This CNC model of five-axis 8-12-spindle machine for the production of columns (108) designed for the manufacture of stairs, the production of columns, balusters, balls, vases and other products of round section. This machine is suitable for the manufacture of products from wood of any species, plastic, acrylic and other materials.
CNC machines of the 108 series are suitable for the manufacture of columns up to 2 meters long. Max Diameter products - 200 millimeters. The machine is assembled in our factory. When assembling, components from leading world manufacturers are used.
By purchasing this machine from our factory at the most favorable price, you can earn money on the manufacture of stairs, the production of balusters and columns. The machine is excellent for large-scale production of columns and balusters. Thus, you can get an excellent income by producing exclusive stairs and decorative details for interiors or furniture.
Delivery by Russian Federation and the CIS countries are carried out by a transport company (at the request of the customer).
The machine is equipped with a cooling system, a chip ejector, a portal balancing system.
As software NC Studio is used to control the machine.
Basic delivery set:
- CNC system.
- Stepper motors 23HS.
- Software for machine operation.
- Software for processing 2D files.
- Software for processing 3D files.
- Cord for connecting to a computer.
- Cord for connecting the CNC unit.
- Spindle.
- The machine itself (the one in the photo).
Material processing thickness and types of materials:
- PVC - up to 300mm.
- Wood - up to 300mm.
- Styrofoam - up to 300mm.
- Getinaks - up to 200mm.
- Plywood - up to 300mm.
- MDF - up to 300mm.
The machine is made of metal, 8 mm thick, and metal profile pipes, guides 20 mm, machining speed from 1000-1500 mm/min, trapezoidal screws 16 mm with bronze nut without backlash. The machine processes plastic, double-layer plastic, plexiglass, wood, fake diamond, Powerful high speed spindle up to 24,000 rpm 1100 watts, professional software as standard. Installed 4th axis of rotation for 3.5D processing. Excellent value for money and quality. On the machine you can make: carved doors, carved kitchens, wooden stairs and balusters on them, chess, backgammon, any souvenirs and decorations, matrices!
Warranty 18 months (except spindle). Post warranty service.
THE MACHINE IS READY TO WORK ONLY A SEPARATE COMPUTER IS NEEDED!
What is the manufacturing technology wooden stairs in an industrial setting? In the article we explore the order of work and the materials used. It is clear that when building with your own hands, the reader is unlikely to have the described tools and capabilities; however, this fact does not make our tour of the production less exciting.
Wood
To, you need to start with the procurement of material.
What types of wood can be used?
- Spruce, pine and larch - for budget decisions . These breeds have a relatively low mechanical strength; a large number of resins and not too pronounced texture also do not add points to them.
- Birch, which belongs to semi-hard species, is somewhat more durable: it is from its wood that the handles of hammers, axes, sledgehammers and shovels are often made. However, she too budget material with all the ensuing consequences.
In addition: made of birch structural elements must be protected with antiseptic impregnation and varnish. The instruction is related to the fact that birch rots very easily in humid air.
- Most interesting hard rocks: oak, ash, cedar, beech and maple. beautiful texture combined with the highest mechanical strength. It is clear that the price of wood of these species is maximum (read also the article).
- For finishing, species can be used that, with a fairly average hardness, are again distinguished by the texture or color of the wood: teak, walnut, cherry, cypress.
And load-bearing elements, and steps, and fencing, and decorative elements are demanding not only on the breed, but also on the quality of the tree. Knotty and cross-layered wood is unsuitable for them.
Tools
What tools are needed for the manufacture of wooden stairs in small series? Recall: we are not talking about handicraft production, so we will forget about the hacksaw and ax for now.
An important point: the raw materials for the production described by us are ready-made glued furniture panels. The glued structure is stronger in bending and does not crack. Production by full cycle- from edged boards - more difficult and requires much more expensive equipment.
To make steps, risers, stringers and bowstrings, you will need:
- Format cutting machine. They cut wood (more precisely, a glued shield from it) into straight blanks.
- The band saw machine allows you to cut curved elements from the shield.
- Milling is necessary for their profiling (for example, for rounding the edges of a step).
- Drilling - grooving will allow you to drill holes in the steps and select the grooves in the bowstrings.
- A surface grinder is needed for fine grinding of staircase elements.
- Manufacturing wooden steps for stairs will be more convenient with a grinding and calibrating machine.
In order to make figured railings, you need a trimming and four-sided machines.
Balusters and entry posts will require application lathe. On it you can carve curly elements with axial symmetry.
Finally, the spray booth will make it easier to varnish the stair elements.
Technology
What steps does the manufacture of a wooden staircase on stringers or bowstrings include?
Raw material preparation
Listing necessary equipment, we were somewhat cunning and mentioned only what is necessary for the manufacture of stairs from a finished glued board.
In this section, we will describe its production - a rather curious process.
- thick edged board in drying chamber brought to a moisture content of 1-6%.
- Then it is calibrated in a four-sided machine, acquiring correct form with flat surfaces.
- The blanks are driven through a thicknessing machine, where circular saws they are cut into lamellas - thin and narrow strips of wood, which, after gluing, will form a shield.
- The slats are sorted; if necessary, defective areas are cut manually with a miter saw. At large enterprises, a programmable automatic equipment. The output is short workpieces without defects.
- At the ends of the blanks, toothed spikes are selected. Then they are smeared with glue, after which the blanks are spliced into a long lamella free of defects, which ends in size.
- The slats are calibrated, after which they are smeared with glue and assembled into a shield. After drying under a press, the board is formatted in length and width on a cutting machine.
- The last stage is the calibration and fine grinding of the finished shield with the specified dimensions.
Manufacturing of staircase blanks
We have already listed the machines necessary for cutting steps, bowstrings and stringers from a finished shield. Balusters and handrails are made from solid timber.
A couple of interesting points:
- Bowstrings and stringers are often patterned from planks, then jointed and glued together under pressure. First of all, this applies to curvilinear products.
- Lathes used to make balusters are complex programmable devices that perform most of the operations in automatic mode. To make fifty identical carved racks by hand ... let's just say, is not easy.
pre-assembly
Pre-assembly is carried out in the assembly shop on a stand with calibrated dimensions and position. As practice shows, it is better to make curvilinear elements with correction of sizes and shapes in place.
A complete set of elements is kept in a room with constant humidity for 10 days and only then is polished. Exposure allows you to get rid of the internal stresses of wood.
Painting
Finished elements are varnished.
The order of work is as follows:
- The tree is tinted with stain.
- Then the surface is covered with two layers of primer with intermediate grinding, which removes the raised pile.
- The next stage is the actual varnishing in three layers, again with intermediate sanding.
- The last step after applying the final coat of varnish is re-drying in a chamber at a constant temperature. Thus, the manufacturer is insured against deformation of parts.
The finished staircase is packed and delivered to the site, where it is assembled within 3-4 days.
In the photo - the result of many days of work.
As usual, the presented video in this article you will find Additional information on this topic.
Good luck in your endeavors!
If you are thinking about your own profitable business, and have decent capital, take a closer look at such an idea as the production of wooden stairs. It is not only interesting, but also highly profitable.
Opening of the production of wooden stairs
Experts call the production of wooden stairs promising activities. This is evidenced by the volume of individual housing construction even in times of crisis.
According to statistics, for recent times the level of IZHS increased by 2.5 times. Russian citizens who have financial opportunities, are actively engaged in the construction of private facilities and at the same time try to provide them with the presence of separate functional structures.
Such structures are stairs, and there is a demand for them. And since few people can build a solid, respectable product on their own, even with some carpentry skills, you have to apply for this to companies specializing in the production of wooden stairs.
You can make these items to order or offer an already assortment finished products. The first option will be more profitable for the entrepreneur. Wooden stairs are manufactured in this case after the necessary measurements are made, and the details of the project are agreed.
It takes more time to make a custom-made wooden structure, it costs more, but the client receives an original, safe, high-quality solution that suits the decor.
Of course, persons in need of stairs can order from a private master. However, many understand that factory production is preferable. Firstly, the enterprise gives a guarantee, since each production cycle is subjected to the strictest control and begins with the drying of lumber.
The organization itself is interested in providing quality wooden product, because is responsible for it. Due to the presence of expensive equipment for a large / medium-sized enterprise, the influence of the human factor is minimized, and the output is more reliable.
In addition, high-precision machines give more opportunities in the manufacture of stairs than small performers offer. To all of the above, we can add that the price of wooden structures, surprisingly, is more attractive than that of private craftsmen.
After all, human labor is valued much higher. And at the enterprise, all complex processes are performed by equipment. The entrepreneur should not worry about the profitability of the business due to the high production costs and the high cost of wood products. You will not lack orders.
Reasons to start manufacturing wooden stairs
Production of wooden staircase structures represents an economic benefit to the entrepreneur. But there are many reasons for running such a business.
One of the fastest growing industrial sectors in Russia is woodworking, which includes: furniture manufacturing, production of building materials, pulp and paper industry, etc.
The main prerequisite for such development is the availability of raw materials in the country. In addition, they are implementing the latest technology, non-waste production methods, various labor-intensive processes are automated, machine tools are being updated.
Russia boasts a strong potential both in terms of raw materials and in terms of mechanization. Large Russian enterprises there is every chance to produce building structures take a leading position.
Wooden products are in great demand in the world, as many manufacturers and buyers strive to preserve the environment. So, and with stairs made of wood raw materials. They became popular not only because suburban construction, but also due to the fact that consumers' perceptions of coziness and comfort have changed.
Wooden stairs decorate the house. Everyone will agree that they attract attention and give nobility to the interior. They have a variety of options and other advantages.
For example:
- functionality;
- compactness and design;
- light weight, resulting in floor coverings do not experience a large load;
- environmental friendliness and safety;
- convenience;
- high aesthetic qualities.
More and more consumers prefer ergonomic wooden structures. If growth is taken into account in production consumer demand for products that save space, produce combined and unique models, sales will definitely be.
Also, the entrepreneur should be aware that a business built on the manufacture of wooden stairs depends on seasonal fluctuations. Despite the fact that the work is carried out mainly indoors, the bulk of orders come in March-September.
Organization of a business for the production of stairs
The production of stairs involves the opening of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. It all depends on the scale of the activity. If you plan to conduct impressive production volumes, the second option is preferable.
No special documents or permits are required. It is enough to provide the relevant authorities with a standard package of documentation. Indicating the type of activity, pay attention to OKVED group C.
Since taxes are an integral and mandatory part of any business, you should think carefully before choosing one or another regime. Most often choose "simplified". It allows you to reduce the cost of paying taxes and has 2 options (6% or 15%).
What to produce
To deal with the release of stairs from natural wood, you need to decide on the assortment range. This is a difficult question. The choice is really big.
You can engage in the production of products that differ in purpose, location, design, class.
They build stairs: service, front, intra-apartment, outdoor or street, landscape gardening, closed / open, pyramidal, conical, rotary, winder, interior stairs, swing, products with a podium, folding, side, marching, combined, screw, straight etc.
The product can be complemented with various decorative elements which will only increase its value. It can be: lighting, sculptures, forged fences. The assortment of the enterprise should include both simple wooden stairs of a budget type and a premium class. At first, 50 types of stairs are enough in various variations execution.
The choice of raw materials for the production of wooden stairs
The entire staircase can be made from one type of wood, or several. Most often used: oak, aspen, larch, walnut, cherry, ash, birch, pine, beech, mahogany, cedar, pear.
Trees of the Beech family make strong stairs with a long service life. The material minimizes susceptibility to decay. Products made on the basis of oak are easy to process.
Beech products are similar in characteristics to oak stairs, but not as moisture resistant. Its cost is almost the same, the appearance fits into any interior.
The ideal raw material will be larch. It is used in production, because it is as hard as oak, but it is cheaper, and it also lends itself well to carving. Various aesthetic railings for stairs are made from larch.
Of all the raw materials mentioned, pine is the most affordable. It is characterized by: strength, resistance to abrasion, ease of processing. Often they agree on the production of such stairs for summer cottages.
Cherry, cedar, yew and ash are among the more valuable tree species. Therefore, they are ordered by customers with high demands to expressiveness and product design. The load-bearing elements of a wooden staircase are usually made of metal to increase the strength of the entire structure.
This decision leads to an increase in the cost of the stairs. For the production of products is taken furniture board certain size and thickness. Please note that to wooden material present their requirements.
Its humidity cannot exceed 15%. The maximum defect in the structure of wood is 7%. Knots, curls, cracks, resin and other defects are not allowed on the bowstrings. Closing them is prohibited.
What technology is used to make wooden stairs
The ladder device consists of the following main parts:
- load-bearing elements for fixing steps;
- the steps themselves;
- structure fencing.
Rows of stairs are called marches. Bearing elements must be made of high strength. Wear resistance is expected from steps. Enclosing structures can be simple, or they can be made in a decorative style.
The choice of mount is important. It affects the appearance of a wooden staircase and its reliability. Stringers are beams at an angle, installed on top of the steps with the help of various overhead parts, grooves.
Support columns are necessary in the production of screw, rotary products. Steps are attached to them. Bolza or steel elements used in the manufacture of marching compact stairs attached to the wall on one side.
Thanks to them, the effect of hanging in the air is created. Bowstrings are understood as inclined beams that serve to fasten steps. As a rule, they are resorted to in the production of attached, mid-flight ladder structures.
Single-flight products on bowstrings or stringers are easy to make, but a specialist should be involved in the production of stairs with other types of fastening.
If you are engaged in the production of stairs to order, work will begin only after the designer (constructor) and the client himself discuss all the nuances (material of manufacture, design, etc.), all measurements are taken.
Naturally, measurements are taken at the installation site of the wooden staircase. Then the experts prepare the drawing. This stage of production is called design and it is given special attention.
The following parameters are taken into account:
The most important is the size of the steps. The step length of a person ranges from 60-64 cm. The designer must measure the step depth, i.e. find out the ratio between the width and height of the step. Only in this way will it be possible to choose a furniture shield.
In the production of these parts of the stairs, it is necessary to adhere to dimensions that would make them comfortable, not too high and low.
The optimal value is calculated thanks to certain formulas:
The main part of the work must be done by hand: to build a structure, carry out carving, painting, gilding and tinting. The constructor and designer are involved in the process the longest. Therefore, their wage above.
If you are engaged in the production of stairs according to individual orders, you will have to provide services for taking measurements (usually this happens for free). Finished project may be updated and subject to change.
When the architect and the customer finally discuss the type of staircase and its parameters, location, angle of inclination, etc., the designer starts work. Therefore, only drawing up a plan can take more than a week.
If you intend to manufacture standard stairs, the process will be less time consuming and the costs will be lower.
So, conditionally, the production of stairs made of wood can be briefly depicted as follows:
Wood stairs manufacturing facility
To organize the production of wooden stairs, it is better to rent a building in which to allocate one room for work processes, and a room for an office where control assembly is carried out.
It is necessary to make repairs in them, equip them in accordance with fire requirements and SES.
The office must have:
- necessary furniture and appliances;
- means of communication;
- network engineering.
The area cannot be less than 150 sq. m. The location is better to choose outside the city.
By the way, the office does not have to be located during production. If it is profitable for an entrepreneur, you can rent an office in some business center.
Equipment for the production of
The entrepreneur should take care of the purchase of inventory and various tools: saws, nails, screwdrivers, hacksaws, jigsaws, tape measures, perforators, etc. If possible, buy hand tool electronic type.
The main equipment for the production of wooden stairs consists of:
- milling machine;
- unit;
- mechanism;
- curly accessories require;
- not to do without grinding tools.
More full set presented in the picture:
If the production of wooden stairs will take place with a combination of other materials (glass, metal), it is necessary to purchase the following devices: a gas cutter, hydraulic shears, etc.
Production workforce
The production of wooden staircases needs: an architect, carpenters, welders, designers, handymen, administrative staff, an accountant, a sales specialist.
The administrator is supposed to take orders, conduct a dialogue with customers, draw up a work schedule for a team consisting of 2-3 people. Some employees may labor activity on a piece basis.
If you intend to open a small business, it is enough at first to have at least 3 employees (master, designer and assistant). If render Additional services, for example, the installation of stairs, more people will be needed.
Installation of wooden stairs is also a responsible and difficult stage of work. Installation is carried out in accordance with building codes to ensure that the product is safe for its users.
When manufacturing to order, the list of work provided by your employees may be as follows:
Potential Costs and Income of a Wooden Stairs Enterprise
To run a ladder business, at least 1.8 million rubles will be required.
This amount will include:
- registration - 3 thousand rubles;
- purchase of working tools, inventory - from 50 thousand rubles;
- Payroll - from 300 thousand rubles;
- equipment - from 500 thousand rubles;
- advertising on the Internet and offline - from 80 thousand rubles;
- raw materials - from 600 thousand rubles;
- rent - from 45 thousand rubles.
To these amounts, you can add another 300 thousand rubles. (taxes, utilities, purchase of a work uniform, repair production premises). As a result, for starting investments, you need to have 1,878,000 rubles. In the following months, production will take approximately 1,095,000 rubles as current expenses.
It is difficult to calculate the profit of the enterprise, since the price of each order depends on various factors:
- ladder type,
- execution material,
- length,
- the presence of additional elements, design.
In addition, the cost of one wooden product consists of the costs of the design part of production, development, wages, number of floors. There are about 20 steps per floor.
- Prices for expensive models of stairs of selected raw materials (exotic varieties, oak, black walnut, mahogany) range from 500 thousand to 1 million rubles.
- Standard options (ash, beech) are estimated at 350-500 thousand rubles.
- Stairs from wooden base(birch and other inexpensive species), a simple form can be sold for 200-350 thousand rubles.
- The most budgetary classic turnkey products are sold at a price of 50-190 thousand rubles.
If in a month to achieve the production of 15 stairs according to average price 120 thousand rubles, the revenue will be 1.8 million. Subtract fixed costs and get a net income of 705 thousand rubles. But these are not exact figures, because orders will be received on different types stairs.
How to open the production of wooden stairs (standard models or custom-made, large-scale or small enterprise) depends only on you and your financial capabilities.
It is easier to work with standard products for which there are already structural blanks. However, in this case, you are unlikely to succeed, because you will not stand out among a dozen similar firms. How is it happening manufacturing process for the manufacture of wooden stairs, you can learn from the video.
Currently, what kind of business do not open entrepreneurs! great idea will be the production of stairs made of wood and metal. It is worth paying your attention that both one material and the other have a lot of advantages. For example, for natural wood it is environmentally friendly, wide opportunities choice of finishes and compact dimensions. If speak about metal products they are strong and durable. Let's see how to set up the production of stairs.
What do you need to get started?
Before you start, you must rent the premises. For an average company, 150-200 will be enough square meters. Here will be the main workshop, where the control assembly of products is carried out, as well as the office of your company. It is mandatory to register a private enterprise.
The OAO form is best suited. The main nuance this business is that it does not require large investments. 300-400 thousand rubles will be enough to start. This includes the rent of the premises, the salaries of employees for the first working month, as well as the placement of advertising and the purchase of materials for manufacturing.
Manufacture of natural wood stairs
We note right away that this product is very expensive. Nevertheless, natural wood is in great demand on the market. Especially if your goods High Quality, a design work on high. If we talk about such material as wood, then there are two types of stairs from it: mid-flight and spiral.
The first ones are an order of magnitude cheaper, since they look simpler, but they are much more convenient to use. Screw - the pleasure is expensive, but this design does not require much space. The angle of inclination of the steps should be 45 degrees, and the width should be at least 30 cm, the height should be 20 cm.
If you plan to make a staircase, then it is imperative to produce railings for them, as these are elementary safety requirements. Please note that when making wood products most of the work is done manually, and the breeds used are quite expensive, so any mistakes result in losses for the entire company.
Required equipment to start
The panel saw is used for panel cutting. The main task of this unit is to ensure that the workpiece is cut exactly straight. Another necessary machine is a band saw. Its principle of operation is the opposite of that which underlies the operation of the above-described unit, and consists in cutting the shield in a curved manner.
Of course, in the workshop there should be milling machine, it is needed for direct profiling of a wood blank. To obtain grooves and drill holes in future steps, you will also have to purchase a groove-drilling unit. On the final stage production, each step must undergo a fine grinding, so you cannot do without the appropriate equipment.
All this is necessary to obtain high-quality bowstrings and risers, as well as steps. As noted above, in your production you must also manufacture railings. To do this, you need a trimming and four-sided machines. If you plan to manufacture curly parts, then be sure to get a turning unit.
Production of metal stairs
Technology is used in 90% of cases cold forging. This is due to the fact that in this way it is possible to obtain optimal technical and economic indicators of the product. The process is almost completely automated.
According to a given stencil, a future part is cut out, whether it be a staircase, a fence, etc. The peculiarity lies in the fact that the metal blank is practically not exposed to heat, with the exception of the joints. The highlight is that you do not need to spend money on additional equipment.
It should immediately be noted that minimum set- this is a grinder, a cutter (gas) and welding machine. It is desirable to have several machines, for example, milling and drilling. Also, you can not do without consumables and plumbing materials.
Need to have assembly tables and clamps. Again, an integral part successful business is the work of a designer and architect. Your further reputation depends on how professionally the staircase will be made.
A few important points
At the first stage of production, the responsible person is the designer, since it is he who meets with the customer and develops the project. Further, the finished drawings are sent to specialists, who, in fact, embody everything in reality. Don't forget about quality advertising. As practice shows, when right approach you can get 50% more customers with just the right ads.
You can place them anywhere - on the Internet, on thematic forums, etc. As for the staff, as noted above, you cannot do without a professional designer and architect. The fact is that the production of stairs for the home is more creative work than the usual execution of the next order.
Even if your product is incredibly durable and of high quality, but does not have the proper appearance, it is unlikely that the customer will be satisfied with cooperation with you. But this does not mean at all that you do not need to pay attention to other important indicators, for example, such as the moisture content of wood, which should be no more than 10-12%, or the strength of the product.
Conclusion
You can set up the production of wooden or metal stairs, both to order and according to existing templates. But note that the first option is much more in demand. This is due to the fact that much depends on the design and style of the room. Agree, to make redevelopment and repairs in a house or apartment just because of the installation of stairs is not so advisable.
You must take into account the seasonality of this business, even though all work will be carried out inside the building. As a rule, most of the customers are in spring and summer. You can combat this phenomenon in several ways. For example, fulfill 25% more orders, which will allow you not to experience losses in autumn and winter. Or artificially create queues, that is, work year-round.
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