Installation of stairs in the bath to the second floor. The flight of stairs for the bath: dimensions and materials Wooden stairs in a small bath space

Since ancient times, the bath had a limited set of tasks: a person came, steamed, washed himself and went home. To date, the baths are rebuilt in two floors, and the upper level is made residential, but how the construction work is carried out and the further operation of such buildings will be discussed in this article.

Individual features of two-story baths

Modern construction trends are such that a bathhouse with a second floor is represented by a washing room and a steam room on the first floor, and a kitchen block and a living room are located on the second.

This placement has a number of advantages:

the bath can be used not only for the sake of taking procedures that are beneficial to health, but also as a temporary residential facility. Such a combination becomes especially appropriate in the conditions of a summer cottage, where it is not possible to make two buildings separately due to lack of free space;
the construction of one two-story building is more economical and takes less time than the construction of several separate buildings;
It is possible to build such a building both for seasonal living and for year-round use. A sauna with a garage can also be built, which is very practical.

Considering typical projects of a bath with a second floor, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

linear dimensions of the building;
type of foundation;
availability and characteristics of the heating system;
characteristics of the water supply system and sewage disposal;
type of installed stairs;
purpose of the second floor;
the presence in the construction of a swimming pool or bathing room.

Let's consider each of these parameters in more detail. It should be understood what the design of the two floors of the bath should be in order to get a comfortable, reliable and safe building during construction. It is necessary to think over in advance the plan of the bath and adjacent buildings.

Optimal linear dimensions of the building

First of all, when determining the size of the future bath, it is necessary to take into account the estimated number of people who are inside at the same time. For example, if a washing room is needed for a family of 3-4 people, and it will be used only at the end of a couple of weekends, then there is no need to make a huge room at all. And vice versa, if a bathhouse with a residential second floor will be used all year round, as a full-fledged country-type house, then its dimensions should correspond to a modern cottage. In our country, a sauna in a wooden house is a very popular phenomenon.

In such a building, it is worth adhering to the following rules of internal planning:

on the ground floor there is a steam room with a shower room (bath, pool or other washing room), but they can be supplemented with a separate relaxation room, technical rooms or even a small fitness room. A corner bath can be designed, which is also very convenient;
the distribution of rooms on the second floor remains with the owner, but, of course, there should be a bedroom, a kitchen block, possibly a separate dining room and a common living room. But here the owner of the future bath is not limited and, if desired, a balcony or terrace from the street side can even be completed.

Rules for creating a foundation

Choosing the right foundation for a two-story building is very important, since the total weight of the entire structure will be very large, which means that the foundation must be more massive and immersed in the ground than in the case of one-story buildings.

Experts do not recommend paying attention to the columnar foundation, even in cases where a minimum load will be created on it (when building from a foam block or profiled timber). Such a foundation cannot withstand a more significant load, and therefore it is better to take care of safety and pour a concrete monolithic reinforced strip foundation, laying it to a depth below the soil freezing level.

Features of the heating system

If you can heat a one-story bath with a standard stove-heater, then for a two-story building this becomes impossible. It is necessary to create an individual design that will heat the upper level of the building.

It is best, of course, to use gas heating, if there is access to a centralized gas supply. In this case, you can use a gas boiler with the ability to connect two heating system circuits to distribute heated water through pipelines and heating radiators. However, do not forget about bathing traditions by placing a stove-heater in the steam room and bringing its firebox into the dressing room.

Since the article earlier dealt with the construction of a two-story bathhouse on a suburban area, then, most likely, there will simply be no opportunity to supply gas. In this case, you can use a solid fuel boiler in one of its many modifications.

Water supply and sewerage equipment

A two-story building on a suburban area can be provided with water:

by connecting to the central water supply system;
from a drilled well or dug well, from which a pump will pump water into the building.

If precipitation often falls in the region and various spontaneous weather manifestations occur, then it would be reasonable to place a well or a well in a closed structure. It is even possible to create them inside the building at the ground floor level, but then a separate area will have to be allocated for this room.

To divert sewage, it is most reasonable to use a septic tank. Its advantage is that wastewater is treated and can be further used for agricultural purposes.

Types of stairs

In a two-story building, of course, one cannot do without a convenient staircase, which will allow you to quickly and freely move around the floors.

There are two options:

external staircase suitable only for seasonal use of the bath, since moving around it can become difficult and unsafe when wet, iced, etc .;
internal staircase is the best option for year-round operation of the building, as it is located indoors and is not exposed to adverse weather conditions.

Purchase of building materials

It is worth saying that a two-story bath with a balcony or terrace can be built with your own hands. However, this becomes possible only after the right choice of building materials. One of the most popular materials are foam and cinder blocks.

These materials have significant advantages:

their light weight provides a minimum load on the foundation;
blocks can be easily processed: sawed, cut, stabbed or drilled;
the cost of the material is low, and therefore the cost of the entire building is also reduced;
blocks are an environmentally friendly material, and therefore completely safe for humans;
the speed of construction work is high, since individual blocks have precise linear dimensions that simplify their installation.

It can also be used as a building material profiled timber or logs. To date, a bath from a bar with a second floor is really an elite building, but carrying out construction work with lumber is much more difficult and requires special skills from the worker.

The only drawback (condition) in the operation of wood is its immunity to high humidity. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out competent processing of the material and monitor the operating conditions in order to avoid deformations in the first months of the operation of a wooden two-story bath.

Wood also has its positive qualities:

ecological purity of natural material;
light weight;
reduced thermal conductivity;
ease of processing;
reliability and long service life with proper processing with various compounds that protect against natural and other negative factors.

Outcome

Thus, a two-story bathhouse made of timber or foam block will be an ideal option for organizing living and leisure activities in a suburban area. If such a site is planned to be visited more than 1-2 times a month (exclusively for recreation), then you need to take care of the construction of a full-fledged two-story building with all life support systems: heating, water supply, sewerage, etc.

If desired, you can entrust the construction work to specialists who will take responsibility for all stages - from the purchase of building materials to installation and putting the bath into operation.

If the project of a private bath provides for the presence of a full-fledged second floor or attic space, in this case, the installation of a staircase will be required.

A similar design is relevant if the bath is located in a residential building or extension. Given the features and specifics of the structure, the stairs to the bath should have a practical design and be made of reliable and durable materials.

Varieties of bath stairs

Bath stairs can be classified according to several parameters. According to the type of construction, they are:

Single-march. The most affordable and practical option, requiring sufficient space for installation.
L-shaped. They are designed for installation along walls, suitable for overall buildings.
U-shaped. They require preliminary design and installation of the shaft.
Screw . Designs with mounting angles ranging from 260 to 360 degrees. Elements are mounted counterclockwise.
Butterfly (samba). Compact products with a small number of elements, suitable for small buildings.

By the way the structure is located:

outdoor - entrance from the street (for use in the summer);
internal - entrance from any functional premises (for use all year round);
transitional - from a separate building or extension.

The material of manufacture is no less important when choosing a bath ladder. It can be made from:

wood;
artificial or natural stone;
metal;
concrete.

The most popular is a wooden staircase with curved and straight flights.

Marches have a closed and open configuration. In closed mid-flight stairs, special risers are provided - elements that close the existing gap between individual steps.

If a turn is provided in the stairs, it is equipped with a geometric platform (square or rectangular) or triangular steps.

Staircase to enter the bath

The entrance staircase for saunas and baths is a marching straight or rotary design. It is made from a similar material that is used to build a bath.

Stairs for the entrance provide for the preliminary construction of a pile or column type foundation. The most practical and affordable option is a pile foundation on bored piles. Work on the arrangement of the foundation is carried out after shrinkage of the base of the bath.

The foundation is deeply laid. Bored or screw piles are installed below the freezing level of the soil to prevent deformation of the porch.
The foundation is shallow. Concrete posts are installed to a depth of up to 55 cm, and the finished site is fixed to the bath structure with beams and crossbars.

If an entrance to the second floor is provided from the street, the same design requirements are met here:

the angle of inclination of the stairs - up to 50 degrees;
tread width - from 30 to 36 cm;
riser height - from 16 to 21 cm;
the length of the steps is from 75 to 100 cm.

The site is fixed on bowstrings or stringers. A transverse crossbar is attached to the beams mounted in the wall structures under the kosour or bowstring.

Interfloor staircase in the bath

For quick access to the attic, attic or second floor, a separate staircase is provided in the bath.

When choosing and installing a structure, the following factors should be considered:

The stairs to the second floor must provide a reliable ascent and descent from the lower floor to the upper one. The right solution would be a traditional staircase of marches of a suitable design.
To save space, the exit from the stairs is along a free wall.
If the premises on the second floor are rarely used, then it is more profitable to install attic ladders of a retractable or folding design.
The rotary and spiral staircase in the bathhouse to the second floor is less practical and functional for permanent use, but in a small building it will save usable space. In this case, the design can have a different modification, the main thing is to take into account the dimensions of the bath.

Calculation of the size of the stairs

The basic calculations take into account the distance between the floor level of the first and second floors. The ceiling height value is added to the height of the slab base and the thickness of the materials used to finish the floor on the top floor.

Determining the number of steps: the distance between the floors of the first and second floors is divided by the standard rise height - 16 cm. The resulting value is rounded.

Example: the distance between the floors is 285 cm, the lift height is 16 cm. Total: 285/16 = 17.8 (18) cm. The finished structure should consist of 18 steps.

Definition of the lifting step: 285 / 18 \u003d 15.8 cm. This is an acceptable value for a person of average and above average height.

The resulting dimensions of the steps for the stairs are checked by the following formula: lifting step × 2 + step width.

Example: pitch - 158 mm, step width - 320 mm. Total: 158 mm × 2 + 320 mm = 636 mm. The value corresponds to the norm in the range from 590 to 655 mm.

Otherwise, you need to correct the dimensions of individual elements.

The minimum allowable width of the ladder structure is 0.8 m, the standard width is 1 m.

After carrying out all the miscalculations and obtaining the finished dimensions of the structure, you can select materials, prepare tools and proceed to the independent manufacture of stairs.

Manufacturing technology of the bath stairs on stringers

The installation of steps on stringers is carried out on a special ledge of a wooden profile, therefore, it requires minimal carpentry skills. Assembly work is carried out as follows:

A template is being prepared from cardboard for the future step of the required size and slope.
Kosours are made of dense wood.
To connect the stringer with the overlap, notches and markings for the step template are applied along the edges.
According to the marking, protrusions are made, carefully cleaned with a grinding tool.
An additional recess is made for fixing to the beam, metal supports are installed.
The beam is fixed with anchors strictly along the line of the lowest step.
Mounting the kosour at an angle, additional fixation with anchors.
Production of steps from a board with a thickness of 3.5 cm, risers - from 2.5 cm. Careful grinding of workpieces.
The lower part of the stringer is treated with carpentry glue to fix the risers.
Additionally, each part is fixed with self-tapping screws, steps are mounted.
At the end, railings with decorative elements are installed. The handrails are fixed in compliance with the general slope of the stairs.

The technology of assembling a bath staircase on bowstrings

Do-it-yourself assembly of the ladder structure using bowstrings is performed as follows:

The necessary measurements are taken to determine the dimensions of the stairs and its individual elements.
Brass gauges for stairs are installed in a joiner's square. A line of riser and steps is applied.
With the help of a calibrator and applied lines, the contour of the future bowstring for each step is marked.
The calibrator is removed after drawing the final element. Edge cuts are made with a circular saw.
The middle is cut out with a hand saw, the finished part is placed on the material with the contour designation.
Three bowstrings are made - middle and edge.
The height of the lower riser should be less than the thickness of one step.
At the junction of the platform with all the steps, a plywood sheet is mounted.
The places where the bowstrings are fixed to the plywood are marked.
Risers of the same size are made and mounted to the bowstrings on screws.
Further, steps are fixed to the structure with glue and screws.
A rack is installed under the railing in compliance with the inclination of the stairs. Handrails are mounted to the structure on nails.
The finished staircase is cleaned of dust and varnished.

Below are diagrams to help with installation.

It is important to make the stairs as safe as possible, since in conditions of high humidity and sudden changes in temperature, you can slip when going up or down. And, of course, you should not save on protective solutions, otherwise the design will not last long.

Bath ladder is a stylish and practical design, which should be distinguished by reliability, durability and at the same time be in harmony with any interior style of the premises.

You need to think about the location of the stairs even at the construction stage. Changing the finished interior is much more difficult to implement, and the price of this service is much higher than the usual installation of a flight of stairs.

The staircase in the bath connects not only the steam room with the dressing room, but can serve as an exit to the porch or to the attic. If the house and the bath are located very close, then it is quite possible to tie them together. The stairs leading from the bathhouse to the second and first floors will allow you and your guests to quickly move from one room to another.

There are many options to save space. The spiral staircase in the bath will not take up much space, and at the same time will add beauty and some uniqueness to the interior decoration.

Order a ladder for a bath

Stairs for outdoor and indoor baths can become a real decoration. "Ladder Pro" is ready to decorate your stairs with any additional elements. Figured design of pillars, balusters and bowstrings will make your staircase one of the most beautiful places in the house. Pine, which is the main raw material for manufacturing, is perfectly processed, which makes it possible to realize the most daring fantasies of the client.

You can buy a ladder to the bathhouse made of wood, metal, concrete or glass using the contacts that you can find on the official page "Ladder Pro". Here you are offered a large selection of ready-made flights of stairs, you can also order an individual project.

In addition to the stairs to the bathhouse on the 2nd floor, you can buy all the accessories from us - bowstrings, steps, balusters, forged and carved railings. A large selection of styles will give you a wide range of choices. Here you will find everything: modern glass products that make the room brighter, classic wooden stairs, which are in constant demand by the buyer. Turning to us, you will get the best that is on the market of Moscow and Moscow region! "Ladder Pro" - climb higher with us!

If the bath is designed with rooms on the second floor or if the building has an attic, steps will be needed to equip it. Given the specifics of this room, choosing stairs for a bath is not always easy.

Features of staircase structures for a bath

When equipping a bath, you should take into account the following aspects of the staircase structure:

Dimensions;
Tilt angle;
Material resistance to high humidity;
Safety;
The stylistic direction of the room.

The first and most important condition is the compactness of the steps. However, this should not interfere with compliance with safety regulations. According to the regulations, the minimum width of the march should be 1 m, and the width of the feet should be at least 20 cm. As for the angle of inclination, an angle of 45º is considered optimal.

Stair configurations may vary. A simple and reliable solution is a straight single-flight ladder. There are more intricate options: a turning march with winder steps or a design with an intermediate platform. However, it is not recommended to install a spiral staircase in the bath, despite its originality and compactness.

To save space, goose step stairs are suitable. Due to the different width of the treads, it becomes more compact.

It is important that the steps meet the style requirements of the building and do not stand out from the general style. It is better to install a flight of stairs made of wood in a bath in a traditional style or made in the spirit of minimalism. As for metal structures, they will fit into high-tech or techno styles. For non-traditional Turkish baths, stone steps will be a harmonious solution.

Materials for flights of stairs

What material is the staircase in the bath made of? We must not forget about the high level of humidity in this room. If we are talking about a wooden structure, you should pay attention to rocks that are resistant to decay. Among them are larch, ash, wenge.

If the owners settled on metal steps, stainless steel is most suitable. It is not subject to corrosion and deformation, therefore it can be used in a damp room. Turkish bath owners will need a solid stone staircase. Among the materials, granite and artificial stone can be distinguished. When choosing the latter, it is recommended to combine it with a concrete base.

Additional ladder structures

If there are shelves and an attic, additional structures may be needed. This applies to mini ladders for high shelves. If there is such a structure made of wood, it must be well processed so that there are no notches on the crossbars. At the same time, it should not be slippery to avoid injury. If the bath has an attic, you can install a folding or retractable ladder.

How to equip a sauna in a bath - video

The attic room of the bath is often used as a utility room for storing brooms or a rest room. To access the second floor, a compact wooden staircase is usually constructed. You can build it on bowstrings or stringers with your own hands.

Content:

To climb to the second floor or attic in the bath, they install a production (collapsible) staircase or build a structure with their own hands. In the latter case, it is necessary not only to build it correctly, but also to correctly calculate the angle of inclination, dimensions, type of steps. The ladder for the bath should be compact, comfortable and safe. Calculate its location so that the exit to the second floor is near the wall. So you can significantly save space and expand the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe dressing room.

Types of wooden stairs for a bath

Often, to enter a room or on a porch, a small structure is built on several steps. It is optimal to build it according to the calculations recommended by GOST:

tilt angle - less than 45 degrees;
step length - 80-100 cm;
lifting step - from 17 cm;
width - from 30 cm.

For the construction of the entrance stairs to the bath, pine or larch is considered the best option. At the same time, they must be treated with antifungal impregnation. Such structures are installed on a columnar or pile foundation.

The staircase in the bathhouse to the second floor can be made in various modifications:

Direct single-march. The simplest option, however, requires a large installation space.
U-shaped. For its construction, it is necessary to design mines in advance in the room.
L-shaped. They can be designed along one or two walls.
screw. Designed at an angle from 270 to 360 degrees. It must be installed counterclockwise, since most people start lifting with their right foot.
Samba or goose step. Compact, but rather inconvenient.

Before you start building a bath with your own hands, you need to decide on the materials of manufacture. For bath structures most often used:

stainless steel. The metal ladder is not deformed and does not corrode. At the same time, it is easy to install and economical.
Granite or artificial stone based on concrete. Model for Turkish baths.
Wood. Traditional material for Russian baths.

We will focus on the construction of a wooden staircase.

IMPORTANT: wooden components for stairs must be moisture resistant. They must be treated with impregnation to protect against fungus, decay and insects.

For a sauna staircase made of wood, it is best suited: teak (about 500 rubles per step), larch (from 12 thousand rubles per cubic meter), ash (from 30 thousand rubles per cubic meter), wenge (about 100 thousand rubles per cubic meter), pine ( from 100 rubles per linear meter), oak (from 18 thousand per cubic meter), spruce (from 6.5 thousand rubles). Wood for stairs is used with a thickness of 4-5 cm. It must be carefully polished. It should not be slippery, but also without roughness.

Then we make approximate calculations. Here are a few key points to keep in mind:

It is undesirable to do more than three or four winder steps.
The width of the steps must be designed according to the length of the foot.
The size of the opening must be calculated so as not to hit your head during the descent.

Instructions for the construction of stairs on stringers for a bath

Stair structures are built on stringers and bowstrings. In the first case, each step is placed on a ledge of a sawtooth profile. This method requires certain carpentry and carpentry skills. Work is performed in the following sequence:

We choose hard and dense wood for the manufacture of stringers.
We cut out a step shape template from thick cardboard with the appropriate size and slope.
To connect the stringers with the top floor and the base, we make special grooves and markings according to the prepared template at the ends.
By marking, we cut out the protrusions with a jigsaw and process them with a grinding machine.
We cut out a recess for fasteners in the floor beam and mount metal supports.
We fix the support beam with anchors along the line of the bottom step.
We install the stringers at the desired angle. We fix them from below and from above with anchors.
For steps we use boards from 3.6 cm thick, for risers - from 2 cm.
We cut and grind each workpiece.
We lubricate the lower cutout of the stringer with wood glue or PVA to prevent squeaking. Exactly along the edges we apply the elements of the risers.
We fix the parts with self-tapping screws and install steps above them.
After laying all the steps, we mount the railing. For the manufacture of racks, you can use figured wooden blanks. We mount the railing handrails along a clearly corresponding slope of the stairs.

The erection of stairs on bowstrings in the bath

Mounting steps on bowstrings is much easier. It is possible to independently build such a modification, adhering to the following plan:

We make measurements of the height from the floor of the room to the top of the future stairs. We round the number and divide it by 18, we get the desired number of risers.
We fix the brass ladder gauges on the joiner's square in pre-calculated places.
We check the material of the bowstring so that it is straight, and put a square on it evenly. We draw a riser line and, without moving the tool, draw a step line.
Using the calibrators and lines, draw the outline of the bowstring until all the steps are drawn.
We remove the calibrators from the square when drawing the last element.
Using a circular saw, make cuts along the edges.
We cut out the middle with a sharp hand saw, apply the resulting part to the material and draw a contour.
We make two edge and one middle bowstring.
We adjust the height of the lower riser so that it is shorter by one step thickness.
We attach a plywood sheet where the landing connects to the steps.
We make marks for installing the bowstring and fasten it to the plywood.
We cut out the same risers and fasten them with screws to the bowstrings.
We attach the steps with screws and glue to prevent creaking and increase strength.
For a general connection, we attach the upper step with screws to the plywood part.
We mount the railing post in a vertical position and attach it with screws.
We install the railings so that they repeat the angle of inclination of the stairs, and fasten them sequentially with screws.
We assemble the handrails (railings) with nails and fasten fasteners to the stair structure.
We attach the railing above the last crossbar, observing the correct slope.
We prime and varnish the surface.

Do-it-yourself spiral staircase for a bath

The technology for constructing a spiral staircase is distinguished by more in-depth calculations. To correctly build such a structure, you should do it according to the following scheme:

We make winder steps without risers. This will provide additional convenience when lifting.
We design the step so that in the center its width is from 20 cm, and 15 cm from the racks is not less than 10 cm.
We calculate the diameter of the structure from two meters, and the length of the steps - from 80 cm.
We leave the height of the passage to the upper turn from 2 m.
We use a thick-walled pipe made of stainless metal with a diameter of 5 cm or more as a supporting element. We install it strictly vertically at the very beginning of work. This will increase the strength of the stairs.
We fasten the main support to the wooden floor with fasteners and anchors. If the floor is cement, then we concrete it using extensions.
We drill a hole (with the diameter of the rack) in the narrow part of the tread to fix the step. For the installation of each element, we use bushings with the appropriate height.
To prevent deformation of the step, we place a washer between the tread and the bushing. Its thickness is important to consider when designing the height of the sleeve. Otherwise, the staircase will turn out to be much higher than it was designed.
We determine the length of the steps in accordance with the size of the rise in the ceiling. To calculate their number, the height of the entire structure is divided by the height of the opening between them. It should be from 18 to 20 cm, excluding the thickness of the step.
We install steps with a slight overlap. We fix the structure with brackets between the edges of the wide part.
We mount the final step on the floor with fasteners.
We install the railing posts vertically to the steps and attach the handrails to them at the angle of the base of the stairs.
We carry out decorative finishing.

With the help of this step-by-step instruction and a photo of the bath stairs, you can perform all the work quickly and efficiently, the process is shown in more detail in the video:

The ladder in the bath is a compromise between convenience, safety and compactness. Remember that before you make a ladder in the bath, you need to draw up a thorough project. A high-quality staircase should not only be reliable, but also fit well into the interior of the room. If you are not sure that you can make your own design that meets all standards, you can pick up a ready-to-install option in the store.