The floor screed is the part of the base that is located between the ceiling and the finishing coating. Without it, it is impossible to make the floors perfectly even - such that even the most demanding installation conditions can be laid on them without fear. finishing material. You can’t do without it when building a house and even during a major overhaul, but how to make a floor screed is a very difficult question for many. Let's try to figure out how to create it with your own hands.
The screed is not only a structural element of the floor, responsible for its leveling. It performs other equally important functions - for example, it takes over and redistributes all the loads experienced by the floor covering. But still, the most important function of the screed is precisely the alignment of the base. It is necessary in order to easily and correctly lay flooring, some types of which are quite demanding on the evenness of the subfloor. For example, ceramic tile, parquet and other materials will quickly become unusable if they are operated lying on uneven floor. They will begin to break and collapse, and when moving along the coating, it will emit an unpleasant creak.
Another function that the screed performs is increasing the heat, sound and waterproofing properties of floors. Also, due to it, it is easy to raise the level of the base to the required level if necessary.
What is the screed?
The floor screed can be divided according to several criteria into different kinds. For example, depending on the manufacturing method, it can be dry, wet, combined.
Table. The main types of ties.
| View | Description and characteristics |
|---|---|
| This option is made without the use of heavy mortars. The technology is used to level floors with very large height differences (up to 11 cm), as well as in rooms where floors cannot experience significant load. In this case, a dry screed can be laid along the logs and be made of plywood or chipboard, or it can be made from sheets of gypsum fiber, which is laid on expanded clay bedding. The thickness of the screed can be quite large. Dry screed is easy to perform, does not require drying after production, is very light, does not exert a load on the floors and foundation of the building. |
| This screed can also be called concrete or cement. The most familiar and most commonly used way of leveling and raising the floor. As a rule, it is used for the initial stage of leveling floors or subfloors. It is made on the basis of cement with the addition of fillers, it is laid in a layer of 3 cm or more. Difficult to work with, takes a long time to dry, but very strong and durable. Unfortunately, it exerts significant non-overlapping pressure due to its considerable weight, and therefore cannot be applied to all types of buildings. For 1 sq.m. accounts for at least 100-120 kg mortar- the mass is quite impressive. |
| This type of screed combines the main advantages and, in some way, the technology of wet and self-leveling screeds. |
| This method is good because there is no need to use beacons and somehow monitor the evenness of the finished base. The fact is that special mixtures are used for manufacturing, which tend to self-level on the surface of the subfloor. Such compositions are quite expensive, and they can be filled with floors with irregularities up to 2 cm. Often, due to this method, you can additionally level the usual cement screed. |
Also screeds are divided into different types depending on the number of layers. Thus, they are single layer(poured immediately at a time to the required thickness) and multilayer. The latter have the so-called rough and finish surfaces. As a rule, the rough base has a thickness of 2 cm or more, and the finishing one - 3-20 mm.
According to the type of connection with overlappings, screeds can be divided into solid and floating. The first has a reliable connection with the draft base, the second has no hitch with anything. For installation, hydro- and heat-insulating materials are used.
What can be used to create a screed?
Depending on the type of screed, they can be made of various materials. Yes, to create wet screed cement, water and sand are used. Cement in this case acts as a binding material, and sand becomes a filler. To improve the quality of building mixtures, they can be added various components improving strength and reducing drying time.
On a note! To prepare such a mixture, it is necessary to mix 1 part of cement with 3 parts of sand. The required amount of water is added to them. This is a fairly economical option.
To create a wet screed, ready-made sand concrete sold in stores can also be used. Its main disadvantage is the high shrinkage rate. Because of this, the thickness of the screed layer cannot be less than 3 cm, otherwise it will quickly become covered with cracks.
Advice! To reduce the risk of screed cracking, crude composition fiber fibers are added, or layers of reinforcing mesh are laid on the rough base.
For wooden floors gypsum-based mixtures are used. This material can be laid in a thin layer, as it practically does not shrink. Drying time is also attractive - only 1-2 days. The only exception in terms of the use of such formulations is high humidity in the premises.
Self leveling or commonly used for final alignment conventional wet screed. The reason is the rather high cost of the material. Such a composition is used for leveling floors with an unevenness of 2-7 mm.
Required for manufacturing sheet materials type of drywall, as well as expanded clay of medium and fine fraction for backfilling the base. The joints of individual sheets of material are treated with adhesives.
How to make a floor screed
Work on the installation of floor screed invariably raises questions from beginners. Below are instructions for creating a dry, wet and semi-dry screed. However, no matter which option is chosen by the masters, in any case, before starting work, it is important to prepare a rough foundation.
Features of the preparation of the base
To begin with, if the house was not built from scratch, you will need to get rid of old finish gender. Moreover, you will have to remove the old screed up to the overlap. It is especially important to repair any flaws on the base. It can be cracks, chips, any gaps. All this must be sealed with sealant or cement composition after pre-priming to avoid too big expense mixtures (relative to wet screed) and increase the adhesion of the compositions to the base.
Preparing the base for the screed - photo
On a note! Sometimes a new screed is poured directly on top of the old one, but this is only permissible if the previous version of the base is strong enough. However, only an experienced specialist will be able to assess the condition of the old screed. Sometimes it is even enough to use just self-leveling compounds to make the old base perfectly even.
You can clean the floor from the old screed using a jackhammer. Next, the base is cleared of construction debris, which fits into strong bags and is taken to a landfill.
Small protrusions on the old screed can be removed by arming grinder. After preparation, it is important to prime the base in order to increase adhesion.
Making a wet screed
Step 1. Everything is prepared first necessary tools and materials. it building level, slats that will act as beacons, self-tapping screws and dowels, building mixtures, sand and cement, usually perforator.
The screed is an intermediate layer between the subfloor and the finished floor covering. It is designed to level the subfloor. No fill for this layer overhaul in a private house or apartment will be of poor quality. If you need to know how a floor screed is made, the technology will be presented below.
The laying of the presented layer should be done only after you decide on its type. The screed can be classified as follows:
According to the production method:
- Wet. For its manufacture it is required cement mortar with the addition of sand. You can cook it yourself or buy a ready-made mixture. In this case, the layer must be further strengthened with a reinforcing mesh. Optimal Thickness screed is about 10 cm;
- Dry. It can be produced using special large-format sheets, 1.5-3 cm thick.
By type of connection:
- floating. It is usually laid if during the repair it is used waterproofing film. This screed is about 3.5 cm thick or more;
- Solid. It is firmly fixed on the base.
According to the materials of manufacture:
- cement layer. It can be used both in an apartment and in a private house. by the most optimal ratio mixing cement and sand is considered 1:3;
- Sand concrete screed. Laying is done using a ready-made mixture, which can be purchased at hardware store. The biggest disadvantage of this floor leveling method is the rapid shrinkage of the material. While working with the mixture, you need to monitor the thickness of the screed, as well as the uniform distribution of the solution. To maintain the integrity of the layer, it is necessary to strengthen it with reinforcement or fiberglass. To achieve maximum quality, the filling must be sprayed with water for 2 weeks. It will take at least 20 days for the layer to dry completely;
- Gypsum floor screed in the apartment. In installation, it is very simple, does not allow shrinkage, has good plasticity. A layer of small thickness is laid. At the same time, the plaster dries very quickly. The only drawback of this material is the impossibility of its installation in those rooms where high humidity is observed;
- Screed using concrete mix. It is laid in the same way as cement. But a cellular concrete solution is added to the finished mixture;
- . Since it is not difficult to make a screed of this type, it is becoming increasingly popular, especially in a private house. This layer is from 0.5 to 3 cm thick. But if the horizontal differences in the base are very large, then to use the mixture, you need to additionally do rough screed(you can use concrete mortar);
- Plasterboard. In this case, rectangular sheets are used, which are laid with a slight overlap. Please note that such a screed does not require a long time to dry, and is equipped quite simply.
What will be needed for work?
The most common and frequently used material for pouring is concrete mortar. Before you make a floor screed, you need to collect all the necessary fixtures and materials. You will need:
- Container for mixing concrete.
- Drill with a special nozzle or construction mixer.
- Hydraulic level.
- Rule.
- Master OK.
- Roulette and marker for marking the area.
Some tools needed for pouring floor screed Features of the preparation of the base
The floor screed device is not a very complicated process that you can handle on your own. However, first you need to prepare the foundation. First, the old floor covering is dismantled. If the subfloor has already been filled with cement or concrete screed, then it should be carefully examined. If there is no significant damage, then you can apply for pouring.
Small flaws are eliminated with a cement or concrete mixture. Convexity is best to grind off with a grinder or perforator. Further, the base should be cleaned of debris, remnants of the adhesive substance of the concrete mixture.
Priming improves adhesion between the screed and the floor surface. It is carried out in two layers with a primer for highly absorbent surfaces. The thickness of the screed is important not only in the apartment, but also in a private house, especially if you decide to insulate. This indicative may vary depending on the selected materials and parameters of the room. However, it must also be borne in mind that a screed with an incorrectly selected thickness may be of poor quality.
Installation of lighthouses
Before you make a floor screed in a private house or apartment, beacons must be set. They will help to pour the solution as evenly as possible. Their installation involves the following actions:
- The definition of high point floor using a hydraulic level. Please note that a small horizontal difference can be "winned" without additional filling of the layer. concrete mortar. If it is too large and exceeds 8 cm, then an additional screed will only increase the load on the floors.
- . Most often, for this purpose, in a private house or apartment, metallic profile, although there is another option - oak slats;
- Installation of elements. The distance between them depends on the width of the rule with which you will level the solution. The alignment of the beacons must be constantly monitored with a level. Further, the elements are fixed with a small amount of solution;
Please note that even if necessary additional substrate can't be used for profile. wooden bars because they can change shape when exposed to moisture. The following video will tell you in more detail and clearly about this stage:
Features of the preparation of the solution
If you use, then the mixture is prepared very simply. Combine 1 part cement grade M400 and above with 3 parts sand. You can also add expanded clay, which will achieve additional insulation. Next, all the ingredients are well mixed with a construction mixer. Water is added gradually. In this case, the mixture must continue to stir so that no lumps remain. The liquid is added as needed, that is, the solution should not spread quickly or be very thick.
If you choose a ready-made dry mix for work in a private house, then it is prepared in accordance with the description drawn up by the manufacturer. However, the standard preparation procedure involves the following actions:
- Pour water into a large container at the rate of 1 liter per 5 kg of the mixture.
- Pour the purchased material into a bucket and mix thoroughly. If you pour liquid into the mixture, you are unlikely to achieve High Quality solution.
- Leave the resulting substance for a few minutes to infuse, and then mix thoroughly again.
Foundation pouring technology
The main stages of arranging a single-layer cement-sand screed by lighthouses After all the preparatory work, you can proceed to the most important thing - pouring. How to make a screed step by step:
- Start work from the far corner, gradually moving towards the doorway.
- The mixture just needs to be poured onto the area that is enclosed between the two beacons. At the same time, constantly try to control the level of the layer. At this point, the rule is applied.
- After processing by the rule, the surface is rubbed with a trowel. Please note that the movements should be light, circular.
Note! The screed should be poured so that the work is completed in 1 day.
1 - Preparation of the base; 2 - Installation of beacons and damper tape; 3 - Preparation of the solution; 4, 5, 6 - Filling and distribution of the mixture; 7 - Removal of beacons from the screed layer; 8 - Filling voids with mortar; 9 - Finished floor screed Naturally, after the completion of the pouring of the solution, it must be given time to dry. At a temperature of + 20 ° C, the mixture will be solid after 24 hours. However, this does not mean that it is ready for operation. In the first few days of drying, the concrete must be periodically moistened with water so that its surface does not crack. Lighthouses can be removed already on the third day. In this case, the formed pits are filled with a solution prepared in advance.
Now lay cellophane on the resulting base, pour sand on it, and water it periodically for 14 days. Then the film is removed, and the base is again wetted with liquid. The surface must then dry completely. That is, it will be ready for loading in a week.
Now you know how to make a floor screed. This process requires special attention and patience. Many factors must be taken into account, in particular the thickness of the layer. Leave your opinion about the article in the comments or share your experience of installing a screed in your home. And finally, a couple of very useful videos.
Types of ties: 1) adhesive screed, in contact with a concrete slab. The screed is laid directly on the floor slab and adheres to it. For such a screed, the thickness can be small, from 2 cm, but adhesion to the base plays an exceptionally important role. In the production of such screeds, it is important to vacuum the surface well, use good primer, ideally Betokontakt, and make sure that the base does not become dusty during the work. 2) Screed on the separating layer. The solution is placed on a thin separating material: polyethylene film, roofing felt or waterproofing. 3) floating screed. It is laid on a layer of heat and soundproofing material. It can be regular or extruded foam, dense mineral wool, rolled foamed polyethylene, including foil, expanded clay bedding. Each type of screed has its own advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantage of the adhesive screed is poor sound insulation. The advantage is the smallest possible screed layer and the possibility of combined leveling with the use of finishing smoothers in areas with a thin layer. At the same time, there is practically no danger of cracks at the junction of materials. The screed on the separating layer, during curing, is protected from moisture extraction by the overlap and improves waterproofing properties, but at the same time it should not be less than 3 cm thick, and requires reinforcement. The floating screed also cannot be thinner than 3 cm, and the optimal layer is 5 cm and must be reinforced. Pros: good noise and heat insulation, the ability to equalize large differences without increasing the load on the floors. Cons: Significant rise in price and large thickness. When choosing a pouring method, you need to take into account the unevenness of the base, and remember the fact that the weight of the screed is 20 kg per cm of thickness per square meter, i.e. a layer of 5 cm weighs 100 kg/sq.m. The mesh is laid on supports so that after pouring the mesh is in the center of the layer. Grids are stacked overlapping and tied with wire. When installing cable underfloor heating, it is convenient to fasten the cable to the grid with wire or electrical ties.
2) Fiberglass mesh. I myself have not used it, but I know that it is cheaper, lighter and more durable than metal, it is a pity that it is practically not represented at the bases of building materials
3) Metal fiber, polypropylene, basalt or fiberglass. This reinforcement method is good, but only if the fibers are evenly distributed when the solution is mixed. As a rule, fiber is added to the automixer at the exit from concrete plant. During the journey to the object, the fibers have time to be well distributed throughout the volume of the solution. At home, such uniformity is difficult to obtain.
Even under the condition of reinforcement, the screed, in the process of curing, has shrinkage, and it is "pulled together", which leads to the formation of shrinkage cracks over large areas. To prevent this from happening, expansion joints are made. In apartments, it is better to place seams in the area doorways and at the junctions of different floor materials. Expansion joint can be laid during pouring with any thin separating material, or cut through after pouring in a solution that has not yet gained strength. Reinforcement at the seams is interrupted
A little about lighthouses. Lighthouses are made so that the floor level is perfectly even. For a high quality screed, the deviation should not exceed 2 mm at a 2 meter level applied at any point on the floor. These are the requirements of any manufacturer of laminate and parquet boards. For laying tiles, this is also an excellent base. I won’t tell you much about how lighthouses are made, I’ll only say that you shouldn’t use gypsum compositions for their manufacture. Especially if the floor is tiled. The fact is that gypsum, with increasing humidity, increases in volume, which can lead to cracks on the surface of the tile.
The screed should not come into contact with walls and columns, therefore, before starting work, a separation tape made of polyethylene foam or its equivalent is laid along the wall. important points in the screed device is the water-cement (W / C) ratio. The more water in the solution, the stronger the subsequent shrinkage of the screed. You can reduce W / C by adding a plasticizer to the solution, as well as using the “semi-dry screed” method, when cement-sand mixture mixed with a little water. The solution turns out to be crumbly and if it is left in the container for several minutes, no moisture is released on its surface. To prepare such a solution, one cannot do without a powerful mixer, since it is very dense and non-plastic.
To level the solution, use the blunt side of the rule and pour the material in the right places. Also for leveling, it is convenient to use a yellow styrofoam grater
A significant advantage of the semi-dry method is the rapid drying time and the acquisition of primary strength. You can make mortar beacons and level the floor on the same day. On a freshly laid screed, you can immediately walk in special shoes with a wide sole similar to snowshoes. In ordinary shoes, you can walk after 6-12 hours. Tiles on such a floor can be laid every other day, and laminate and parquet board after 5-10 days, depending on the thickness of the layer and the readings of the moisture meter. In order for the screed to gain strength correctly, on the first day it should be protected from drafts and covered with a film, and for the next 2-3 days, periodically moistened. AT industrial premises and wherever floors are used without coating, they are rubbed with special trowels to strengthen the top layer
When repairing an apartment or building a house from scratch, it is important to think through all the nuances so that the final result is not only beautiful, but also of high quality. Much attention needs to be paid to preparatory work, including manufacturing. It is necessary so that the base under the feet is strong and reliable, as well as for arranging the finishing floor. And its long service life can be ensured only by properly manufacturing it. What is the minimum thickness of the floor screed? After all, making it is not a cheap pleasure, and a small consumption of materials would allow achieving a certain degree of savings.
The screed is an important and even the main element of almost any room. It must be made in any case, since without it it is impossible to properly lay a fine floor covering. The screed also performs additional functions thermal and waterproofing, will provide and good level noise isolation if done correctly. But its main function is just in leveling the rough base and the correct distribution of the load on the floors.
In order to level the base, that is, the implementation of the first function of the screed, it is possible in certain situations to make a very thin layer in thickness. So, sometimes it is enough to make a screed with a thickness of about 5 mm. But in order to achieve the correct distribution of the load on the base, which will depend primarily on the thickness of the layer, sometimes it is necessary to fill in a much thicker layer.
On a note! The screed layer must calmly withstand a compressive load of 15 MPa. Moreover, the slope of the base should be minimal and not more than 0.2%.
Thus, the screed must be strong, reliable, not cracked, and even. The better this building element is made, the more likely it is to get floors that, as a result, will last without complaints for many years.
What affects layer thickness?
The thickness of the concrete screed layer depends on the influence of many factors. Let's consider the main ones:
- the state of the base, that is, the floors. This is one of the main factors affecting the final thickness of the screed layer. So, the greater the height difference of the rough base, the thicker the screed will turn out. Otherwise, it will simply not work to achieve even floors. Plus, the base can be covered with cracks, have some kind of protrusions - all this will affect the final thickness. That is, for example, if the base has very slight flaws, then the thickness of the concrete layer in the screed, according to SNiP, can be only 4 cm. If the height differences are too large, then you should prepare for the fact that the consumption of materials will increase - get off with a minimum layer will not work;
Important! A screed that is too thin can quickly collapse, even if it is filled in correctly. Therefore, when pouring a layer of minimum thickness, reinforcing elements will have to be used as a supplement. If they are not used, then the minimum layer should be at least 4 cm.
- type of solution used. Some materials allow you to achieve a strong, but very thin base. So the mixture used to fill the screed will also affect its thickness. Minimum flow will be indicated on the package. This point applies to all modern mixtures. Using the usual time-tested compositions or making a dry screed, one should expect that its minimum thickness in some cases can reach 8-15 cm. right level, but at the same time reduce the mass of the screed and the consumption of the concrete mixture;
- the presence of insulating layers for various purposes also affects the thickness of the screed layer. So, for example, a screed can be poured directly onto the floors, if their condition allows it. And in this case, sometimes 2 cm of the mixture is enough. But if there are layers, the screed will have to be made thicker. Even if only waterproofing is used.
It is important to remember that too thick a layer is not the best option. Excessiveness in this case can cause a decrease in the space between the ceiling and the floor, the material will dry for a long time, and if used, it will take much more energy to warm up the base than with the optimal or minimum layer. Also, do not forget about the increase in the mass of floors and the load on the floors. In some cases, a heavy thick screed is completely prohibited.
By the way, if you plan to equip a warm floor, this should also be taken into account when creating a screed. It must completely cover all heat sources. For example, if the diameter of pipes for underfloor heating is 2.5 cm, then the thickness of the screed should vary between 5-7 cm. Experts note that sometimes 4 cm of thickness is enough. Too thick a screed is not an option, as a lot of thermal energy will be spent on heating the concrete itself.
SNiP 2.03.13-88. Floors. Download file (click on the link to open the PDF file in a new window).
Video - Screed thickness with underfloor heating
What is the screed?
It was mentioned above that the thickness of the screed is also influenced by what it can be made of. Let's get acquainted with the main types of screed.
Table. Screed types.
| Type of | Description | Minimum Thickness |
|---|---|---|
| Classic. Such a screed has been used in construction for decades and does not lose its relevance due to its reliability. However, it is quite heavy, and it can not be used in all buildings. It is made independently from cement, sand and water. | 4-5 cm or less. In the latter case, it is important to use additional reinforcement. When mounted on concrete plates its thickness is at least 5 cm. In the absence of reinforcement - at least 7 cm. | |
| In this case, the screed is made of special formulations which can self-spread across the floor with a little help. You can achieve the thinnest screed layer. Often used as a finishing coat of screed before laying the final floor. Here the screed is very even relative to the horizon. | From a few millimeters to 2 cm. | |
| Ready-made mixtures are very convenient to use, but they are not cheap. Often this option goes where more money than to create a conventional concrete. But the bases from ready-made mixtures dry faster, and the layer usually requires a much smaller thickness. | In this case, all recommendations on the thickness of the layer should be looked at on the packaging - they are given by the manufacturer, the indicators for different mixtures may differ. | |
| In this case, the screed is made of expanded clay, special plates and a number of other elements. It is lightweight and easy to style, does not need to dry and can sometimes be used immediately after styling. | The thickness can be approximately 10-15 cm. And the minimum figure is 3.5 cm, provided that the thickness of the plates forming the surface is 2 cm. |
In some cases, the thickness of the concrete screed can reach 15 cm. This is a monolithic heavy thick floor, inside which reinforcement is necessarily used or for additional strengthening of the floors. In ordinary city apartments, this option is not used due to the fact that a significant load is created on interfloor ceilings. But in a private house, this screed can itself become both a foundation and a floor at the same time.
The minimum thickness of the screed layer will also increase if backfilling is applied. It can be crushed stone or expanded clay, poured onto the ground or a rough base, and is already poured on top concrete mix or fit. The thickness of the concrete layer cannot be less than 10 cm in this case.
Can the strap be made thinner?
In fact, it is not worth deviating from the minimum indicators of screed thickness recommended by experts, even in order to save money. This will be unjustified, since a thin layer will be unreliable, and all the same, over time, everything will have to be redone. Of course, no one forbids saving on materials, but too thin a layer can:
- cause rapid cracking of the screed;
- serve an extremely short period of time;
- be damaged when a heavy object falls to the floor;
- cause improper heat distribution when installing underfloor heating.
On a note! Sometimes you can still get out of the situation - to make a thin screed. But a decrease in thickness is allowed only if any plasticizer is added to the mixture - for example, lime, detergent, PVA, etc. There are also a number professional tools which can be bought in stores.
Screed installation: general rules
Knowing all aspects of the device and installation of the screed, you can start working. However, it is worth remembering a few rules that must be observed during this process. And they are relevant for absolutely any type of screed.
- Always waterproofing. Otherwise, during filling cement screed You can flood your neighbors. And in the future, pipe leaks are not ruled out. In this case, a neighbor's repair will again save the waterproofing layer. Also, in some cases, it allows you to get rid of adhesion, which is not always necessary when pouring the screed.
- The installation of a damper tape must be mandatory. The bottom line is that the screed changes its physical parameters during the drying process and can either crack itself or damage the walls. And in any case, it will soften the pressure of the poured base on the walls of the room. It is better to install the damper tape before laying the waterproofing layer.
Or in commercial premises. The preparation of the solution is carried out directly on the object from simple ingredients- sand, Portland cement, water and special additives (antifreeze, plasticizers).
The cement-sand mixture is ideal for a base where level differences do not exceed 5 cm. In other cases, it will lose its best performance characteristics.
Advantages and disadvantages
Due to its porous structure, cement and sand screed has excellent sound and thermal insulation properties. It is quite durable and wear resistant. Despite its excellent performance, the material has some disadvantages:
- a long period of drying and achieving design strength;
- pouring difficulties due to the presence of "wet" processes;
- significant weight, which increases the load on the floor;
- thickness limitation - 5-7 cm;
- if the pouring technology is not followed, the quality of the rough base is doubtful.
Device technology
Before pouring the solution, the base is cleaned of contaminants. Marks are placed along the contour of the room that correspond to the top of the future subfloor. Guide beacons are installed on the prepared base, which will facilitate the pouring and distribution of the solution over the surface. Fix around the perimeter of the room damper tape, which will prevent the destruction of the material during temperature changes.
To prepare the mortar, certain proportions of cement and sand are used, which will create a structure of a certain strength. To increase the service life of the structure, it is additionally reinforced. The fresh solution is distributed between the slats using the rule, and when it seizes, they are removed.
How much will it cost to fill the screed in Moscow?
Our company offers the most favorable prices in Moscow for the installation of a cement-sand screed in premises for any purpose. In each case we use the best materials and do not neglect the requirements of technology. The cost of the company's services can be found in our price list.
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