When building their own house or, if necessary, to carry out major repairs in the apartment, their owners are faced with the need to install utilities. One of the parameters that you will have to decide on is the diameter of the sewer pipe.
You will also need:
- calculate the slope of the future system, on which the functioning of the sewer depends,
- calculate the number of turns of the highway and their angle;
- choose a pipe assembly method;
- pick up fittings and plumbing fixtures.
For the correct performance of the work, it is necessary to design the future structure and select all building materials. As for the diameter of the sewer pipe in an apartment or residential building, it is customary to use products with a cross section of 100 millimeters in toilets, and from 40 to 50 millimeters in the kitchen and bathroom.
Sewer pipe diameter
The difference between the diameters is due to two reasons:
- at the time of flushing in the toilet, a large volume of water passes through the plumbing fixture;
- solid fractions and objects that can clog the pipe often get into the toilet if it has a small cross section.
But in this case, the question arises why the diameter of the pipes in the bathrooms is small, and in fact a significant amount of wastewater passes through them at the time of their emptying. This feature is explained simply.
The fact is that the patency of the sewer pipe corresponds to this parameter in its narrowest point, and it is the outlet of the bath. It has a minimum diameter of the sewer pipe, and it is covered with a special grate. Therefore, it makes no sense to use large-section products in the bathroom.
If you install a bidet next to the toilet, then the diameter should still not exceed 100 millimeters, since the simultaneous operation of two plumbing fixtures, if it happens, is extremely rare.
Install pipes with a large diameter for toilets, not only because of the need to pass solid fractions. The fact is that they should remain a small gap designed for air.
The nuances of arranging the system
To understand why such a large toilet pipe diameter is needed, one should imagine a closed system in which drains move at speed, occupying the entire internal space.
In this case, the displaced air in all outlets will be under very high pressure. It will squeeze out water locks in plumbing fixtures, which will cause a lot of trouble to property owners. A terrible smell will appear in the bathroom and it is likely that you will have to wash the walls and ceiling from feces.
SNiP 2.04.01-85 describes how to calculate the diameters of pipes for sewerage in an apartment. They are complex, they take into account the slope of the pipeline on the horizontal sections of the highway, the angle of connection of the terminals with the riser and other nuances. The same documentation contains tables that provide an opportunity to calculate the maximum permeability of pipe products for a certain diameter size.
As practice shows:
- For wiring the entire sewer system in houses and apartments with the optimal amount of plumbing equipment, a product with a cross section of 100 millimeters will suffice.
- The diameter of the sewer pipe for sinks, bathrooms and other appliances should be half that.
- If engineering communications are laid in an apartment building, then the diameter of the sewer riser pipe in five-story buildings should be 100 millimeters, and in buildings with a higher number of storeys - no more than 150 millimeters.
- Common to a large number of apartments, the horizontal sections of the sewer system, which combine several risers and access to a sewer well, can be approximately 200 millimeters in diameter.
- The size of the diameter of the cast-iron sewer pipe in an apartment or private household begins to decrease after a certain time due to the fouling of the inner surface with various types of deposits.
- The diameters of plumbing plastic pipes never decrease, since their inner surface is smooth and hardly collects fat deposits. Also, they do not silt, sand does not collect in them, provided that they are provided with a sufficient slope and there are no irregularities inside the products.
Based on the above information, the conclusion is that during the repair, when replacing a 50 mm cast iron pipe, a 40 mm plastic product can be used.
The variety of diameters of manufactured sewer pipes is not limited to the previously named sizes. In the distribution network, you can find pipe products made of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene, having diameters equal to 75.90, 110,160,300 millimeters.
But, before you opt for such products, you need to know that it is sometimes problematic to purchase fittings or cuffs for them intended for connection with plumbing fixtures. Perhaps you should not give preference to products with a non-standard cross section.
At the same time, an exception must be made for sewer pipes made of plastic with a cross section of 200 millimeters or more, since their scope is the arrangement of outlets to wells and the laying of sections between them. The fact is that these products today there is no alternative. Various sizes of plastic sewer pipes make them more and more popular.
Choosing the right diameter
When selecting materials for arranging a wastewater disposal system, one should remember not only what diameter the sewer pipes are, but also take into account some of the nuances of such work:
- The cross section of a horizontally located pipeline cannot be larger than the diameter of the sewer riser pipe into which the waste water is drained. In addition, it must be remembered that any narrowing in the structure, located in the direction of movement of the drains, are places where blockages will form.
- Horizontal connections must be assembled from angles and oblique tees. Angles of 90 degrees are allowed only when joining a horizontal section of the system with a sewer riser. Subject to this rule, there are no problems if necessary to clean the sewer.
- Be sure to equip revisions in the places of rotation of the sewer structure, which are cleaning holes with lids. An exception is allowed only when, for example, there is a tee nearby, which serves to connect the sink. If necessary, it is he who will perform the function of the audit.
- When risers are located in multi-storey buildings, revisions are placed every three floors. It will not be superfluous to arrange a revision on horizontal blind areas with a length of more than 12 meters.
- From above, the sewer riser is left open, which is explained by the need for air leakage, otherwise the rarefaction when flushing sewage on the lower floors will suck in the water seal from the plumbing fixture installed on the upper floor, and the unpleasant smell will quickly spread to the entire apartment.
- The slope of a horizontally located pipe should be 1-2 centimeters per meter. If you make it larger, the water, when drained, will not only make more noise, but also silt up. When the slope is less, the drains leave too slowly.
- When laying the sewer system under the screed, it should be thermally insulated with rolled material and then the noise of the water will not be heard much.
- Plastic products with a diameter of 40-300 millimeters can be cut with a hacksaw or grinder without any problems. As a result, the cut is smooth and there are no burrs on it. Then you need to chamfer the pipe.
- The sewer structure is fixed at intervals that are equal to ten pipe diameters.
- When laying plastic pipes with a diameter of 40 to 300 millimeters, they should be left free space in case of thermal expansion. Therefore, when inserting pipes into the socket of the previous elements, they do not need to be pushed all the way, but about 0.5 centimeters should be left. Then, with a long discharge of hot drains, the sections of the pipeline mounted end-to-end will not be damaged.
- The entire sewer system is assembled so that the sockets are located towards the moving liquid.
When laying a sewer system, the owners face the question of choosing pipes. And this is not only what material they are made of, but also their dimensions, namely the length and diameter. And if there are no difficulties with the length, then there is a hitch when choosing the diameter of the pipe.
The performance of the entire system depends on this parameter. Therefore, this issue must be approached responsibly. Today, a wide range of sewer components of any length, diameter, etc. is presented on the construction markets. So, with the choice of the sewer pipe diameter required for a particular system, there should be no difficulties.
Pipe diameter and scope
The location of their installation directly depends on the size of the pipes. The fundamental parameter for determining the scope of the sewer pipe is the diameter. It is he who determines where they can be used:
- for kitchen sinks and sinks - 50 mm;
- for the toilet and bidet - 100 - 110 mm.
In addition, such values depend on this value as:
- wall thickness;
- product weight.
All sizes of pipes used in sewer systems are prescribed in SNiP. They are verified and selected in such a way that they can guarantee the functional operation of the pipeline. Also, in this regulatory document there are formulas for calculating the required parameters of the pipe.
Video: Dimensions of sewer pipes
For private use, they are quite complex, since you need to take into account the intensity of use of the system, the angle of inclination, the length of the pipeline, and much more. Therefore, you can refer to the table below, it shows the main pipe diameters for different devices.
Inner and outer diameter
In order to choose the right pipe for sewerage, with the necessary patency, you can make a simple calculation. To do this, you will need the following parameters:
- D - ∅ outside in mm;
- b is the wall thickness.
And with a simple formula: d = D - 2b, we find out the internal ∅ of the pipe (d). In the manufacture of pipes, they are marked with the wall thickness (b) and outer diameter (D). However, products are selected precisely according to the internal.
Sometimes, some communication elements, such as: clamps, fittings, couplings, etc., are indicated by fractional values \u200b\u200b- 1/8 inch, etc. To convert one value to another, you can use the table below.
| inches | mm. | Inch | mm | inches | mm | inches | mm | inches | mm |
| 1 | 25,4 | 2 | 50,8 | 3 | 76,2 | 4 | 101,6 | ||
| 1/8 | 3,2 | 1 1/8 | 28,6 | 2 1/8 | 54 | 3 1/8 | 79,4 | 4 1/8 | 104,8 |
| 1/4 | 6,4 | 1 1/4 | 31,8 | 2 1/4 | 57,2 | 3 1/4 | 82,6 | 4 1/4 | 108,8 |
| 3/8 | 9,5 | 1 3/8 | 34,9 | 2 3/8 | 60,3 | 3 3/8 | 85,7 | 4 3/8 | 111,1 |
| 1/2 | 12,7 | 1 1/2 | 38,1 | 2 1/2 | 63,5 | 3 1/2 | 88,9 | 4 1/2 | 114,3 |
| 5/8 | 15,9 | 1 5/8 | 41,3 | 2 5/8 | 66,7 | 3 5/8 | 92,1 | 4 5/8 | 117,5 |
| 3/4 | 19 | 1 3/4 | 44,4 | 2 3/4 | 69,8 | 3 3/4 | 95,2 | 4 3/4 | 120,6 |
| 7/8 | 22,2 | 1 7/8 | 47,6 | 2 7/8 | 73 | 3 7/8 | 98,4 | 4 7/8 | 123,8 |
You can create an efficient sewer system with optimal throughput if you adhere to the calculated dimensions: length, diameter, etc. Before starting work, you need to make a system diagram, which will allow you to calculate not only the amount of material, but also their size.
One of the most important parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing pipes for a sewerage device is, in addition to the pipe material, the diameter of the sewer pipe, because pipes of different diameters are used for various internal sewerage systems. All sewer pipes are manufactured strictly in accordance with the Specifications. At the same time, manufacturers offer a huge selection of products of different sizes. Therefore, it is easy to choose exactly what is required for each specific case. How to do this - the article below will tell.
Influence of diameter on other pipe parameters
As we have already said, one of the main parameters of any pipe is its diameter. It defines the scope of its application:
- to drain water from a free-standing bathtub or sink, use pipes with a diameter of no more than 75 mm;
- pipes that drain waste from the toilet should already have a diameter of 100-110 mm;
- sewer pipes of large diameters are used to divert all collected sewage out of the building.
The diameter of the sewer pipes determines their other parameters:
- Pipe wall thickness. For pipes of large diameter (up to 160 mm), the wall thickness is greater than for pipes with a diameter of up to 110 mm. It is respectively 3.9 and 3 mm.
- Pipe weight. 1 m of pipe with a diameter of 160 mm weighs about 2 kg, while a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm of the same length weighs just over 1 kg.
Inner and outer diameter
Usually, the factory marking indicates only the outer diameter of the sewer pipe and its thickness.
Pro tip: In order to determine the inner diameter of the purchased pipe, it is necessary to subtract twice the value of its thickness from the value of the outer diameter.
The inner diameter of the sewer pipe must be known in order not to be mistaken with the selection of pipes to perform certain tasks in the sewerage system.
There is an approximate gradation of pipes used in certain cases for internal and external sewage:
- To drain water from a washing machine or dishwasher, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are used.
- For drainage from a shower cabin, bathtub, sinks, pipes with a diameter of 32 mm are suitable.
- The general sewer wiring in the apartment is pipes with a diameter of up to 40-50 mm.
- To divert all drains to the outside, pipes of the largest diameter are used - from 160 to 200 mm.
Pipes made from various materials are usually used for different types of sewers. So for the device of external sewage, plastic pipes are often used, for example, PVC sewer pipes: their diameter is most often 110 mm.
Cast iron pipes are marked, which indicates their nominal (actual) diameter. For example, the designation "DN 100" indicates that the diameter of the "conditional passage" of the pipe is 100 mm. Thus, in order to determine the nominal inner diameter of cast iron sewer pipes, it is enough to check their markings.
Smallest allowable diameters
According to the Sanitary Norms and Rules (SNiP), pipes can be used for various types of sewerage networks, the minimum size of which is:
- for the flow of industrial and domestic water within the quarter - 150 mm;
- for the same street networks - 200 mm;
- for a quarterly network that drains rainwater - 220 mm;
- for street storm network - 250 mm;
- for networks that output silt under pressure - 150 mm.
In some cases, minimum pipe sizes are allowed:
- for settlements, the volume of effluents in which does not exceed 300 cubic meters per day, both for street and quarterly networks that carry out the withdrawal of industrial water, it is possible to use pipes with a minimum diameter of 150 mm;
- for some production networks, if appropriate justification is provided, this diameter may be even smaller.
Determining the exact pipe diameter
Convert mm to inches
It is not very easy, at times, to determine the diameter of the required pipe, since it is often indicated not in millimeters, but in inches. To move from one unit to another, there are various tables that can be used.
The conversion table shown in the figure above is used if it is possible to measure the diameter (the pipe is not fixed) with a ruler or with a caliper.
Pro tip:
To measure the diameter of an existing (installed) pipe at home, you just need to attach a ruler to it and measure its “thickness”. If the resulting number is about 32 mm, then the bore diameter of the pipe is 1 inch; about 28 mm is already ¾ inch; 16 mm - ½ inch.
Calculation of the required pipe diameter
It is important to know the diameter of the pipes used in the installation of the system. The volume of liquid carrier passing through the pipes is directly related to their diameter. An accurate calculation of the diameter of the sewer pipes can be done independently.
The diameter is calculated by a simple formula:
where:
- V is the speed of movement of liquid masses through pipes. The indicator should not exceed the value of 0.7 / s. You can choose from the table below.
- h / d - indicator of the fullness of the pipeline. It is the ratio of the flow height h (maximum) to the inner diameter of the pipe. The minimum value should exceed 0.3, the maximum should not exceed 0.6.
- K is a coefficient depending on the material of the pipeline. So, for polymer products it is 0.5, for other materials - 0.6.
The most optimal version of the sewer system is easy to create if you adhere to the calculated pipe diameter. Drawing up a preliminary detailed design of the entire sewerage system in the house will allow you to determine the required number and size of pipes purchased for installing the system.
Not a single full-fledged residential building will be considered as such if it is not provided with high-quality sewage.
Sewerage is a necessary system that significantly improves the quality of our life. It is difficult to imagine a modern house not equipped with such amenities. Although, unfortunately, there are enough such buildings in areas remote from cities.
Nevertheless, sewers can also be designed with your own hands, if no other options for connecting it are foreseen. For construction, you will need to purchase sewer pipes, connecting them into a single working system.
What sewer pipes are there, what are their sizes and how do they differ? Now you will know.
Article content
Features and types
Sewer pipes are somewhat different from water pipes. Which, however, is quite obvious.
Plumbing is needed when a water supply system is to be laid that supplies clean water to the end user. Sewer pipes perform a different role. They remove drains, drain water and human waste.
Unlike pure water, waste can come in many different shapes and sizes. Consequently, the diameter of the sewer pipes, in order to avoid their premature clogging, increases significantly.
The material from which pipes for the sewerage of a private house are made must meet the requirements of stability, durability, strength and zero interaction with corrosion.
To choose the right sewer pipes, you need to pay attention to them:
- Dimensions.
- Execution material.
These three points are extremely important and are evaluated in the first place.
Line dimensions
The construction of a sewerage system in a private house begins with the selection of pipes, or rather, with the selection of their diameters. The diameters of sewer pipes vary greatly from each other. There are models of both a small sample, 32, 50, 75 mm, and a medium one from 100-110 mm to 160-200 mm.
It should be understood that the diameter of the sewer pipe clearly meets the requirements for it. Sizes are not universal. This is the difference between the 32 mm and 75 mm lines in the water supply system solely in the line capacity. The diameter of the sewer pipes has a much greater impact on the system.
Take, for example, samples whose dimensions are kept in the range from 32 to 75 mm. These products are usually used when it is necessary to lay an internal sewerage system. For example, models with a diameter of 32 mm are perfect for connecting the waste outlet from a small washbasin in the bathroom. Pipes up to 75 mm are a larger option, they can already be connected to a bathtub, a washbasin in the kitchen, etc.
Problems begin when the wrong requirements are imposed on the wiring in a private house. For example, they try to put 32-75 mm pipes where they don't belong.
The smaller the sewer billet in diameter, the smaller its overall dimensions, which means the greater the chance of clogging. In the washbasin, where the lion's share of the waste is ordinary water, the use of such lines is not critical. But to organize the removal of the same toilet bowl from pipes, the total dimensions of which in the cross section are less than 75 mm, is at least unreasonable.
Lines of large diameter
The same applies to products whose dimensions are not limited to two-digit numbers. Pipes with diameters of 100-110 mm and up to 160 mm are considered combined. They can be placed without fear in the internal wiring of the sewerage system of a private house anywhere. A pipe 100-110 mm in diameter is perfectly protected and will not cause you problems inside the house.
Sometimes products with diameters of 100-160 mm are even used to equip interfloor risers. However, one must be careful here. The riser collects waste from impressive volumes of house wiring. It is one thing to lay a line with a diameter of 100 to 160 mm on, for example, a common sewer branch connected to a bathroom and a washbasin at the same time.
And it’s completely different when several more bathrooms are added to the load. For safety reasons, for risers in a private house, it is recommended to buy pipes with a diameter of 160 mm or more. And it’s better to forget about risers from segments with a diameter of 100-110 mm.
Pipes larger than 160 mm in diameter are usually too expensive and bulky to be conveniently used indoors. However, they do an excellent job as an outdoor sewer. Moreover, only lines with a diameter above 160 mm in the external sewer are used. And the main pipelines are completely equipped with systems with cross-sectional dimensions from 250 mm and above.
Note that such recommendations relate more to wiring in a private house or an apartment building. At industrial enterprises, pipes of 32-75 mm in diameter are almost never used, and systems with dimensions of 100-110 mm and above are considered the most popular there.
Material
Modern sewer pipes are mainly produced from polymer substitutes. Gone is the era of cast iron and concrete, although the outdoor in our area is still quite common.
The most popular solutions for creating:
- polyethylene;
- polyvinyl chloride.
Both the first and second options have a lot of their advantages. Polyethylene products differ due to their greater strength. Their dimensions, as a rule, only start from the level of 100-110 mm, therefore, mainly polyethylene products are produced for.
Polyethylene perfectly withstands external physical pressure, is not afraid of temperature changes or external influence of irritants, which makes it perhaps the most attractive material in terms of engineering ability.
At the same time, the cost of polyethylene is not that too high. Polyethylene sewerage is several times cheaper or cast iron.
- no less popular option. Polyvinyl chloride or PVC is not as durable as HDPE. It is more like plastic in our traditional sense. Nevertheless, PVC does an excellent job of laying the internal sewerage of a private house.
Manufacturers have reached an agreement to distinguish between two main directions in which sewage installation is being carried out. They paint materials for internal sewage with diameters up to 110 mm gray, and products intended for laying external sewers with a diameter of 160 mm or more are painted orange or light brown.
Replacing the sewer riser (video)
Installation technology
Installing sewer pipes is a serious matter. There are many additional factors to consider here. In addition to the diameter, the internal wiring of the sewer, the external wiring, the connection scheme of both systems, the method of connecting the segments, the presence of risers, etc. are taken into account.
Installation always starts with planning. First select the material and diameter. We have already talked about them above. Internal sewerage is designed from pipes with a diameter of up to 110 mm.
The size is selected so that the line does not become clogged during operation. If it is necessary to assemble several bathrooms into one pipe, then its diameter is artificially increased. It is advisable to withstand sufficient, since in most cases the sewer is made free-flowing, that is, the waste in it is removed by gravity.
The pipes themselves are connected mainly in the socket. Socket connections are convenient for their practicality and ease of handling. The segments are simply connected to each other with the correct ends, rotated several times clockwise, and then the butt parts are sealed with sealant.
The last steps are not strictly necessary. Very often, a socket connection, without additional processing, provides the proper level of tightness.
Once upon a time, dark times reigned on our planet. And there was no end in sight. But with the development of the sewer system, everything changed. It happened in ancient Rome before the beginning of the new chronology. And already in the 20th century AD, this drainage system began to settle down everywhere in all developed cities of the world. Therefore, now a person is so accustomed to this convenience that, in spite of everything, in the case of repair or construction, he is ready to endure and overcome all the difficulties associated with the installation of a sewer in his apartment or house.
And there really are enough problems. After all, it is necessary to choose the right diameter of pipes, count their number, build a sewer, and of course, choose material from which the pipes are made. This article is intended to answer the last question. Since such important indicators for us as price and service life depend on the type of material.
To date, the following types of sewer pipes:
- steel;
- cast iron;
- ceramic;
- asbestos-cement;
- plastic - PVC and polypropylene polyethylene;
- metal-plastic.
Let us turn to each of these types of products separately and determine their main characteristics.
Steel pipes
Pipes made of steel are most often used in the installation of water supply and heating systems. But they try not to use them for sewage, since the material is highly susceptible to corrosion. In the case of stopping their choice on this type of pipes, experts recommend covering them with bitumen or buying galvanized ones if possible.
Steel pipes are distinguished by a wide range of diameters and can be produced both welded and seamless. The latter, in turn, are more durable and reliable, but also more expensive than the former.
Table of the main characteristics of steel pipes
| Indicator | Meaning | Note |
|
Price |
from 100 rubles/p.m. |
The cost of a steel tube with a diameter of 100 mm for Central Russia for the period of 2015 |
|
Life time |
The service life depends on the steel grade, wall thickness and the quality of the anti-corrosion coating. A few words about corrosion. So, on average for steel, it is 0.1 mm per year. |
|
|
Mounting methods |
welding, threading, couplings, flanges |
The connection of steel pipes can be made in any way available today. But still the most common are welding and threading. |
|
anti-corrosion |
Steel is susceptible to rotting, so pipes for external sewerage must be treated with waterproof compounds, for example, coated with bitumen. For wiring sewers indoors, it is enough to paint them. |
|
|
Weight 1 rm. meters |
about 8 kg |
Weight indicated for pipe ø102x4 |
|
Available diameters |
In the case of a sewerage device for a residential building, in the construction market, you can easily choose the right diameter |
|
|
Maximum temperature |
800°C and 60°C |
Steel pipes themselves easily tolerate domestic temperatures. But the protection can soften under the influence of lower temperatures. For example, for bitumen it is set at 60°C. Therefore, if you want the pipes to last for a long time, then choose anti-corrosion protection in accordance with the temperature regime of operation. |
|
In steel pipes, more often than in others, it is necessary to break through the blockage that has formed. This usually happens due to a decrease in the diameter of the pipe due to corrosion. |
||
|
Strength |
excellent |
Steel pipes have excellent strength both under the influence of high and under the influence of low temperatures. But upon impact, dents can form on them, which, if significant, will lead to rapid clogging of pipes. |
Cast iron pipes
At present, it is the cast-iron pipes that were buried back in Soviet times that the management companies are trying so diligently to replace. Thanks to this, residential courtyards often become like a war zone - trenches, artificial hills, heavy equipment and people in overalls ready to accomplish a feat, but not today.
Cast iron pipes were used in the USSR for two simple reasons - a long service life and a low price.
Table of the main characteristics of cast iron pipes
| Indicator | Meaning | Note |
|
Price |
from 120 rubles/p.m. |
cost of a cast-iron tube with an inner diameter of 100 mm for Central Russia for the period of 2015 |
|
Life time |
The service life of cast iron pipes depends on the quality of the cast iron and the composition of the anti-corrosion protection |
|
|
Mounting methods |
through a socket or sleeve |
Cast iron pipes are produced both with a socket (broadening at the end of the pipe) and without it. In the first case, one pipe is inserted into another, and the connection is sealed with a rubber gasket and lubricated with a water-insoluble lubricant. In the second case, pipes of the same diameter are connected to each other at the end using a coupling, on which there is a clamp for tightening. It is also worth noting here that cast iron pipes are leaders in the complexity of installation. |
|
anti-corrosion |
These pipes, just like steel pipes, need anti-corrosion treatment - painting, bitumen coating, etc. If they are produced in accordance with GOST 6942-98, then a layer of bitumen should already be applied from their inside and outside. |
|
|
Weight 1 rm. meters |
about 13 kg |
The weight is for a pipe with an inner diameter of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 4.5 mm |
|
Available diameters |
The easiest way to find the diameters of cast iron pipes is 50, 100 and 150 mm, as they are produced according to GOST 6942-98. As for large diameters, they are produced according to GOST 9583-75. Also, according to the latest standard, it is advisable to purchase pipes if a pressure sewer with a high design pressure is planned. |
|
|
Maximum temperature |
400°C and 60°C |
|
|
The frequency of clogging |
less than in steel pipes |
Due to the internal waterproofing, large particles entering the pipe will pass much better than in steel pipes. It also delays the time when the product begins to decrease in diameter due to corrosion. |
|
Strength |
Cast iron pipes can withstand significant mechanical stress. But in those cases when the tensile strength is overcome, this product does not bend, but breaks. |
Ceramic pipes
Ceramic pipes are very similar in their properties to cast iron pipes. But unlike the latter, ceramic pipes do not rot. In other words, they are 100% resistant to corrosion, acids and alkalis.
In everyday life, such pipes are used quite rarely due to their high cost. Therefore, if it was decided to use this particular type of pipe, then be aware that they are laid during the construction of non-pressure industrial and domestic sewer networks.
Table of the main characteristics of ceramic pipes
| Indicator | Meaning | Note |
|
Price |
from 800 rub./p.m. |
cost of a ceramic tube with a diameter of 150 mm for Central Russia for the period of 2015 |
|
Life time |
It all depends on the external operating conditions and the attitude of moles towards them. |
|
|
Mounting methods |
through the bell |
Ceramic pipes in 99% of cases are interconnected through a socket using seals |
|
not required |
These products are resistant to aggressive environments, water and fire without any additional protection. |
|
|
Weight 1 rm. meters |
about 8 kg |
The weight is indicated for a pipe with an inner diameter of 150 mm and a wall thickness of 19 mm |
|
Available diameters |
In accordance with GOST 286-82, the inner diameter of pipes starts from 150 mm and ends at 600 mm. The minimum wall thickness in this case is 19 mm. |
|
|
Maximum temperature |
over 1000°С |
For domestic needs, such pipes are quite suitable. |
|
The frequency of clogging |
less than in cast iron pipes |
The likelihood of blockage in such pipes during operation is much lower than that of cast iron pipes. This is facilitated by the nominal larger diameter, smooth surface and resistance to corrosion. |
|
Strength |
The result after applying significant loads to these pipes corresponds to cast iron pipes, with the only amendment that the ultimate loads, after which a chip appears, are lower than for the latter. |
Asbestos-cement pipes
Asbestos-cement pipes are made by mixing such rare components as asbestos fiber and Portland cement.
When installing sewage, such pipes are rarely used due to their low strength and complexity of installation. And if they are used, then most often only for non-pressure systems (although there are modifications for pressure systems). Where they have earned their popularity is in power supply, namely in the laying of electrical cables.
Table of the main characteristics of asbestos-cement pipes
| Indicator | Meaning | Note |
|
Price |
from 80 rubles/p.m. |
The cost of an asbestos-cement tube with a diameter of 100 mm for Central Russia for the period of 2015 |
|
Life time |
The service life depends on external conditions and the quality of protective compounds. For example, in such a standard as SP 41-106-200, the service life of asbestos-cement pipes for heat pipelines is indicated as 25 years. |
|
|
Mounting methods |
couplings, flanges |
If we are talking about a new sewerage laying, then it is most convenient to butt-join these pipes using asbestos-cement or plastic couplings. In the case of repairs, most often they resort to cast-iron flanges and special bolts. |
|
not required |
Asbestos-cement pipes do not require any special protection. But in order to extend their service life, you can “walk” with bitumen before installation. |
|
|
Weight 1 rm. meters |
about 10 kg |
The weight is for a pipe with an inner diameter of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 9 mm |
|
Available diameters |
The main standards according to which asbestos-cement pipes are produced are GOST 539-80 *, GOST 1839-80 and GOST 11310-90. In accordance with them, the inner diameters of these pipes are 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500 mm. The minimum wall thickness is 9mm. |
|
|
Maximum temperature |
over 160°C |
For domestic needs, such pipes are quite suitable. |
|
The frequency of clogging |
similar to cast iron pipes |
These products have a slight roughness, which increases over time. For this reason, blockages can form in pipes of small diameter. |
|
Strength |
Asbestos-cement pipes do not tolerate impacts with sharp objects. |
plastic pipes
These pipes primarily include products made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene and polyethylene. These pipes have become widespread only in our time. It is on them that the old cast-iron pipes are being replaced.
This choice of service companies is connected primarily with the fact that plastic pipes have an excellent combination of price and quality. So, at a relatively low cost, they have a long service life and resistance to decay.
A few words about the use of each type of plastic pipes. PVC pipes are often used for laying outdoor systems. This is primarily due to the fact that they are cheap and well resist aggressive environments. True, it is worth noting here that speaking of the cost of purchasing PVC pipes, one must also take into account the insulation, since this material becomes brittle under the influence of low temperatures. In addition, experts advise not to use these pipes for building an internal sewage system due to the release of toxic fumes when the polymer ignites.
Polypropylene pipes are produced in two types: for external and for internal pipelines. The first are made single-layer with moderate strength and ability to withstand low temperatures. The latter consist of two layers - a perfectly smooth inner and corrugated outer. As for strength, it is much higher than that of pipes intended for internal pipelines. Therefore, two-layer products resist well the loads exerted on them by the soil.
Polyethylene pipes are currently at the stage of conquering the market. The main argument that can move competitors is their ability not to collapse (they only deform) under the influence of frozen fluid in the pipe. Such pipes are used for the installation of non-pressure sewerage systems.
Table of the main characteristics of plastic pipes
| Indicator | Meaning | Note |
|
Price |
from 400 rubles/p.m. |
The cost of a PVC pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for Central Russia for the period of 2015 |
|
Life time |
The maximum service life is set for non-pressure pipes with a medium temperature of 20°C. Accordingly, at higher temperatures and increased pressure, plastic pipes will last much less. |
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Mounting methods |
socket, coupling, fitting, welding, gluing, carving |
The connection of plastic pipes to each other can be made by any method common today. But a few points need to be clarified here. So, the connection through the socket is made using a rubber seal. If the choice fell on couplings, then they must be made of the same material as the pipes. Flanges are used in the case of joining plastic pipes with metal ones. Fittings are used to connect pipes of small diameters. |
|
fire fighting |
Plastic pipes do not rot, which means that they do not require anti-corrosion protection. But the material from which they are made is capable of igniting with the release of toxic smoke. Therefore, indoors it does not hurt to protect them from fire. |
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Weight 1 rm. meters |
about 4 kg |
The weight is for a pipe with an inner diameter of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 4 mm. |
|
Available diameters |
PVC pipes are produced in accordance with GOST R 51613-2000, polypropylene - in accordance with GOST 26996-86. For external sewage systems consisting of polymer pipes, there is a standard - GOST R 54475-2011. In accordance with it, the limit values \u200b\u200bof plastic sewer pipes are determined. |
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Maximum temperature |
At high temperatures, such pipes lose strength |
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The frequency of clogging |
less than in cast iron pipes |
In plastic pipes, due to the smooth inner surface, blockages appear quite rarely. This usually occurs in places of kinks and if small diameter products were used. |
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Strength |
below the average |
These pipes, compared to others, have the lowest strength at a similar material thickness. |
Metal-plastic pipes
For a long time, the best minds in the world have been thinking about how to create pipes so that they are strong, like steel, and perfectly resist corrosion, like plastic. And then one day it was decided to combine metal with plastic. The product turned out to be quite durable, well processed and resistant to aggressive environments and decay, but expensive.
In addition to the high cost, this type of pipe is produced mainly in small diameters. In connection with these pipes made of metal-plastic are rarely used in the sewerage system.
Table of the main characteristics of metal-plastic pipes
| Indicator | Meaning | Note |
|
Price |
from 500 rubles/p.m. |
The cost of a metal-plastic pipe with a diameter of 63 mm for Central Russia for the period of 2015 |
|
Life time |
The service life depends on the temperature of the transported medium and the pressure in the pipes. So, in non-pressure pipes, where water flows with a temperature of about 20 ° C, it is maximum. |
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Mounting methods |
coupling, fitting |
Most often, metal-plastic pipes are interconnected using compression, press and sliding fittings. |
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fire fighting |
The outer and inner layers of these pipes are made of plastic. So fire protection won't hurt. |
|
|
Weight 1 rm. meters |
about 2 kg |
The weight is for a pipe with an inner diameter of 63 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. |
|
Available diameters |
Metal-plastic pipes are produced in accordance with GOST R 53630-2009 only in small diameters. In this regard, in the sewerage system, they can be used with great restrictions. For example, as the initial section of the pipeline from some equipment. |
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Maximum temperature |
These pipes withstand slightly higher temperatures than ordinary plastic ones. |
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The frequency of clogging |
less than in cast iron pipes |
Suitable for plastic pipes |
|
Strength |
Due to the metal layer, these pipes withstand stronger mechanical stress than plastic pipes. |
So you learned about the main characteristics of sewer pipes. It remains only to choose and buy the most suitable for you.
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