In individual housing construction, when building a water supply system, surface pumps for water wells and wells. When a water supply system is built on the basis of a well, pumping stations equipped with a relay unit and a membrane tank make it possible to build a system with quick-detachable equipment. Such equipment can be used seasonally, or you can even put it under lock and key every time you leave the country, or take it with you.
In the case of using a well, a similar usage pattern can also be built. However, it has a number of features that should be considered when using surface stations as pumping equipment.
Into the well, in view of it design features, water from the sandy aquifer enters gradually. The main volume of water in the well is from 4 to 20 tons. This amount of water allows solid impurities to settle to the bottom. In the subsurface layer, well water is relatively free of solids.
In a well, the situation is somewhat different. In the cavern of the well, with increased pumping, water enters from the aquifer with a large pressure. The volume of the cavity is small, because the sand brought by water has virtually nowhere to settle. Sand is sucked up by pumping equipment.
In which wells can a surface pump be used?
One more moment. In deep wells, a surface pumping station will not work. For these purposes, a submersible borehole pump is more suitable. The surface station can be used in shallow wells, comparable in depth to ordinary wells - 8-12 meters. We must not forget that just like from a well, from a well you need not only to raise water, but also to supply it to the house, sometimes to the second and third floors.
We discussed the difference between a shallow well and an ordinary well in the previous paragraph. It turns out that at the same depth in the same area, the well will not “give out” water with sand, but the well will. We will have to select a pumping station for the well, which is guaranteed to work in such conditions.
Now let's move on to the question of which pump is best for a sand well in these conditions. It is worth stopping at the option that has the following characteristics:
- Increased capacity to allow scheduling a 20-30 percent redundancy for adverse conditions.
- Increased throughput and, as a result, increased cross-sections of all through holes and pipelines.
- Basic equipment of a dry-running relay in case of clogging of the sand filter.
- Sand filter complete with built-in separator.
- Possibility of easy replacement of the filter on the supply pipeline.
Not every pumping station suitable for working with a tubular well, the trunk of which is saturated with sand. However, almost any station can be used by providing its supply line with a sand filter and inserting an additional filter with flushing between the electric motor and the membrane tank.
Why can't a washable filter be used in front of the station's electric motor? Because in this case, a clogged filter will reduce pressure and eventually the engine will burn out.
Why is it necessary to put a washable filter in front of the membrane tank? Because if you put a filter after the tank, after 1-2 months of operation you will have a non-working membrane tank completely clogged with sand.
The washable filter is good because it can be cleaned by draining the pulp (sand with water) through the drain hole with a tap. Filters with a transparent housing now available allow you to visually monitor the condition of the filter and the amount of sand deposited in it.
If the mesh is too fine, the pump motor will not be able to create the necessary pressure in the water supply system behind the filter.
Of course, the cost of a washable filter is an order of magnitude higher than that of filter replacement elements. But it does not need to be changed, it is enough to wash it.
The cost of the simplest washable filter starts from 1500 rubles.
Which surface pumps can be used
So, surface pumps for a well for water with sand must be of increased power, must have a sufficient electric motor resource and must be equipped with a sand filter. Surface pumps for sandy water wells can also be optionally equipped with washable filters that protect the station itself and plumbing system houses where water enters the tapping points.
For advice on surface pumps for use in shallow wells, .
Submersible pumps in sand wells
A few words about submersible pumps that can be used in deep wells. What is the best pump for a sand well? One that is able to "digest" water with sand and supply it upward to the water pressure unit. Already here, at the top, it is possible to organize filtration and removal of sand from the water coming from the submersible pump.
There are domestic and imported pumps on sale, which are designed to work in such conditions. Several types of Aquarius pumps, and the well-known Brook, are capable of supplying water with sand to the surface without harm to themselves.
Why not put a sand filter in front of a submersible pump in a well? Because in case of clogging, you will have to raise to the surface both the filter and the pump, and 8-10 meters of the supply pipeline.
In the case when the filter element is on the surface, it will be enough just to rinse it.
Well pumping
Another case when you need a pump that can "digest" water with sand is pumping any well after drilling. At this moment it happens final formation well caverns, and for further successful use, its pumping is required.
How to choose sand from the well at this stage? The best option- Pump out. Can be used surface station if the well is shallow, or a submersible pump. If the well has a depth of 15-20 meters.
If you decide to equip your own water intake source (well) and at the same time drill it into the first aquifer (and these are, as a rule, sand wells), then you will have to think carefully about choosing a pump. Since pumping water contaminated with sand is not within the power of every unit. Even the smallest grains of sand from the bottom of the source, accidentally falling into the pump, can disable it forever. And standard flushing of equipment will not help here.
What types of pumps will be best for a sand source and how to choose the right device, we understand below.
In order to understand the purpose for which a pump for a source of this type is so carefully selected, it is not superfluous, but even better, to know its device. So, the aquifer in this case is a sand deposit. And since the porosity of the sand is quite high, the mobility of the sand grains is also high. That is, during the movement of water in the reservoir and when it enters the well, as well as under the influence of a forced device (in our case deep pump) the sand will rise and fall into the pumped water. Thus, the supply of dirty water to the water supply system is not ruled out.
But this is not the biggest problem. Much worse is the fact that the motor of the pump that pumps dirty water with sand, just can not withstand such loads long time, and burn. In this case, the deep unit is not subject to repair. Now weigh: are you ready to pay a tidy sum again for a new pump and at the same time know that the cause of the breakdown of an expensive device was negligence when choosing a pump?
Important: in order to provide additional protection of water and pumping equipment from sand, when arranging a well bottom, professionals form a natural filter from fine crushed stone and pebbles. This allows you to stop the washing and movement of sand in the well. Here at the end casing pipe install a strainer.
vibration pump
The use of this type of submersible equipment for sand wells is highly discouraged. Firstly, the device itself, according to its technical indicators, does not accept the processing of dirty water.
And, secondly, the oscillatory movements of the pump in the well will simply create ideal conditions for the movement of grains of sand in water. In addition, there is a risk of partial or complete sanding of the well, which will require its thorough flushing and pumping with the help of professionals.
Surface pump
Although this type of unit is suitable for working in shallow wells (up to 8-9 meters deep), it cannot process dirty water. Even the smallest percentage of inclusion of sand in water can disable the unit once and for all. Moreover, this sensitivity to various components in water is inherent in both a vortex and a centrifugal unit.
Important: surface pumps - perfect solution for a small suburban area and wells (wells) with a low flow rate.
Benefits of a centrifugal pump
The ideal solution for a sand well is a submersible centrifugal pump. Its ability to pump water with inclusions of sand, silt or clay allows you to be calm for the unit.
A distinctive feature of such a submersible unit is its ability to pump dirty water with sand and other small inclusions. So, for some centrifugal-type models, the following indicators are relevant:
- Submersible pump "Vodomet" from the manufacturer "Dzhileks" - 150 g / m3;
- Deep pump "Aquarius" from the same manufacturer - from 150 g / m3 and above.
Moreover, user reviews indicate that such models of pumps successfully pump dirty water with the inclusion of sand in it up to 1.5 kg / m3.
Important: and yet you should not experiment and let the equipment wear out. It is better to ensure reliable bottomhole filtration before installing the pump.
Advantages of screw pump
Another type of quality pumping equipment for pumping dirty water. Such a unit works on the principle of the Archimedes screw familiar to everyone (a similar screw is installed in all models of meat grinders).
It is known that the ability of a screw submersible pump to pump sand sometimes led to the fact that rather long “sausages” of clay and sand rose from the bottom of the well. And manufacturers of such equipment guarantee that the pump can pump water with a sand content of up to 2 kg / m3.
It is noteworthy that screw-type submersible pumps can be mounted both in shallow wells and at a fairly large depth (up to 300 meters). In this case, the performance of the unit will be constant.
And one more thing: if you doubt the correctness of your choice and do not know which unit is better to buy, then consult with professionals. Since before buying a pump (surface or submersible), in any case, you need to know such parameters as:
- Average daily volume of water consumed per family (house);
- Well depth;
- Source casing diameter;
- Well flow rate.
Only in this case you will be able to choose the most optimal pump model for your sand well.
Screw pumps are one of the ways to solve the problem of water supply, which is suitable for a private house, a small farm. These unpretentious devices become the only way out if there is a lot of sand in the well. Equipment of this type works even when the well is very sandy or silted, it lifts water with sand, as well as sand with water, without breaking or clogging. Therefore, for weak wells, Abyssinian wells screw pumps for water reliable option, which depends little on the state of the source.
One of the types of screw pump in the context
Advantage of screw pumps
The ability to pump water from big amount inclusions is provided by the special structure of the internal part of the device.
To understand how a borehole screw pump works, it is enough to consider an ordinary kitchen meat grinder, where the main part - a screw or auger - rotates and promotes minced meat or other consistency. In the pump, it is placed in a rubber sheath, connected to the engine by means of a cardan shaft. Devices designed for pumping large volumes have rigid shells and are able to withstand significant pressure. 
When the shaft rotates, the screw moves, which follows the developed trajectory - the turns of the screw and the rubberized inner surface form cavities that constantly rise to the supply hose or pipe.
The liquid moves into the chamber, the pressure forces it to continue moving upwards, rarefaction areas continue to form in the inlet pipe, which ensures a uniform supply of water from the well.
The design eliminates the reverse movement of water, and also allows the mechanism to cope even with viscous inclusions (this expands the scope of the device - it is used for pumping various substances with varying degrees of viscosity)
If you carefully examine the sample (or, again, a meat grinder), you can see that there is no place for sand or other inclusions to get stuck or linger - they rise along with the liquid flow.
This design gives undeniable advantage before equipment for moving water of vortex and centrifugal types, since it is screw pumps for wells that prolong the life of a water source and ultimately save a significant amount.
According to the classification, screw pumps are self-priming devices with a multistage structure. The developed lines of compact models make viable even weak wells with a minimum diameter.
The choice of the optimal equipment is influenced by where it will be installed. For installation in a well, samples are suitable that are attached to the wall of the well shaft.
When installing in a well, it is easier - you need a sample with a strong cable. For suitable at home model designed for standard voltage.
Types of screw structures
Such devices are single-screw or multi-screw. For individual use, a single-screw design is usually used, this is enough to provide a house or a small household with water.
To in drinking water there was no sand, a coarse filter with a cell is installed on the inlet pipe, which traps particles with a large diameter
In the figure, the filter is already put on the pump
If necessary, the resulting water is filtered - subjected to fine purification.
Water analysis is carried out to determine the need for additional filtration.
Rules for the operation of the screw pump
In addition to stable performance, independent of water quality, the borehole screw pump allows self-installation.
An internal structure in which there is literally nothing to break, along with quality materials get rid of worries about solving the problem for a long time - the screw version has been working for at least 10 years, without reminding of itself and without requiring much attention.
- The screw pump for the well is cooled during operation - this is done by the pumped liquid. Thanks to this, the screw moves smoothly, no additional seals are required. The engine is located below the inlets, this protects it, natural cooling occurs
- In addition, the design makes the operation of the device almost silent - it is not audible, even if the well is located within the house
- The well will keep working longer, as there is no vibration that affects the source
- Even in case of breakdowns and malfunctions, it is quite possible to replace parts on your own - the design is so simple that a person without special skills can do it
- A screw submersible pump can work not only in wells - there are no requirements for the position of the device: it is located horizontally and vertically. This allows you to freely use it when pumping water from rivers, reservoirs, other containers and sources.
Disadvantages of screw pumps
With versatility and incredible reliability, screw pumps have disadvantages - a very short list:
- A durable screw well pump is expensive - there are cheap options, but their cheapness is relative. This is due to the technological complexity of its production.
There are affordable models, but they are short-lived - for one or two seasons, so if you plan to install for a long time, it is better to consider the products of firms, Russian or foreign with a price of $ 200 and appropriate quality - An idle screw pump for a well is not able to work - it will fail
- The amount of liquid supplied cannot be adjusted.
Downhole installation
The installation of a screw pump in a well is standard, there are no special features. This is an elongated cylinder with a cable in the upper part, connected by a power cable, depending on the design of the cables, there may be several. A hose or pipe for supplying water of the appropriate length is attached to the outlet pipe.
When installing, the depth at which the submersible screw pump will be placed is calculated; after measurements, a mark is placed on the cable or cable.
Some pumps are equipped with float switches, so before installation, you should study the instructions, if it is provided, connect it.
It is important to securely fasten the cable, if the equipment breaks and falls into the well, it will be difficult and expensive to get it
indicator correct installation is quiet operation, without noise, vibration, knocking.
Brief overview of screw pump manufacturers
Almost all manufacturers have a range of electric pumps of this type.
- The products of the Ukrainian manufacturer "Aquarius" are popular. Narrow, suitable for wells with a small diameter (at least 10 cm), relatively inexpensive. Withstands use in harsh environments
- "Belamos" (Belarusian brand) - stainless steel models, often equipped with additional thermal protection of the engine. You can use a device with any power. There are options suitable for small casing diameters
- Unipump (Chinese manufacturer) is a cheap, reliable option for springs and wells where low performance equipment is recommended. Even if at the same time a well or a well gives water with a large amount of sand and impurities, this does not have any effect on the operation of the pump. This is a well-known company whose goal is to provide consumers with affordable workable equipment. Judging by customer reviews, in most cases the manufacturer succeeds
- Grundfos is an expensive brand under which quality equipment is supplied. There are models with a diameter of 75 mm or more, suitable for low-productivity wells and wells, they pump water up to 55 meters. Other screw pumps are presented, capable of operating in various wells with different capacities.
Conclusion
If the water in the well Bad quality, with sand and silt - a submersible screw pump will solve the problem. It is able to lift water with sand without failing at the same time, and is also used to clean silted and clogged wells.
Buying not even the cheapest screw equipment will cost less than drilling a new well.
Borehole pumps for water with sand allow you to get purified and quality water. Thanks to own water source the owner of the site will not depend on the centralized water supply.
Sand wells are the most common sources, as they are located on the first layer. This design requires careful selection of the pump. The resulting water will initially be heavily polluted with sand, so not every unit will be able to pump it efficiently. This will create an additional load on the pump, so the sand source requires the use of special powerful equipment.
The aquifer is represented by sand deposits. The porosity of the material is large, and therefore the mobility of each grain of sand is also high. Sandy water flow creates an additional load on the pump. The device cannot pump dirty water for a long time, so it burns out quickly. It is beyond repair. What to do in such a situation? The reasons for the rapid failure of equipment is a poor-quality pump.
Specialists in the field of water supply have developed a methodology additional protection water and equipment from sand. When arranging hydraulic structure a natural filter of fine crushed stone or pebbles is used. This good way inhibition of any washing or movement of sand in the entire well. For greater efficiency, a mesh look filter.
Machine description
The sand pump is a single-stage and centrifugal equipment. The main task of this design is the pumping of abrasive slurries, waters with various impurities. But for effective pumping, a liquid must have certain properties.
The pumped solution must have:
- certain temperature (+5…60°С);
- density up to 1300 kg/m³;
- content of solid inclusions (up to 25%);
- maximum microhardness up to 9,000 MPa.
Feedback on such pumps is positive. The sand aggregate is able to work for a long time. It is used in metallurgy, mining, construction enterprises. Such an installation is easily used to clean the trench. A pump for pumping silt or sand can simultaneously perform several tasks:
- clean the trench for its subsequent filling;
- remove sludge, silt, clay, waste;
- clean caissons during construction work;
- restore coastal areas;
- pump out marble dust;
- purify various reservoirs;
- extract sandy elements from the bottom of the reservoir;
- pump out sand from various wells and wells;
- destroy gold mining tailings.
The pump cannot be used for pumping, pumping water and other cleaning work in fire and explosive conditions.
Aggregate classification
Taking into account the throughput of solid particles, pumps are divided into several types:
- gummed - pass particles up to 2 mm;
- corundum - particles up to 1 mm;
- wear-resistant structures made of cast iron pass particles of clay, sand, silt up to 6 mm.
Another classification reflects the location of the shaft (vertical, horizontal). Type P units are console horizontal structures. They are used for pumping or pumping ore beneficiation products. The robust part is made of wear-resistant cast iron. Devices maintain solution density up to 1300 kg/m³. The admissible height of the cavitation reserve is 2 m. The designer must not fall below this height.
Units of type PB (pumps from a well) are either horizontal or console format. But such centrifugal installations allow you to have a cavitation reserve of up to 5 m - these are their main feature and advantage.
The PR model from a well is distinguished by the presence of a corundum main part of the flow path. Often it is on an organic ligament. Types of pumps from the well PKVP, PRVP - cantilever, but vertical structures. This is a submersible view of installations, the supports of which are outside the pumping of liquid. Industrial model EZG slurry pump is the most advanced pump from the well, the durable part of which is wear-resistant rubber.
Surface and submersible units: pros and cons
The pump can be surface or submersible. What is their difference? Surface view - a powerful design that has a rotor. The main task is to pump water or sludge by sucking them through the working chamber. Such a borehole pump can lift slurry from a depth of up to 10 m. The advantages of such a pump:
- easy transportation of liquids over long distances;
- reliability.
Such installations have a number of disadvantages:
- high level of noise and vibration;
- inability to use if the well is deep and wide.
A dredging well slurry pump is a submersible model designed to pump water specifically for a well or well. Before starting work, the structure is immersed under the very thickness of the water. She is there until the completion of all work. Such a device quickly and efficiently pumps water with sand. The advantage lies in working at serious depths of a well or well. The exact data and characteristics are individual, depending on the brand of the manufacturer and model of the equipment.
Design advantages:
- the electric pump has small size and weight;
- can work for a long time without maintenance;
- can be used in deep wells;
- high performance and efficiency;
- the presence of protection against drainage;
- can work in automatic mode when working with great content sand in the water.
Surface pumps are used for dirty water. Drilling is carried out from the depth of work and cost.
This unit is suitable for operation at shallow depths (up to 8 m).
Other types of pumps
The vibrating pump is a submersible equipment that is not applicable to sand wells. Its technical indicators do not imply the processing of dirty water. There is a risk of partial or complete sanding of the installation. This requires thorough flushing and pumping with the help of professionals.
The centrifugal installation is a submersible mechanism. Its action is based on the injection of water into the outlet due to the rotation of the working blades. The main role in this functioning is played by centrifugal force, while water is supplied with high pressure from the well to the water intake pipe.
Experts advise using submersible centrifugal devices for water with sand. Their feature lies in the good ability to pump dirty water. The performance of these designs include pumping fluid with inclusions. But you should not experiment on your own with the endurance of the unit.
The screw submersible pump is capable of pumping sand. It works on the principle of Archimedes (the work of a meat grinder). Submersible pump screw type is easily mounted in deep wells (up to 300 m). Before purchasing it, you need to study the following parameters:
- average daily volume of water consumed by families;
- well depth;
- parameters of the casing pipe of the source itself;
- well flow rate.
Based on these data, the user can choose a device that is suitable for the planned water well.
In everyday life and production, it is often necessary to pump out water. This may be necessary, for example, to clean reservoirs, wells or wells.
But you don't always have to deal with clean water, without impurities, sand, silt and other deposits: when it becomes necessary to pump out water with various kinds of inclusions, sand pumps will help to cope with this task perfectly.
1 What is a sand pump?
The sand pump is a pumping equipment: it is single-stage, cantilever with an impeller (open) of one-way entry centrifugal pumps. Its main task is to pump various kinds, including sandy, abrasive slurries, ore beneficiation products, as well as alumina production, water mixed with clay, silt, etc. However, there are certain restrictions on physical and chemical properties the fluid that needs to be pumped or cleaned.
Indicators that the pumped solution should have:
- The temperature can be from 5ºC and not exceed 60ºC.
- Density of pumped liquid up to 1300 kg/m³.
- The concentration of solids (inclusions) should not exceed 25%.
- The maximum size of these same inclusions can reach up to 10 mm, no more.
- The maximum microhardness is 9000 MPa.
It is better to pay attention to these indicators, since if they are observed pump equipment will work most efficiently and for a long time.
1.1 Applications
The main areas of application of this type of pumps are metallurgical, mining, construction and other industries, while this is not an exhaustive list of areas where it can be useful.
The silt and sand pump can perform the following tasks:
- for cleaning and subsequent filling of trenches (when laying cables, pipelines, etc.);
- removal of sludge, silt, settled dirt, clay, Wastewater, various types of household and industrial waste;
- for cleaning caissons during construction work;
- restoration of coastal zones;
- marble dust pumping;
- for cleaning various kinds of reservoirs;
- extraction of sand from the bottom of the ocean;
- the pump is also suitable for pumping sand from a well and a well;
- this drainage pump can be useful in the destruction of gold mining tailings, to improve the operation of the well in ball mills;
- on treatment facilities, for the collection well of concentration plants, as well as in order to remove materials from settling tanks.
This pumping equipment is not intended for pumping, pumping water and other works for cleaning in fire and explosion hazardous conditions.
2 What types of sand pumps are there?
The protection of the flow path determines the division of pumps by type, and also demonstrates the maximum allowable size solids that the pump can pass:
- Gummed (PR) Particle size up to 2 mm.
- Corundated (PC) Particles with a diameter of 1 mm.
- Created from wear-resistant cast iron (types P and Pb). Pumps of this kind are capable of passing particles of clay, silt, sand and other substances up to 6 mm in size.
Depending on how the shaft is located, horizontal and vertical pumps are distinguished. Horizontal models include models of types PR, P, PB, as well as PK, while vertical models include PKVP and PRVP.
- Type P pumps are console horizontal single-stage pumps with an impeller for one-way inlet. These centrifugal samples are used for pumping and pumping products obtained as a result of ore dressing and alumina production. The material from which the solid part is made is wear-resistant cast iron. Solution density up to 1300 kg/m³. Permissible cavitation reserve-height below which the designer cannot fall is 2.0 m.
- The pump type PB is also horizontal and cantilever. But at the same time, centrifugal pumps of the PB type allow you to have a cavitation reserve of 5.0 m.
- PR differs from previous models in that the main part of the flow part is lined with corundum on an organic binder.
- Pumps of PKVP and PRVP types are also cantilever pumps, but at the same time they are vertical. They are submersible with supports outside the pumping of water or other liquid.
The strong part in PRVP consists of wear-resistant rubber, and in PKVP - corundum lining with an organic binder.
2.1 Surface and immersion models
Downhole (in particular, sand) drainage pump in its structure can be both surface and submersible.
In the first case, it is a powerful device with a rotor that pumps water or sludge by sucking it through the working chamber. Such pumps are capable of lifting slurry at a depth of up to 10 meters.
Advantages of surface pumping equipment:
- the ability to transport liquids over sufficiently long distances;
- the possibility of continuous long-term work;
- high degree of reliability, as there is no need for immersion in an aggressive water environment.
Flaws:
- high noise level;
- the impossibility of the pump to work deeper than 10 meters.
As for submersible models, this is equipment designed to pump water directly to a well or from a well. During operation, they are immersed under the very thickness of the water and left there until the completion of the process of pumping the well.
A device of this type is more productive than the previous type. Also, their advantage is the ability to work at more serious depths of a well or well ( exact specifications depending on the specific manufacturer and model of pumping equipment).
Strengths of submersible pumps:
- small size and weight;
- long-term use without maintenance is possible;
- high performance;
- dry protection;
- it is possible to use in automatic mode for a drainage well;
Which type of pump to choose - surface or submersible - depends on the depth at which you are going to work (the process of cleaning, pumping, etc.), at what speed you need to carry out these works. The issue of price is also important, as immersed samples are more expensive.
2.2 How does a screw well pump work?
The screw borehole drainage pump is a type of submersible pump that specializes in pumping water from a well (hence the name), and is one of the most popular examples of sand pumps.
In these pumps, the working element is a broaching screw or an auger (hence the second name - auger). Systems of this type allow them to be used in wells with high level pollution. Screw design do not allow sand and other small debris to clog anywhere and block the operation of the pump.
And the fact that when the rotor accelerates, the productivity increases, but the outlet pressure remains practically unchanged, makes it possible to use screw pumps not only for pumping and purifying water from a well or well, but also in production, for example, when pumping oil products.
Screw models have a number of advantages, among them:
- Convenience of design. Such pumps are extremely easy to operate: no special knowledge is required.
- Ease of repair. Both mechanical seals and stuffing boxes are designed in such a way that if the need arises, they can be replaced in the shortest possible time without using any additional equipment.
- Absence of vibrations. Screw pumps practically do not create any vibrations, despite high power And a large number of working revolutions. This happens due to the use of rotors with the extraction of hollow parts.
- Long service life. This advantage“Follows” from the previous one: it is precisely from the absence of vibrations that screw pumps are distinguished by a long service life.
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