The optimal height of the ceilings in a country house. Standard ceiling heights. "Stalinki" and the old housing stock

Each person wants his home to be as spacious as possible, therefore, when purchasing a house or apartment, he first of all evaluates its area. But, unfortunately, during searches, people often lose sight of such a moment as the height of the ceiling for one-story house. Ceiling height can greatly affect the visual perception of the room. If the ceilings are too low, then a person, being in such a room, will constantly experience discomfort and inconvenience.

Very often, people in their homes prefer to make ceilings about 3.5 meters high. This option is very convenient, since only the upper 20 cm of the walls remain unoccupied in such rooms. Below this mark are cornices and carpets.

In addition, in apartments you can often find ceilings from 2.7 to 2.7 meters high. This option is also quite good - there is the necessary space in the room, and its price due to saving the materials used is quite acceptable.

The ideal option is a ceiling height of 3.2 meters - there is a large amount of fresh air in the room, which has a good effect on health. In addition, such a ceiling height does not have a visual "pressing" effect. If you do not have the opportunity to equip ceilings of this height, a mark of 2.5 meters is quite suitable. This height is quite comfortable for a person.

Ceiling heights and energy consumption in the house

The thickness of the floor, the space above the ceiling and the height of the room from floor to ceiling are the components of the floor height between the finished floor marks. The height of the floor, as a rule, is determined by the norms building design and the structure of the building itself. The efficiency of energy consumption in the room depends on the height of the ceiling, as it affects the area outer surface building that is subject to solar radiation and atmospheric influences.

Accepted standards

First of all, some existing norms and standards should be taken into account. In addition to purely practical norms, depending on the complexity of the work and cost, there is a legally executed set of SNiP (building codes and rules). This document establishes the minimum allowable height of a dwelling, based on fire safety and structural safety of the building.

According to him:

room height and kitchen facilities should not be lower than 2.5 m;
height of corridors and halls - 2.1 m;
the height of the attic depends on the angle of inclination and is 1.3 m at an angle of 30 ° and is not standardized at an angle of 45 ° or more.

Making the height less will not only be uncomfortable, but also unsafe.

The minimum height, normalized by the rules, is not always optimal. Among the builders there are their own standards, supported by experience and knowledge of the matter. Of course, it all depends on each specific case.

For example, for a luxurious stone mansion, you should not make ceilings of the same height as for a modest one. wooden house in the village, but, based on the average size of a brick or wooden cottage, the standard height is 2.7-2.9m.

Advantages and disadvantages of standard height

Average value in the construction of a private country house is often optimal. When the goal is to build comfortable housing without extra costs and frills, then best solution standards will be followed.

Disadvantages of high ceilings

The construction of rooms with high ceilings is much more expensive, they require more material. Especially it concerns two-storey houses, so the ceilings on the second floor are usually made lower than on the first.
Due to the increase in the volume of the room, the cost of heating also increases.
Very often, this makes no sense: a few tens of upper centimeters remain unused, hanging over with unnecessary space.

Disadvantages of low ceilings

Psychological feeling of oppression and discomfort.
The difficulty of choosing furniture and accessories. It is necessary to choose furniture in such a way that it does not compress the space and does not cause inconvenience.

Choosing a standard height will allow you to bypass all these disadvantages and make your stay in the house as pleasant as possible.

Peculiarities

There are different nuances, and not always the standard height is the best. For the construction of a simple, cheap, but at the same time comfortable and cozy home- of course, but in cases where it is important to make the house also unusual, eye-catching, intricate, it is better to act differently.

standard height is optimal, average for all indicators, but this is also its main drawback if the goal is to build something unique. In addition, for various special cases, there are also special approaches.

In case of construction frame house the height is usually made smaller, lowering the ceilings to 2.3-2.5 m.

For example, in Finland, most houses are built in this way. This is explained by the speed of construction of the structure and savings. But nevertheless, life in such houses is no less pleasant for this: becoming more cramped, housing becomes more comfortable.

brick houses it is quite easy to erect and increase by a couple of tens of centimeters, besides in the presence of proper insulation they are easy to heat, so the ceilings in such houses can be made higher. Raising the height to 3-3.2 m, you can attract interesting design solutions and achieve modern beautiful design interior.

In log houses, an increase in height can cost a pretty penny both in terms of construction and in terms of maintenance. Therefore, it is for such houses that the standard version of the ceiling height will be the most ergonomic. A beam is a difficult material and it needs special care, therefore, during construction, it is important to take into account its features.

For attic, as well as two-story houses, as mentioned earlier, there are other standards. In order to save on construction and heating, the ceilings on the second floor are usually made 10-20 centimeters lower than on the first floor. If there is an attic, then it all depends on the angle of inclination. The main thing is that the low ceilings do not cause discomfort everything else is a matter of price. The area of the room and the functionality of the space should be taken into account. For spacious living rooms should be done more high ceilings, and for bathrooms and corridors - low.

With individual design projects the laws are completely different and depend on the personal desire of the customer and the designer.

To make the living space of a private house more aesthetically pleasing, there are many interior solutions that most people simply do not know about. For people who have chosen standard height ceilings, the following recommendations can be given to add visual beauty and volume to the room:

should use shiny stretch ceiling- they stretch the space, saturating it with reflected light;
in the decoration of the walls, you need to add more vertical lines and mirrors - this will make the space deeper and visually higher;
it is desirable to paint the walls and ceiling in one tone, and the floor - a tone lower, that is, darker;
the ceiling is better to make light;
windows should be placed closer to the ceiling so that more light falls on it than on the floor.

Design

The choice of standard height ceilings opens up prospects for a variety of inexpensive design: from banal wallpapers (it is better to prefer wallpapers with stripes, as they make appearance more sophisticated) to intricate designer patterns that can make interesting ideas into the interior of the room. Using a small ladder, you can independently reach the most high areas walls and decorate them.

A room with a standard ceiling height can be compared to standard sheet paper, so familiar to creativity. There are, of course, both large formats and small ones, but it is the standard one that is so familiar and convenient for creating something of your own.

Psychology

Houses are built for people and people to live in them, their feelings and impressions from living in a particular house - the main thing to focus on. A normal height is one that does not cause unpleasant emotions: it does not press, does not make you feel uncomfortable, but at the same time does not create the feeling of being in a public place.

Ceiling height - important parameter, the value of which determines the level of comfort in the room and the possibility of implementing certain design ideas. For different types premises have their own rules. These values are specified in normative documentation Ergonomics also deals with these issues.

Calculations of the distance from the floor to ceiling surface in the room should be determined at the design stage

Ergonomics of living quarters

The science of ergonomics develops parameters for the optimal ceiling height, at which a person would feel as comfortable as possible.

To create a comfortable atmosphere during construction, the following ergonomic conditions must be observed:

a large number of natural light;
enough oxygen;
support optimal mode humidity.

These requirements will vary depending on the size of the room.

First optimal values were calculated by Dürer and Ernst Neufert (about 2.7 m). It is they who are taken as the basis for calculating the standard height of ceilings in SNiP - building codes and rules used during construction.

Norms

It is worth noting that normative documents not set only correct value, but only indicates the minimum ceiling height for residential premises different type. Below it, construction is not allowed.

Living quarters and kitchens - 2.5-2.7 m.
Corridors and halls - 2.1 m.
Boiler rooms - 2.2 m.
Baths, steam rooms, saunas - 3.2 m.
Dry cleaners and laundries - 3.6 m.
Offices and other administrative facilities - 3 m.

On practice

The modern indicator of the distance from the ceiling to the floor depends on many factors. The main one is the standard of living of the owners of the premises. In multi-apartment and private houses, as well as cottages that are being built for further sale, developers can take into account the wishes of customers. As they say, any whim for your money.
Typically, ceiling heights panel house fluctuates within 2.5-3.2 m. It is believed that the value of 2.5 m is the lower threshold, at which there is no feeling of discomfort and a “pressing” effect.

The height of the Stalinist ceilings

The height of apartments in Stalinist houses is 3-4 m. They were built back in the 30-50s of the twentieth century during the reign of Stalin. These apartments are large and bright, have wide corridors, voluminous door and window openings, spacious bathrooms, kitchens, rooms. We can safely say that such rooms fully comply with ergonomic requirements.

Spacious rooms in stalinkas meet all the requirements of ergonomics

Ceiling height in Brezhnevka

High-rise Brezhnev houses (from 9 to 16 floors) appeared in the USSR in the 70s. At first, the premises in them were called apartments with an improved layout. If we compare them with rooms in Khrushchev, then it really looked like the truth. The distance from the floor to the ceiling surface in the Brezhnev houses is 2.5–2.7 m. The total area of the apartment is 20–80 sq. m. m.

Brezhnevkas are characterized by average parameters, which are considered optimal for life.

Ceilings in new buildings

Today, when building houses, they use different standards. Elite class apartments can have a height of 3 m or more. Price square meter housing is well above average. AT budget options stop at a value of 2.7 m, which is considered optimal both from the financial side and from the point of view of comfort.
The average height of rooms in a nine-story building is 2.6–2.8 m.

High rooms in new buildings allow you to embody the most original variants design

Stretch ceiling

Tension structures recommended to be installed in high rooms from 2.7 m, as they tend to hide space.
How much the ceiling will reduce the height depends on the type of luminaires mounted and engineering communications. Usually this value is about 10 cm. Minimum distance between main and tension ceiling covering should not be less than 3 cm.

Advice!
In low rooms (less than 2.4 m), stretch ceilings should be used with caution. The best option in this case is simple single-level structures. If the room allows, then the space for design fantasies is not limited, and it is quite possible to stop at three- or four-level structures with complex configurations.

How to visually increase the height of the ceiling

If the room is low, you can add space to it visually:

choose correct finish ceiling, such as a glossy finish;
use materials of the same shade (white, milky, cream) when decorating walls and ceilings;
highlight the boundaries between the wall and ceiling with a mirror strip;
cover the walls with a pattern with a vertical orientation (the pattern should not be too frequent and not too bright);
install cornice lighting (cornice should be hung at a height of 5-10 cm from the ceiling).

LED lamps and led strip along the perimeter of the room will visually increase its space and diversify the interior with original lighting effects

The height of the room affects not only the cost of the housing itself and its maintenance, but also the well-being of those who live in it. This indicator determines the design options that can be applied for decoration, is responsible for comfortable atmosphere and comfort in your rooms.

Each developer, even at the stage of dreaming about his future home, asks himself a question about the height of the ceilings. The forums are full of topics about life in cramped "Khrushchev" with ceilings of 2.5 m and advice not to save on this little joy. Let's figure out where is the golden mean between the ceilings two and a half meters high and the second light of the houses that look at us so temptingly from the pages of glossy magazines.

First you need to understand for yourself that in this house you will not only enjoy life, but also that you need to build a house, and then serve all this beauty.

Cons of low ceilings

Of course, the main disadvantage of low ceilings is the psychological component, which will not allow a person in good health to roll up a construction site with ceilings of 2.10 m in the twenty-first century, and then knock his forehead on the door jambs and burn his head with a light bulb. The house should be comfortable, spacious and bright.

Pros of low ceilings

The price of construction and further maintenance of such a house. The lower the ceiling in the house and the lower the walls, the less material will be spent on their construction, less material will be spent on finishing these walls, you will need smaller sizes windows, the volume of rooms will be reduced, and, accordingly, heating costs will decrease. Agree, it is cheaper and faster to heat 37.5 cubic meters of air in a room of 15 meters than 52.5 cubic meters in a room with ceilings of 3.5 meters of the same area.

Cons of high ceilings

The disadvantages of high ceilings themselves follow from the advantages of the low ones described above in this article, so we will not dwell on them too much.

Pros of high ceilings

The advantage of high ceilings is the unique atmosphere and freedom of a private house, to which many people move "having cashed in" in crushing high-rise buildings. It is impossible to imagine a cozy, large living room with low ceilings. You will not leave the feeling of something pressing or that you are in an old building. Wall design containing vertical stripes can eventually somehow smooth out the insufficient height of the ceiling, but this is not the most the best option at the stage of reflection of the future developer.

Optimal ceiling height in a private house

If you are not completely confused yet, let's compare the height of the ceiling in various buildings known to us.

Thus, the optimal ceiling height for a private house is 2.70 - 3.10 meters. A house with such ceilings will delight the owners of its cozy atmosphere and will not bankrupt them with gas bills or any alternative fuel.

Ceiling height is an integral part comfortable living and psychological sensation in the room. Generally accepted rules and regulations establish this value depending on the type of structure. In apartments, this height does not have to be chosen, it is set by building standards and averages 2.5-2.7 m. And if we are talking about a private house at the construction and planning stages, then special attention is paid to this parameter.

Thanks to the correct calculations, you will not have problems with the installation of multi-tiered ceilings and the placement of any decorative elements inside the rooms.

Ceiling height depends on the purpose of the room

The decision on the height of the ceilings should be made at the stage of approval of the project of the house. There are no standards as such for its size. However, it will depend on the purpose of the room. For example, for saunas and baths it is absolutely not appropriate to choose high ceilings, since the heat consumed will be distributed for other purposes, and all the steam will be concentrated at the top.

For small living rooms increasing the ceiling will lead to an uncomfortable feeling. Rooms with low ceilings are ideal for nurseries, bathrooms and kitchens that do not require huge area. But living rooms and halls, rooms reserved for a library or warehouse - will look great with the maximum high level ceilings in large houses.

Generally accepted norms and requirements of standards

A height of 2.7 m in a private house is taken as a generally accepted value. It will be quite enough for a comfortable stay, as well as cleaning and repairing the premises. With such a height, it is quite easy to design multi-level ceilings both mounted and tension. However, if you do not want to clutter up the ceiling surface various designs, but just paint it, a height of 2.5 m is quite suitable. These are private generally accepted standards.

Building standards modern buildings regulated various norms sanitary regulations and requirements state standards. They can be found in building regulations- SNiPakh. In houses where people permanently live, these rules establish a minimum value of 2.6 m. Guided by these standards, you should know that many of them have already lost their force and are recognized not as laws, but only as codes of practice. Despite this, many designers still use them. In the new urban planning rules for architectural design, the height of the ceiling is not regulated. Therefore, you can choose it at your discretion, without violating fire safety requirements.

There is an opinion of the owners of private houses that the higher the ceiling height, the better. It is believed that in this case it is possible to equip a room in various options and according to your taste. But this is far from true. Imagine a room in a residential building, the walls of which are more than three meters. The total cubic footage of such a room will be larger, which will make it more spacious. But in winter period It will take a lot of time to heat such areas.

According to the laws of physics warm air always strives upward, and the cold one spreads on the floor. And even with heavy use heating appliances heat will be wasted. In addition, heat accumulating at the top of the room will destroy attic space and the roof itself. If it is wooden, then the material will soon dry out and crack.

Standard normal height in brick, frame or log house, as well as in a two-story country cottage must comply with SNiP. These rules are the same as on the first one. Same on the second floor.

Room geometry

Expert opinion converges at a ceiling height of 2.6 to 3 meters. In order to choose correctly from this range, it is necessary to determine the layout of the building and its use. An important role is played by the seasonal operation of the house. If you are planning to build a cozy summer house With small rooms, feel free to choose a height of 2.6 meters. Such houses are not characterized by huge living rooms and spacious halls. Therefore, the ceilings do not need elevation.

If the house is intended for year-round use, spacious bedrooms and a large living room will look appropriate in it. In this case, you can not do without high walls, especially if the layout of the rooms provides for the placement of bunk beds.

Optimal ceiling height format

Each owner of a house under construction wants to choose optimal height for rooms in your home. It must be remembered that the house has yet to be built, and then to maintain and care for its space, and not just enjoy its magnificence. To choose best option stick to three things:

your desires;
ergonomics rules;
building standards.

Everything is clear with our desires, and they are quite diverse, so they do not need to be discussed. But you should get acquainted with ergonomics at least in in general terms. This scientific discipline studies the effective interaction of a person with the space around him to maximize his functions. Therefore, when choosing a height, you should have an idea about the purpose of the room, the location of household items and decor elements in it.

To choose the best option, you need to rely on the area of \u200b\u200bthe rooms. There is a rule: the larger the area, the higher the walls. A small room with a huge ceiling will look ridiculous, but in great hall a ceiling of two and a half meters will put pressure on his space. There is another way to determine the desired height. To do this, you can choose the tallest member of your family and ask him to stretch his arms up. Add 30-35 mm to its height, and summing up to get the optimal value.

Cons and pros of high ceilings

Flaws:

the cost of designing and building a house will become more expensive. In addition, you will have to spend money on materials for interior decoration;
it will not be easy to organize a heating system, but in the process of use it will require large cash costs;
any repair work ceiling will require considerable effort. Workers will have to use additional facilities in their work, which will also affect the price and time of repairs;
household difficulties. When cleaning the upper half of the room will require skill. Replacing an elementary light bulb can turn into a big problem.

Despite this, high ceilings have become very widespread due to their advantages:

high altitude has a special atmosphere and a free feeling in the house;
limitless imagination in the design of decorating the ceiling. High walls will allow you to create a unique ceiling design using two or three-tier plasterboard structures. Large-scale ceiling can be decorated with various decorative stucco which will look luxurious with classic style or medieval baroque.

Even such a huge space requires efficient use. Designers recommend applying the "rule of three" - visually breaking the walls into three sections. Place an additional finish on the bottom, for example, sheathe it with stone or clapboard. Decorate the second section with paintings and shelves.

These items should not be placed above eye level to prevent a feeling of emptiness. Third, leave it untouched. With this layout, the ceiling will seem even higher! In the design of lighting, be sure to use massive chandeliers. They will emphasize the elegance and chic of the room.

So that the space does not inspire boredom, make a bold decision - paint one of the walls in a contrasting bright color! This accent will add uniqueness.

Cons and pros of low ceilings

Flaws.

Feelings of oppressive space will always accompany a room with a low ceiling. It will be uncomfortable to be in it.
Limited use of hanging chandeliers. There are houses where the ceiling height is limited to two meters. In such rooms, the chandelier will have to be bypassed.
Limited ability to create architectural compositions. If you dream of creating a multi-level design in a room with a low ceiling, you will have to seek the help of professional designers. Creating such a ceiling will be difficult, but possible.

The advantages of low ceilings are the disadvantages of high ones. Therefore, we will not repeat ourselves. Let's take a better look at what designers will advise in these cases.