooden stairs in a private house become important element project. They act as a functional link between the floors and require a competent approach to their arrangement.
- Technical requirements
- Design nuances
- Classification
- Material and style
- opening width - at least 1 meter;
- the height of the steps is not less than 12 cm;
- step width - at least 25 cm;
- Ladder height: 2475 mm
- Minimum opening of the 2nd floor: 1800 x 830 mm
- Plan dimensions: 1850 x 1030 mm
- March width: 720 mm
- Material: needles
- March angle: 45°
- Number of steps: 11 pcs
- Number of lifting steps: 12
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step Height: 225mm
- Height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor: 2700 mm
- Minimum opening of the 2nd floor: 1640 x 900 mm
- Plan dimensions: 1650 x 1390 mm
- Possible turn: right, left
- March width: 730 mm
- Material: needles
- March angle: 37°
- Number of steps: 13 pcs
- Number of lifting steps: 14
- Step width: 260 mm
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step Height:193mm
- Height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor: 2920 mm
- Minimum opening of the 2nd floor: 1900 x 850 mm
- Plan dimensions: 2380 x 830 mm
- March width: 830 mm
- Material: needles
- March angle: 53°
- Number of steps: 12 pcs
- Number of lifting steps: 13
- Step width: 170 mm
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step Height: 225mm
- Fencing can be installed on any side
- Height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor: 3200 mm
- Minimum opening of the 2nd floor: 1800 x 970 mm
- Plan dimensions: 2790 x 1000 mm
- March width: 810 mm
- Material: needles
- March angle: 50°
- Number of steps: 15 pcs
- Number of lifting steps: 16
- Step width: 210 mm
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step Height: 200mm
- Ladder height: 2925 mm
- Minimum opening of the 2nd floor: 2920 x 1560 mm
- Plan dimensions: 2050 x 2920 mm
- Possible turn: right, left
- Material: pine
- March inclination angle 42°
- Number of steps: 15 pcs
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step Height: 195mm
- Height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor: 3120 mm
- Ladder height: 2925 mm
- Minimum opening of the 2nd floor: 1820 x 1820 mm
- Plan dimensions: 2050 x 1800 mm
- Possible turn: right, left
- Material: pine
- March width: 950 mm
- March inclination angle 42°
- Number of steps: 15 pcs
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step Height: 195mm
- Step height standard: 190-225 mm
- Step width: 300 mm
- March width: 900 mm
- Step material: pine/beech
- Fencing material: beech, metal
- Material: pine
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step height standard: 180-230 mm
- Step width: 300 mm
- March width: 900-1000 mm
- Step material: pine/beech/oak
- Version: without mounting/with mounting
- Fencing material: standard balusters d 25mm, beech handrail d 50mm, forged balusters (optional)
- Material: pine
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step width: 300 mm
- Step material: beech/oak
- Version: without mounting/with mounting
- Color: optional
- Material: pine
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- Step height standard: 180 mm (possible step height from 140 to 230 mm)
- Step width: 300 mm
- Step material: beech/oak
- Version: without mounting/with mounting
- Fencing material: standard (metal balusters, beech handrail), forged balusters (optional)
- Color: optional
- Material: pine
- Step thickness: 40 mm
- First, find a convenient location for the beginning and end of the stairs.
- Secondly, to solve the issue of organically filling the free space under the stairs.
- Thirdly, think about the lighting of flights of stairs.
- the total height of the room, including the thickness of the ceiling;
- opening width and plus its height between floors.
- marching stairs- This is a classic type of construction, ideally corresponding to the biomechanics of human movements. The structure is divided into marches set at an angle of 30-45 °. It can be angular or straight. The flight angle can be 90° (quarter of a turn) and 180° (half a turn). The size of the area between floors should be at least 1 sq. m.
- Screw design stairs look spectacular, but it is difficult to build. She has no division into marches. A chain of steps is strung on one central support and connected to each other by a railing. Steps are usually wedge-shaped, with the narrow end attached to the beam.
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original functional solution– one of the steps of the stairs smoothly flows into the desk
Technical requirements for a wooden staircase to the second floor
Even the most elegant and stylish wooden staircase to the second floor must comply with the standards and technical requirements applied to its construction. First of all, it must be durable, comfortable and safe. In terms of functionality, the staircase must meet three conditions: constructiveness, decorativeness and utility. This means that the stepped structure fits perfectly into the interior of the house, does not clutter up the space and is comfortable to use.
High railings make stairs safer
Graceful spiral staircase
If we turn to the numerical values included in regulatory requirements, then they specify the value individual elements wooden stairs - the width of the opening, the height and width of the steps. Here is the minimum for each element that is not recommended to go beyond:
Inside flights of stairs there is a large bookcase with books - functional and unusual
Spectacular staircase in a modern style
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The size of the area between floors should be at least 1 sq. m. The height of the railing is measured not lower than the level of the hips of a person of average height.
These are optimal convenient sizes, which should be followed when constructing any kind of stairs.
When designing a staircase, pay maximum attention to its ergonomic dimensions.
More comfortable for climbing will be a staircase, divided into several small marches
Spectacular wooden spiral staircase design
TOP 10 wooden stairs to the second floor (photo, price)
Model
Characteristics
Stairs made of needles LS-92 
Stairs made of needles LS-01U 
Stairs made of needles LS-10U 
Stairs made of needles Prestige LP-11 
Pine ladder K-002M/3 
Pine stairs K-033M 
Staircase Prestige reversal 
Ladder Solo reversal 
Ladder "SuperElegant" straight 
Ladder "SuperElegant" rotary 
A small staircase in a pastel interior
Stylish staircase in an eclectic atmosphere
Nuances of projects of stairs to the second floor
On the initial stage designing a staircase with a turn, it is necessary to designate its location and determine the design. Since such a piece of furniture has a decent size, it is natural that it affects both the pattern of the room and the location of other details. You need to consider several important points.
Stairs with a turn are very practical
Beautiful light wood staircase
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When starting to calculate the stairs, the following values \u200b\u200bmust be taken into account:
Interesting modern design
In addition, security requirements are taken into account. These include secure fencing and proper lighting, and standard angles of ascent and descent.
Attractive implementation made of dark wood
Sleek wooden staircase design
Interesting design idea
Types of stairs in a private house
Choosing the type of stairs, you need to rely on the dimensions of the room. For a private house, two design options are acceptable - mid-flight and screw.
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Marching staircase with a platform between floors
The advantages of a mid-flight ladder include ease of manufacture and the highest level security. If we talk about the cons, then this high flow materials and bulky design. Obviously, this type of staircase is suitable for spacious rooms.
Staircase with a contrasting color combination
Wide spiral staircase
In merit screw design- aesthetics, small dimensions and affordable price. The disadvantages include the labor-intensive process of construction and increased injury risk. However, this a good option for a limited area.
Spiral staircase as an art object
Important! The smaller the opening of the spiral staircase, the steeper the climb. Please note that not every member of your family will be able to master such a design.
The stairs can be a work of art
Bright staircase with beautiful carvings
Avant-garde wooden staircase design
Classification of stairs to the second floor in a private house
In the manufacture of stairs, a certain classification is adopted, based on the presence or absence of individual elements of the structure. To understand what design you need, let's take a closer look at the details.
So, for an amateur, the staircase consists of railings and steps. A professional will tell you that a step is a tread and a riser. We put our foot on the tread, and the riser is the bar for the height of the step. Depending on whether the staircase has a riser or not, it is considered open or closed.
Closed staircase made of light materials
The next criterion by which ladders are distinguished is the way the steps are fastened. For this purpose, stringer beams, bowstrings and support poles are used. The first support the steps of the stairs from below, in the second case, the steps are fixed in the recesses of the fences and supports. In a spiral design, support pillars are used to fasten the steps.
This design uses support poles.
If you have a desire to build a staircase with your own hands and you are not embarrassed by the subtleties of its construction, then be prepared for a detailed study of design features and accurate calculations.
Advice! At self erection entrust the calculations of loads and safety to professionals in order to avoid traumatic situations.
Such a staircase will easily become the main element of the interior.
Wide steps guarantee comfort and safety of operation
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Material and style of stairs
Since we are talking about wooden stairs, it is worth paying attention to the types of wood that are best suited for them. Elite representatives are oak, walnut, beech and ash. Oak has a high density, it is strong and reliable. Budget options- pine, spruce, cedar, fir. Do you want to combine affordable price and good performance? Choose birch or maple.
The staircase made of wood looks solid in the interior
In addition, an option using wood and metal can be an excellent solution. Combined wooden and metal stairs are a tribute to the style of the interior. A common solution is a combination wooden steps and metal railings. At the same time, the railing serves not only the safety of the structure, but also carries a decorative load. In terms of decor, metal, especially in forging, has more possibilities than wood.
Wood looks great with metal
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The choice of style determines the material. Wood is always a classic. In addition, a wooden staircase will fit perfectly into country, Provence, country style. It will not break the harmony in the baroque and renaissance. For persuasiveness style decision pay attention to the color of the wood. For Provence, it is better to use light wood, but the classic loves dark shades.
Nice antique styling
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A visual lesson on how to make a wooden staircase yourself, and a detailed calculation for each detail of the structure can be viewed here:
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