Steps to the second floor with their own hands. Do-it-yourself stairs to the second floor in a private house: diagram, installation, examples. Installation of a ladder structure

Most private residences today have more than one floor, which means there are stairs to the upper levels. This article will provide instructions on how to properly make a staircase to the second floor out of wood on your own and according to your own project, it will tell you what rules you should follow, as well as how to make calculations.

Calculation of the main parameters

A ladder made by oneself will not only be cheaper than ordered in specialized workshops, but will also exactly meet your requirements and desires. The main thing is to approach its creation with intelligence and patience. To do this, the first step is to take accurate measurements and calculate all the important design parameters.

Consider the calculation of the dimensions of the steps and other parameters of the stairs using the example of a marching structure on stringers - the simplest project. This design consists of load-bearing boards, steps or treads and risers. In addition to the dimensions of the stairs, it is also necessary to determine its slope. It is clearly visible what angle range will be acceptable for the design in the diagram below.

As you can see, the most convenient, and most importantly, safe angle of inclination is considered to be in the range of 23-37 °. When choosing the slope necessary for your room, it is worth considering that with a small area, it is worth choosing the largest angle, then the required space for the structure will be the smallest, and vice versa.

Attention! If the angle of inclination of the stairs is too high, it will be more problematic to lift or move something to the second floor. And if the angle is less than 23 °, then it is easier to install a ramp.

The width of the march is determined by the number of people that can climb it at the same time. At least this value can be about 1 m, but it is recommended to build a structure from 1.25-1.5 m wide. The height of the stairs will be fixed depending on the layout of the house. It is the distance from the floor of the 1st floor to its ceiling plus the thickness of the floor of the second level.

Now we need to calculate how many steps will be needed for our stairs. We carry out the calculation based on the height of the steps recommended for comfortable movement - from 18 to 20 cm. Having chosen the height of the step, you can calculate their number by dividing the fixed height of the entire structure by the height of the step itself, chosen independently.

In addition, it is also necessary to determine the width of the tread, which should vary in the range of 25-30 cm. It depends on the size of the legs of the residents of the house - the length of the foot. By multiplying this value by the number of steps, you can get the projection of the structure on the floor of the first floor. It remains to determine only the length of the entire staircase.

The length is calculated using a simple formula that you probably still remember from the school course - the Pythagorean theorem. The figure above shows all the parameters and the calculation formula. When all the parameters are calculated, you can proceed to the procurement of material and the manufacture of structural elements.

Manufacturing and installation of stairs according to the calculated parameters

As a material for a wooden staircase, most often today craftsmen use oak, coniferous trees, linden and so on. Choose according to the overall style of the interior and your budget possibilities. Excellent railings can be made from a blockhouse, and wooden bars 500x500 mm can be used for balusters.

To create a kosour with precise recesses for steps, it is necessary to mark up according to the template. Below is an illustrated guide to this event. For marking, you will need a pattern and a square, and of course a pencil. The kosour itself can be made from a timber beam about 14x16 in size.

According to the marked marks, now you need to work with a circular saw. When cutting steps, you must move with extreme caution so as not to go beyond the markings. When one kosour is ready, cut the rest along it.

Note! The more stringers in the design, the stronger and tougher the staircase will come out. It will also avoid unwanted deflections of the steps and loosening of the entire structure.

Now only the cutting of steps and risers remains, the size of the former will depend on the thickness of the latter. In addition, do not forget about the protrusion of the step by about 2-4 cm above the step itself. To create a more attractive appearance of steps, you can process the edges with a round cutter.

When all the details are ready, it is necessary to conduct a trial fitting of the structure. If everything is in order, you can start grinding the parts and assembling the structure. The connection of all the components of the stairs is coated with carpentry or PVA glue, and it is also necessarily fastened with stainless steel screws for reliability.

The final finishing touch will be the decorative design of the stairs - varnishing or coating with stain, paint and other means. First of all, a stain is applied, and when the layer dries, you can start varnishing (recommended in more than 1 layer) with a waterproof agent. The stain can also be replaced by drying oil.

Attention! It is even better to cover with a stain before assembling the entire structure, in this case, the joints that will be smeared with glue must be protected with molar tape.

Most private houses in our time have several floors. It is cheaper to build such a house, since you can get more living space with a smaller foundation. After all, it is the foundation that accounts for the main expenses during construction. Yes, and organizing a convenient layout of a two-story house is easier.

But the presence of more floors requires the construction of stairs, which often frightens those involved in the construction of their house or cottage. To them, such work seems to be something complicated, but in fact, everything is quite simple. A good staircase is easy to build with your own hands, just knowing a few features.

What is the staircase made of?

Stair elements

First you need, of course, to understand what it is, what are its main elements. The basic design here is so simple that the differences between different types are minimal.

First, everyone knows that it consists of steps. It is on them that the main burden falls. The steps do not hang in the air, they rely on one of two types of supporting structures - bowstrings or stringers.

Bowstrings are two thick boards in which special grooves are cut for steps and risers. Such grooves are made according to the template. The bowstrings are pulled together with strands of both metal and wood;
Unlike bowstrings, stringers are not straight boards, but have a sawtooth shape. Horizontal cuts are used as a support for the steps, and vertical cuts are used to fasten the risers. Another difference between the kosour and bowstrings is that during construction, you can use not two boards, but one. In the latter version, the steps rest on the walls.

Kosour marking scheme

Optional, but present almost everywhere, the element is the risers. Their main function is decorative. The risers make it possible to hide the interior space of the stairs.

Railings that increase the level of safety of use are also not required, but highly desirable. Sometimes stairs have elements such as a support step or special platforms.

What are stairs

In most modern houses, one of their three main types is made - marching, on the bolts, screw. At the same time, they choose based on aesthetic preferences, the availability of free space in the house, budget and other parameters.

Marching stairs

The most common marching stairs

The simplest and most common design is the marching staircase. Although, having such an important plus - ease of construction, it also has one important drawback - it takes up quite a lot of space. As a result, its construction may not be justified in a small house.

Depending on the number of storeys of the building, its size, stairs of this type are built single-flight, two-flight, three-flight, etc. Marches are called separate segments, which may consist of a different number of steps, but usually no more than fifteen. The optimal number is considered to be ten steps.

In addition, they are divided into open and closed. In most cases, owners make a choice based on aesthetic preferences, because the only difference between them is the presence or absence of risers. Open marching stairs are chosen by those who want a feeling of lightness in the interior.

They have a similar device. They also differ simply in what kind of support they use for them. They can rely on bowstrings, or they can rely on stringers. At the same time, there is no total preference for one type of support. It all depends on the wishes of the owner or location. For example, for a staircase against a wall, it is quite logical to use a stringer as a supporting beam.

To save space, they are often made with a turn. In this case, trapezoidal rotary steps, called winders, are used. The most common angles of rotation of mid-flight stairs are 90 degrees (quarter-turn stairs) and 180 degrees (half-turn stairs). They also come with a 360-degree rotation, but then they can also be attributed to screw ones.

Bolts stairs

Stairs on the rails have a modern, technological and light look.

With the growing popularity of high-tech or modern interiors, the popularity of stairs on the rails has increased. They really have a modern, technological and at the same time light look. They got their name from the German word "bolz", which means "bolt" in translation, this is the name of their main structural element - large hinged balusters.

The design feature here is the absence of a frame, which creates the feeling that it is floating in the air. Its role is assumed by the steps and the bolts, mounted to the handrails.

There are several types of designs of stairs on the rails. You can choose either one that involves only the use of balusters, or with one side resting on a wall, bowstring or stringer. Combinations are quite common. The choice depends only on the taste and planning features of the house.

In addition to aesthetics, they have one definite practical plus - high maintainability. Any element, from steps to railings, is very easy to dismantle.

Spiral stairs

Spiral staircases are popular in both modern and classic interiors.

Both in modern and classic interiors, spiral staircases are popular. They are valued primarily for the fact that they take up very little space (example in the photo). If you have a small house, then this is the choice for you. Their compact, space-saving proportions make efficient use of space. On the other hand, it was not without drawbacks - they are not wide and steep, and self-mounting, although not very difficult, requires more work than in the case of marching ones.

There are two main designs in use today:

The first of them involves the use of bent-glued handrails, on which the steps are attached. This design is quite complex, but it is also distinguished by its special beauty;
The second, the most common and classic, involves the use of a central support and curved handrails. Steps are attached both to the support and to the handrails. This design is simpler and does not have such strict requirements for the strength of materials as the first one.

The design of the spiral staircase can also provide for the support of the steps on the wall. In this case, special recesses are made in the wall, to which they are attached. It will not necessarily be circular, it may well be polygonal.

Make a ladder: Requirements

You need to design a staircase at the design stage of the whole house. In this case, you need to take into account a few simple conditions and requirements:

It is necessary to consider where it will be installed;
How many tenants and how often they will use it, and how old these people will be;
Will it be necessary to carry something very heavy along it;
It is required that the slope angle not only does not exceed 42 degrees, but is also constant along its entire length;
The minimum width should be 80 cm and not less;
Steps should be installed on the basis of a minimum design load of 200 kilograms per meter. cube;
The minimum design load for the railing is 100 kg per meter. cube;
Stair railings should not be too low. Their smallest height can be at least 80 cm;
Balusters should not be too rare, the clear distance between them should not exceed 15 cm.

Make a ladder: Calculations

Before making a staircase, it is necessary to correctly make calculations

Taking into account all the above requirements and choosing the appropriate type of stairs, you can safely proceed to its construction with your own hands according to the drawing.

The success of independent construction depends on correctly made calculations. Calculating the design parameters of the stairs, you determine those dimensions that best contribute to ensuring convenient and safe movement. Moreover, convenience is supported by a certain ratio between the rise and advancement.

When designing, you need to remember that all steps of one march must have the same dimensions. At the same time, the sum of the double height of the riser and the step should not be less than the length of the average human step, which is 60–66 cm.

To achieve the greatest convenience, it is worth maintaining the difference between the width of the step and the height of the riser at the level of 12 cm, but the greatest safety is achieved when the sum of these parameters is not less than 46 cm.

When calculating the angle of inclination, it is taken into account that the distance from the plane of each step to the ceiling should not be less than two meters.

The optimal angle is considered to be in the range from 23 to 37 degrees.

Naturally, the larger it is, the less space the structure will take, but at an angle of more than 45 degrees, it will simply be inconvenient to climb along it.

In order to determine the total length of a simple flight of stairs, you can use the formula H2 + D2 = L2, where H is the sum of the distance from the floor of the first floor to the ceiling and the thickness of the interfloor ceiling, and D is the size of the projection onto the floor. In order to determine the size of the projection, you must first find out the number of steps required. To do this, divide H by the selected step height. After that, the resulting number of steps is multiplied by their selected width.

Make a ladder according to the instructions: a ladder with bowstrings

There are many types of stairs, now we will talk about the stairs on bowstrings.

Staircase to the second floor on bowstrings

How to make a string

It is necessary to start building a staircase on bowstrings from their manufacture. Why choose either a solid solid and fairly thick board or a durable glued laminated timber. The length of the boards is selected based on the length of the stairs or march. You also need to prepare the strands with which you fasten the beams so that they do not part in different directions during operation.

The markup is done even before the bowstrings are installed. This stage plays an important role, since its incorrect execution often leads to a banal distortion of the steps. In order for the cutouts of the grooves to be completely identical, located equidistant from each other, a self-made template is used when marking. A thin sheet of plywood is used as a template.

On the inside of the board, you need to draw a boundary line, stepping back 5 cm from the edge, otherwise the bowstring has a chance to turn into a string.

It is these lines that will act as the border of the steps. Then they take a template, apply and outline the places for future grooves, moving to the end. The location of the grooves on the beams of the bowstrings should be mirrored.

Mounting the bowstring

Mounting bowstrings does not require any special skills and a lot of time. The whole procedure consists in the fact that the bowstring is fastened with screws to the floor and the ceiling of the floors. Sometimes, if a very large load is expected, support beams are used. But such a design is rarely found in interiors, due to its bulkiness and lack of practical necessity.

Cutting elements

For cutting grooves, a conventional milling machine is used. This requires two or three approaches, no more. They almost always start with side cuts, after which they make additional ones that make work easier with a chisel. The optimal depth is 1.5–2 cm. At the end, the grooves are cleaned and the edges are smeared with glue before mounting the steps.

How to make steps and mount them

The manufacture of steps is one of the simplest procedures among all installation work. A dry board is taken. Its thickness should be at least 3.5 cm. The width must correspond to that which was chosen for the steps in the calculations. The board is cut based on the width of the stairs, including the railing. Grind after cutting. The procedure for making risers looks almost the same. Unless you can use a less thick board - up to 2 cm.

When assembling a flight of stairs, the steps are first of all attached, for which self-tapping screws are used. The best option is 6x90 self-tapping screws, of which there should be six pieces.

It is also possible to mount without the use of additional devices, but only with glue. But its strength depends on how tightly the step fits into the groove.

Sometimes the steps are attached to the bowstrings without using grooves. Then, surfs or bars are attached to the inside of the boards with the help of metal holders, on which the steps are placed. Risers can be attached to bowstrings with or without screws.

How to make railings and mount them

Railings can be either made independently or bought ready-made. Although they may differ from each other in appearance, they have the same design - the railing consists of handrails and balusters. Handrails are usually made from boards, and balusters are usually made from square bars. Moreover, the latter can be both very simple and carved.

The number of balusters should usually correspond to the number of steps. Two of them, installed at the beginning of the stairs and at its end, play the role of support. All the rest are decorative.

They also help the safe use of the design. Self-tapping screws act as fasteners, which can be hidden with a decorative plug. After fixing the balusters, handrails are attached to them. For this, self-tapping screws are also needed.

Staircase on stringers

Staircase to the second floor on stringers

The manufacture of a stringer is in many ways similar to the manufacture of bowstrings, although these two types of support structures use a slightly different principle for holding steps.

Using this technology, temporary, outdoor (street) home-made stairs are made in houses.

You need to choose a solid board of solid durable wood. The board must be dry.

After that, a marking template is made, similar to the one used to make the bowstring. The template imitating the protrusions must correspond to the calculated dimensions of the steps. This time you do not need to draw an indent line, since it will not be necessary to cut out the grooves.

For sawing out protrusions, it is most convenient to use an electric jigsaw. After they are sawn, they need to be sanded.

Self-made stairs at first glance may seem like a rather complicated task, requiring calculations, the right choice of material and certain skills. But this is only at first glance. It is enough to get acquainted with how everything is done to understand that there is nothing complicated here.

Making your home comfortable does not require too much time, or too much effort, or a significant financial outlay.

There are also types of stairs for limited space - folding, retractable, cabinet stairs. They are temporary and are made mainly of iron.

Video

Watch a YouTube video on how to make a ladder with your own hands.

To date, the construction of a private house is not limited to one floor, so it is necessary to make a staircase to the second floor in order to be able to get convenient access. It is quite possible to build a staircase from various materials on your own, the most important thing is to carefully carry out all the required calculations, since otherwise this design can become dangerous and unreliable.

The construction of an internal staircase in a private country house is a rather difficult process, but quite doable.

When building stairs, you must:

Take into account the interior of the house;
Make all required calculations;
Choose a design that will fit in all respects.

To easily choose the most acceptable option, you should first schematically draw a staircase that should be in the house or find a ready-made version that is most suitable for all requests and already adapted to your needs. Before choosing a staircase model for a private house, it is important to correctly calculate all available design parameters. Many people wonder what is the best ladder to make.

Most often in a residential building stairs are made of materials such as:

Wood;
Concrete;
Metal.

According to its configuration, the staircase can be straight, spiral or rotary. In addition, there are also combined options. Concrete products are considered the most durable and durable, however, it takes quite a lot of time to prepare a solid foundation and manufacture a structure. A metal structure can be made quite simply, you only need to know the rules for working with welding, and a wooden staircase can be made very easily by yourself, the most important thing is to read the step-by-step instructions for its manufacture.

The easiest way to make a straight flight staircase, as it has a small amount of detail and takes up very little space. Screw structures are characterized by the fact that they need a small area, they look very elegant, however, they are not always easy to use.

A staircase of several spans is considered a rather complex structure, which is problematic to build. This design is perfect for a house where there is a significant distance between floors.

Instructions for making a simple wooden staircase

The simplest device is considered to be a simple single-flight staircase.

It consists of:

Kosourov;
railing;
Tread;
Riser.

To calculate the height, you need to take the distance between the floors and add the thickness of the floors. In order to quickly calculate what the length of the span and base should be, it is initially worth deciding on the parameters of the steps. If small children live in the house, the optimal step height will be 15 centimeters, and in all other cases it should be equal to 20 centimeters. It is not worth making the risers higher, as the rise will be less comfortable.

The optimal width of the steps should be 20-30 centimeters, since if they are wider, the whole structure will take up much more space, which may not be very convenient.

There is a step-by-step instruction for the manufacture of stairs, which must be followed, as this will allow you to perform a fairly high-quality and durable construction. For the manufacture of stairs, it is necessary to select durable and strong wood, since all elements of the stairs must withstand not only the total weight of the structure, but also people. It is necessary to cut out a template from durable cardboard that will meet all the parameters of the future staircase, and then use this template to make wooden elements for the stairs. Then it is necessary to collect all the elements of the stairs and treat them with antiseptic solutions, cover them with paint or varnish.

How to make a staircase quickly and easily out of concrete

If the house has concrete floors on the second floor, then you can equip a simple concrete staircase that will be durable and, if properly processed, will look very beautiful. You can make a completely concrete staircase in the house, or pour only the kosour with concrete, and make everything else from other materials.

For the production of such a ladder you will need:

Waterproof plywood;
Durable beam;
fittings;
self-tapping screws;
Concrete solution.

The construction of a concrete staircase requires special attention, so everything must be carefully calculated, since the foundation must be very strong. You need to start with the assembly of the formwork, which must be done according to all the available drawings and taking into account that there should be absolutely no gaps.

The finished formwork must be placed between floors and secured with wooden beams. After that, it is necessary to lay reinforcement inside the frame and pour the prepared base with concrete mortar.

It is necessary to fill the frame with mortar immediately, otherwise the solidity of the finished structure may be violated. When the concrete hardens well enough, the formwork can be removed and the steps periodically watered to avoid cracking the concrete. The design must dry thoroughly and then you can proceed to finish the stairs. You can decorate the finished structure with a variety of materials, in particular, you can use wood, stone, tile and many other materials.

Quick and easy: building a staircase in a private country house made of metal

Home-made ones look quite interesting and original, however, for their manufacture it is necessary to make a little effort and take into account all the features of working with this material. To put a ladder made of metal, you must first prepare some materials and tools.

In particular:

Steel channel;
metal corners;
Welding machine;
Sheet metal;
File.

Forged stairs have excellent aesthetic and operational properties. Read more about forged stairs in the material on our website:.

It is necessary to start building a staircase with the fact that the channel is cut into pieces and a frame is assembled from them. Weld the corners to the side faces of the frame at regular intervals, which will be equal to the height of the steps. All corners must be strictly parallel to one another. The upper ends of the frame are firmly fixed and attached to the ceiling of the upper floor, and the lower ends are fixed to the floor. Then the steps made of sheet iron are welded, as well as the railing. At the final stage, the finished structure is treated with special anti-corrosion mixtures. In order not to redo the structure, it is necessary to carry out all stages consistently and strictly observe all the rules for its construction.

Tips on how to make the stairs yourself in a private country house: building a screw type

The spiral staircase looks quite interesting and original, which takes up very little free space. This is a compact design that can be placed even in a small area. The spiral staircase can go from the ground floor or from the garage, which is very convenient. The most famous and common method of mounting spiral staircases is step-by-step stringing steps onto a central base. Steps can be triangular or trapezoidal.

To build a spiral staircase you need to take:

steel pipe;
Wooden slats;
Welding machine;
Corners for steps;
File;
Primer.

The pipe will act as a central post, so its length must fully correspond to the available distance between the floors. For greater stability, it is necessary to concrete the pipe near the base. For the manufacture of steps, it is necessary to use templates made of wooden slats. They must be glued in such a way that they form steps with the specified parameters. Each step must be attached to its own pre-prepared cylinder, carefully sanded, primed and painted.

If necessary, and for greater convenience, the spiral staircase can be converted to a straight structure. Before mounting the permanent staircase, a temporary structure is installed.

What types of construction can be

If you firmly decided, we make a staircase in a private country house, it is worth initially determining what design should be.

In particular, it is quite possible to distinguish such types of structures as:

On stringers;
On the pains;
Screw.

The most popular are the stairs on the kosoura, as they are suitable for rooms of various sizes and stylistic solutions. Such a device is very durable and guarantees safety during its operation. Many people prefer to make a staircase on the bolts, the peculiarity of which is that all structural elements are fastened together with the help of special bolts and pins. If necessary, you can very easily repair it and completely disassemble it.

Do-it-yourself staircase to the second floor (video)

It is quite possible to make a staircase in a private country house on your own, the most important thing is to clearly follow all the rules and requirements.

In detail: do-it-yourself stairs to the second floor (photo examples)

An interfloor staircase is an important part of a private house. It should be comfortable for adults and children. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of lifting large items along it. The most popular materials for making stairs inside the house are wood and metal. In the article, we will consider how to make a staircase to the second floor in a private house with our own hands.

Requirements for interfloor stairs

For comfortable and safe operation of the stairs inside the house, it must meet a number of requirements:

high-quality lighting of all spans;
the width of the flight of stairs must be at least 80 cm;
a staircase with 3 or more steps is equipped with a railing, the height of which is not less than 90 cm;
the slope of the stairs is also regulated, the degree of rise is 38-45 °. The ascent to the attic or attic is allowed to be equipped with a staircase with a degree of inclination of 65-74 °;
for the convenience of lifting the number of steps in the span, it is desirable to make an odd number.

Tip: before you make a staircase to the second floor in a wooden house, you need to calculate the bearing capacity of the interfloor ceilings. Most often, light metal or completely wooden structures are installed.

Wooden staircase. Material Features

The leader in popularity for the manufacture of interfloor stairs in country houses and multi-level apartments is wood. It has been used for many centuries. But in order for the product to be durable, it is important to observe a number of nuances.

Wood has a beautiful appearance and does not require expensive finishing. Depending on the type of wood, it has a different pattern and natural shade. All this can be beaten and preserved by covering the material with a transparent varnish. Thanks to the ability to artistically process wood, real masterpieces are created from it in the form of carved balusters and other decorative elements. In addition, a wooden staircase creates additional comfort in the room and is indispensable for design solutions in country style.

A wooden interfloor staircase is especially preferable if the floor is made of logs. The low weight of the structure in this case is an important argument. In addition, no equipment (crane, automixer) is required to mount it. But it is worth considering the specific gravity of different types of wood, so the weight of the oak structure is almost similar to that of a metal one of the same size.
It can be installed even if the finishing repairs in the flight of stairs are completed. Since there is no dirty work that is inevitable when welding a metal staircase or pouring concrete steps.
Relatively low price compared to others. Wood is optimal with a combination of price and quality. The cheapest will be from pine, but it can release resin. Of the budget options, it is better to give preference to birch.

The choice of wood for interfloor stairs

Premium wooden stairs have a higher price. This is the staircase that becomes the central decorative element of the house. For its manufacture, only expensive and especially beautiful wood is used, such as oak, ash or beech. It is performed in carved technique, supplying the design with a large number of decorative elements.
In the ranking of beautiful and durable, beech and oak share the first place. But in terms of the beauty of the pattern, ash is superior to them, while not inferior in density.

In a cheaper price category are larch, birch and pine. They have lower strength characteristics. But the main argument for choosing them is the lower, and as a result, affordable price for most home owners.
Pine is the softest wood, so it is more often used for temporary stairs. But beautiful balusters are made from it, which will decorate the structure for many years. But to create steps and a frame, you should choose a birch.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor

Materials and tools for wooden stairs

It is best to buy ready-made steps, but if there is no possibility, then a beam with a cross section of 40 mm is purchased for their manufacture;
a board with a thickness of 40 mm in an amount equal to the calculated one for the project;
beams 30 mm thick for treads;
beams 25-30 mm for risers;
bar for bowstrings and stringers 50x250 mm;
balusters and handrails;
wood screws;
jigsaw;
screwdriver;
chisel, hammer;
level, plumb, square, tape measure, pencil;
sanding paper, brushes and finishing material.

Calculation of interfloor stairs

First you need to decide on the angle of inclination. As stated above, the preferred angle of inclination is approximately 40°. But most often the calculation has to be made from the already existing dimensions allocated for the flight of stairs and the height of the ceiling.
The minimum width of the flight of stairs is 80 cm, but 125-150 cm is considered convenient.
Now there are many online calculators for calculating stairs. There it is enough to score the desired ceiling height and the desired height of the steps (15-20 cm). And the program will produce a 3D model with all dimensions.

The design of the stairs to the second floor of wood photo

How to make a straight staircase to the second floor

Consider the example of building a simple straight staircase without winders and platforms.

Installation of stringers. They take a beam, measure the total length and cut it off. You also need to immediately cut off another width of the tread (the thickness of the step itself, usually 4 cm). In the general calculation, the width of the steps was not initially taken into account, and if in the future this does not play any role, then for the first step this is an important point.
Cutting openings for steps in the stringer. This is done with a square. It marks the height of the riser and the width of the step. The marks are transferred to the kosour and cut out with a jigsaw. The saw cuts are ground or milled, rounding the edges. Then the stringers are put in a permanent place, fastening to the floor from below, and from above to the opening in the ceiling with the help of anchors. Well, if the ladder will be attached to the wall along the entire length.
Setting the bowstring. Bowstrings are measured along the length of the stringers. Apply to the stringers and mark the attachment points of the steps. Deepenings are made under them in the titive.
Riser fixing. They are made from a beam of the appropriate width. It is sawn into separate elements, sanded and fastened to the kosour with self-tapping screws. So that the fasteners are not noticeable, you need to tighten them slightly deepening the hats in order to putty in the future.

Installation of steps. Beams or boards are laid on the risers, and after fastening they are polished. But there is a high risk that the tree will shrink, which will lead to cracks and creaking. Therefore, it is better to buy steps ready-made, made of glued wood.
Railing fastening. Then balusters or other railings to the steps are fixed to the studs. Handrails are placed and screwed on top.

Do-it-yourself installation of stairs to the second floor video

Finishing wooden stairs

Wood is a complete finishing material. Finishing work, often, comes down only to emphasizing the pattern and applying a protective layer.

If the material is damaged, cracked or chipped, they are puttied to match the color of the wood. After coating with tinted varnish or stain, these defects become invisible.

Stages of work

Upon completion of the assembly of the stairs, all wooden elements are sanded. Then wipe with a damp cloth to completely remove all dust.

In the presence of defects, they are immediately puttied and left for a day until the composition is completely hardened.
Then you can go in two ways: first, tint the stairs with a stain, and then apply a protective transparent varnish, or ask the store to tint the varnish. The second option is preferable, since the work will be faster, and the color will be the same on all elements.
The varnish for treads is chosen very wear-resistant - floor or deck. After applying 1 layer and its complete drying, the steps must be sanded with a fine-grained sandpaper. Then a second layer of varnish is applied.

Tip: it is rather difficult to apply tinted varnish evenly, even when using a brush with a very thin bristle, traces of strokes will be noticeable. It is recommended to use a spray gun.

Metal interfloor staircase

To make a ladder out of metal, you need to have welding skills. In addition, this design is more complex and expensive to implement. But it has a number of significant advantages over a wooden counterpart:

high strength and longer service life;
technical characteristics provide resistance to heavy loads;
reliability of connection points;
the ability to create various designs;
allows you to stretch the installation process. So, during repair work, in order not to pollute the steps, you can only climb the frame. And after finishing, install the steps;
the metal frame of the stairs will guarantee that over time there will be no creaking.

Types of metal interfloor stairs

The appearance of the stairs depends only on the imagination and interior design, in which it must harmoniously fit. But its design depends on the location.

Installation location. Inside the house, it is convenient to use the stairs all year round and it becomes a decorative element. The outdoor location allows you to save living space, often they are placed to climb from the balcony to the attic floor.
Manufacturing methods. Most often, welded stairs are made. They are easiest to do with your own hands right on the spot. Forged designs are more elegant, but are made in workshops in advance.
Finishing. In unfinished stairs, it is provided that the frame will be visible, which means that it must be made very high quality from an aesthetic point of view. With finishing, the flights of stairs are closed completely from all sides, it is not uncommon for them to equip a room with a door for storing things or products under it.

By build type. Whole, they are sold in ready-made sections and assembled on site. In this case, its exact dimensions must be known at the design stage of the house. Prefabricated ones consist of a large number of parts and connecting elements, which allows you to create a structure of the desired height.
Design difference. Marching, this is either a staircase with a platform for turning, or with winder steps. Spiral staircases are the most compact, as the march is located around one central pillar-support.

Do-it-yourself metal interfloor staircase

Before you assemble the stairs to the second floor, you need to prepare all the necessary tools and materials:

welding machine;
grinder, drill;
square, level;
electrodes, metal screws, cutting and cleaning discs for grinders;
channel, metal pipe;
metal corner;
sheet metal.

Tip: the quantity and characteristics of the material depend on the type of staircase, the number of steps and the finish. So, stone is much heavier than wood, and when finishing with it, the frame of the stairs should be more durable than when facing with wood.

Theoretically, the stairs can be made in two ways: welded in advance and installed in the finished form on site or made in stages directly in the installation area. The second option is preferable, as it allows, if necessary, to make its own adjustments.

Stages of work

First, they are determined with the type of frame. If winders are present, what will be their location (90° turn or 180° turn).
Using the program and known dimensions, a sketch is created. This stage is recommended to be entrusted to a professional designer.
In accordance with the project, the right amount of metal is bought, if necessary, it is immediately cleaned with a grinder from scale and rust. Drawings of elements are transferred to it and sawn. At this stage, it is important to mark all parts of the structure.
If there is a platform, then its frame is first made and installed in the flight of stairs. Further from the floor to it, beams are mounted that act as stringers.

Further, the required number of identical fillies are immediately produced - these are triangular elements that will serve as a support for future steps. They are welded along the entire length of the stringer. It is very important to place them correctly, so at first it is enough just to grab them pointwise in a couple of places, check the evenness with a square, and only after that make a quality seam. They can also be welded to the frame, or fastened with bolts. The work is done from the bottom up, setting the lower fillies, they put a board on them and stand on it, and so they gradually move up to the top.
If you need to achieve greater rigidity of the steps, then a steel corner is welded between the fillies, which also acts as a support for the step.
Then comes metal processing. All seams are cleaned, then treated with acetone, a rust preventative and primed. After that, it is painted.
Attach the steps to the bolts from below. After that, railings and decorative elements are installed.

Scheme of stairs to the second floor in a private

Finishing metal stairs

Tiled metal stairs:

Start laying tiles from the bottom up. First, it is attached to the riser between the floor and the first tread. Then the tile is laid across the width of the entire first step, and only then the next step is attached. This method allows the most rational application of glue and the absence of sawn edges of the tile;
since the metal staircase will vibrate when walking on it, the tile adhesive must be special, high strength;
in one stage to complete the entire cladding will not work. Since on the edge you will have to leave a place for walking until the tile adhesive is completely seized in the remaining areas.

Wood cladding for metal stairs:

fastening a wooden tread to a metal step from below would be the best option, since the place of fixation will not be noticeable. To do this, the metal step is pre-drilled in 8 places (4 on each side of the center, at a distance of 25 cm from each other). A wooden step is placed on top and from below, through the holes, it is attached with self-tapping screws;
if it is impossible to fasten from below, you will have to drill a wooden step from above through and through along with the metal. To do this, it should be firmly fixed to the metal platform. To hide the heads of the self-tapping screws, a 5 mm deepening is drilled from above with a larger diameter drill. The tread is fastened with metal screws, and the cap is puttied. Or use special wooden lining.

Interfloor concrete stairs

Concrete stairs are very heavy and can only be built in houses with reinforced concrete floors.
They are built immediately after the box of the house with the roof is ready.
Once the solution has set, it can be used.
Over time, concrete stairs will not begin to creak like wood, and when stepped on, vibrations will not form like iron ones.
Due to their solidity, such stairs are considered safer, and if the cladding is damaged, it can be easily repaired.
But it will not work out of concrete to make a staircase in a small opening.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make an interfloor staircase out of concrete

When all calculations are made, according to the project, the formwork of the entire flight of stairs is made. It is made from a board with a thickness of 20-30 mm.
Reinforcement is laid inside the future steps. It can be connected from a metal or fiberglass rod.
The lower stage is poured first. While the solution is soft, it is pierced with a metal trowel to remove air bubbles and compact as much as possible.

After that, the filled step is covered with a film and a board longer than the steps is placed on top so that it rests on the formwork, and it can be stepped on to fill the next step. Thus, the entire staircase is erected.

Finishing concrete stairs

After parsing the formwork, the staircase has a massive and unennobled appearance. Finishing will require careful not only all elements (steps, risers), but also all junctions with the walls.
The choice of material depends on the configuration of the stairs. If it is straight, then there will be no problems, but if there are winder and rotary steps, the facing material should be easily cut.
Also, the coating of the treads themselves must be non-slip and resistant to mechanical stress.
Recently, it has become popular to finish flights of stairs with the same material that was used on the floors of both floors.
The degree of noise is also important. If wooden or carpeted steps almost completely absorb the noise of steps, then stone or finished tiles, on the contrary, can enhance it.

Using roll material, it is worth gluing it very carefully. If even a small fragment of it moves away, it can cause a fall. Most often, this is a carpet with a high degree of abrasion resistance (woolen carpets for stairs will not work). It is allowed to line the steps with cork, but not rolled, but with a greater thickness in mats.

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The modern development of the construction of private houses is increasingly resorting to the construction of two or three-story houses. Therefore, the construction in a private house is an important point. Of course, you can turn to specialists in its construction, but we recommend building it yourself.

Staircase to the second floor in a private house

The staircase, as a complex building element, has its own characteristics and mandatory constituent elements. Consider the composition of the stairs to the second floor of a private house:

The balustrade is the railing of the stairs.
Balusters - fence posts in the form of small columns, the child's head should not pass between them, so the maximum distance does not exceed 15 cm.
Railings - railings.
Pillars - supports for beams and ceilings.
Bolts - metal bolts that are needed as fastening steps to the walls.
March - rise from the steps. For him, the slope is important, since the safety of the stairs depends on it.
A bowstring is a supporting column for holding the stairs in a given position and adjusting its load. Depending on the use of the bowstring, a bowstring ladder or a stringer ladder is distinguished. The bowstring uses grooves, and the stringer uses a special form for laying steps.
Riser - the vertical part of the step for support.
Transitional platform between marches.
The step itself, consisting of a tread and a riser.

Stairs to the second floor in a private house are most often made of wood, as it is an environmentally friendly material that looks stylish and attractive.

Video: beautiful stairs to the second floor

Features of different types of stairs

Wooden stairs to the second floor of a private house can be of two main types. Let's explore each of them below.

Spiral stairs

This type is usually chosen when the space for its installation is limited or small. The minimum size of the site for it may be limited to one and a half meters. There are limitations for this option - several people cannot use it at the same time - only one, and it also makes it difficult to lift bulky and voluminous objects along it.

It is also characterized by increased complexity of installation, and therefore does not have great popularity for collecting it on its own. It is important for her to calculate the reliability of the bearing and support racks, and it is also important to observe the strength of the structure.

Marching stairs

Another thing is mid-flight stairs, which are considered the most commonly used in private homes. They come with 1 march, as well as 2, 3 or more - the number of marches depends on the needs of the owner of the house and the availability of free space.

In addition to dividing by the number of marches, such stairs are divided into straight and rotary, and by location they are divided into wall or independent. The latter often rest in the center of the room and can only be allowed to owners with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house.

It is easy to assemble a marching staircase on your own, and experts give useful advice on dividing marches with more than a dozen steps. You can separate the steps with a special platform, which can change their further direction, while in this case special rotary steps are used, which have a different name for trapezoidal or running ones.

Stairs with a turn also differ in direction. So, if it turns at a right angle, then it is called a quarter-turn, and when it turns around its axis, it is called a half-turn. A spiral staircase turns into a full circle, which can no longer be considered a marching staircase.

An intermediate version of a circular and mid-flight staircase is considered a combined type. This is the most difficult type of stairs, as it requires a lot of calculations and complex elements. It is extremely rare to find her.

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Technical requirements for the design and correct calculation of parameters

The dimensions of the stairs to the second floor of a private house are calculated based on the availability of free space in the house. Assess your strengths and capabilities, whether you can assemble one or another complex type of structure without proper skill and experience. It is better to choose a simple ladder than to rebuild it several times. In addition, complex stairs require a large budget.

To correctly assemble the stairs yourself, use the following helpful tips:

A drawing with measurements will help you determine the location of the stairs and its best option.

A comfortable and safe staircase is paramount, so check out the optimal parameters for tilt, turn and step size.

Steps should not be less than 20 cm wide - such minimum dimensions ensure the convenience of walking along it.

The angle of elevation is a maximum of 45 degrees, otherwise it will be inconvenient.
Consider the degree of stress and choose the right material. For a residential building, a non-slip coating with a load of up to 350 kg per square meter is suitable.

If there are children in the house, make the stairs as secure as possible - watch the distance between the beams and increase the level of the fence.
The optimal span width is 1 meter plus or minus 12 cm.
To calculate, use the method of substituting the stairs of a right-angled triangle with the parameters you are interested in. The leg of the floor will need to be divided by 20 cm (minimum step width) and thus the number of steps will be obtained. The height of the step is calculated by the formula for the height of the rise divided by 10-12 cm. You can determine the width yourself.

For the manufacture of stairs, you will need some useful tips:

It is not necessary to draw a drawing yourself, you can find ready-made ones on the Internet and adapt them for yourself or take a ready-made one.

If you make the details yourself, then use only quality wood, dry. Parts must be perfectly polished and exactly match the parameters of the drawing or finished patterns.