This article is an overview of the most popular species stairs, and also contains practical advice how to make and calculate stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands. Scheme, calculations, dimensions, as well as drawings are attached. At the end of each chapter there is a video with a visual display of the construction process.
For ease of reading, the article is divided into several chapters:
- the first chapter contains general recommendations;
- the second chapter presents methods for creating a spiral staircase project that can be applied at work;
- the third, fourth and fifth chapters have examples on creating conventional structures from wood, concrete and metal;
- the latter offers 10 designs and answers the question about the optimal width.
For convenience, the article has a navigation bar with which you can go to any item and start reading from the desired chapter.
An example of a metal staircase project
How to calculate the stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands correctly - general recommendations
The staircase is used for comfortable movement between floors. As a rule, this design is used daily - two-storey houses most often built with the location of bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. From this you can get the two most important rules when designing a structure - safety and convenience.
Above the racks Important: Stairs are a source of increased trauma for people of all ages. A fall can have an extremely negative impact on human health, therefore, it should be made as safe as possible. To do this, there are several ways that allow you to completely minimize the risks.
First of all, it is necessary to make steps of optimal height and width. It’s easy to stumble on too high steps, and it’s extremely difficult to walk along narrow ones, so you can easily slip. It is necessary to take this into account when designing, laying the size in advance in the project.
In the big house The most optimal step height can be considered 150-200mm. This is enough to take a confident step, without fear of stumbling or incorrectly bringing your foot up. The depth, or width, must be at least 200mm - this requirement is easy to obtain from the average length of a person's leg.
In addition, each staircase needs a railing. They allow you to move with greater comfort and safety - the risk of falling is significantly reduced.
Important: The material must not be slippery. It is better not to make a ladder out of tiles or lacquered wood- they have smooth surface, which is very inconvenient for movement. If a tree is still used, it is not superfluous to process sandpaper or upholstery steps carpet.
Above the sofa Convenience often depends on safety. If the steps are safe, then, at the same time, they will be comfortable. Of course, sometimes for the sake of convenience, you can deviate somewhat from standard sizes- if only a large person will use them, you can make the height of the steps more than 200mm.
Ladder slope versus usability graph How to make a screw structure yourself
The spiral staircase has its own special appearance, due to which it becomes possible to create a completely different design. In addition, the screw design saves a lot of space on both floors, making the room more ergonomic.
screw Calculation of the spiral staircase to the second floor
In the case of creating a spiral staircase to the second floor, the calculation must begin with the number of steps and the height of their location. Based on what was said in the last chapter, the optimal height between the steps is 200mm, and the depth is 200-300mm. But it must be taken into account that the steps of spiral staircases have the form of expanding cones, therefore, their depth must be calculated in a special way.
With center pillar For calculation it is better to use mathematical formulas. First, you need to know the circumference of the structure. It is most convenient to do this using the formula 2 * 3.14 * r, where r is the span width. For example, with a span width of 1000mm, the circumference will be 6280mm. To get the step width from outside, it is enough to divide this distance by the number of steps in one span. For example, with 10 steps, the distance will be 628mm, which will allow you to create a flat staircase without voids.
Screw model calculation scheme The height of the structure is determined by the height of the room, just like when creating a regular staircase. The height between the steps should be equal to the optimum - for example, usually 150-250mm is enough. Optimal Height it is better to calculate from the height of the room. For example, for the height of the ceilings in the room - 2700mm. The steps will be 20mm thick, the ceiling thickness will be 150mm.
Advice: Calculations must start from the floor - the floor is the zero step. First you need to sum up the height of the room and the ceiling, since it is at this distance that the stairs should go. AT this case it equals 2850mm. To get the number of steps, it is necessary to divide it by the appropriate height of one step with its height - for example, 220mm. The result, rounded off, is 13 steps. The last, 13th step, in this case, will be the floor of the second floor.
Graphic construction and dimensions On the this stage It is best to create a project on paper. It is not necessary to make it as accurate as possible in terms of drawing, but even a simple sketch will help to better understand the project.
Dimensions of spiral staircases to the second floor
When calculating the size, it is necessary to build on the most comfortable width of the stairs in 800-1000mm. This is enough to pass even with a large load on your hands, while not restricting your movements (unfortunately, large-sized furniture will still have to be lifted through the windows).
Screw model project A spiral staircase is a circle, therefore the diameter is equal to the addition of the width of the passages and, if the staircase is built with a central support, the size of the support. Average diameter similar design equals 1600-2000mm, which is enough for its convenient use, regardless of the features. More details in the table below
Advice: Very often the size of the stairs depends on the height of the ceiling. For a small country house, it makes no sense to make a very wide staircase - 700mm will be enough to go to the second floor. For the attic, exactly the same rule is followed.
Video spiral staircase project
This video shows how to make stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands (diagram and dimensions of the project are attached). The main points of installation are shown, as well as all the features of working with this type of structure.
Do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor
An ordinary staircase can be built according to similar calculations and methods. A wooden staircase to the second floor in a private house with their own hands is made much simpler than a spiral one, but it takes relatively more space. Next, consider the main points of the calculation and video instructions.
from wood Calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor
In this case, it is necessary to build on the same average values - with a depth of 200-250mm and a height of 200-250mm. The distance must be divided in the same way - by calculating from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor.
Calculation example The calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor must take into account the length - it is the addition of the depth of all steps. The more there are, the longer the length itself will be. For an ordinary staircase in a room, on average, 10-12 steps are enough, which in total will be equal to 2000-2500mm with a depth of 200mm and 2500-3000mm with a depth of 250mm.
Stair design with 90 degree turn Advice: The width of such a design should be on average 800-1000mm. This size should provide complete freedom of action. Therefore, if railings are planned, then for them there should be extra bed on the steps.
The opening above the structure should begin from the place where less than 2000-2200mm remains from the step to the ceiling - this is enough for any person of height. Do not make the opening too short - savings in this case can result in inconvenience and additional labor costs.
Notation If you plan to create a turn, then you need to calculate it with the same conditions - the only change is the width of the step - steps in the turn area are calculated similarly to screw ones, but they can be done with emphasis on the wall.
Video instruction
This video is an instruction for the design and installation of a wooden staircase with a 90 degree turn.
Do-it-yourself concrete staircase to the second floor - video instruction
Concrete is excellent material for stairs - it is very durable and allows you to work with any volume. Often, for such a design, it is enough just to assemble the frame and fill it.
Formwork for concrete structure Important: It should be noted that the creation of a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands requires very big investments- a completely cast structure takes a huge amount of concrete. Most likely you will have to order a full-fledged concrete mixer - the usual manual method the process will take a very long time.
Cast construction To facilitate this process, the span should be additionally strengthened with different blocks. A good idea is to create a frame from foam blocks, on which the formwork is subsequently laid. This allows you to get extra space under construction and use it for household needs.
The video below shows the process of assembling the formwork and pouring it, showing the main points of work.
Do-it-yourself metal staircase to the second floor - calculation and video instruction
Metal is an extremely ductile and at the same time durable material. Do-it-yourself metal staircase to the second floor, unfortunately, is not the most comfortable - it is quite difficult to heat it, but the strength will be very high. In addition, a metal staircase takes up little space - this is true for houses with a small total area.
Iron construction The peculiarities of the calculation in this case include the fact that the metal step takes up very little space. Usually its size is 5-10mm, and with the entire height of the structure, their total volume rarely exceeds 90-100mm.
The calculations are no different from ordinary stairs, but with the difference that it is necessary to take into account the resistance of materials. For the construction, we recommend using metal pipes with a wall thickness of at least 8 mm, and for steps - fittings no thinner than 7 mm. At the same time, with wide steps, thickened options should be used that will not bend under the weight of a person.
Do-it-yourself single-march iron staircase to the second floor Advice: If the design is created from square profiles, it is worth choosing them with a cross section of at least 5 mm - square profiles are much more stable than round ones due to hard edges. You can work with metal both by welding and fasteners.
The video below shows an example of creating a metal ladder construction, which is subsequently sheathed with drywall. It shows the main points of the work.
What should be the width of the stairs to the second floor in a private house - the correct dimensions?
This question is purely personal. Despite optimal width span of 800-1000mm, this value can vary greatly depending on the personal preferences of the person. It should be borne in mind that the wider the opening, the more resources will be required.
Width examples different types stairs It is worth separately setting a minimum border of 500mm - a narrower design will be completely inconvenient to use, and it will be quite problematic to move some things or furniture along it. The maximum limit depends solely on the room, but still, you should not make the width more than 2000-2500mm, especially in cases where the staircase is not the main one in the hall.
Do-it-yourself stairs to the second floor in a private house - diagram and drawing of 10 projects
Scheme of stairs with straight marches 
Angled 90 degrees 
Drawing of a U-shaped staircase with a turntable 
Plan wooden model
Detail drawing
Calculation 
simple staircase
Rotated 180 degrees 
Project of a straight marching staircase 
Direct two-march The ascent to the second floor in a private house can be done without problems with your own hands, having minimal skills in construction. The main thing is that it is reliable, safe and beautiful. Next, it will be considered in detail what the stairs to the second floor in wooden house, options for their construction and design.
Requirements
First, it is worth describing in more detail the requirements that stairs in a wooden house should have. Since most of these projects are individual, there are no specific regulated technical standards. Some parameters are recommended for any wooden building.
The width of the stairs must be at least 90 cm, this will ensure not only ease of climbing, but also safety, including fire fighting - for quick evacuation. The slope usually does not exceed 40 degrees, a steeper one will become uncomfortable and dangerous, and with a less steep slope, the whole structure becomes more cumbersome and takes up more free space. Railings are best done 80-90 cm high.
The height of the steps in such a staircase should be 15–18 cm, so if you slip, there will be no chance of your foot falling into the opening between the balusters, even if the steps are solid, then great value will give an uncomfortable lift. And if there are children in the house, then it is better to make a vertical distance of 7–10 cm. The number of steps per march is usually 8–15, the entire staircase will have 20–30 steps.
Structural strength is the main requirement, the ladder must withstand at least 200 kg. To do this, you need to use reliable fastenings of the frame, steps and railings, strong supports, high-quality material. If it is made of wood, then polished bars with a thickness of at least 20 mm should be taken - for steps, for the frame and supports - at least 60 mm, metal stairs must be securely welded at the joints.
All steps of a wooden staircase must be the same in length, width and height. The material must be polished and treated with varnish, so that it is smooth, does not have splinters and cracks. Great look and original design can also be attributed to the desired requirements of such a design. Usually stairs to the second floor in a wooden house are installed in the hallway or hall.
Types of structures
By design, such stairs can be divided into the following types.
- screw- are the most compact and often the cheapest, as they require a minimum of material and simpler installation work. You can install them even in a tiny country house, but they always look very original. But the disadvantage is the inconvenience of lifting, and if there are children and the elderly in the house spiral staircases can also lead to injury.
- Marching straight lines- the most traditional version of the stairs to the second floor. When properly installed, they are comfortable, safe, and look great. The main disadvantage is large space who occupy the room marching stairs.
- Turning stairs at the same time convenient and take up less useful space in a wooden house. The marches in them are usually located at an angle of 90 degrees and are adjacent to the adjacent walls of the room. Such designs also add originality to the interior of the building.
Execution materials
Materials for stairs to the second floor differ in cost and complexity of installation work. But to decide what to build future design, it is necessary to consider the properties of each in more detail. Wood is the traditional and most popular material for the manufacture of stairs in a private house, which it confidently remains today.
This is due to a number of its advantages:
- it is cheap and easy to process;
- wood parts are easy to attach to each other;
- it is a natural and environmentally friendly material without harmful impurities;
- a wooden staircase always has an attractive and cozy look;
- if necessary, wooden structures are easy to dismantle.
From wood, you can build a staircase to the second floor in almost any style: rural, classic, high-tech or modern, the main thing is to choose correct forms and coloration. Most often, marching straight and turning stairs for 2 spans are made of wood. Steps and railings are attached to nails or wood screws; to save money, often one of the supporting supports of the structure is a wall wooden house.
For the most elite and beautiful stairs choose such varieties of wood as oak, beech, ash, cedar. They have noble shades with pronounced textures and excellent durability. More budget wood materials are pine and birch. At proper processing seasoned and dry wood has excellent physical properties and durability.
Metal stairs are more durable and can last a long time. Aluminum alloys are most commonly used, copper and cast iron are also popular. The disadvantage is the complexity of installation, for strength, welding of the frame, steps and railings is usually required. An excellent option for a wooden house are all-metal stairs. The screw type of various metals is the most popular.
You can build in a wooden house and stairs made of natural or artificial stone. The cost will be high, but the view of such lifts to the second floor is very impressive. Their advantage is ecological cleanliness, long service life.
How to do?
Before you build a lift to the second floor with your own hands, you need to decide on the choice of location, type of construction and materials of manufacture. In this case, it is worth considering where the hatch or door to the upper room will be located in order to connect the upper span with it. In order to correctly determine the amount of raw materials and fasteners in advance, it is worth creating a sketch that indicates the width and height of steps and spans, supporting elements, attachment points to the wall and floor, and the dimensions of the railing.
For the construction, it is necessary to prepare in advance the site where the structure will be mounted, as well as the adjacent walls. To prepare the material, installation and finishing, you will need: a hacksaw, a pencil, a ruler and a tape measure, a drill, a screwdriver, a square, building level, hammer and brush.
To build a turning staircase with two flights of wood, you will need 8 steps with a width of 250 mm, a step height of 200 mm, a span of 900 mm and a platform of 900x900 mm. The railing can be of the simplest design, the main thing is that the distance between adjacent vertical posts is at least 400 mm. The installation begins with sawing the polished beams, for the frame it is good to choose them with a section size of 60 by 120 mm. The installation of the platform on vertical supports takes place in the corner of the room, then the bowstring of the lower march is made - inclined boards on which steps and railings will be attached. Fastening to the ceiling, that is existing wall wooden house is carried out on metal screws, self-tapping screws for wood with a length of at least 60 cm.
When the platform on vertical racks and the bowstring are fixed, then the finished steps are placed and attached to the cutouts of the latter. After that, a railing is mounted to the lower span. Then, in the same way, proceed to the installation of the second march. His bowstring is already attached to the ceiling and the second adjacent wall. The second span turns out to be longer; for reliability, somewhere in the middle of it, it is worth installing an additional support beam.
Such a ladder is easy to install and convenient, but on a smoothly polished and varnished surface, the steps often slip. To avoid this, you can fix rough notches made of metal or other material on the stairs. After the design with the railing is ready, it is worth taking care of building a damper or an opening hatch to the second floor.
It is also easy to make a spiral staircase, which, with a floor height of 2.4–2.7 m, will require 12–15 steps. Its main forming element is the central vertical support, around which steps will rise in a spiral, they, unlike straight stairs, have the shape of a trapezoid. There are a huge number of design and material options, including from natural wood.
Making marches
Painting stairs made of wood can be made from any transparent quick-drying varnish. It is best to choose odorless varieties for internal works. These may be alkyd varnishes, which have a relatively low cost, alcohol with good strength and moisture protection, environmentally friendly acrylic or polyurethane with high wear resistance.
Wooden stairs can be painted in any opaque color. At the same time, the pleasant texture and shade of natural wood are lost, but this way you can achieve, for example, the maximum combination with the rest of the interior or create a certain style. So that after painting there is no pungent smell in the room, you should choose resistant and high-quality acrylic, alkyd, emulsion paints.
Whatever the varnish, it should be carefully applied with a new brush with soft bristles. It cleans up after use. Even finishing material odorless, it is better not to be inside the work area for a couple of hours and check the house.
Style and design may vary depending on the preferences of the owners. Most popular for small wooden houses rural style or country. It is based on maximum naturalness and simplicity. Therefore, it is worth choosing simple straight forms of steps and railings, using natural wood bars covered with transparent varnish. You can not treat the surface of the boards with decorative coloring agents at all, but only polish them as much as possible.
Classic style is typical for spacious rooms with chic interior. It is best to choose for him noble dark varieties wood. The railings of stairs in this style can have curved shapes, complex vertical racks of many elements, equipped with stucco molding. The main thing is not to overdo it in the number of decorative details and harmoniously fit the stairs into the interior of a country house.
Current trends towards rational use territories, more than ever, encourage building houses not in “width”, but in “height”. This applies to private buildings, but even apartment residents are trying to organize a multi-level layout, thereby expanding the usable area. To combine the upper and lower spaces, it becomes necessary to build a staircase to the second floor, on the features of the choice of which we will dwell in more detail.
Varieties of stairs by design
When designing stairs, first of all, you will have to focus not on design, but on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in order to choose the perfect product in terms of design and size. There are two main types:
Marching stairs
A common version of ladders designed with regard to the biomechanics of movement and providing comfortable, safe movement. They consist of marches, numbering from 3 to 15 steps. If the maximum number is not enough, the height is divided into two openings, between which a small platform or winder steps are installed. Such structures are already called two-march.
Marching stairs vary in shape and are straight, turning (L-shaped or U-shaped) or curved. When determining this parameter, it is necessary to rely on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the height of the ceilings, and the location of the second floor.
Type load-bearing structure There are two types of marching products: on stringers and bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are laid on top of the beam, and in the second - with inside of the supporting element, special grooves are made.
You will also have to choose the type of steps. Parts with risers look more massive and fit perfectly into a classic interior, while those without risers are suitable for a modern home due to their lightweight design.
In general, mid-flight stairs are presented in a wide range and even for small sizes, you can choose a suitable copy or combine it with other items.
Spiral stairs
The principle of such structures is very simple: steps are attached to the installed rod, which spiral upwards. They do not take up extra space and are quite compact.
The main reason why spiral staircases are inferior to marching ones is the difficulty in moving due to the lack of a solid support. It is not recommended to install such an instance in a house where children or the elderly live. The following parameters are considered optimal: the central width of the steps should be at least 20 cm, and the widest part should not exceed 40 cm.
In other cases, spiral staircases can be considered an excellent option for both modern and classic styles. Thanks to their spiral shape, they become a key element of the interior, and products of different shapes will help to diversify the design - from square to octagonal.
Bolts stairs
Installing this type of ladder in the center of the room will not work - it is supported by bearing wall, to which the steps are attached with the help of bolts (bolts). Collected in one system, they form a single bearing element, giving designs lightweight, an almost weightless look, due to which it is often used in modern interiors.
Despite the visual fragility, the products are able to withstand from 500 to 1100 kg, depending on the material and manufacturer. In addition, the bolts allow you to adjust the height of the steps after installation.
Bolts with railings are popular, which take part of the load on themselves. You can experiment with the base, shape, and lighting to create a unique look for your home.
Choosing the material for the stairs
Stairs are made of different materials that give them certain aesthetic and practical properties.
wooden stairs
When imagining a staircase in a house, an image immediately arises of a solid wooden structure with curly railings and a beautiful deep texture. It can be luxurious wenge, oak or minimalist wood of simple species. Optimal options ash, walnut, beech are considered, but pine is not strong enough to withstand the required load. Lacquer coating protect against negative impact environment but it will need to be updated regularly.
Such material is suitable for any designs, but looks most organically as marching products. For country or american style such a solution is indispensable.
metal stairs
Metal structures will serve you for half a century, retaining their original, neat appearance. To do this, choose specimens made of stainless steel, which is not susceptible to corrosion, since chrome-plated or painted options have a limited service life - no more than 6-7 years.
The plasticity of the base allows you to give the stairs and its parts any shape. Metal is often combined with other materials such as wood, glass, concrete. It makes elegant forged handrails.
concrete stairs
Contrary to more natural materials, concrete does not have a lightness or refinement, in its pure form it is unlikely to fit into a classic interior, but instead gives a feeling of solidity and integrity.
Such structures are quite reliable, can withstand high loads and do not deteriorate over time. Unfortunately, they are difficult to install on their own, but the cheapness of raw materials covers this drawback.
An important advantage of concrete stairs is the possibility of decorating them: with stone, wood or even tiles. The unique rough texture will be invisible, but you will get an aesthetic design at an affordable cost.
stone stairs
Marble has an amazing deep texture, but as a stair covering, it wears out quickly after just a few years. Granite or quartzite have opposite properties. Also, much cheaper artificial counterparts do an excellent job with their role.
Stone stairs are often combined with metal handrails, and by adjusting the decor you can fit them into many styles.
glass stairs
If a design that does not require ten years of serviceable “service” comes first, glass structures have no competitors. Steps are made from this material, which are mounted on bolts or used on spiral staircases. Harmoniously acts in tandem with metal, which enhances the effect of gloss and gives reliability to such a fragile product.
Indeed, glass stairs can be damaged when strong blow, but even in its absence, noticeable scratches appear on the surface over time. For greater strength, it is better to take hardened or laminated varieties. Acrylic glass is considered the most reliable, but tends to darken over time.
Styles and design
Due to their shape, stairs often stand out among the interior ensemble, while remaining an organic part of it. To do this, when developing a design, it is necessary to focus on the basic style of the premises.
Stairs in modern style
Modern aesthetics loves laconicism and restraint, the use of practical materials, their combination to create a more sophisticated look. Preference is given to clean geometric shapes, lines, smooth surfaces.
The style works with the features of space, so the type of staircase design can be any, the main thing is that it looks good in the interior.
Stairs in a classic style
As mentioned above, the classics are characterized by the use of three materials: wood, metal and decorative stone, among which the first is clearly in the lead. Initially, you need to choose rooms with large area, because here even the staircase has a massive appearance.
Often these are marching products on stringers or bowstrings with closed risers, divided into several spans and fenced with strong railings, often with characteristic carvings.
Loft style stairs
Concrete stairs to the second floor harmoniously interact with the style of the loft, emphasizing its industrial character. However, other fundamentals will also be appropriate.
The ladder should have an extremely simple design, providing comfortable movement. Since the loft interior, according to the rules, is placed on large areas, you don’t have to worry about the size of the structure.
Stairs in the style of minimalism
It is desirable that stairs in the style of minimalism attract as little attention as possible. Ideally, they should fit into the total volume of the room, forming a single functional whole with it.
The means of expression are reduced to a minimum: the texture of the material, the smoothness of the lines, the natural color scheme. An excellent solution is the steps on the bolts.
Art Deco Stairs
Graceful and many-sided art deco strives to emphasize its "status" in all details - from the base of the stairs to the railing. The latter can repeat intricate, interlacing patterns inspired by floral designs.
Mid-flight stairs will look monumental and noble, spiral staircases, due to their spiral shape, in themselves correspond to the Art Deco style, but bolt fastenings will seem too simple.
Where to post: basic rules
Installing stairs to the second floor is a very individual process that depends on the size, layout and ceiling heights in your space.
The most popular place for stairs remains the hallway, especially in spacious mansions. Thus, upon entering the house, you immediately get access to all rooms without wandering through the corridors.
The second most popular place to place the lift is the living room. This is useful for buildings with a medium area, if the second floor leads to a private room, such as a bedroom. In the hall, combined with the kitchen, the stairs can be used for zoning.
To somehow compensate for the impressive size of the stairs, it can be combined with another functional subject, using empty space. This applies to marching structures located next to the wall. The construction of such products is more complicated, requires detailed measurements and careful planning, but the final result will make it possible to make the most of every square meter of the room.
The area under the stairs can serve as a frame for cabinets. The solution is relevant in the hall (storage of clothes and shoes) or living room (for the home library and household items).
The staircase can be organized as a wall in the living room, along the protruding parts of which movement is carried out through the floors.
Connoisseurs of quality drinks can equip themselves with a large collection of wines, enclosing it with glass doors and installing lighting.
In the resulting niche, you can put a small sofa, arrange a cozy place for relaxation and solitude, and on side walls install shelves.
The space under the stairs is suitable for creating a separate room - a pantry, an office or a mini-workshop. Any child will be delighted with such a secluded children's playroom.
Using these ideas will allow you to take a different look at the stairs in the house, which will turn from a bulky object into a functional solution.
Design stairs to the second floor - photo
It is difficult not to notice the staircase even in the most spacious interior, which is why so much attention is paid to its design. Even more various forms, decor options and layouts - in our photo selection. Happy viewing!
If there is more than one floor in a private house, you cannot do without stairs. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, it is necessary to pay attention not only not to the dimensions and how much space it takes in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then the staircase to the second floor, made with your own hands, will be not only a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but it can be done.
Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house
All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and others. decorative stones, and combinations of these materials are often used. But most often the staircase to the second floor is made of wood with your own hands, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.
In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. AT open stairs there is only a horizontally located part - the step itself, in closed ones - also vertical part- riser.
Design codes
When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of ascent:
The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the chosen height of the riser. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the angle of elevation 40°. According to the table, we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. We divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.
If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.
When choosing the size of steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and the riser is optimally 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.
All these parameters should be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from the fact that there is and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.
Spiral staircase
As already mentioned, a spiral staircase in a private house takes up the least space. But she has a serious drawback: it is inconvenient to walk on it, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.
Calculation features
When designing a spiral staircase, one must take into account that in some positions, there are other steps above the head. Therefore, making small risers will not work.
The next feature is that the steps all have an unequal width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part they are attached to the central support (pillar), the wide part - to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide one should not be more than 40 cm.
The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. Double the distance goes to the entire structure - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.
Construction on a prefabricated column
This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements- stages, intermediate cylinders, etc.
Looking more closely, apart from metal pipe(in this case, 40 mm in diameter), steps and balusters (available in any design), there are turned wooden cylinders (segments) that set the distance from one step to another.
On the other hand, the distance between the steps is kept with the help of cuts on the balusters. Steps are attached to these grooves (on glue + fasteners).
Do-it-yourself installation of stairs to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. In the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second, a hole is made equal to the diameter of the pillar. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on an enlarged washer, tighten the nut. Further, the assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, in parallel with the installation of the step, the baluster is placed and fixed. The dimensions of the steps for this spiral staircase with the given parameters are in the drawing.
Steps are cut from glued board or furniture board. You can use an array, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a moisture content of not more than 8-12%. Although glued wood is considered more reliable: it definitely will not lead and it will not crack during shrinkage.
An example of an assembly of such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated post, but you can also use a solid one, although it will be inconvenient to assemble the steps - you will have to climb the stairs every time.
The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are friends with welding, this option will be easier.
Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options
With railings or without railings, the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to perform Forged spiral staircases are a classic of the genre
Staircase to the second floor
Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology of their construction has long been worked out. There are few features of the calculation. It is important to determine the number of marches. In one section there should be from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient have 11-13 pieces. If, according to the calculation, it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are a multiple of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.
Kinds
Ladders with platforms take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, add turns. The most common option is to place the stairs along two adjacent walls at the corners. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Only one point: the section with winder steps is the most traumatic. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.
As mentioned earlier, mid-flight stairs are made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terraces (just an inclined beam). Fastening steps to bowstring beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are still nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but rather controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the whole staircase is made of wood, metal parts very "cut" look. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, with sufficient thickness of the boards for the steps and the width of the bowstring, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may pop out of the grooves.
The assembly of steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports, to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut out the stringers.
This is a ladder on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly
Installation of a marching staircase with step by step photos
Kosours are made from wide board 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no massive dry board, glued boards can be used. How to calculate the kosour is described in the form, but it is possible to assemble a staircase to the second floor not only as a separate one.
An example of assembling a ladder on the stringers next to the wall. First, we fix the support pillars on which the winder steps will rest. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.
Then we put the bottom. We fasten the kosour near the wall on top of a decorative board - it is easier to wash it and the dirt is less visible than on the wall.
We fasten the lower stringers - one to the pole, the second to the finishing board
Intermediate stringers are installed last. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.
The steps are being installed. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put in place, drill a hole for a self-tapping screw, then twist it.
The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case, they are made from stainless pipe With wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster, into which a tube is inserted, it is fixed on a hairpin or in any other available way.
Photos of interesting mid-flight stairs to the 2nd floor
Metal and glass - interesting combination An interesting idea, but from the end - a pantry
When we draw in the mind a private house of your dreams, it is often two-story. And the point is not only in romance, but also in the practicality of such a structure.
Now imagine how you enter the house, find yourself in a spacious living room and want to go up to the second floor. Which stairs would you like to take?
After reading the article, your staircase for the second floor will be presented clearly and in detail. Consider the full classification of structures and the most interesting ideas.
To make a staircase with your own hands is within the power of everyone with building skills and certain knowledge. It is also important to have free time. A good alternative is to order individual project or purchase modular design for assembly on site.
Starting the construction of the stairs, pay attention to building codes design SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings" in terms of the design and installation of stairs, which says the following:
- the width of the internal stairs must be at least 900 mm (this is the distance between the railings of the march or between the railing and the wall to which the ladder adjoins);
- the number of rises (risers) in one march must be at least three and not more than 18;
- bias flights of stairs 1:1.25, 1:1.5.
But above all, the ladder should be easy to use. If children and the elderly live in the house, then the height of the risers should not be made higher than 15 cm.
When installing floors above the first floor, correctly calculate the size of the opening for the stairs. The smaller the opening is left, the steeper the staircase will turn out. For a country staircase to the second floor, this is quite acceptable, but for a residential building with permanent residence- it's not very convenient.
Classification of ladder structures
Stairs in a residential building can be grouped according to 4 criteria. In each group, the designs have their own subspecies.
1. By type of construction
- marching (classic version with rectangular steps): single-flight, two-flight (have a full-fledged transitional platform) and multi-flight (wooden options for a private house are prohibited by fire safety standards);
- screw(spiral design with trapezoid steps): heavily twisted with a steep rise, gentle curve, not a complete spiral.
2. Axis direction
- straight(the direction of the axis within one march does not change);
- rotary(the axis line in the march changes direction due to winder steps): right-hand and left-hand; quarter-turn (90 degrees), half-turn (180 degrees) and circular (360 degrees);
- swing(the main line of the axis at the top diverges into two sides).
3. By type of load-bearing elements
- on kosoura(fastening to the lower solid beam): straight, broken, screw;
- on bowstrings(paired profiles with grooves for steps);
- on the bolts(steps are connected by separate fixing bolts);
- on consoles(unilateral fastening to a bearing wall).
Regardless of the type of bearing element in the design of the risers may or may not be present. In the first case, the ladder has closed view, and in the second - open with gaps between the steps.
4. According to the material of manufacture
- wooden (ash, oak, pine, larch, beech, yew, walnut);
- metal;
- forged cast iron;
- concrete;
- stone (facing with marble and granite);
- glass.
Separately, it is worth highlighting the combined options, where the supporting base is made from one material, and the railings and steps are made from another.
The appearance and design of the stairs is very important for the interior. Need to save general style rooms and, at the same time, make a bright accent. However, basing your choice only on the design you like is wrong.
The size and type of construction depends on the location of the lift. In a spacious hall or in a bright living room, it is possible to install massive marching structures.
For small hallway wall-mounted rotary and screw options will be in priority. If there is not enough space, then the arrangement of the stairs to the second floor is done in a minimalist style. This approach will not burden the interior and visually save space. A heavy forged structure looks out of place in a cramped hallway.
The space under the stairs can be functional if you plan a shelving unit, pantry or book corner in the niche.
A small house does not always allow you to install a fixed staircase, so manufacturers offer retractable and folding models for the attic.
The design should be safe and comfortable, especially if children or the elderly will live in the house. In such cases, options without railings and with open steps are unacceptable. When choosing marble for manufacturing, consider its slippery surface.
Interesting and harmonious solutions for the interior
Now let's take a look at the various finished projects for a private house, which will great solution for interiors of different directions.
In a log house, you can put an unusual wooden stairs, and the building is in country style. This solution combines safety, convenience and bright aesthetic load.
In a similar mood, you can create and screw structure. Although the option fits well with modern interior, the staircase would look much more harmonious in a room with open wooden walls.
It is convenient when the staircase of the second floor in the country house is located next to front door. Direct two-flight construction on the stringer saves space. The place under it can be arranged and created cozy corner for relax.
Wooden stairs do not necessarily look massive. Simple design on bowstrings takes up minimal space and is appropriate in country house. The disadvantage is that the climb is too steep in combination with open steps.
A similar option for a small house with low ceilings is open wooden structure on two strings. This option is versatile and inexpensive.
Wooden turning staircase on bowstrings with glass railings, it looks elegant and restrained. She does not stand out, but attracts attention with her modesty. Perfect for modern interiors.
A nice option on the bolts from the outside and on one bowstring from the side of the wall. Open steps do not interfere with the penetration of sunlight to the platform. For the safety of lifting at night, it is necessary to provide an artificial source of lighting.
The light wooden steps contrast with the dark metal stringer, and the presence of chrome handrails add personality to the design.
close design decision with a combination of wood and metal. But here the design gains strength due to vertical metal racks and additional fastening of the steps on the bolts. The site is not high, a convenient angle of ascent has been preserved, the place under the second flight is occupied by a fireplace.
The warmth of natural wood makes the forged structure more “homely” and cozy. Such a project will perfectly decorate a classic interior.
Fully metal constructions suitable for high-tech and techno. Such ladder differs in the increased durability and durability.
An open design on metal broken stringers will complement a modern interior. The absence of handrails facilitates the construction, but makes climbing unsafe.
Circular spiral staircases take up minimal space. With proper calculations and thoughtful design, moving along them will be comfortable and safe.
The most thorough and no less diverse in their execution and design concrete stairs. They are an excellent solution for spacious houses made of brick or other building blocks.
Due to the plasticity and strength of concrete, it is possible to create monolithic structures of any shape. For decoration, you can successfully use stone, wood and other materials you like.
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