Residents of big cities do not see the roofs of buildings. They are somewhere upstairs, where the romantic Carlson lives. Unlike megacities, the residential development environment of suburban villages and small towns is largely formed by the roofs of private houses. Developers are not bound by strict rules and are free to embody their idea of an ideal home in a wide variety of forms. Limits the imagination mainly the budget of construction or reconstruction. The beautiful roofs of the houses give the architecture a human scale and create a friendly environment for the residents. Let's try to figure out what are the options for the roofs of houses, and what determines their reliability, durability and attractiveness.
Rarely used in private construction in Russia and the CIS countries. Of the former Soviet republics, they are popular only in the Baltic states. The main reason is the lack of tradition and the fact that flat roofs are generally more expensive than pitched ones. Taking into account snow loads, flat roof structures must have high strength.
It is not customary to build frame houses with a flat roof, and the construction of a durable reinforced concrete coating is more expensive than a wooden truss system. However, it must be taken into account that reinforced concrete will last longer, and it is also absolutely fireproof. A flat roof gives another serious bonus: it can be used as a terrace, balcony, sports ground, solarium or even a green garden. Such solutions are very popular in developed countries.
A flat roof will cost more. But it can be rationally used.
Pitched (sloped) roofs
Roofs with a slope of more than 12 ° are officially considered pitched. Their variety is huge and limited only by the imagination. Naturally, the more complex the roof shapes of private houses, the more expensive they are. Based on the practice of building private housing, the main types of roofs of low-rise buildings have been formed.
Consider the various types of pitched roofs in more detail.
The main forms of pitched roofs
Features of pitched roofs
A house with a shed roof is not yet held in high esteem by us. Until recently, it was believed that they were suitable only for courtyard buildings. At the same time, zealous residents of Scandinavia and Germany (countries that are in many ways similar to Russia in climate) are building quite a few standard budget houses of a similar design. When a higher overhang is oriented to the sunny side, living quarters are placed there, in the lower part - bathrooms, stairs, etc. This allows you to optimize the building volume, let more light into the house. A shed roof is structurally simple and therefore inexpensive.
The use of a shed roof allows you to find amazingly beautiful solutions in interior design
It is desirable to have a picturesque landscape to which stained glass windows can be oriented. If you are not near a mountain valley or the ocean, you can admire your own neat garden. In this case, it is better to put the house not close to the fence.
Characteristics of a gable design - "roof house"
"The roof of the house". The roofs of one-story houses in children's drawings are always depicted with two slopes, an indispensable chimney and a column of smoke. A flower pot or a cat will sit in the window. The gable design is the simplest and most economical, deservedly the most popular. Almost all types of traditional dwellings have gable roofs. Unless, of course, we do not count the mobile dwellings of peoples leading a nomadic lifestyle: yurts, chums and tents.
The house's small additional side gable, double glass door, and balcony add some complexity to the roof, but enhance the exterior and add comfort to the interior.
When installing gable roofs, the consumption of wood for the installation of a truss system is minimal. The design is simple to manufacture, windows or vents can be built into the side gables (also called gables).
Very simple, but no less cute house, Germany
If there is a puff that tightens the rafters at the level of the Mauerlat, the load on the walls is transferred only vertically, and not to the spread, to the sides. This solution is optimal for wooden log cabins, which can be deformed from diagonal influences. If it is not possible to install the tightening, it is necessary to ensure the support of the rafters in the upper part and fasten them to the upper crown of the log house on sliding supports.
In the presence of tightening (2), the load from the rafter legs (1) is transmitted through the mauerlat (3) to the walls strictly vertically. This is the simplest, most stable and rational construction for wooden houses and buildings of great length.
Overlapping with the help of trusses forming a gable roof is very effective. The design of a properly assembled truss is very rigid, has a minimum deflection. Trusses can cover spans of several tens of meters, while the cross section of the elements from which they are assembled is small. A very economical solution, however, does not allow the use of the attic space to the fullest.
A gable roof does not have to be symmetrical
With the help of wooden trusses, very large spans can be covered without intermediate supports. The consumption of wood in the construction of farms is minimal.
The roofs of private houses with two slopes make it possible to equip full-fledged living quarters in the attic. Two variants of gable roofs are used for the construction of the attic floor: with straight rafters and broken ones. A gable roof with broken slopes is also called a mansard.
Scheme of the truss system of the attic roof. The tightening ensures that there are no bursting loads on the walls, the posts and the top beam create a closed frame. Robust and inexpensive construction.
It is a little more difficult to install, more material is consumed, but there is a gain in the height of the rooms on the upper floor. The mansard roof allows you to get rooms with vertical walls and a high horizontal ceiling instead of an attic, practically forming a full-fledged second floor.
On the right is a roof with straight rafters, on the left - with broken ones.
With a gable roof with straight rafters, the windows are placed in the gables, and the low parts of the room along the side overhangs can be used as storage rooms. The only disadvantage of windows built into the roof is that they need to be properly closed before the rain.
The interior of this attic space is filled with light thanks in large part to the skylights.
Another type of mansard roof is a gable roof with small bevels (slopes) on the gables (tongs). This type is common in Holland, the northern provinces of France, Germany and Poland, and the Russians also fell in love. This type of roof is also called half-hipped or Dutch.
Another type of mansard roof, Dutch. Intermediate between gable and hip.
The subtleties of the hip roof device
The hip roof has slopes on all sides and is called a hipped roof. There can be more slopes (roof edges) if the shape of the building in terms of plan is more complicated than a simple rectangle. All slopes are completely lowered to the eaves. Two of them are triangular in shape, two (or more) are trapezoid.
A typical Polish house project with a straight pitched roof and a small gable above the porch. Large roof overhangs are practical and beautiful
The hip design, with the proper approach, is strong and reliable, but more difficult to perform than a gable one. Accordingly, it costs more. Visually, the hip roof makes the house lower; due to the lack of vertical walls, the real height of the building is not read. Corner rafters have a large load, so they must have a more powerful section.
The construction of a hip roof is more complicated than a hip roof.
A four- or multi-pitched roof also allows you to equip living quarters in the attic. Like a gable roof, the hip roof truss structure can be straight or broken. With straight rafters, large overhangs will be appropriate: they will protect the walls from rain, allow you to raise the height of the attic without violating the proportions of the building.
A nice house with a residential attic under a sloping hipped roof, which is decorated with a side pediment with a balcony.
Glass doors and vertical cuckoo skylights fill the rooms with sunlight. Typical building in northern France.
The roof is hipped, but there are more than four slopes
The hip roof can also be curved, approaching the domed type. The production and installation of such structures will cost much more.
The hipped roof is a kind of hip (four-pitched). It is erected over buildings close in plan to a square. The slopes have a similar angle of inclination and converge at one point in the center of the roof. Thus, there is no horizontal ridge at the hipped roof, only inclined ribs at the junction of the slopes. A hipped roof can also have a straight or broken shape.
Thatched hipped roof. The upper decorative element protects the end of the upper row of reeds and covers the openings of the ventilation ducts from precipitation.
Vaulted roof and its characteristics
A cylindrical roof is called a vaulted roof. Traditionally, the vault was made of brick or stone. Rafter systems from ordinary lumber are unsuitable for the manufacture of curved vaults. The load-bearing structures of vaulted roofs are made of curved metal beams or glued timber beams made in the shape of the roof.
The load from the vaulted roof is carried by heavy beams made of glued wood, made to order. Effective solution, but expensive
Lattice trusses of complex shape are also used. As a result, the cost of vaulted roofs is too high for widespread use. The choice of roofing materials is limited to seam metal roofing, bitumen-polymer roll materials and, under certain conditions, flexible tiles.
Features of the dome design
To build a dome is even more difficult than a vault. This solution is used in private construction only if there is a sufficient budget and the need to achieve an unusual external effect.
The roof of this flower-shaped country house can be described as a complex hybrid of hip and dome
In combination with palm trees, this house looks very beautiful. Among the fir trees and birches, the house probably would not have looked so impressive.
A kind of domed roof, consisting of geometrically correct and mathematically calculated triangular elements. There are convenient computer programs for designing such systems. The assembly of the dome is relatively laborious, but this disadvantage is compensated by the surprisingly low consumption of material for the supporting structures.
In developed countries, geodesic domes as residential buildings are by no means uncommon, they are expensive. So far, only enthusiasts are doing this. The peculiarity of such buildings is that the interiors have unusual outlines. A well-assembled geodesic dome can withstand heavy snowfalls, stormy winds and even earthquakes.
The supporting frame of the geodesic dome is very strong, while the cross section of its elements is minimal.
There are many types of roofs: one is more beautiful than the other, there is plenty to choose from. With a limited budget, you should first of all pay attention to two- and one-slope options. The more complex the roof, the more expensive it is. And not only in type, but also in shape in terms of, for example, a hip with more than four slopes. You need to understand that each additional roof fracture, ridge or valley will entail additional costs.
In addition to the protective function, the roof of the house is its logical conclusion and highlights its individuality from an architectural point of view. There are a lot of varieties of roofs and they all differ in characteristics.
First of all, the roof should perfectly cope with its purpose, have an attractive appearance and match the taste of the residents.
The type of roof is selected taking into account the overall design of the building, its volume and location. Let's talk about what are the beautiful roofs of private houses.
Roof functions
The direct purpose of the roof is to protect the building from external environmental influences. This design is an integral part of any building. It should be able to take on loads of varying degrees of severity, as well as look beautiful and decorate the house.
Currently, there is a huge variety of modern roofing materials that have excellent properties and characteristics. When choosing the right material, many factors are taken into account, on which the appearance of the future roof will depend.
The most common types of roofs are flat and pitched. The flat view of the roof is used extremely rarely and this is due to its high cost, since such a design requires a particularly strong frame.
Without a supporting structure, the roof may not be able to withstand heavy loads, such as large amounts of snow. Despite this, flat roofing has its advantages. If you look at the photo of a beautiful straight roof, it can be noted that this is an ideal platform for organizing a terrace, a winter garden or a gym.
Pitched roofs are especially popular among owners of private houses. Designers have developed many ideas for organizing a pitched structure, so even such a simple option will not seem boring.
Roof types
So, at present, there are many options for roofs using modern materials, which will certainly add zest to the appearance of your home.
Having analyzed these options in more detail, you can choose the most beautiful roof for yourself:
A hip roof is a roof consisting of two triangular slopes.
A hipped roof is a symmetrical structure with several slopes in the form of even triangles.
A complex roof is an option for connoisseurs of everything unusual. There are several varieties of such a roof:
- A mansard-type sloping roof is a structure of several roofs installed at different levels.
- The dome roof is a decorative variant of the sphere and is rarely used as a roof for private houses.
- A vaulted roof is a variant of a cylindrical roof.
- "Salt cellar" - a gable roof, one slope of which is longer than the other.
How to build a beautiful roof? If you take into account some recommendations, then your roof will serve you for decades.
So, as it turned out, the pitched roof occupies a leading position. Consider the benefits:
Such a roof perfectly protects the structure from external factors - strong wind, rain and snow. In addition, the design is reliable and strong.
By choosing a pitched roof for your home, you will forget about the problems for a long time, since this option is the most durable of those listed.
In addition, if you use a high-quality, modern coating, then the roof will favorably distinguish your house from others. An example is a beautiful metal roof.
Leading designers and architects offer many pitched roof ideas, so even the most preferred homeowners will have no problem choosing.
Under a pitched roof, you can make an attic or an attic room.
It is worth noting that the pitched roof is a classic and does not differ in originality, but we recall that this type of roof remains the most practical, affordable option.
You can make a pitched roof from any material - corrugated board, ondulin, onduvilla, slate. In the same way, you can build a beautiful wooden roof.
When choosing wood as a roofing material, do not forget to treat it with special compounds that prevent decay and provide protection from pests.
Photo of beautiful roof
Fashion today dictates the rules in all areas - clothing, footwear, interior and exterior design, garden design. She did not bypass the roof. More recently, decorative turrets were popular, and now - multi-level complex structures, under which they arrange children's rooms or dressing rooms, gyms, home theaters, billiard rooms and more. But fashion is a capricious and changeable lady. And if you completely rely on it, you will have to renew the roof of the house every 2-3 years, which not everyone can afford. It is better to listen to your taste, taking individual stylish fragments as a basis. And in order not to drown in the ocean of diversity, you should familiarize yourself with the ready-made projects of beautiful roofs of private houses.
Roofs for private houses: which one to choose
The appearance of modern roofs is a flight of design fantasy and one of the motivators, and not the most important one, that determines the design of the roof for a particular building. The main thing is engineering developments for a certain form - tasks that one or another roof configuration should perform as best as possible.
An unusual mansard roof with asymmetric lines will emphasize the refined taste of the owner of the house and will allow you to get additional space under the roof.
For example, a flat mansard roof and a broken mansard roof have different purposes. The first is suitable for creating a greenhouse on the roof, the second - to have additional living space.
On the flat roof of a private house, you can arrange a beautiful green area
But the basic functions for all roofs are the same:
- protection of the building from rain, snow and wind;
- good resistance to mechanical stress and ultraviolet;
- effective self-cleaning;
- environmental friendliness;
- simplicity in arrangement and repair;
- economy during construction and operation, as well as durability.
Seasonal holiday home with a simple gable roof - classic design that never goes out of style
Therefore, you should choose the shape of the roof based on your needs: what you want to get in the end. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the bearing load that the roof will exert on the walls and foundation of the house. A multi-gable complex roof, and even covered with natural tiles, will not fit a light frame building, no matter how much you would like it.
Fans of the original design are constructing a multi-gable roof for the sake of beauty and the ability to equip several small side attics at once
Conversely, a simple gable roof, covered with ordinary slate, will not look good on the intricate facade of a large building.
Even the location of the house plays a significant role in choosing a roof. If the building is located at the very beginning of the site, then it makes no sense to make slopes that are fashionable, almost to the very ground. For such a form, space is needed, and in cramped conditions it will not play as it should.
The gable roof is simple and reliable, but there are several complex hybrid forms, for example, a half-hip design - when the end slopes do not reach the cornice, and the side slopes are located low from the ground
Why then spend money when you can choose something simpler and save a lot on construction. By the way, classic gable roofs have not gone out of fashion for centuries. And that means a lot.
Video: unusual roofs of private houses
Beautiful roof design: options
The roofs of houses differ in design and in the type of covering material.
flat roofs
In private housing construction, flat roofs are quite rare. The main reason is a large snow load compared to the pitched one, which falls on a flat form, and low self-cleaning. It is believed that with a slope of 0–1 °, water will constantly stagnate on the roof and this will sooner or later lead to damage to the roofing. That is, a flat roof needs much more maintenance.
A flat roof blends favorably with the overall design and is complemented by various small geometric details.
In addition, such a project cannot be called economical. The rafter system, monolithic ceilings, insulating materials, arrangement of smoke and ventilation ducts, drainage and drains - everything must be durable and of high quality.
Minimalism and clear geometric lines produce the effect of stability and solidity.
Therefore, a flat roof is usually made when it is planned to be used - for a terrace, a greenhouse, a sauna or a swimming pool, etc. Here they are indispensable. If not, then it is better to refuse a flat roof.
In a modern individual residential building in the Moscow region, green spaces are located on a flat exploited roof
A private house with a flat roof is unusual and interesting: an extraordinary roof creates a unique style and completes the overall image of the building.
Video: how to make a flat roof operational and how much it will cost
pitched roofs
The construction of pitched roofs is more expensive for owners of private houses: more roofing is required, a more powerful supporting structure is needed. However, they are more reliable, do not require frequent maintenance and are very diverse in form:
- lean-to;
- gable (straight, broken roofs or mansard);
- four-pitched (tent, hip);
- spherical;
- multi-forceps;
- conical;
- combined, etc.
Video: pitched roof designs for a private house - 10 ideas
Shed roof house design
Such roofs are also called monopitch. They have one slope, based on load-bearing walls of different heights, due to which very interesting projects are obtained.
The arrangement of a shed roof is inexpensive, since the entire installation consists in supporting the canvas on the outer walls of the building of different heights
If earlier the lot of mono-pitched roofs was terraces, outbuildings, cellars, today it is one of the trends of minimalism, which gives the building a futuristic look.
The roof wraps around the building beautifully, performing several important functions at once: it creates an unusual design shape for the whole house and delicately hides the second floor
Modern pitched roofs are a whole complex of nodes and connections that can withstand climatic disasters and protect the building. Therefore, more and more often you can see shed roofs in private households.
The building attracts attention and captivates the eye with a beautiful design and skillfully selected colors of the cladding.
In addition to the stylish airy design, shed roofs are lightweight and inexpensive to install. Anyone who has at least a little knowledge in construction can mount such a roof, even if he has never done such a thing before. The main thing is to observe the technology and the specifics of their device.
Both edges of the rafter legs have a reliable support and are classified as layered
The definition of a shed roof reflects the essence of its device - one pitched plane is formed by a rafter system.
Video: do-it-yourself shed roof device
Monopitch roofs, due to their configuration, are diverse, for example, canopy roofs, which are so fond of the inhabitants of Australia, known for their commitment to all sorts of fashionable manifestations.
Today, the people of Australia, known for their courage in terms of fashion legislation, confidently set a new trend in the use of canopy roofs in construction.
Shed roofs can be attic and non-attic, hemispherical, as well as shed - sawtooth, which rarely, however, can be seen crowning a private house. And absolutely in vain. Thanks to their design, with a skillful approach, you can achieve all the advantages of passive solar heating and good natural light.
A good result was received by the architect Howard Alan, who transformed the roof of an ordinary Chicago house. The new roof became shed (sawtooth). Post-construction testing showed that at an outside temperature of -18.3°C on a sunny winter day, the inside temperature was around +21.1°C.
With the transformation of the roof into a shed roof, the height of the attic rooms has increased and their natural ventilation has been simplified
Beautiful gable roofs of private houses
Gable roofs are the most popular types of roofs for a number of reasons:
In terms of functionality, gable roofs are in no way inferior to single-pitched ones, they are just as simple and reliable. They consist of two slopes, which are based, as in a mono-pitch roof, on load-bearing walls (or a post-and-beam support system), but of the same height. The slopes are connected by a ridge ridge. The gap between them is called a pediment or gable.
Large windows and a roof with window openings create good lighting and look interesting against the background of other buildings.
Until recently, the slopes themselves were traditionally the same length. But fashion makes its own adjustments and now they are often made in different sizes, which gives the house a peculiar appearance.
The gable roof serves as a roof for the house, smoothly turning into a summer canopy for a parking lot or a place where you can relax and hide from the sun
Moreover, a gutter system is not installed under long slopes, since water and melted snow quickly descend from such roofs. On the one hand, this reduces the cost of construction and guarantees a long service life for the roofing. But on the other hand, such a roof needs a good drainage system around the entire perimeter of the house so that the foundation does not get heated.
Video: roofs of private houses
Varieties of gable roofs
Gable roofs are unlimited in terms of supporting structure and covering material, so there is room for design imagination here.
The Dormer roof adds a dormer window to the attic, which serves to light and ventilate the attic space, and also improves the appearance of a private house.
So-called hybrid forms appeared - more complicated in design, but, of course, much more effective. For example, half-hip structures with end slopes that do not reach the eaves.
A half-hip roof is more difficult to arrange than a regular gable roof, but it looks much more original
Of interest are the Danish form of a gable roof and the Dutch one, the difference between which lies in the method of cutting the hip - the Danish one offers small tongs, and the Dutch one - pediments of the usual size in the form of a trapezoid.
The difference between the Danish and Dutch design lies in the way the hip is cut - from above or below
Such structures have their strengths and weaknesses. The first ones include:
- high rigidity of the frame due to the corner ribs;
- ability to withstand considerable snow loads;
- good protection of the gables of the house from the weather and the ability to install a regular window in the attic (attic) room.
Cons of half-hipped roofs:
- the complexity of the design provides for an accurate calculation of the truss system;
- greater consumption of lumber and roofing sheeting.
Mansard roofs are also a type of gable roofs. It would seem that in our time you will not surprise anyone with such roofs with broken lines. However, newfangled elements make modern mansard roofs not only respectable, solid, but also stunningly attractive and functional. For many, such a roof is a blue dream, despite the cost of its arrangement.
The rich decoration of the house is favorably emphasized by an unusual roof
The audacity of the architects is amazing. In order for the house to retain its individuality, choose unusual shapes and materials that will last for years.
The roof smoothly flows into the walls, creating a solid and complete image of the entire building.
Before installing the mansard roof, it is imperative to check the condition of the foundation and load-bearing walls - whether they can withstand the additional load.
Beautiful roofs of wooden houses
Frame or wooden houses, unlike stone, brick, etc. buildings, are lighter and do not need a strong foundation. This must be taken into account when choosing a roof. In principle, this is more about covering material, since any shape of the roof can be given. Before this, strengthen the load-bearing walls, strengthen the foundation, install decorative support beams near the house, to which the load from the roof will be transferred, etc. There are a lot of options, but it is still better to choose a covering material that is light, do not overload the load-bearing structures of the house with natural tiles, for example.
Mostly for wooden buildings use:
- conventional gable roofs;
Wooden walls emphasize the quality factor of the house
- Saltbox roofs - asymmetric gable roofs - allow you to expand the house by lowering a long slope onto the elements being completed;
The asymmetric gable roof of the frame house allows you to transfer the load through a long slope to the elements of the house being completed
- rustic mansard roofs - a brutal fashion trend designed just for wooden houses - a combination of simplicity and rough natural materials.
The roof made of roofing iron has an interesting shape: the usual gable, it unobtrusively changes the angle of the slopes, as if the building merges with the surrounding landscape
Beautiful roofs of complex structures
Recently, roofs of complex shapes have become very popular among private homeowners. This is due to the original look that such roofs give to buildings, as well as the ability to rationally use the under-roof space. This group includes:
- hip roofs;
Under the roof, an additional floor is imperceptibly hidden, while the building seems compact and well-coordinated.
- multi-forceps;
Strong and reliable multi-gable roofing goes well with wooden beams and chimney
- combined from different types;
The noble gray color of the combined roof favorably resonates with the milky shade of the walls and the decorative elements of the courtyard
- vaulted roofs, which are often equipped on additional buildings;
- tambourine, tent and cone;
- M-shaped roofs - they are rarely used, only in special design solutions, when you need to combine 2 buildings under one roof;
Two houses standing close together visually have separate roofs, but are actually connected by a common valley, the loads on which are very high.
- butterfly roofs - they look very tempting, but are complex in design.
The butterfly roof looks very beautiful and unusual, but impractical for the price, the lack of an attic space, and the complexity of the design.
Of course, this is an incomplete list of noteworthy roofs for a private house. In the world of building fashion, you can see amazing examples of engineering and design ideas.
In addition to the functional and aesthetic side, it would be good to consider also a practical aspect - the ability to use the roof surface for energy saving. Is it possible to install solar panels without damage to the appearance - this question is by no means an idle one. Energy prices are rising with enviable regularity, so the simple installation of alternative energy sources on the roof of your own house will be very useful.
It is always useful to have your own sources of energy, especially with the constant rise in the cost of energy resources.
Which roof shape to choose is a decision that needs to be carefully considered. View all versions you like. Determine the difficulties associated with the construction. Understand the conditions of operation and repair, as well as what advantages this or that type of roof will give.
Video: types of roofs - an overview of shed, gable and flat roofs
Which roofing material is more attractive
The choice of roofing most often depends on the angle of the roof. Therefore, you first need to choose the best option for the slope of the roof. It is believed that the largest snow load on the roof occurs when the slope of the slopes is 30 °. Therefore, in order for the roof to self-clean well, the angle of inclination must be made at least 45 °.
However, you do not need to arbitrarily increase the angle of inclination on the principle of "the more the better." Not better. Especially in regions with an abundance of gusty winds.
With an increase in the slope of the slopes by 20–30%, the wind load on such a roof immediately increases by 5 times.
But reducing the slope is not an option - the wind can undermine the roof literally from the inside, making its way through the unprotected joints of the ceilings. So you need to choose the shape of the roof, taking into account the climatic conditions of a particular region, having previously calculated the angle of inclination according to the formula: the length of the ridge ridge is divided by ½ of the width of the house and multiplied by 100. The result will be the desired angle of inclination.
Wind loads depend on the slope of the slopes
The greater the angle of inclination, the higher the cost of building a roof. This should also be taken into account when choosing a roof.
Video: how to make the right choice of covering material
So, roofing - which is better:
- Slate is an inexpensive roofing material. It is used with a slope of 13–60 °. With a smaller slope, water will seep in at the joints, rendering the already not very durable coating unusable.
A private house with a slate roof looks very stylish, but the slate coating is highly dependent on the slope of the slopes.
- Ceramic tiles are a beautiful and noble covering flooring, which is laid at a slope of 30–60 °. If the angle of inclination is less, then additional ventilation and waterproofing of the roof are made.
For thousands of years, ceramic tiles have been one of the most beautiful roofing materials.
- Metal tile - the most, perhaps, the best option for coverage. Suitable for almost any shape of the roof and, moreover, it does not have a maximum slope value, and the minimum is only 15 °. Therefore, this roofing material is so popular.
Metal tile - a material for those who choose stylish solutions for reasonable money
- Bituminous tiles - looks beautiful on unusually shaped roofs with arched elements and a slope angle of less than 12 °. The maximum slope value is not limited.
Bituminous tiles are suitable for roofs of unusual shape
Transparent roofs should be singled out as a separate group - outwardly incredibly beautiful, but they will also require a lot of expenses for arrangement.
A transparent roof that allows light and air to pass through will become the hallmark of the house, giving it fragility, sophistication and originality.
And, of course, premium roofs:
Advantages of copper and titanium-zinc roofs:
- prestigious with high aesthetic performance;
- environmentally friendly and plastic, thanks to which such coatings can be laid on any contours and form the most incredible designs;
- do not need special maintenance and painting;
- differ in natural anti-corrosion protection due to the formation of a patina (oxide film);
- light, easy to install - attached to the base with the help of folds, not nails;
- withstand temperatures without loss of their qualities up to +150 ° C;
- tolerate frosts down to -70 ° C, therefore they are widely used in the northern regions;
- mounted on roofs of any slope;
- durable - service life up to 150 years.
Video: copper roof - the elite can be seen from afar
It is impossible not to mention the reed coating, which, like copper and titanium, is capable of changing color over the years, merging with the landscape.
Reed roofs are becoming more popular every year.
And if earlier it was believed that reeds are the lot of the poor, now this environmentally friendly, warm and durable natural material is preferred mainly by wealthy people.
Video: charming thatched roofs
Roofs-chameleons - as they are called by the people - fabulously beautiful, reliable, cozy and unique.
Video: photos of beautiful and unusual roofs
Homes are so different. Even built according to a single project, in the same area, but some look like palaces, while others look like just buildings. And it's all about a properly shaped roof and a suitable covering material, which do not have to be trendy, but must comply with the canons of style. Then the house will receive a modern beautiful “headdress”, and its inhabitants will receive comfort and coziness.
The roof of the house is one of the key elements of its reliability, strength, thermoregulation and presentable appearance. There are various types of roofs of private houses, which differ in configuration, the type of roofing materials involved, and the complexity of construction. The roof is an important load-bearing structure of the house, designed to protect it from precipitation and external influences, so it must be strong, stable and durable. Yes, and aesthetic qualities play an important role, because a well-chosen configuration and design of the roof will set the tone for the entire building, becoming its hallmark.
Forms and types of roofs of private houses
At the design stage, you should choose the right roof structure, based on the shape of the house and its purpose. Roofs are divided into types that differ in the number of hips and slopes. The main types of roofs that are in modern construction:
Shed- simplicity of design and comparative cheapness of execution makes this type of roof popular. Used for outbuildings, warehouses and garages. Rarely - for a private house.
gable- the classic version of the roof, which consists of two parts. Gives you the opportunity to equip the attic.
flat- It is used mainly in the climatic zone, where a small amount of precipitation is provided. Otherwise, water will accumulate on the surface of the roof and flow into the house.
hip roof- It is also called a four-slope. Differs in a difficult design and high operational characteristics.
Half hip, the Danish roof can be gable (mansard) or four-pitched.
Shatrovaya- a kind of hip roofs for private houses, the design resembles a tent. Differs in simplicity of installation and high functionality.
Multi-forceps- consists of tongs, many valleys, gables and blocks. Provides a natural stack of rain and melt water.
dome or cone the roof is used mainly on round and multi-faceted buildings.
Roofs of complex combination- are installed in private houses on two floors, with extensions and utility rooms. Installation of such a roof is only possible for experienced specialists.
The choice in favor of a flat-shaped roof is very rare, because it accumulates snow too quickly, retains a stack of water, and is easily deformed if the load during installation was incorrectly calculated. This type of roofing is preferred in hot climates where rainfall is rare. It is also used to cover multi-storey buildings and industrial buildings.
Flat roofs are popular with high-tech houses.
The advantages of a flat roof include:
Its smaller area compared to pitched, so less roofing material goes to it.
Installation and service work on a flat roof can be carried out without problems.
A flat roof allows you to get an additional usable area that can be used as a terrace, a place for sports, arrange a winter garden, build a gazebo with a fireplace.
Installation of this design is quick, as well as repair.
In a mild climate, you can arrange a flat roof under the garden
Shed roofs
A pitched roof has a flat surface that slopes to one side. Very often it is arranged on walls of different heights. When installing this, it is very important to choose the right amount of slope so that part of the building is located towards the winds.
The simplest version of a pitched roof
Advantages of a shed roof:
Low cost compared to attic or domed;
The possibility of subsequent completion of the floors without grandiose dismantling;
Easy installation of chimneys and stacks;
A wide range of roofing materials;
High area utilization rate;
Possibility to mount a balcony and huge windows from ceiling to floor.
Also very popular for modern style homes
There are no special drawbacks to a shed roof, except for it
Not very presentable.
However, if you correctly design the structure, combine several slopes at different levels, then you get a completely attractive roof. The correct selection of material is also important - if you choose, for example, a metal tile, then you get a beautiful slope geometry, but the profiled sheet will turn the house into a barn.
gable roofs
The gable roof structure is most often used for a private house in our climate zone. The angled design prevents water and snow from accumulating. The angle of the pitched roof is determined based on the level of precipitation in the current region - the more precipitation, the greater the angle of the pitched roof.
Advantages of a gable roof:
Practicality and the ability to equip the attic;
No need to clean snow and water manually;
Ease of installation;
Wide design possibilities;
Most roofing materials are focused on a gable roof;
Good maintainability;
Low cost and speed of construction.
The disadvantages of a gable roof in a private house include:
A large number of roofing materials that will be needed for its construction.
If you plan to build an attic, then you need to take care of increasing the number of windows, which will complicate the construction of a gable roof.
hip roof
The hip roof consists of four planes, which are located at an angle. Such a roof is considered one of the varieties of a hipped roof.
Benefits of a hip roof:
It is not subject to deformation in places of eaves canopies;
original appearance;
Can withstand strong winds;
Possibility to equip an attic or attic;
Well protects the facade from precipitation, thanks to the installation of additional overhangs.
Photo of a house with a hip roof
The disadvantage of a hip roof is:
The complexity of its installation, the complexity of laying roofing materials;
Due to the slopes, the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic space is reduced.
Half hip roof
Half-hip roofs are also called Dutch. In our country, such designs are not used as often as in Europe.
3D sketch of a hipped roof
Advantages of semi-hip roofs:
Resistant to wind and even hurricane due to the streamlined shape;
Reliably protects the walls and gables of the house from snow and rain;
The ability to equip a residential or attic space under the roof;
Original and unusual design.
The disadvantages of a roof of this form include:
The difficulty of its installation, a large number of ribs and valleys;
A large number of necessary lumber;
Complicated roofing - builders have to install a lot of stops and struts.
hipped roofs
The tent-shaped roof is one of the varieties of pitched roof types. Consists of four equal slopes of a triangular shape.
Photo of a house with a hipped roof
This version of the roof wins over the gable roof, due to a higher level of functionality and decorative appeal. The mass of a hipped roof is less than that of a gable or mansard roof, so the load on buildings becomes less. The structure of the hipped roof is strong, thanks to the ribs that provide support. The disadvantages of this type of roof include the complexity and high cost of installation.
Multi-forceps
Multi-gable roofs for private houses are a rather complex structure, as they consist of many slopes, ribs, gables, valleys. Installation of such a roof is carried out only by masters with extensive experience in this field.
Multi-forceps option
Advantages of a multi-gable roof:
Attractive appearance;
Durability and strength of the structure;
Practicality;
The possibility of equipping an additional room under the roof.
In the modern concept, the roof of a house is not only a cover, protection from snow, sun or rain. Now the roof is an architectural continuation of the building, capable of emphasizing its individuality and originality, changing the visual perception of the house. It should also be noted that the type of roof will affect the internal atmosphere, comfort and coziness.
Be that as it may, but first of all, the roof must be reliable, because beauty will not save you from snow or rain. In general, there are many types of roofs, but we will only talk about the most popular, reliable and practical options that are best used when building a private house.
If we consider all the roofs as a whole, then they can be safely divided into two categories: flat and pitched. Both one and the other have both advantages and disadvantages.
Flat roof
Flat roof although it is popular, it does not always find a place for itself in residential housing construction. The main disadvantage is the lack of slope, and, consequently, the constant accumulation of snow and melt water on its surface. Because of this, the life of a flat roof is drastically reduced, thus it looks less acceptable in comparison with a pitched roof structure. Often a flat roof is used only when its surface will be used (placing a front garden, pool or terrace).
pitched roof
pitched roof much more preferable, because precipitation practically does not linger on its surface. In general, this type of roof is more reliable and attractive. Under such a roof, you can equip an attic space in the attic. The only drawback that you will have to face is the increased cost of building this type of roof and the difficulty of repairing it.
Roof with attic
Roof with attic very easy to build and install, you can build it yourself. The angle of inclination of the attic roof directly depends on what material is used for its roofing. You also need to take into account the maximum load placed on the roof, the cost of its construction and materials. It is convenient to repair such a roof, but even at the initial stages it is necessary to choose the optimal roofing material. An important point will be the decision on the attic, whether it will be used as a living space or not. Depending on this, the height of the ceiling, its quality and the materials used for its construction, as well as what the roofing pie, heat and waterproofing should be, will be decided.
Atticless (mansard)
Atticless (mansard) roof differs in that the outer mills will be the roof surfaces located at a sharp angle. This roof is interesting from the outside, but the usable area of the attic will be slightly reduced, since a good roof fastening is needed. It is almost impossible to build such a roof on your own, it is better to involve professionals.
In most cases, a roof without an attic has a break, therefore, special support systems are installed from the inside, which reduce the usable area of the attic. Having imagination and design ideas, the supports can be sheathed with plywood, and then make niches and cabinets for seasonal items there.
shed roof
shed roof - cheap and easy to install option. In fact, this is a kind of flat roof mounted on walls of different heights. It is thanks to this that a natural slope of the roof is created at a certain angle to one side. This roof is convenient and practical, but it is very boring in appearance, and you can’t equip an attic under it.
gable roof
gable roof - the most popular option in villages and small towns. This roof is one of the oldest, but is still relevant today. It is based on two slopes connected at the top by a “ridge”. A gable roof can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. In general, this is a very convenient and practical option, an ideal solution for those who want to equip the attic.
hip roof
hip roof - a kind of hipped roof. The two slopes of this roof are trapezoidal, and the end planes (hips) are triangular. It is much more difficult to create and build such a roof, so it is better to turn to professionals. The advantage of the roof lies in its operational characteristics, because it is very resistant to the vagaries of the weather.
Half hip roof
Half hip roof - this is something between a hip and a gable roof. The lateral planes are truncated - they have a semi-hinged shape, their length is 2-3 times less than the main planes. Vertical windows can be placed on the pediment of the building, and half-hips will become a decorative element.
Shatrovaya
Shatrovaya - the design of this roof has 3 or more slopes that are assembled at one top point. There is no “ridge” in the hipped roof, and the symmetry of the slopes pleasantly surprises. If the house has regular geometric shapes (square, polygon), then a hipped roof will be the best solution. It is resistant to winds, original in appearance and able to reliably protect the house.
Multi-gable roof
Multi-gable roof - the most difficult, expensive, but at the same time interesting option. Ideal for polygonal houses where you want to create something special. The truss system of a multi-gable roof is difficult to implement, so the involvement of professional builders and architects is a must here. If everything goes well, then eventually it will be possible to get a dream home.
broken roof
broken roof - a kind of mansard roof, because it is under it that an attic is often equipped. The upper part has a small angle of inclination, after which there is a break and the angle increases sharply, thereby the usable attic area will practically not be affected, and its side walls will be reliably protected.
Conical and domed roofs
Conical and domed roofs - this is a very rare occurrence, because almost no one uses them. This type of roof is not easy to use, it is difficult to repair them. It is best to use them only as separate elements that can be used to cover round verandas or create decorative towers.
Combined roof
Combined roof - difficult, but possible. This roof often combines such types of roofs as hipped, hip and multi-gable. It is logical that it is too difficult to calculate and build such a roof, so a professional architect must be involved to implement the project. By creating a combined roof, you can surprise your friends, envy your neighbors and delight your loved ones. Having built such a roof, you need to be prepared for the fact that it is difficult to maintain it, and it is also necessary to spend capital on the implementation of this project, whether it is worth it only for the owner of the home to decide.
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