Sheet piles were designed to reinforce the walls of excavations during construction works. Such a fence reliably protects workers and equipment from soil collapses.
Within the territory of Russian Federation the method of static indentation of the tongue began to be used only in the late 90s of the 20th century. When erecting protective structures sheet piling in America and Europe most of built in this way.
Initially, the tongues were made of wood. hallmark grooved board was the presence of a spike and a groove on the sides of the board. They were intended for reliable connection of individual boards into a single shield.
With the development of building skills and the growth of the scale of construction, reinforced concrete piles replaced wooden sheet piles. Such a design can be not only a temporary fence, but also in the future carry a support load during the construction of a building.
The disadvantage of this type of sheet piles is their low resistance to difficult soils, which is why they often go to the side when they abut against a solid obstacle. Cracks also often appear, as reinforced concrete is very sensitive to bending.
The most economical option is the indentation of metal sheet piles.
Once the excavation work is completed and the piles are no longer needed, Larsen's metal sheet piles can be pulled out and used in the construction of other objects. This greatly reduces the cost of the method.
Methods for immersing a sheet pile into the ground
Main in modern construction there are 3 ways of plunging the sheet pile:
- Dive driving;
- Static push.
Dive driving
This method was also used to drive the first piles in the construction business. Its main advantage is its technological simplicity and availability of all necessary equipment.
The disadvantages include the need for powerful and energy-intensive installations. Also, during the operation of such equipment, loud noise and high ground impact.
Useful advice
All vibration loads have a negative impact on the condition of neighboring buildings, creating cracks in the foundation and walls.
If the sheet pile hits some kind of obstacle during hammering, it can be deformed, and with it the fastening lock of the sheet pile.
Vibration immersion of sheet pile
Vibration pile driving more than economical option in terms of energy costs. Also, the level of generated noise and vibrations is noticeably lower than that of shock technology. This has a positive effect on the possibility of carrying out work near residential buildings and protected cultural sites.
But the very mechanism of immersion under the influence of vibration makes it impossible to use such equipment near subway tunnels or large pipelines and other highways.
Static tongue indentation
The most modern technology this is the static indentation of the Larsen tongue.
An excellent option when it is necessary to carry out work in a densely populated area of large cities or near architectural monuments.
This method will be especially relevant in areas with dilapidated buildings, landslide zones, where any impact can lead to an emergency.
sheet piling excavation in Sheremetyevo, carried out by the specialists of ArktikGidroStroy
Sheet piling in Moscow, made by the specialists of ArktikGidroStroy
Sheet piling of the pit made of Larsen sheet piling with spacers, made by the specialists of ArktikHydroStroy
Indentation of the tongue, performed by the specialists of "ArktikGidroStroy"
Vibration driving of the pipe and sheet piles during the construction of a temporary bridge, performed by the specialists of ArktikGidroStroy
Advantages of the static indentation method
The main advantages of using the indentation method when driving sheet piles are:
- Suitable for work near residential buildings and cultural facilities;
- The ability to carry out work near large pipelines and metro lines due to the complete absence of vibration and shock loads on the ground;
- High speed of erection of the barrier and economy of the construction budget;
- The draft of the entire barrier passes evenly, as well as the process of immersion in the ground;
- The use of modern special equipment allows you to control the dive online and make the necessary adjustments;
- This technology is friendly to the environment;
- Final load bearing capacity of all piles that were installed by the static indentation method are on average 10% higher than those of piles installed by the classical impact method.
Press-in tongue installation technology
With the static method of pressing a sheet pile, it is installed at the planned place of immersion, after which it is pressed into the ground by a hydraulic drive. Modern technology allows you to exert pressure from a ton to several tens of tons.
Due to the small cross-sectional area, a sheet pile cuts into the ground much easier than a classic reinforced concrete one.
Useful advice
The plunging of the sheet pile by the indentation method avoids restrictions when working near residential buildings due to the complete absence of vibration and noise. This is especially true when carrying out work within the boundaries of large cities.
Watch the video on how the sheet piling is installed in our company:
Used machinery and equipment
The main force used during the push-in pile driving procedure is a constant static load. For such purposes, super-powerful construction equipment is used.
All pile-pressing machines are designed on the principle of lateral wedge capture of the sheet pile and its immersion in the well, which is prepared in advance.
Modern electronics helps to correct the plunging angle of the sheet piling in time and eventually get a perfectly even row of piles. It is also possible to create sheet piles of round and corner configuration.
Several types of equipment have received the greatest distribution in the market of services for pressing sheet piles:
- TITAN DTZ Hydraulic Piling Installation (HVU) It is mainly used to create a pile foundation for a building. The maximum force is 320 tf;
- When working in dense urban areas or the need to organize a large pile area, use the SUNWARD ZY J120 installation, which is completely silent, environmentally friendly and suitable for all types of piles;
- SVU-V-6 is completely independent and offline installation, capable of performing the entire list of work with sheet piles and moving to the desired installation site.
Types of sheet piling
On the this moment The following types of sheet piling are on the market:
- Larsen sheet piling is the most popular type of sheet piling at the moment. Technologically, it is metallic profile various forms made of high quality metal. Larsen sheet piles are either trough-shaped or Z-shaped. Side walls have special roundings that act as locks for connecting individual tongues into a single structure. As a result, such sheet piles form a strong and monolithic wall, which reliably protects against collapses and other incidents;
- Standard metal sheet pile - used in cases where the static indentation of the Larsen sheet pile is too costly. After installation, iron sheet piles are removed from the ground and can be reused if not damaged during installation.
- Concrete sheet piles are more expensive than iron ones, but after construction they continue to perform a supporting function. Most often they are used in the construction of multi-storey buildings.
- Wooden - they are practically not used anymore, as they are not able to withstand high loads and cannot be reused.
Our advantages in sheet piling
Our specialists are always ready to consult you free of charge on any issue of sheet piling, as well as orient you in the range of sheet piles.
We provide a service for the supply of used sheet piles and the extraction of already used Larsen sheet piles.
We have accumulated great experience for the implementation of a wide variety of objects of any complexity. Start time from the date of application is 48 hours.
A key feature of cooperation with our company is that we sell Larsen sheet piles with the possibility of repurchase. This procedure will help you return up to 80% of the original cost.
At the very beginning of construction, the soil is in a soft, uncompacted state. So that in case of violation of the integrity of the soil, the surrounding buildings or the landscape do not suffer, the foundation pit is strengthened with a sheet piling. Most often, sheet piling is installed on large pits.
When building a private cottage or house, the need for fencing a pit arises infrequently: if there are loose unstable soils on the site or construction work begins during the rainy season. Then the soil may begin to be washed off into the pit under precipitation. High-quality sheet piling will not only help retain soil, but also retain water.
What is sheet piling
This is a series of piles driven into the ground and forming a fence. The use of such structures allows you to create a safe area for conducting further work. Often the sheet piling is left in the ground to protect, for example, the foundation from impact. ground water.
The piles are driven into the ground tightly to each other. Due to the density of placement and the grouting of the joints, the sheet piling becomes completely waterproof.
Types of sheet piling
There are several technologies for sheet piling.
Which tongue to choose?
The choice of piles for sheet piling depends on the future load on the fence. Therefore, you first need to calculate the load, and only then choose the appropriate piles. Then the selection method suitable option: for the price, ease of transportation, the final option is selected.
Piles are selected according to the following parameters:
- Durability ─ the period of operation of metal piles depends on the operating conditions, PVC piles are almost eternal.
- Quick installation - plastic piles are smooth, they have a low coefficient of friction, so installation is 2 times faster than other piles.
- Weight - PVC piles are not heavy, so their loading / unloading and transportation are cheaper.
How to install sheet piling
For the installation of sheet piling during construction on your site, you can rent Larsen sheet piles, which are very convenient for installation. They are easily driven into the ground and are no less easy to dismantle. However, in order to install Larsen sheet piles, you will need special equipment - a vibratory pile driver and a team of 3-4 specially trained professionals. At the end of the work related to the strengthening of the soil, sheet piles are removed from the soil.
The vibratory hammer can be replaced with a manual vibratory hammer. A manual vibratory hammer is not the cheapest equipment, but if a lot of work is planned on the farm related to driving piles - installing a fence, pile foundation for outbuildings, strengthening the banks of the pond, etc., then it can be purchased. Otherwise, like Larsen sheet piles, you can rent it.
With the help of such a jackhammer with an impact head, the sheet piles are immersed to the desired depth. Due to the significant impact force of the hammer, the installation time of the sheet piling is reduced, and the need for heavy equipment disappears.
Larsen sheet piles are driven into the ground sequentially: the second section is inserted from above into the groove-lock of the first section. At the same time, it should be rotated 180 degrees relative to the previous one, forming a continuous structure.
How to install a wooden sheet piling with your own hands
Can be adapted to strengthen the walls of the pit on quicksand unedged board at least 4 cm thick. Such formwork is tightly fitted to each other during installation. The boards are fastened with transverse bars. If during the installation of sheet piling wooden fence constantly incoming wet soil interferes with work, a drainage pump must be used. After installing the sheet piling, the soil will remain behind the walls, and the water will flow down to the bottom of the pit.
To connect and strengthen the boards, beams and corners are installed. To ensure the rigidity of the fence from the inside, it is reinforced with spacers from a bar 10 cm by 10 cm. The width of the board for the tongue and groove must be at least 15 cm. The length of the boards depends on the size of the pit. The lower pointed ends of the sheet pile-boards are driven into the ground to the depth of the pit with a sledgehammer.
Despite the apparent ease of installation, it is better to dig a pit, choose the type of sheet piles, install sheet piles with a team of qualified professionals and special equipment.
The manufacturing enterprise "Arktik Hydro Stroy" specializing in piling works will perform the sheet piling of the excavation in Moscow and the central regions of the Russian Federation.
In the process of construction on the "virgin land" increases. It is deformed, can "float". This leads to damage and even sometimes to the complete destruction of nearby buildings.
Therefore, in the city or in the built-up area, when building new facilities, the pits are fenced with sheet piles.
In accordance with 3.02.01 SNiP (“Earthworks”), sheet piling must be installed in all pits from two meters deep.
The fencing also simplifies the work on the site itself: it prevents the soil from crumbling and the walls of the pit from collapsing.
Why do they trust us?
- We guarantee strictly individual approach. We have been working for over 10 years.
- We will offer the most suitable solution for you. More than 200 completed projects
- We have reasonable prices for all types of work. You will know what you are spending money on.
- Free cost calculation and sheet piling design.
- All work is carried out by our employees. We have SRO approval.
- We have everything necessary equipment for work. Own fleet of necessary equipment.
- We guarantee high quality materials used.
Experienced specialists of the company "ArktikGidroStroy" will qualitatively erect sheet piling of any level of complexity! In a short time and at an affordable cost.
What is trench fencing?
The sheet piling of the pit (or "") is a wall, load-bearing part which are sheet piles sunk into the ground. It compacts the soil, localizes the area of expected deformations, and limits their impact on neighboring buildings.
Sheet piling of pits can be temporary and permanent - in the second case, they perform the function fixed formwork for basement walls, foundations, plinths. Are used as for ground waters.
Possible applications:
- strengthening the sides of the pits for foundations, preventing shedding of the walls;
- restriction of the construction site;
- installation of hydrotechnical facilities - dams, embankments, dams, bridges, etc.;
- strengthening of foundations;
- creation of sealed tanks for industrial waste;
- landfill fencing;
- strengthening of railway lines;
- protection of underground utilities from groundwater, etc.
Note
The depth of the excavation at which a sheet pile is required depends on the composition of the soil:
- sand - from 1 m;
- sandy loam - from 1.25;
- clay, loam - from 1.5;
- dense soil - from 2 m.
Types of piles for sheet piling of excavations
In the process of installing a sheet piling of a pit, piles are used:
- wooden;
- reinforced concrete;
Wooden ones are knocked together from boards with a thickness of 4 centimeters or connected from bars in a tongue-and-groove way. They are used at a depth of immersion within three meters. This is a one-time option because wooden piles cannot be dismantled without damage.
The most difficult thing is to immerse reinforced concrete piles. Due to the energy intensity of the process, this type is used only as a permanent fence, subsequently reinforced concrete piles are part of the foundation. Made in square section.
Metal can be used repeatedly (up to 20 cycles). They are made from profile metal, pipes, I-beams.
The Larsen sheet piling looks like a Russian L in profile with rounded lower edges (tongue-and-groove locks).
The use of pipe piles is preferable on unstable soils, which are characterized by horizontal movements. In such situations, the stability of the Larsen sheet pile may not be enough.
The strength and stability of pipes is higher due to large section and wall thickness. Like Larsen sheet piles, tubular piles are equipped with tongue-and-groove locks on the side walls and can be connected into a single structure.
Installation is carried out using steel rotary elements (they allow you to make a wall with the desired spatial configuration).
Excavation sheet piling technology
Sheet pile driving techniques:
- shock method;
- combinations of the first three.
indentation
Indentation is the safest method for nearby buildings: constant monitoring of their condition during the work is not required. It is used in densely built-up areas, incl. on loose and boggy soils.
The disadvantage of the method is bulky equipment, which is transported dismantled and assembled on site.
Vibroimmersion
Vibration immersion is a fairly universal method.
Our vibro-submersible equipment copes with almost all types of sheet piles: pipes of any diameter, I-beams, Larsen sheet piles.
On sandy water-saturated soil, the vibration method is often the only possible one.
But this technology is not among the cheapest because of the use of expensive equipment.
driving
It is carried out with a hammer (attached equipment for a pile driver), on dense soils - in previously made leader holes. Restrictions for use shock method– work in densely built-up areas.
When using the sheet piling of the pit, the price is the most affordable.
Note
On so-called light soils, combinations of the methods described above can be used. For example, initially a pile is immersed by a vibromethod, and it is achieved with a hammer to the desired depth mark.
Calculation of the sheet piling of the excavation
In the process of digging a pit, the balance of interaction forces in the soil is disturbed: when the soil is excavated, the pressure on the fence from the side of the walls increases. In order for the walls not to collapse, the fence must have certain design characteristics. Stability depends on the magnitude of the impact forces, the dimensions of the sheet pile, the depth of immersion, and the method of fencing.
The calculation can be performed by the graphic-analytical method and numerical (according to the formula). There are special programs for this. Required Technical information(immersion standards, correction factors, etc.) is given in 3.02.01-87 of SNIP.
The formula takes into account the features of the work:
- pit depth;
- overturning earth pressure;
- counter torque;
- vertical ground pressure.
The formula for calculating strength in general view– M1< m/γ * M2, где
M1 is the moment of overturning force;
M2 - anti-rollover;
m is the coefficient of working conditions (from the tables of SNiP, for weak soils – 0,7);
γ - reliability coefficient (SNiP: 1.1 for dry soil, 1.2 - for high groundwater).
The calculation is performed on the lowest point of the sheet pile, since under pressure it will turn (overturn) about this point.
Features of the fencing device
In the process of arranging the pit, its walls are fixed. The latter consists of metal sheets either from edged boards. Subsequently, the pick-up materials can be used as formwork when pouring underground structures. The intake is permeable, therefore, at high groundwater, a dewatering is applied. Larsen sheet piles are used to create a waterproof pick-up. Connected to each other by tongue-and-groove locks, they form an integral hermetic wall.
Often used before the construction of the wall. It reduces the shock load required to deepen the sheet pile to the calculated depth, thereby reducing soil deformation and the risk of destruction of other structures due to shock vibration.
Used in the following cases:
- on soils with high density if there is a risk of destruction of piles due to increased shock / vibration loads during immersion;
- if there are sandy layers of great thickness (from 2.5 meters) in the section of the soil, which can provoke a displacement of the soil;
- to reduce vibration and shock loads in order to minimize the risk to nearby buildings;
- if without preliminary drilling it is impossible to load the piles to the design mark.
Distribution belt technology for pit fencing
(otherwise strapping) is used to strengthen the installed wall. Strapping function - uniform distribution of loads between adjacent piles. It is made of channels or metal beams. It is installed horizontally at a depth of no more than two meters from the surface.
The anchored system can be lowered to the middle of the excavation depth. In the case of a large depth of belts, there may be several at different levels.
In addition to distribution belts, struts and struts are used to protect the structure.
Spacers are arranged horizontally with a step of about 5 meters, bursting the opposite walls of the fence. There must be at least four of them (in the corners of the pit). The struts are installed obliquely, resting on the foundation slab. In the absence of foundation slab installation of stops can be carried out on piles.
In the process of strengthening the wall, the strapping is mounted first, the rest later.
Excavation sheet piling cost
Order grooved fencing of the pit according to low prices you can in our company "Arctic Hydro Stroy".
The final amount of the order depends on:
- on the number of piles, the amount of work;
- remoteness of the object;
- the complexity of the terrain and working conditions.
Depending on your production needs and the characteristics of the facility, we will select a pile driver required power, on a wheeled or tracked chassis. We provide services to construction companies and private developers, we load piles in any quantity in record time.
Sheet piling of the pit in Sheremetyevo, made by the specialists of ArktikGidroStroy
Sheet piling in Moscow, made by the specialists of ArktikGidroStroy
Sheet piling of the pit made of Larsen sheet piling with spacers, made by the specialists of ArktikHydroStroy
Indentation of the tongue, performed by the specialists of "ArktikGidroStroy"
Vibration driving of the pipe and sheet piles during the construction of a temporary bridge, performed by the specialists of ArktikGidroStroy
The Bogatyr LLC company offers you services for driving sheet piles for fencing pits (pit piling). Conventional sheet piling of excavations can be more effective than other methods of excavation fencing. This temporary fencing of the excavation with spacer structures is the most convenient and flexible in use and application.
sheet pile wall- this is a flexible type of fastening and therefore it is more expedient to use it in the complete absence of significant loads near the edge of a 7-8 meter pit, and according to soil conditions in the absence of sand and clay soil and including those saturated with water, not containing large inclusions.
Types of sheet piling for pits
There are several ways to fencing pits:
- Fencing of pits - "wall in the ground";
- Fencing construction pits from bored piles;
- Fencing of the pit by driving pipes + wooden frame;
- sheet piling small pits(various sizes);
- Sheet pile fencing of pits and beam fencing.
Rice. 1 : Sheet piling of pits by sheet pile driving
The classification of sheet pile walls used to enclose pits is based on the type of sheet pile used.
According to the materials used allocate:
- Reinforced concrete sheet piling
For the formation of reinforced concrete fences of pits, driven or bored reinforced concrete piles are used. This is the most expensive fencing method, since piled poles cannot be excavated and reused. In order to rationalize financial costs, reinforced concrete sheet pile is used as an integral part of the foundation during further construction work.
Rice. 1.1
Sheet piles of reinforced concrete piles up to 15 meters long are used to enclose the pits. If it is necessary to deepen the fence to a greater depth, composite piles are used, which consist of several separate parts connected to each other during the immersion process.
- Wooden sheet pile fences
This type of fencing in modern construction practice rarely used due to the impossibility reuse- when extracting wooden poles from the soil, the structure is deformed, and inapplicability in the further construction of the foundation - under the influence of groundwater, the tree is gradually destroyed.
Rice. 1.2
- Steel sheet pile railings
Steel sheet piles have a wide variety of standard sizes. For fencing pits during large-scale construction most commonly used:
1) - trough-shaped rolled metal, equipped with slot locks along the end contour, which allow you to create a monolithic moisture-proof wall in the ground. Larsen sheet piling, in addition to fencing pits, is widely used for strengthening coastlines, tunnels and landslide areas;
Rice. 1.3
2) metal pipes round section- have high stability in the ground due to the large diameter (from 219 to 530 mm), are used, if necessary, fencing pits in areas with incoherent, prone to shear soil;
3) Flat pile- it is used in the arrangement of pit fencing in areas where the deep layer of soil is represented by rocks. According to the stability of the sheet pile wall in the ground, it is not inferior to the Larsen sheet pile (the strength of the groove connection can be 5000 kN / m).
Depending on the method of fixation in the ground sheet piling of excavations can be free-standing and anchored.
Rice. 1.4
The washing method has also proven itself well. To fully ensure water tightness, the ends of the sheet pile beams are connected by planes into locks that serve as guides when driving the sheet pile.
Methods for immersing a sheet pile for fencing a pit
In construction practice, two methods of sheet pile immersion are used - impact driving and vibration immersion.
The most common method is impact driving. This technology has key advantage- during shock immersion of the sheet pile, there is no deconsolidation of the soil near the place of driving, which accompanies the process of vibration immersion.
The impact method has a number of limitations in its application - due to the destructive effects on the foundations of nearby buildings, it cannot be implemented in a densely built-up city, near architectural monuments and historical buildings.
The vibrational method has no such limitations, however this way demonstrates high immersion efficiency only when working on non-cohesive soils - sandy soil, sandy loam and slightly wet clay.
Rice. 1.5
Depending on the technology used, pile drivers are equipped with mounted diesel hammers or vibrators. During operation of the diesel hammer, the sheet piles are immersed in the ground as a result of shock dynamic effects, which are transmitted to the structure fixed in the head of the hammer. There are two types of diesel hammers - tubular and rod. To date, tubular hammers, as more advanced designs, have almost completely replaced rod-type hammers from use.
Rice. 1.6
The principle of operation of vibrators is fundamentally different. Such devices are equipped with non-centered weights, which, in the process of multidirectional rotation, generate high-frequency vibration oscillations (from 500 to 1500 k/min). The vibrations are transmitted to the sheet pile, rigidly fixed in the head of the unit, then the vibration along the sheet pile passes to the soil layers in contact with it, which are decompacted and, under the weight of the vibratory pile driver, the sheet pile descends into the ground
Rice. 1.7: Diagram of an electric vibratory driver
Calculation of the sheet piling of the excavation
Calculation of sheet piling is needed to determine the required sheet pile size, wall configuration and the need for additional reinforcement so that the excavation fence is sufficiently resistant to any soil influences.
Calculation according to the parameter of the resistance of the fence to the overturning effects of the soil is carried out according to the formula: , in which:
- Mu- average moment of overturning actions;
- mz- average moment of forces holding the wall;
- m- coefficient of sheet piling work in the soil;
- Yn- the coefficient of the required reliability of the wall, which differs for different sheet piling, depending on the soil conditions at the construction site.
The sheet piling strength is calculated by the formula: , where:
- Mr- stability 1 running meter fencing to the impact of design loads;
- Ry- average resistance of sheet pile wall piping;
- Wcm- normative resistance of 1 m.p of sheet piling (this parameter is specified in construction manuals for each type of sheet pile separately).
- m- coefficient of work of sheet piling in the soil (standard value - 0.8, may vary depending on the type of soil).
The resistance of sheet pile locks to ruptures under the influence of soil is calculated by the formula: , in which:
- Rs- average radial force of the wall contour to horizontal loads (kN/m).
- m- coefficient of working conditions;
- pp- normative resistance of sheet pile locks to rupture, which differs depending on the type of steel from which the sheet pile is made: for steel ST3 - 1900 kN / m, 15KhSND and ST5 - 2700 kN / m.
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Technology for mounting sheet piles around the pit
The technology of arranging the sheet piling of the excavation has practically no differences when implementing the shock or vibration method of immersion. The difference lies only in the principle of operation attachments pile driver, while preparatory work, slinging and immersion sequence are completely identical.
Rice. 1.8
Consider the main stages of installation sheet piling of the excavation:
- The sheet pile is delivered to the object. With a length of rolled metal up to 10 meters, tractors with low-frame semi-trailers are used for this;
- With the help of a jib crane, the sheet pile is unloaded and stored along the perimeter of the pit so that the most optimized mode of operation of the pile driver is ensured;
- The contour of the fence is marked, after which the pile driving unit begins to work;
- With the help of a winch installed on a pile driver, equipped with steel cables, the sheet pile is slinged and moved to the place of driving;
- The head of a diesel hammer or a vibratory pile driver is put on the sheet pile and the sheet pile is installed at the place of driving;
- The position of the tongue relative to the vertical is verified and a guide dive is made by several tens of centimeters;
- The slinging is dismantled and the sheet pile is hammered to the design depth.
- A wide range of additional services;
- Flexible pricing policy in Moscow and the region;
- A full package of documents, certificates for admission to work;
- We give you a guarantee for all types of work performed by our specialists.
Order of pile driving for excavation fencing
To order sheet piling for pit fencing in Moscow and the region, you just need to fill out the form.
- Leave a job application directly on the site by filling out the form below
- After receiving your application, our specialist will contact you
- We will discuss all the details and terms, as well as the cost of work
- Let's start work as soon as possible
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To strengthen the walls of the pit during construction work, they use different technologies, among which the most common is sheet piling made of pipes. The use of used materials makes the construction of a protective structure much cheaper than the use of special sheet pile profiles for this purpose.
Type of sheet piling using pipes
It is customary to call sheet piles driven piles in construction, which can be wooden, reinforced concrete or metal.
The essence of such a strengthening is that, first, sheet piles (piles) are driven in along the perimeter of the future pit to the desired depth, and only after that the excavation is carried out. Thanks to this, the collapse of the walls is prevented as it deepens, the pit itself turns out to be strictly specified correct form, it is possible to avoid displacement of structures of neighboring objects.
Properties of sheet piling made of pipes in comparison with other types of structures
Experts unanimously consider the only advantage of such a strengthening to be its low cost. Unlike more expensive materials such as Larsen sheet pile, the use of pipes has significant disadvantages:
- Their use does not make it possible to obtain a monolithic waterproof surface, therefore, fencing is not used in the construction of hydraulic facilities and in conditions of a high groundwater horizon.
- Due to the thin section of the walls of the material and large area entry into the ground when it is clogged, the edges are significantly deformed.
- Since the elements of the device do not have a locking clutch, it is difficult to achieve their even entry into the ground, therefore, with increasing depth, the elements of the fence will deviate significantly from the given plane.
As a rule, sheet piling of a pit made of pipes, the technology of which involves their one-time, non-removable use, simultaneously serves as support posts for forming formwork for carrying out concrete works. In this case, the drilling-injection method of piling is used, when their cavity is filled with a water-cement mortar. When the pipe is pulled out, a large cavity is released, which will cause long-term subsidence of the house paths.
Methods for making a sheet piling of a pit
Vibration immersion of sheet pile
The most common way to install a tongue and groove is vibration immersion. First, a well is drilled, a pipe is immersed in it. For stronger fixing, the well is pre-filled with sand-cement or clay mixture. The device of sheet piling of a pit from pipes, pursuing the goal of maximum economy, involves the use of the vibro-immersion method as the most economical of existing ways. In this case, the pipe experiences a minimum load during immersion, which prevents its deformation at the initial stage.
Pile driving can be done by screwing. To do this, a tip is welded at one end of it, providing a spiral movement.
Important! Before driving piles, geodetic surveys are carried out to determine the properties of the soil and the level of groundwater.
Plugging using pipes can be used at the end of the dive to reach the desired depth or if the failure of the passage during vibration penetration is less than 1.5 cm / min.
The depth of pile driving should be above the groundwater level. When making excavations of great depth, sheet piling is performed in two tiers. At the same time, the upper tier is driven a few meters wider than the design dimensions, and when the recess reaches 2/3 of the length of the driven piles, the second tier is driven in, according to the desired size.
In deep pits, fastening with ground anchors is used.
- With the use of braces. The parameters of the struts are calculated in each case separately.
- Anchoring with additional piles and rods. It is used in cases where the fastening from the inside will interfere with the work. In order not to interfere with the movement, the rods are recessed into the ground.
- Anchoring with drilling additional piles obliquely into the wall.
- Console mount. In this case, the pile is held due to deep entry into the ground, when the depth of the pit does not exceed 2/3 of its length. The depth limits using this method of fastening, made by the bored method, is 10 m.
- Spacer fastening using spacer frames or telescopic tubular spacers.
Mounting options
As they deepen behind the installed piles, they are laid wooden blocks, forming a solid wall, or a fence.
Basic rules for performing sheet piling
For the implementation of the fence, pipes of large diameter are used, ranging from 219 mm to 630 mm. Before starting work, the axes of the pit are laid out by taking out the design dimensions in kind. During the driving of supports, their vertical position must be constantly monitored. When hammering, the use of wooden caps is recommended. SNiP allows a maximum deviation of the top of the pile from the plane of the fence of 15 cm. Support pillars can be unfastened horizontal belt if the depth exceeds 4 m. Such belts are made from an I-beam. For a uniform load, wedges are inserted between each pile and the belt. Braces and struts are attached to the belt beams. At a depth of more than 10 m, two or more belts are made, and the top one must be at least 1 m from the top of the pit.
Important! If it is necessary to excavate piles for their repeated use, it is important to follow a safe procedure for dismantling the struts and struts.
To prevent corrosion, metal piles are sometimes coated with special primers.
Upon completion of work on the implementation of the sheet piling, an act of breaking down its axes and excavation, an executive survey, and an act of accepting work are drawn up.
The calculation of the sheet piling of the excavation from pipes is carried out using special programs that, due to the high cost, large specialized organizations can afford. One of the simplest, the Spin program, calculates the ratio of the pile diameter, the depth of its driving, and the parameters of the struts and struts. Manual counting will take a lot of time and requires in-depth knowledge.
Screenshot Spin
Execution technology sheet piling excavation requires the use of special equipment and knowledge of the rules for calculating the structure, which ensures its strength and safety. Therefore, it should be entrusted to specialists who have licenses to carry out such work and issue official documentation.
Price
The cost of services for the manufacture of sheet piling of the pit from pipes is shown in the table.
Firm "StroyAllianceGroup»
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