GOST R 51708-2001

STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

CENTRIFUGAL DUST COLLECTORS

GOSSTANDART OF RUSSIA

Moscow

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Joint Stock Company "Research Institute for Industrial and Sanitary Gas Purification" (JSC NIIOGAZ)

INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 264 "Gas-cleaning and dust-collecting equipment"

2 ADOPTED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the State Standard of Russia of January 29, 2001 No. 38-st

3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

GOST R 51708-2001

STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

CENTRIFUGAL DUST COLLECTORS

Safety requirements and test methods

Centrifugal dust collectors.

Safety requirement and methods of testing

Introduction date 2001-07-01

1 area of use

1.1 This standard applies to centrifugal dust collectors (hereinafter referred to as cyclones) designed to purify gases and air (including aspiration air) from suspended particles (dust). Cyclones at low capital and operating costs provide cleaning of gases from dust particles larger than 10 microns with an efficiency of 80 - 95%.

Cyclones are used to capture:

1) ash from flue gases of boiler plants;

2) dusty products carried away from various types of dryers;

3) granular catalyst in catalytic cracking processes;

4) dust removed after grinding;

5) granular and dusty products moving by pneumatic transport;

6) dust carried away from apparatuses in which processes with particles suspended in gases take place;

7) dust emitted by ventilation units.

Cyclones are used for preliminary purification of gases and installed in front of fine purification devices (bag filters, electrostatic precipitators).

The standard establishes the following types and designs of cyclones:

- depending on the method of supplying the gas flow to the apparatus

with tangential, conventional or helical entry,

with spiral entry

with axial (socket) input.

Cyclones with axial (socket) gas supply operate both with and without gas return to the upper part of the apparatus (straight-through cyclones);

- depending on the number of working elements in the device

single,

group (of two, four, six, eight or more cyclones),

battery (multicyclones).

Group and battery cyclones allow processing a large amount of gases without increasing the diameter of the cyclone element, i.e. without compromising dust collection efficiency.

The permissible concentration of dust in the cleaned gases depends on the properties of the dust (stickiness and abrasiveness), as well as on the diameter of the cyclone.

The main parameters of cyclones are set out in GOST 25757,,.

This International Standard may be used in the certification of cyclones.

All requirements of this standard are mandatory.

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

4.1 Each cyclone used independently or as part of a technological complex is equipped with operational documentation containing requirements (rules) that prevent the occurrence of dangerous situations during installation (dismantling), commissioning and operation.

4.2 The cyclone must meet safety requirements during the entire period of operation, provided that the consumer fulfills the requirements established in the operational documentation.

4.3 The design of the cyclones must exclude, in all intended modes of operation, loads on parts and assembly units that can cause damage that poses a danger to workers.

If it is possible that loads can occur that lead to damage to individual parts or assembly units that are dangerous for operating, then the cyclone must be equipped with devices that prevent the occurrence of breaking loads, and such parts and assembly units must be fenced or located so that their collapsing parts do not create traumatic situations. .

4.4 The design of the cyclone and its individual parts must exclude the possibility of their falling, overturning and spontaneous displacement under all envisaged conditions of operation and installation (dismantling). If, due to the shape of the cyclone, the distribution of masses of its individual parts and (or) the conditions of installation (dismantling), the necessary stability cannot be achieved, then means and methods of fixing must be provided, for which the operational documentation must contain appropriate requirements.

4.5 Structural elements of cyclones should not have sharp corners, edges, burrs and uneven surfaces that pose a risk of injury to workers.

4.6 Parts of the cyclone (including pipelines of hydro-, steam-, pneumatic systems, safety valves, cables, etc.), mechanical damage of which may cause a hazard, must be protected by guards or located so as to prevent their accidental damage by working or technical equipment. service.

4.7 The design of the cyclone should exclude spontaneous loosening or separation of fasteners of assembly units and parts.

4.8 The cyclone must be fire and explosion proof under the intended operating conditions.

4.9 The design of the cyclone must be made in such a way as to exclude the accumulation of static electricity charges in an amount that is dangerous for the worker, and the possibility of fire and explosion.

4.10 The cyclone should not be a source of noise and vibration.

A cyclone designed to work with an explosive gas environment must meet the requirements of GOST 12.1.010. The cyclone must be equipped with devices that divert the directed blast wave.

Cyclone seals designed to work with flammable and explosive environments must prevent the formation of combustible and explosive mixtures in the working and non-working states of the cyclone according to OST 26-14-2011.

The temperature of the outer surface of the shell with thermal insulation in the places of maintenance should not exceed 45 °C.

Thermal insulation must be made of mineral or organic thermal insulation materials. The thermal insulation layer, if necessary, must be protected by a waterproof shell.

If the purpose of the cyclone and the conditions of its operation (for example, use outside the production premises) cannot completely exclude the contact of the worker with its hot parts, then the operational documentation should contain a requirement to use personal protective equipment.

The need for fire extinguishing equipment and other means used in emergency situations at workplaces should be established in the standards, regulatory documents for cyclones of specific groups, types, models (brands).

If the location of the workplace makes it necessary to move and (or) find the worker above the floor level, then the design should provide for platforms, stairs, railings, other devices, the dimensions and design of which should exclude the possibility of workers falling and ensure convenient and safe performance of labor operations, including operations for maintenance.

4.14 The design of cyclones should ensure the safety of workers during installation (dismantling), commissioning and operation, both in the case of autonomous use and as part of technological complexes, subject to the requirements (conditions, rules) provided for by the operational documentation.

4.15 Cyclones must be provided with signaling and blocking devices that are triggered in case of violation of the established technological mode of operation.

4.16 Workers who have studied their device and maintenance methods are allowed to service cyclones.

4.17 The design of cyclones should be designed for the maximum operating (excess) pressure or vacuum that may occur during operation.

4.18 Cyclones designed to operate under overpressure over 0.07 Pa must comply with the requirements set forth in.

4.19 Shutdown of cyclones for economic or other considerations not provided for by the technological process is prohibited.

4.20 The operation of cyclones should be carried out in accordance with the requirements.

4.21 Work related to the inclusion, operation, repair of cyclones should be carried out in compliance with the safety instructions in force at the enterprise.

4.22 All types of work inside the cyclone body should be carried out using overalls and other protective equipment for workers in accordance with GOST 12.4.011 in accordance with the procedure and safety rules established at a particular enterprise.

4.23 Officials of an enterprise or organization directly involved in the operation or repair of cyclones, as well as persons in charge of the specified service of an enterprise or organization guilty of violating safety regulations, bear criminal, administrative or disciplinary responsibility in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

5 Test methods

5.1 Checking the appearance, completeness and quality of installation of cyclones is carried out by visual inspection of the complete equipment and its individual elements.

During the inspection, it is necessary to make sure that there are no foreign objects inside the cyclone body and the condition of thermal insulation and anti-corrosion coatings; check the readiness of places for connecting measuring instruments, the quality of installation of gates and hatches, the performance of welds and connections that affect the tightness of the equipment.

5.2 Checking the overall dimensions of the cyclone should be performed by means of measuring the length used at the manufacturer.

5.3 Checking the mass of the cyclone should be done by weighing the empty cyclone assembly or parts thereof on a balance or using a dynamometer.

5.4 In the manufacture of a cyclone, quality control of welds made by arc welding in accordance with GOST 5264, GOST 11534, GOST 14771, GOST 14776, GOST 14806, GOST 16037, GOST 16038, GOST 27580; welding in shielding gas according to GOST 23518; submerged arc welding according to GOST 8713, GOST 11533; electroslag welding according to GOST 15164; contact welding according to GOST 15878, carried out by the following methods:

Visual control and measurement;

mechanical test;

Test for resistance to intergranular corrosion;

Metallographic research;

Steeloscopy;

Ultrasonic flaw detection;

Radiation method;

Measuring the hardness of the weld metal;

Color or magnetic particle flaw detection;

Other methods (acoustic emission, luminescent control, determination of the content of the ferrite phase, etc.) provided for by the technical design.

5.5 After the expiration of the designated service life, the cyclone is subjected to a test for the reliability of further service with checking the thickness of the body walls by ultrasonic method in accordance with GOST 14782, by radiation - in accordance with GOST 7512 or in another way determined by the developer, and the compliance of the main technical indicators with regulatory documents for the cyclone is established.

5.6 Leak test

The method of checking the cyclone for tightness is determined by the developer.

Testing of welds for through defects is carried out by capillary, hydraulic or pneumatic methods.

The surface of the controlled seam from the outside should be covered with a chalk solution, and from the inside it should be abundantly moistened with kerosene during the entire test period. The exposure time must be at least indicated in the table.

Table 1 - Weld holding time when tested with kerosene

Welds are considered impervious if kerosene stains do not appear on the surface of the controlled seam with the applied chalk solution during the exposure time.

5.6.2 Hydraulic test

5.6.2.1 The hydraulic test must be carried out on the manufacturer's test bench. It is allowed to perform hydraulic testing of oversized cyclones transported in parts and assembled at the installation site after completion of assembly, welding and other works at the installation site.

5.6.2.2 Hydraulic testing of the cyclone should be carried out with fasteners and gaskets provided for in the regulatory documents for a specific apparatus.

(1)

where R - design pressure determined according to GOST 14249, MPa (kgf / cm 2),

[σ] 20 and [σ] t- allowable stresses for the material, respectively, at 20 °C and design temperaturet, MPa (kgf / cm 2).

Notes

1 If the material of a separate part or assembly unit (shell, bottom, flange, fasteners, branch pipe) of the vessel is less strong or if its design pressure or design temperature is less than that of other parts or assembly units, then the cyclone should be tested with a test pressure determined for this part or assembly unit.

2 It is allowed to determine the test pressure for cyclones designed for the corresponding climatic zones, taking into account the conditions of this zone, the design pressure or design temperature of which is less important.

3 If R etc, determined by the formula (), causes the need to thicken the wall of the cyclone body operating under external pressure, then for hydraulic testing it is allowed to calculate the test pressure according to the formula

where E 20 and E t- moduli of elasticity of the material, respectively, at 20 °C and design temperature t, MPa (kgf / cm 2).

4 The test pressure when testing a cyclone designed to operate with different design parameters (pressures or temperatures) should be taken equal to the maximum of the determined experimental values of test pressures for various design parameters.

5 The maximum deviation of the test pressure should not be more than 5%.

5.6.2.4 Hydraulic testing of cyclones installed vertically is allowed to be carried out in a horizontal position, provided that the strength of the cyclone body is ensured.

The strength calculation must be performed by the developer of regulatory documents for this cyclone.

In this case, the test pressure should be taken taking into account the hydrostatic pressure, if the latter acts on the cyclone under operating conditions, and controlled by a pressure gauge installed on the upper generatrix of the cyclone body.

5.6.2.5 Water is used for hydraulic testing of cyclones. It is allowed, upon agreement with the developer, to use another liquid as a test medium.

The temperature difference between the cyclone wall and the ambient air during the test shall not cause moisture to fall on the surface of the cyclone walls.

The value of the exposure time of the cyclone (parts, assembly units) under test pressure must be at least the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the table.

Table 2 - Cyclone exposure time under test pressure

After holding the cyclone (part, assembly unit) under test pressure, it is necessary to reduce the pressure to the calculated one and conduct a visual inspection of the outer surface, detachable and welded joints. Tapping of the cyclone during the tests is not allowed.

NOTE - Visual inspection of cyclones operating under vacuum should be carried out at test pressure.

5.6.2.7 Test pressure during hydraulic testing should be controlled using two pressure gauges. Both pressure gauges choose the same type, measurement limit, accuracy class, the same division value. Pressure gauges must have an accuracy class of at least 2.5.

5.6.2.8 After the hydraulic test, the water must be completely removed.

5.6.2.9 Testing of cyclones operating without pressure (for filling) should be carried out by wetting the welds with kerosene in accordance with.

5.6.2.10 It is allowed to replace the hydraulic test by agreement with the developer with pneumatic (compressed air, inert gas or a mixture of air with a control gas), if the hydraulic test is impossible due to: high stress from the mass of water in the cyclone or the foundation of the test bench; difficult removal of water from the cyclone; possible violation of internal coatings; ambient air temperature below 0 °С; failure to withstand the load created when the cyclone is filled with water, load-bearing structures and foundations of test benches, etc.

5.6.3 Pneumatic test

Before the pneumatic test, the cyclone must be subjected to internal and external inspections, and the welds must be subjected to 100% ultrasonic flaw detection or radiation testing.

The test pressure must be determined from .

The exposure time of the cyclone under test pressure should be at least 0.08 h (5 min).

After exposure under test pressure, it is necessary to reduce the pressure to the calculated value, inspect the surface of the cyclone and check the tightness of welded and detachable joints with soapy water or in another way.

Control during the pneumatic test must be carried out by the method of acoustic emission.

5.6.4 The test results are considered satisfactory if during their implementation there are no:

Pressure drop on the manometer;

Passes of the test environment (leakage, sweating, air or gas bubbles) in welded joints and on the base metal;

signs of a break;

Leaks in detachable connections;

Residual deformations.

Note e - It is allowed not to consider leaks of the test medium through the leaks of the reinforcement, if they do not interfere with the maintenance of the test pressure.

5.6.5 The value of the test pressure and the test results must be entered in the passport for the cyclone.

5.7 Sampling to determine the concentration of harmful substances at the cyclone inlet and outlet is carried out in accordance with GOST R 50820 in accordance with the program and methods agreed by all interested organizations.

5.8 Hydraulic resistance is calculated as the difference between the total pressures at the cyclone inlet and outlet in terms of . , kJ / 1000 m 3, is spent on overcoming the hydraulic resistance of the cyclone by gas and is calculated by the formula

I en = ∆ R, (3)

where ∆ R - hydraulic resistance of the cyclone, Pa.

In these calculations, losses in the fan are not taken into account, since its efficiency can be different depending on the design and mode of operation.

APPENDIX A

(reference)

Bibliography

Keywords:gas cleaning, cyclone

Instruction

Introduction

This manual has been compiled on the basis of:

Rules for the operation of gas treatment plants (PEU), approved by the Ministry of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering of the USSR on November 28, 1983.

General provisions

The instructions set out the basic provisions for the operation and maintenance of cyclones type U21-BBTs-200.

In addition to this manual, the following main regulatory documents must be followed:

GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area".

GOST 17.2.302-78 "Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rules for Establishing Permissible Emissions of Harmful Substances by Industrial Enterprises"

GOST 12.1.004-91 SSBT “Fire safety. General requirements".

GOST 12.4.021-75 "Ventilation systems. General requirements".

Mounted, debugged and tested dust collecting installations (cyclones) are allowed for operation.

Responsible for the operation of cyclones is department head.

The direct operation of dust collection plants (cyclones) is carried out by cleaning equipment operator who knows their device, has learned the rules for their safe and proper operation and has been instructed in labor protection.

a) diagram of the device and control of the U21-BBTs-200 cyclone installation

The battery of cyclones is the main unit of the battery installation of cyclones,

used to clean dusty air and is a welded structure consisting of four cyclones assembled on two covers. A prefabricated box is bolted to the top cover, and a prefabricated cone is attached to the bottom cover.

The assembly box, which serves to collect purified air from cyclones and discharge it into the purified air duct, has a flange on the side surface for connecting an outlet pipe when the purified air is ejected to the side.

The outlet branch pipe (with a mating flange and gasket) used to connect the purified air duct to the collection box, is a welded adapter equipped with two flanges. One flange (straight angular) - is attached to the prefabricated box, and the second (round) - to the air duct.

View :

Input (1), collecting cone (2), outlet pipe (3).

Fig.1

The inlet branch pipe (with a mating flange and gasket), which serves to supply dusty air to the cyclones, is a welded adapter with two flanges. One flange (rectangular) connects the branch pipe to the battery of cyclones, and the second (round) to the dusty air duct.

The collection cone, which serves to collect settled dust, is a welded conical adapter.

The general view of the cyclone is shown in Fig. 1

Dusty air through the inlet pipe falls into cyclones and receives a rotational helical motion. Dust particles, being heavier, under the action of centrifugal force, are pressed against the walls of the cyclones, lose speed and roll down into the collecting cone.

The collected dust is discharged into the dust pipeline, and the purified air through the exhaust pipes of the cyclones and the collection box is discharged from the cyclones into outlet pipe.

b) technical characteristics of gas purification devices included in the installation U21-BBTS-200

Operation parameters of the U21-BBTs-200 cyclone

Table 1

***

Name
optimal
(regulated)
parameters

Unit
measurements

Indicators
work
launch pads

Gas capacity (inlet)

thousand m3/hour

1,15

Gas capacity (outlet)

thousand m 3 / hour

1,12

Hydraulic resistance

kPa

0,33

The temperature of the purified gas at the inlet

°C

The temperature of the purified gas at the outlet

°C

Pressure (vacuum) of the cleaned air at the inlet

kPa

0,4

Moisture content of gas (air)

g/m 3

19,51

The concentration of harmful substances in the purified gas at the inlet

g/m 3

0,1324

The concentration of harmful substances in the purified gas at the outlet

g/m 3

0,0065

barometric pressure

hPa

1016

Cleaning degree

95,21

***

Cyclone performance

table 2

***

Dimensions
Cyclones

200

225

250

275

300

350

400

450

500

550

Productivity, m3/hour

1060

1350

1670

2030

2420

3220

4240

5390

6680

8100

***

Table 3

Overall dimensions (air discharge upwards), mm:

***

Cyclone sizes

200

225

250

275

300

350

400

450

500

550

Shirena, L

940

975

1050

1157

1257

Height, H

2707

2809

3068

3167

3460

3665

4329

4531

5041

5238

Weight, kg

340

335

385

395

500

530

625

655

760

805

***

The main technical characteristics of the cyclone are given in Tables 1-3.

Each gas purification device (cyclone) has a technical passport, which indicates the operational performance of the installation - design or standard, such as gas (air) performance at the inlet and outlet, temperature of the purified gas at the inlet and outlet, hydraulic resistance, moisture content of the gas (air ), pressure (vacuum) of the cleaned air at the outlet and inlet, the concentration of harmful substances in the cleaned gas (air) at the inlet and outlet, the MPE standard, the efficiency of gas (air) purification, which the operation of the installation must comply with. An annual check is carried out to ensure that the actual parameters of the CCGT operation comply with the design ones. The results of the check are drawn up in an act and entered in the passport of the installation with the date indicated.

c) information about the control and automation devices provided for by the project

GOU operating under pressure must be provided with instrumentation and safety devices in accordance with the operating instructions for the GOU of the manufacturer.

GOU, in which the formation of explosive mixtures is possible, must be equipped with devices for monitoring their concentrations with alarm devices and automatic disconnection of process equipment from the power supply and GOU.

Control and measuring devices that are part of the GOU must be in good order, pass state tests or metrological certification, as well as verification in the bodies of the state metrological service in the manner prescribed by law.

The operation of measuring instruments is carried out in accordance with the requirements of passports and instructions for operation and maintenance of the instrument manufacturers.

Means of automation, mechanization and signaling used in the operation of the GOU must be in good order and comply with the characteristics specified in the passports of the plants - manufacturers.

e) the mode of operation of the technological equipment, which provides optimal parameters for the operation of the installation.

During the operation of gas treatment plants, documentation is maintained that contains the main indicators characterizing the operating mode of the installation (deviations from the optimal mode, detected malfunctions, cases of deviation of individual units or failure of the entire installation.

Gas treatment plants must be inspected to assess their technical condition at least once every six months by a commission appointed by the management of the enterprise.

Based on the results of the inspection, an act is drawn up and, if necessary, measures are developed to establish the identified deficiencies.

The act is attached to the installation passport

E) a list of accounting and reporting documentation for the operation and maintenance of the installation, indicating the frequency of its completion

During the operation of gas purification plants, documentation is maintained that records the main indicators of the installation, as well as deviations from the optimal mode, detected malfunctions, failure of the entire installation, etc.

The person responsible for the operation of cyclones is obliged to have and ensure the maintenance of the following accounting and reporting documentation:

The act of commissioning a ventilation system with a cyclone;

Technical passport for gas treatment plant (cyclone);

Instructions for the operation and maintenance of the cyclone;

Schedule of preventive maintenance of ventilation equipment with a cyclone;

Magazine for the operation and repair of ventilation equipment with a cyclone;

Journal of accounting for the operation of the cyclone in the form POD-3 daily

g) the procedure for starting, stopping and servicing the installation

Before starting work, you must:

Check the tightness of the dust bins and the closures of the dust outlet pipes.

Check the dust removal mechanism (shutters on the hoppers), repair if necessary.

Check the serviceability of the cyclone (no breaks, holes in the body), repair if necessary.

Close hatches.

Remove foreign objects near the cyclones, if any.

Check the presence of lighting in the ventilation chamber, in the absence of light, require the electrician on duty to troubleshoot.

Check the tightness of the connections of the air duct with the cyclone and cyclones with the bunker (presence of gaskets, tightening of bolts), seal if necessary.

Make sure that the repair work is completed, the dust collector is fixed and ready for operation.

Cyclone start.

After checking the tightness and serviceability of the cyclone, the ventilation system with the cyclone is started. After the gas cleaning plant is put into operation, the equipment that it serves is started up.

During work it is necessary:

Monitor the tightness of the cyclone, bunker, air ducts, avoiding leaks (when working for injection) and air leaks (when working for suction)

Ensure timely removal of dust from the hopper, preventing caking and its cementation.

Cyclone stop.

Stopping the ventilation system with a cyclone is carried out after stopping the equipment that it serves.

When operating cyclones, it is necessary to carry out all repair work in a timely manner. Current and major repairs of gas treatment plants are carried out in accordance with the approved preventive maintenance (PPR) schedule.

Routine maintenance is checking the health of the body, the absence of dents, rust, checking the tightness of all flange connections and fasteners, pipelines with shut-off and control valves, cleaning from dust, eliminating corrosion, tightening bolted connections, eliminating, eliminating minor faults.

Current repairs are carried out once every 8 months. Current repair operations are straightening dents, replacing rusted areas, tightening loose places of flange joints and fasteners, complete cleaning of dust and dirt, partial painting.

Major repairs are carried out once every 4 years. All maintenance operations, partial or complete replacement of all structural elements are carried out.

Responsibilities of the operator of the cleaning equipment serving the cyclone.

All requirements for operation (see section g of this manual)

H) a list of wear parts and the most common faults with an indication of how to eliminate them

***

Device name

Nature of damage

The reason for the failure of the node device

Remedy

U21-BBTS-200

Destruction of the inlet pipe

Corrosion

Nozzle replacement

VP -50

Bearing wear

Depreciation wear

Bearing replacement

ZVS-20

Feeder wear

abrasive wear

Feeder replacement

U21-BBTS-200

Perforations in the inlet pipe

abrasive wear

Nozzle replacement

VP-50

Broken drive belt

Depreciation wear

Drive belt replacement

VP-50

Perforations in flexible insert

Depreciation wear

Replacing the flexible insert

***

I) the procedure for personnel in emergency situations (on process equipment and gas treatment plants)

Emergency stop of the ventilation system with cyclones.

A ventilation unit with a cyclone must be stopped in the following cases:

When air ducts break at the inlet or outlet of the cyclones;

In case of breakage of the cyclone body, the hopper body or the shutter on the hopper.

It is necessary to turn off the equipment, and then the ventilation unit with a cyclone.

In all cases, warn the shift manager serviced by this ventilation unit about the reason for the stop.

In the event of a fire, you must:

Immediately notify the supervisor of work and all those working in the room about the fire;

Notify the fire brigade by phone number 01 about the fire, while indicating its place, what is on fire, your name and position;

Turn off equipment, turn off ventilation and assemblies;

before the arrival of firefighters, proceed with the elimination of the source of fire with primary fire extinguishing means (fire extinguisher);

Comply with all orders of the department head.

j) safety rules for the operation and maintenance of installations with a list of auxiliary devices and inventory for the operation and maintenance of the installation.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed:

Preliminary medical examination;

Training and testing knowledge on safe methods and techniques for performing work in both requirements of this instruction;

Initial briefing on labor protection at the workplace.

Responsibility for the timely conduct of re-tests of knowledge and briefings rests with the head of the unit, who has been certified as a person responsible for labor protection.

Maintenance personnel may be allowed to service dust collectors (cyclones) only after familiarizing themselves with this her instructions.

When operating cyclones, the generally accepted safety rules must be observed:

Drives of fans and other equipment located near cyclones must have a fence;

When carrying out any type of maintenance of cyclones, there must be provided lighting;

It is strictly forbidden to carry out any work on the cyclones when the ventilation units are turned on.

Internal inspection and work inside dust and gas trapping installations is allowed to be carried out:

After disconnecting the units from the air ducts with plugs or during the shutdown of all technological equipment serviced by this ventilation unit with a cyclone;

After careful ventilation of the cases of dust-collecting installations and laboratory control of the air leaving the cyclone;

After the device of artificial ventilation of closed volumes, inside which harmful substances can accumulate, with systematic laboratory control over the purity of the air;

After cooling the installation to a temperature of 50 C;

with constant supervision of people inside the installation by a power engineer (mechanic) in the presence of an order for especially dangerous work and in the presence of means for quick evacuation if necessary.

Name:

Centrifugal dust collectors. Safety requirements and test methods

Active

Introduction date:

Cancellation date:

Replaced with:

Text GOST 31831-2012 Centrifugal dust collectors. Safety requirements and test methods

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

CENTRIFUGAL DUST COLLECTORS

Safety requirements and test methods

Official edition

Standartinform

GOST 31831-2012

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions” and GOST 1.2-2009 “Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application. updates and cancellations

About the standard

1 PREPARED BY Federal State Unitary Enterprise "All-Russian Research Institute for Standardization and Certification in Mechanical Engineering" (VNIINMASH)

2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart)

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes of November 15, 2012 No 42)

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated November 21, 2012 No. 989-st, the interstate standard GOST 31831-2012 was put into effect as the national standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2014.

5 This standard has been prepared on the basis of the application of GOST R 51708-2001 in INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the monthly published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of the Internet

in the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced. replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

GOST 31831-2012

1 Scope ........................................................1

3 Definitions

4 Safety requirements ..........

5 Test methods ...............................

Annex (informative) A Bibliography

CD SL U> N>

GOST 31831-2012

INTERSTATE STANDARD

CENTRIFUGAL DUST COLLECTORS Safety requirements and test methods

centrifugal duet collectors. Safety requirement and methods of testing

Introduction date - 2014-01-01

1 area of use

1.1 This standard applies to centrifugal dust collectors (hereinafter referred to as cyclones) designed to purify gases and air (including aspiration air) from suspended particles (dust). Cyclones, at low capital and operating costs, provide cleaning of gases from dust particles larger than 10 microns with an efficiency of 80% -95%.

Cyclones are used to capture:

1) ash from flue gases of boiler plants:

2) dusty products carried away from various types of dryers;

3) granular catalyst in catalytic cracking processes;

4) dust removed after grinding:

5) granular and dusty products moving by pneumatic transport;

6) dust carried away from apparatuses in which processes with particles suspended in gases take place;

7) dust emitted by ventilation units.

Cyclones are used for preliminary purification of gases and installed in front of fine purification devices (bag filters, electrostatic precipitators).

The standard establishes the following types and designs of cyclones:

Depending on the method of supplying the gas flow to the apparatus with a tangential, conventional or helical inlet.

with a spiral entrance, with an axial (roetochky) entrance.

Cyclones with axial (socket) gas supply operate both with and without gas return to the upper part of the apparatus (straight-through cyclones);

Depending on the number of working elements in the apparatus, they are single.

group (of two, four, six, eight or more cyclones), battery (multicyclones).

Group and battery cyclones allow processing a large amount of gases without increasing the diameter of the cyclone element, i.e. without reducing the efficiency of dust collection.

The permissible concentration of dust in the gases to be purified depends (1) on the properties of the dust (stickiness and abrasiveness), as well as on the diameter of the cyclone.

The main parameters of cyclones are set out in GOST 25757,. (four].

This International Standard may be used in the certification of cyclones.

All requirements of this standard are mandatory.

Official edition

GOST 31831-2012

GOST 12.1.010-76 Occupational safety standards system. Explosion safety. General requirements

GOST 12.2.003-91 Occupational safety standards system. Production equipment. General safety requirements

GOST 12.4.011-89 System of labor safety standards. Means of protection for workers. General requirements and classification

GOST 17.2.4.06-90 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Methods for determining the speed and flow rate of gas and dust flows from stationary sources of pollution

GOST 17.2.4.07-90 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Methods for Determining Pressure and Temperature of Gas and Dust Flows from Stationary Pollution Sources

GOST 17.2.4.08-90 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Method for Determining the Moisture of Gasoline Flows from Stationary Pollution Sources

GOST 5264-80 Manual arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 7512-82 Non-destructive testing. Connections are welded. Radiographic method GOST 8713-79 Submerged arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 11533-75 Automatic and semi-automatic submerged arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 11534-75 Manual arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 14249-89 Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods for calculating the strength of GOST 14771-76 Gas-shielded arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 14776-79 Arc welding. Welded spot joints. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 14782-86 Non-destructive testing. Connections are welded. Ultrasonic methods GOST 14806-80 Arc welding of aluminum and aluminum alloys in inert gases. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 15164-78 Electroslag welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 15878-79 Contact welding. Connections are welded. Structural elements and dimensions GOST 16037-80 Welded steel pipeline joints. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 16038-80 Arc welding. Welded pipeline connections made of copper and copper-nickel alloy. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 23518-79 Shielded arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 25757-83 Inertial dry dust collectors. Types and main parameters GOST 27580-88 Arc welding of aluminum and aluminum alloys in inert gases. Joints are welded with subacute and obtuse corners. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

Note - When using a non-current standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards according to the index "National Standards", compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding issues of the information index for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the changing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Definitions

8 of this standard, the following terms apply with their respective definitions:

3.1 dust collector: Apparatus for cleaning gases (air) from suspended particles.

3.2 cyclone: A dust collector in which gas is cleaned from suspended particles under the action of centrifugal forces.

3.3 dry cyclone

GOST 31831-2012

3.4 tangential inlet cyclone: A cyclone in which the incoming gas moves tangentially to the circumference of the cross section of the apparatus body and perpendicular to the axis of the body.

3.5 axial cyclone: A cyclone in which the incoming and outgoing gas flows move along its axis.

3.6 helical inlet cyclone: A cyclone in which the movement of the incoming gas flow acquires a helical character with the help of a tangential inlet pipe and a top cover with a helical surface.

3.7 spiral inlet cyclone: A cyclone with a spiral inlet connection to the cyclone body.

3.8 hopper

3.9 angle of inclination

3.10 pneumometric tube

3.11 environmental safety: Safe conditions for human life, determined by the impact on his body of substances in the environment.

4 Safety requirements

General safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.2.003.

4.2 The cyclone must meet safety requirements during the entire period of operation, provided that the consumer fulfills the requirements established in the operational documentation.

4.3 The design of the cyclones must exclude, in all intended modes of operation, loads on parts and assembly units that can cause damage that poses a danger to workers.

If it is possible that loads can occur that lead to damage to individual parts or assembly units that are dangerous for operating, then the cyclone must be equipped with devices that prevent the occurrence of breaking loads, and such parts and assembly units must be protected or located in such a way. so that their collapsing parts do not create traumatic situations.

4.5 Structural elements of cyclones should not have sharp corners, edges, burrs and uneven surfaces that pose a risk of injury to workers.

4.6 Parts of the cyclone (including pipelines for hydro, steam, pneumatic systems, safety valves, cables, etc.). mechanical damage to which may cause a hazard, must be protected by barriers or located in such a way. to prevent accidental damage by operating or maintenance equipment.

4.7 The design of the cyclone should exclude spontaneous loosening or separation of fasteners of assembly units and parts.

4.8 The cyclone must be fire and explosion proof under the intended operating conditions.

4.9 The design of the cyclone should be done as follows. to prevent the accumulation of static electricity charges in an amount that is dangerous to the worker, and the possibility of fire and explosion.

4.10 The cyclone should not be a source of noise and vibration.

4.11 The cyclone should be made like this. so that the concentration of harmful substances in the working area, as well as their emissions into the environment during operation, do not exceed the permissible values established by GOST 12.1.005 and sanitary standards.

GOST 31831-2012

A cyclone designed to work with an explosive gas environment must meet the requirements of GOST 12.1.010. The cyclone must be equipped with devices that divert the directed blast wave.

The temperature of the outer surface of the shell with thermal insulation in the places of maintenance should not exceed 45 °C.

Thermal insulation must be made of mineral or organic thermal insulation materials. The thermal insulation layer, if necessary, must be protected by a waterproof shell.

If the purpose of the cyclone and the conditions of its operation (for example, use outside the production premises) cannot completely exclude the contact of the worker with its hot parts, then the operational documentation must contain a requirement to use personal protective equipment.

4.14 The design of cyclones should ensure the safety of workers during installation (dismantling). commissioning and operation both in the case of autonomous use and as part of technological complexes, subject to the requirements (conditions, rules) provided for by the operational documentation.

4.15 Cyclones must be provided with signaling and blocking devices that are triggered in case of violation of the established technological mode of operation.

4.16 Workers who have studied their device and maintenance methods are allowed to service cyclones.

4.17 The design of cyclones should be designed for the maximum operating (excess) pressure or vacuum that may occur during operation.

4.18 Cyclones designed to operate under excess pressure over 0.07 Pa. must comply with the requirements set out in (6).

4.19 Shutdown of cyclones for economic or other considerations not provided for by the technological process is prohibited.

4.20 The operation of cyclones should be carried out in accordance with the requirements.

4.21 Work related to the inclusion, operation, repair of cyclones should be carried out in compliance with the safety instructions in force at the enterprise.

4.23 Officials of an enterprise or organization directly involved in the operation or repair of cyclones, as well as persons in charge of the specified service of an enterprise or organization guilty of violating safety regulations, bear criminal, administrative or disciplinary liability in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the states mentioned in the preface as those who voted for the adoption of the interstate standard.

GOST 31831-2012

5 Test methods

5.1 Checking the appearance, completeness and quality of installation of cyclones is carried out by visual inspection of the complete equipment and its individual elements.

5.2 Checking the overall dimensions of the cyclone should be performed by means of measuring the length. used on the manufacturer.

5.3 Checking the mass of the cyclone should be done by weighing the empty cyclone assembly or parts thereof on a balance or using a dynamometer.

5.4 In the manufacture of a cyclone, quality control of welds made by arc welding in accordance with GOST 5264. 11534. 14771, 14776, 14806. 16037, 16038. 27580; welding in shielding gas according to GOST 23518; submerged arc welding according to GOST 8713.11533; electroslag welding according to GOST 15164; resistance welding according to GOST 15878. is carried out by the following methods:

Visual control and measurement;

Mechanical test.

Test for resistance to intergranular corrosion;

Metallographic research;

Steeloscopy;

Ultrasonic flaw detection;

Radiation method;

Measuring the hardness of the weld metal;

Color or magnetic particle flaw detection;

Other methods (acoustic emission, luminescent control, determination of the content of the ferrite phase, etc.) provided for by the technical design.

5.5 After the expiration of the designated service life, the cyclone is subjected to a test for the reliability of further service with checking the thickness of the walls of the body using an ultrasonic method according to GOST 14782. Radiation - according to GOST 7512 or another method. determined by the developer, and establish the compliance of the main technical indicators with regulatory documents for the cyclone.

5.6 Leak test

The method of checking the cyclone for tightness is determined by the developer.

Testing of welds for through defects is carried out by capillary, hydraulic or pneumatic methods.

5.6.1 Capillary method (wetting with kerosene)

The surface of the controlled seam from the outside should be covered with a chalk solution, and from the inside it should be abundantly moistened with kerosene during the entire test period. The holding time must not be less than that specified in Table 1.

Table 1 - Weld holding time when tested with kerosene

Welds are considered impervious if kerosene stains do not appear on the surface of the controlled seam with the applied chalk solution during the exposure time.

5.6.2 Hydraulic test

5.6.2.1 The hydraulic test must be carried out on the manufacturer's test bench. Hydraulic testing of oversized cyclones transported

GOST 31831-2012

parts and assembled at the installation site, to be carried out after assembly, welding and other work at the installation site.

5.6.2.2 Hydraulic testing of the cyclone should be carried out with fasteners and gaskets provided for in the regulatory documents for a particular apparatus.

5.6.2.3 Hydraulic testing of the cyclone (assembly units, parts), with the exception of cast ones, should be carried out with a test pressure Р ap. MPa (kgf / cm 2), calculated by the formula

P = 1.25p!^2L. (one)

where P is the design pressure determined according to GOST 14249. MPa (kgf / cm 2).

Igo and I, - allowable stresses for the material, respectively, at 20 V C and design theme *

literature L MPa (ktf / cm 3).

Notes

2 It is allowed for cyclones designed for the corresponding climatic zones, the test pressure is determined taking into account the conditions of this zone, the design pressure or design temperature of which is less important.

3 If P^. determined by formula (1). causes the need to thicken the wall of the cyclone body operating under external pressure, then for a hydraulic test it is allowed to calculate the test pressure according to the formula

P n [> « 1.25 ^ 2-P.

where ^„ and E, are the elastic moduli of the material, respectively, at 20 'C and the design temperature, g. MPa (kgf / cm 1).

4 Test pressure when testing a cyclone designed to operate with different design parameters (pressures or temperatures) should be taken equal to the maximum of the determined experimental values of test pressures for various design parameters

5 The maximum deviation of the test pressure should not be more than S%.

5.6.2.4 Hydraulic testing of cyclones installed vertically is allowed to be carried out in a horizontal position, provided that the strength of the cyclone body is ensured.

The strength calculation must be performed by the developer of regulatory documents for this cyclone.

5.6.2.5 Water is used for hydraulic testing of cyclones. It is allowed, in agreement with the developer, to use another liquid as a test medium.

The temperature difference between the cyclone wall and the ambient air during the test shall not cause moisture to fall on the surface of the cyclone walls.

5.6.2.6 The pressure in the test cyclone should be increased and decreased gradually according to the manufacturer's instructions. The rate of rise and fall of pressure should not be more than 0.5 MPa (5 kgf / cm 3) per minute.

The value of the exposure time of the cyclone (parts, assembly units) under test pressure must be at least the values indicated in Table 2.

Table 2 - Cyclone exposure time under test pressure

GOST 31831-2012

Note - visual inspection of cyclones operating under vacuum should be carried out at test pressure.

5.6.27 Test pressure during hydraulic testing should be controlled using two pressure gauges. Both pressure gauges choose the same type, measurement limit, accuracy class, the same division value. Pressure gauges must have an accuracy class of at least 2.5.

5.6.2.8 After the hydraulic test, the water must be completely removed.

5.6.2.9 Testing of cyclones operating without pressure (for filling) should be carried out by wetting the welds with kerosene in accordance with 5.6.1.

5.6.2.10 It is allowed to replace the hydraulic test by agreement with the developer with pneumatic (compressed air, inert gas or a mixture of air with a control gas), if the hydraulic test is impossible due to: high stress from the mass of water in the cyclone or the foundation of the test stand: difficult water removal from the cyclone: possible damage to internal coatings: ambient air temperatures below 0 * C: failure to withstand the load created when the cyclone is filled with water, load-bearing structures and foundations of test benches, etc.

5.6.3 Pneumatic test

Before the pneumatic test, the cyclone must be subjected to internal and external inspections, and the welds must be subjected to 100% ultrasonic flaw detection or radiation testing.

The test pressure shall be determined no. 5.6.2.3.

The exposure time of the cyclone under test pressure should be at least 0.06 h (5 min).

Control during the pneumatic test must be carried out by the method of acoustic emission.

5.6.4 The test results are considered satisfactory if during their implementation there are no:

Pressure drop on the manometer;

Leaks of the test medium (leakage, sweating, air or gas bubbles) in welded joints and on the base metal:

signs of a break;

Leaks in detachable connections;

Residual deformations.

5.6.5 The value of the test pressure and the test results must be entered in the passport for the cyclone.

5.7 Sampling to determine the concentration of harmful substances at the entrance to and exit from the cyclone is carried out according to the requirements of national standards * of the states mentioned in the preface as having voted for the adoption of this interstate standard in accordance with the program and methods agreed by all interested organizations.

5.8 Hydraulic resistance is calculated as the difference in total pressures at the cyclone inlet and outlet according to GOST 17.2.4.06.

5.9 Determination of the gas flow rate and productivity of the purified gas is carried out in accordance with GOST 17.2.4.06.

5.10 Measurement of pressure and temperature according to GOST 17.2.4.07.

5.11 Humidity measurement in accordance with GOST 17.2.4.08.

5.12 Determination of energy consumption for purification of 1000 m 3 of gas.

* Outside the territory of the Russian Federation, GOST R 50S20-95 applies.

GOST 31831-2012

Electricity in the cyclone / m. kJIOOO m 3. is spent on overcoming the hydraulic resistance of the cyclone by gas and is calculated by the formula

where A R is the hydraulic resistance of the cyclone. Pa.

8 of these calculations do not take into account losses in the fan, since the efficiency of the fan can be different depending on the design and mode of operation.

Annex A (informative)

GOST 31831-2012

Bibliography

(11 Cyclones NIIOGAZ. Guidelines for the design, manufacture, installation and operation. Yaroslavl. Upper Volga kn. Ied-vo, 1971, p. 95

(2) Environmental requirements for gas treatment plants. Toolkit. St. Petersburg. CEEC under the State Committee for Nature Protection of Russia. 1996. p. 58

(3) Handbook of dust and ash collection. M. Envrgoatomizdat, 1983. p. 312

(4) Catalog of degassing equipment. St. Petersburg. CEEC under the State Committee for Nature Protection of Russia. 1997, p. 232

(5) OST 26-14-2011* Inertial dry dust collectors. Technical requirements

(6) Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels. M.. PIO OBT. 1999

(7) Rules for the operation of gas treatment plants (PES). M.. Minkhimmash. 1984, p. twenty

* Valid on the territory of the Russian Federation

GOST 31831-2012

UDC 621.928.9:006.354 MKS 13.040

Keywords: gas cleaning, cyclone

DM editor. Kulchitsky Technical editor VN Prueakoo Proofreader I.A. Koroleva Computer layout 8.I. Grishchenko

Handed over on 27.Ob.2013 Signed for printing on 02.09.2013. Format VD "84" /, Headset Ariap.

Academic year 1.40. Circulation 83 e * a. Zach. 9SS.

FSUE STANDARTINFORM*. 12399S Moscow. Granatny lane. 4 Typed in FSUE "STANDARTINFORM" on a PC

Printed in the branch of FSUE "STANDARTINFORM" - type. Moscow printer. 106062 Moscow. Lyalin per., b.

GOST 12.1.014-84 Occupational safety standards system. Work area air. Method for measuring concentrations of harmful substances with indicator tubes
GOST 12.1.016-79 System of labor safety standards. Work area air. Requirements for methods for measuring concentrations of harmful substances
GOST 17.2.1.01-76 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Classification of emissions by composition
GOST 17.2.2.01-84 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Diesels are automobile. Exhaust smoke. Norms and methods of measurements
GOST 17.2.2.05-97 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Norms and methods for determining emissions of harmful substances from exhaust gases of diesel engines, tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines
GOST 17.2.3.01-86 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rules for air quality control in settlements
GOST 17.2.3.02-78 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises
GOST 17.2.4.01-80 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Method for determining the amount of droplet entrainment after wet dust and gas cleaning apparatus
GOST 17.2.4.02-81 Nature protection. Atmosphere. General requirements for methods for the determination of pollutants
GOST 17.2.4.03-81 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Indophenol method for the determination of ammonia
GOST 17.2.4.04-82 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rationing of external noise characteristics of inland and coastal navigation vessels
GOST 17.2.4.05-83 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Gravimetric method for the determination of suspended dust particles
GOST 17433-80 Industrial purity. Compressed air. Pollution classes
GOST 24484-80 Industrial purity. Compressed air. Methods for measuring contamination
GOST 28028-89 Industrial purity. Hydraulic drive. General requirements and norms
GOST 30494-2011 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters
GOST 30494-96 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters
GOST R ISO 10473-2007 Atmospheric air. Measurement of the mass of solid particles on the filter media. Beta Ray Absorption Method
GOST R ISO 14956-2007 Air quality. Evaluation of the applicability of a measurement procedure based on the degree to which it meets the requirements for measurement uncertainty
GOST R ISO 16017-1-2007 Atmospheric air, working area and enclosed spaces. Sampling of volatile organic compounds using a sorption tube followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatographic analysis on capillary columns. Part 1. Sampling by pumping method
GOST R ISO 4224-2007 Atmospheric air. Determination of carbon monoxide content. Method of non-dispersive infrared spectrometry
GOST 33007-2014 Gas-cleaning and dust-collecting equipment. Methods for determining the dust content of gas flows. General technical requirements and control methods
GOST R ISO 12219-1-2014 Air of the internal space of motor vehicles. Part 1. Vehicle test chamber. Technical requirements and test conditions for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin air
GOST R ISO 12219-2-2014 Air of the internal space of motor vehicles. Part 2: Screening for VOC emissions from interior trim and interior materials. Flexible container method
GOST R ISO 12219-3-2014 Air of the internal space of motor vehicles. Part 3: Screening for VOC emissions from interior trim and interior materials. Micro camera method
GOST R ISO 13138-2014 Air quality. Harmonized guidelines for sampling for the assessment of aerosol particle deposition in the human respiratory tract
GOST R ISO 14644-8-2014 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Part 8. Classification of air purity according to the concentration of chemical pollutants
GOST R ISO 15202-1-2014 Working area air. Determination of the content of metals and metalloids in solid aerosol particles by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Part 1. Sampling
GOST R ISO 15202-2-2014 Working area air. Determination of the content of metals and metalloids in solid aerosol particles by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Part 2. Sample preparation
GOST R ISO 16000-16-2012 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 16. Detection and enumeration of molds. Sampling by filtration
GOST R ISO 16000-19-2014 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 19. Sampling of molds
GOST 32384-2013 Acetic acid. Determination of content in atmospheric air by gas chromatography
GOST 32532-2013 Phthalic anhydride. Determination of the content in the air by the polarographic method
GOST 32535-2013 Toluene diisocyanate. Determination of content in the air
GOST R 55887-2013 Automobile vehicles. Training cars. Technical requirements and test methods
GOST R ISO 14644-9-2013 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Part 9. Classification of surface cleanliness by particle concentration
GOST R ISO 15337-2013 Atmospheric air. Titration in the gas phase. Calibration of ozone gas analyzers
GOST R ISO 15767-2012 Working area air. Control and evaluation of the uncertainty in the weighing of aerosol samples
GOST R ISO 16000-13-2012 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 13: Determination of the total content of polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-paradioxins/dibenzo-furans (PCDD/PCDF) (in gaseous state and in the form of suspended solids). Sampling for filter and sorbent
GOST R ISO 16000-14-2013 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 14: Determination of the total content of polychlorinated dioxin-like biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins/dibenzo-furans (PCDD/PCDF) (in gaseous state and in the form of suspended solids). Extraction, purification and analysis by gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry
GOST R ISO 16000-15-2012 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 15: Sampling for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) determination
GOST R ISO 16000-17-2012 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 17. Detection and enumeration of molds. Cultivation method
GOST R ISO 16000-18-2013 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 18. Detection and enumeration of molds. Sampling by sedimentation
GOST R ISO 16000-25-2013 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 25. Determination of emissions of medium volatile organic compounds from building materials. Micro camera method
GOST R ISO 16183-2013 Highly loaded engines. Measurement of emissions of gaseous harmful substances in undiluted exhaust gases and particulate emissions using a partial flow dilution system in fast-changing tests
GOST R ISO 17736-2013 Working area air. Determination of isocyanates in air using a dual filter sampler and high performance liquid chromatography
GOST R ISO 21438-2-2012 Working area air. Determination of inorganic acids by ion chromatography. Part 2: Volatile acids other than hydrofluoric (hydrochloric, hydrobromic and nitric acids)
GOST R ISO 21438-3-2012 Working area air. Determination of inorganic acids by ion chromatography. Part 3: Hydrofluoric acid and solid fluorides
GOST 32531-2013 Benzidine. Measurement of benzidine concentration in water using liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/particle beam interface/mass spectrometry
GOST R 56640-2015 Clean rooms. Design and installation. General requirements
GOST R ISO 14382-2015 Working area air. Determination of toluene diisocyanate vapors using glass fiber filters impregnated with 1-(2-pyridyl)-piperazine and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorescent detectors
GOST R ISO 16000-26-2015 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 26: Sampling for determination of carbon dioxide (CO2) content
GOST R ISO 28439-2015 Working area air. Characteristics of ultrafine aerosols and nanoaerosols. Determination of particle size distribution and number concentration of particles using differential electrical mobility analysis systems
GOST 32596-2013 Benzidine. Measurement of the concentration of benzidine in water by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry
GOST R 55175-2012 Mine atmosphere. Dust Control Methods
GOST R 56638-2015 Clean rooms. Ventilation and air conditioning. General requirements
GOST R ISO 16000-28-2015 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 28: Determination of odor emissions from building materials using test chambers
GOST 31824-2012 Fibrous mist eliminators. Types and basic parameters. Safety requirements. Test Methods
GOST 31830-2012 Electrostatic precipitators. Safety requirements and test methods
GOST 31831-2012 Centrifugal dust collectors. Safety requirements and test methods
GOST R 54578-2011 Working area air. Aerosols are predominantly fibrogenic. General principles for hygiene control and exposure assessment
GOST R 54597-2011 Working area air. Ultrafine aerosols, aerosols of nanoparticles and nanostructured particles. Characterization and inhalation exposure assessment
GOST R ISO 11614-2011 Compression ignition piston internal combustion engines. A device for measuring smoke and determining the coefficient of absorption of light flux in exhaust gases
GOST R ISO 16000-12-2011 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 12: Sampling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
GOST R ISO 16000-7-2011 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 7: Sampling for determination of asbestos fiber content
GOST R ISO 16000-8-2011 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 8. Determining the local average "age" of air in buildings to assess ventilation conditions
GOST R ISO 16362-2009 Atmospheric air. Determination of the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the form of solid particles by high performance liquid chromatography
GOST R ISO 21438-1-2011 Working area air. Determination of inorganic acids by ion chromatography. Part 1. Non-volatile acids (sulfuric and phosphoric)
GOST R ISO 14644-6-2010 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Part 6. Terms
GOST 33554-2015 Automobile vehicles. The content of pollutants in the air of the driver's cabin and the passenger room. Technical requirements and test methods
GOST 33670-2015 Single motor vehicles. Examination and test methods for conformity assessment
GOST R 53562-2009 Working area air. Basic provisions for the choice of sampling and analysis methods for the content of isocyanates in the air
GOST R ISO 12884-2007 Atmospheric air. Determination of the total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (in the gaseous state and in the form of suspended solids). Sampling for the filter and sorbent with subsequent analysis by chromato-mass spectrometry
GOST R ISO 14644-3-2007 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Part 3. Test methods
GOST R ISO 14644-7-2007 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Part 7: Isolation devices (clean air shelters, glove boxes, isolators and mini-environments)
GOST R ISO 14965-2008 Air quality. Determination of non-methane organic compounds. Method of preliminary cryogenic concentration and direct determination using a flame ionization detector
GOST R ISO 15202-3-2008 Working area air. Determination of metals and metalloids in solid aerosol particles by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Part 3. Analysis
GOST R ISO 16000-1-2007 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 1. Sampling. General provisions
GOST R ISO 16000-10-2009 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 10. Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building and finishing materials. Test cell method
GOST R ISO 16000-11-2009 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 11. Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building and finishing materials. Selection, storage and preparation of samples for testing
GOST R ISO 16000-3-2007 Indoor air. Part 3. Determination of the content of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds. Active sampling method
GOST R ISO 16000-5-2009 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 5: Sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
GOST R ISO 16000-6-2007 Indoor air. Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling for Tenax TA sorbent followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography analysis using MSD/FID
GOST R ISO 16000-9-2009 Air of enclosed spaces. Part 9. Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building and finishing materials. Test chamber method
GOST R ISO 16017-2-2007 Atmospheric air, working area and enclosed spaces. Sampling of volatile organic compounds using a sorption tube followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatographic analysis on capillary columns. Part 2: Diffusion sampling method
GOST R ISO 16107-2009 Working area air. Performance evaluation of diffusion samplers
GOST R ISO 16200-1-2007 Work area air quality. Sampling of volatile organic compounds followed by solvent desorption and gas chromatographic analysis. Part 1. Sampling by pumping method
GOST R ISO 16200-2-2007 Work area air quality. Sampling of volatile organic compounds followed by solvent desorption and gas chromatographic analysis. Part 2: Diffusion sampling method
GOST R ISO 16702-2008 Work area air quality. Determination of the total content of isocyanate groups of organic compounds in the air by liquid chromatography using 1-(2-methoxy-phenyl) piperazine
GOST R ISO 17734-1-2009 Analysis of organonitrogen compounds in air by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Part 1. Determination of isocyanates by their dibutylamine derivatives
GOST R ISO 17734-2-2009 Analysis of organonitrogen compounds in air by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Part 2. Determination of amines and aminoisocyanates by their dibutylamine and ethyl chloroformate derivatives
GOST R ISO 8178-5-2009 Reciprocating internal combustion engines. Measurement of emissions of harmful substances. Part 5. Fuels for testing
GOST R ISO 9359-2007 Air quality. Stratified sampling method for air quality assessment
GOST R 57256-2016 Air of enclosed spaces. Sampling in the determination of ammonia
GOST R ISO 11771-2016 Air quality. Determination of time-averaged mass emissions and emission factors. General Approach
GOST R ISO 13137-2016 Working area air. Pumps for individual sampling of chemical and biological substances. Requirements and test methods
GOST R ISO 17091-2016 Working area air. Determination of the content of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and calcium dihydroxide. Method based on the measurement of the respective cations by ion suppression chromatography
GOST ISO 16000-21-2016 Indoor air. Part 21. Detection and enumeration of molds. Material sampling
GOST ISO 16000-3-2016 Indoor air. Part 3. Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air and in test chamber air. Active sampling method
GOST ISO 16000-4-2016 Indoor air. Part 4. Determination of formaldehyde. Diffusion sampling method
GOST ISO 16000-6-2016 Indoor air. Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling for Tenax TA sorbent followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography analysis using MSD/FID
GOST R 57669-2017 Working area air. Devices for sampling bioaerosol volumetric samples. Requirements and test methods
GOST R ISO 12219-5-2017 Air of the internal space of motor vehicles. Part 5: Screening for VOC emissions from interior trim and interior materials. Static method using a test chamber
GOST R ISO 16258-1-2017 Working area air. Analysis of inhaled crystalline silicon by X-ray diffraction. Part 1. Method of direct measurement using a filter
GOST R ISO 17734-1-2017 Analysis of organonitrogen compounds in air by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Part 1. Determination of isocyanates by their dibutylamine derivatives
GOST R ISO 17734-2-2017 Analysis of organonitrogen compounds in air by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Part 2. Determination of amines and aminoisocyanates by their dibutylamine and ethyl chloroformate derivatives
GOST R ISO 30011-2017 Working area air. Determination of the content of metals and metalloids in solid aerosol particles by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
GOST R ISO 14644-1-2017 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Part 1. Classification of air purity by particle concentration
GOST R ISO 8178-5-2017 Reciprocating internal combustion engines. Measurement of emissions of combustion products. Part 5. Fuel for testing
GOST ISO 16000-20-2017 Indoor air. Part 20. Detection and enumeration of molds. Determination of the total number of disputes
GOST ISO 16000-27-2017 Indoor air. Part 27: Determination of the presence of settled fibrous dust on surfaces using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) (direct method)
GOST ISO 16000-29-2017 Indoor air. Part 29: Test methods for VOC detectors
GOST ISO 16000-30-2017 Indoor air. Part 30. Organoleptic analysis of indoor air
GOST ISO 16000-32-2017 Indoor air. Part 32. Evaluation of buildings for the presence of pollutants
GOST ISO 14644-1-2002 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Part 1. Classification of air purity
GOST ISO 14698-1-2005 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Biocontamination control. Part 1. General principles and methods
GOST ISO 14698-2-2005 Clean rooms and associated controlled environments. Biocontamination control. Part 2. Analysis of data on biocontaminants
GOST R EN 13205-2010 Working area air. Evaluation of the performance of instruments for the determination of particulate matter
GOST R EN 13528-1-2010 Atmospheric air quality. Diffusion samplers used in the determination of the content of gases and vapors. Requirements and test methods. Part 1. General requirements
GOST R EN 13528-2-2010 Atmospheric air quality. Diffusion samplers used in the determination of the content of gases and vapors. Requirements and test methods. Part 2: Special requirements and test methods
GOST R EN 13528-3-2010 Atmospheric air quality. Diffusion samplers used in the determination of the content of gases and vapors. Requirements and test methods. Part 3. Selection, use and maintenance guide

Group cyclones are installed both on the suction and discharge paths of the gas duct system.

To clean gases from abrasive dust, which causes wear on the impellers of fans, cyclones should be installed in front of the fans.

The pressure of the gases supplied for cleaning, and their temperature can be any, provided that the necessary strength of the apparatus is ensured.

When designing the supply gas ducts to the cyclones, it is necessary to ensure a uniform distribution of the gas and dust flow at the cyclone inlet, by making straight sections directly in front of the inlet pipe or by installing special devices.

Sharp turns in the exhaust gas ducts in the immediate vicinity of the cyclones can adversely affect the uniformity of the distribution of gases in the cyclones and increase the resistance of the apparatus, so they should be avoided.

The presence of locking or throttling devices inside the group cyclone on collectors or exhaust pipes is not allowed in order to avoid violating the equality of hydraulic resistances between cyclone elements.

The connection of the inlet and outlet gas ducts to the cyclones should be carried out mainly by welding, on bandages, which ensures the reliability and tightness of the connection. In some cases, with small sizes of inlet and outlet gas ducts, it is possible to install flange connections in accordance with the relevant GOSTs.

Installation of group cyclones is carried out vertically, so that the dust outlet is turned downwards.

Operation of NIIOGaz cyclones

The work of cyclone apparatuses must be constantly monitored.

For reliable operation of cyclone devices, the temperature of the gases must be 20–25 ° C higher than the dew point for non-hygroscopic dust and gases with high humidity.

When choosing the permissible dust content of gases, it is recommended to take into account the tendency for dust to stick to the walls of the cyclone, which depends on the physico-chemical properties, the dispersed composition of the dust, the humidity of the gases, the material and the state of the surface of the walls.

As a general rule, the finer the dust, the more easily it sticks. Dusts in which 60 - 70% of the particles have a diameter of less than 10 microns behave like sticky ones, although the same dusts larger than 10 microns have good flowability.

To facilitate the reliable operation of cyclones when cleaning gases from medium-coalescing dusts, the permissible dust content of gases should be reduced by a factor of 4, and for highly cohesive ones by 8-10 times.

Long-term reliable operation of the central pump largely depends on intense abrasive wear. When capturing large abrasive dust, its concentration should be reduced by 2-3 times against the permissible one, for which it is necessary to pre-clean with gas from the largest particles in the dust sump, collector, unloader and other simple dust traps.

A decrease in the degree of abrasive wear is also facilitated by a decrease in the gas flow rates at the cyclone inlet, although in the latter case there will also be a slight decrease in the cleaning efficiency. When capturing abrasive dust, the wall thickness should increase by 2 times or the walls of the cyclone should be covered with rubber, stone casting or other wear-resistant materials.

The operating mode of the device has a significant impact on the efficiency of the central heating system. To ensure the highest performance in gas consumption should not exceed 10 - 12%.

After the installation is completed and the device is tested for hydraulic resistance and cleaning coefficient, a passport must be drawn up. The passport indicates all the main technical characteristics of the device, installation and start-up time, performance and test results. Installation drawings are attached to the passport. If any changes were made during the installation and manufacturing process, they must be entered in the passport.

During operation, cyclones must be subjected to systematic technical inspections.

Twice a year, timed to coincide with the shutdown of the main equipment, a detailed internal and external inspection of the cyclones is carried out. If no malfunctions are found in the operation of the cyclones, a complete technical inspection can be performed even more rarely.

During the technical process, the condition of thermal insulation is checked, the presence of dust deposits in the inlet pipe, on the walls of the housing. In the cone part and the bunker. Inspection, repair, adjustment of shutters, means of transporting trapped dust, hatches and explosive valves, dust level alarms, replacement of worn parts, repair of thermal insulation and welding of leaks are carried out.

The repair is noted in the passport.

1. Start installation

The start-up is carried out after a thorough inspection, during which the absence of foreign objects in the supply manifold, bunker, the cleanliness of internal surfaces, the reliability of the dust locks, and the tightness of the hatch are checked. As a rule, before start-up, the dust present in the hopper must be released.

cyclone apparatus gas cleaning plant

After inspection and elimination of detected faults, the device can be put into operation by order of the head of the main unit

2. Maintenance of a running installation.

The amount of gases entering the installation must be within the limits provided for this apparatus. With a decrease in the amount of gases, the speed of their movement in cyclones decreases, which leads to a decrease in the coefficient. With a significant increase in the amount of gases, the hydraulic resistance of the installation increases,

However, in some cases, the cleaning factor may decrease.

In a working installation, the hydraulic resistance is measured by a constantly on pressure gauge and should not deviate by more than 25 - 30% of the nominal value.

A decrease in hydraulic resistance with a simultaneous deterioration in gas purification occurs either due to a decrease in gas consumption, or due to the fact that partially gases, bypassing cyclones, leave through leaks in gates or flange connections.

An increase in the hydraulic resistance of the installation with a simultaneous deterioration in gas purification yavl. the result of an increase in the flow of gases or indicates a large accumulation of dust in the hopper.

To control the level of dust, cyclone installations are equipped with level indicators, while the upper level sensor must be installed above the height of the bunker. By lightly tapping, by sound, it is checked whether the chute is broken after the dust discharge devices.

Dust shutters and means of conveying the specified dust must operate without fail. Air leaks through dust locks are unacceptable, since when the apparatus is operated under vacuum, a sharp decrease in the cleaning coefficient occurs.

Air leakage in the cyclone can be detected by determining the content of any gas, for example, CO2 - with a VTI - 2 device or other means before and after the cyclone installation.

In addition to leaks in dust seals, suction cups can be caused by leaks in the body, flange connections, and hatch gaskets.

During the operation of the installation, the temperature of the gases at the inlet and outlet of the cyclones should be constantly monitored.

In cyclone apparatus, no condensation of water vapor should occur. The temperature of the walls of the cyclones and the bunker must be above the dew point of the gases to be purified.

Especially dangerous is the decrease in temperature when trapping dusts with a high content of CaO or other components that cause dust to stick together in the presence of moisture and clog leaks. In addition, the condensation of water vapor leads to corrosion of the inner surface of the walls of cyclones, bunkers and gas pipelines. The presence of a layer of dust on the walls aggravates the process of metal corrosion.

Thus, measures to prevent corrosion of the walls of cyclones are reduced primarily to the maintenance of external thermal insulation in good condition, the prevention of processes that cause a decrease in gas temperature to the dew point.

According to the temperature of the gases leaving the cyclone installation, it is possible to judge the ignition of dust in the apparatus.

Ignition can occur when a large amount of soot, unburned peat or coal particles enter the hopper.

During operation, it is necessary to inspect the installation at least three times per shift and control the readings of flow meters and thermometers. Manometers, as well as the operation of dust unloading devices.

Record the results of the observation in a log.

3. Shutdown of the cyclone unit.

The cyclone unit is switched off by shutting off the gas duct with a slide gate or by turning off the fan that ensures the transportation of gases.

Dust unloading devices operating continuously should be switched off after 5 - 10 minutes. After turning off the cyclone installation.

Dust dischargers that operate intermittently must be opened and measures must be taken to completely empty the hopper, as the remaining dust will lose its flowability and may form a plug in the dust outlet of the hopper.

Operational Defects.

Determination of the impact of operational defects of cyclone devices on the efficiency of their work was carried out in air dusted with ground ash dust, at a temperature of 32ºC, a concentration of 20-30 g/m, a specific gravity of 2.2 g/m and a dispersion given in the table:

The table below shows the data on the reduction in the degree of cleaning of the entire trap for each percentage of clogged battery cyclones, depending on the place of clogging with dust.

The most widespread defects in battery ash collectors operating on weakly sticking dusts are:

1. With a horizontal lattice for fastening the exhaust pipes of the BC in the chamber of purified gas, partial clogging of the sections of the exhaust pipes up to 30-40% of the total number of the BC.

2. Complete clogging of the dust-water opening of the BTs-254V housing up to 8% of the total amount of BTs.

There is a complete clogging of the swirling outlet in BTs-254R with lumps of agglomerate in the dust collectors of the sinter plants, in the absence of coarse traps in front of the main dust collector. Adhesion of sticky dust, for example, phthalic anhydride, is observed on the walls of the housing in the TsN-15 cyclone in the zone of the first half of the flow turn, counting from the inlet pipe and on the conical part of the housing. A layer of adhering dust can completely block the cross section of the cyclone channels.

Thus, with an unsuccessful choice of cyclone apparatus and an unsuccessful layout of the dust collector, the decrease in the main degree of purification only due to dust drifting through the flow sections and channels of the cyclones can reach up to 20 percent or more.

abrasive wear.

Abrasive wear is the main reason for the need for medium and major repairs of dust collectors operating on abrasive dusts. The intensity of wear of the cyclone apparatus largely determines the efficiency and reliability of the dust collector and even the interest of consumers in installing certain designs of traps.

Observations have shown that the places of maximum wear of the walls of the cyclone apparatus up to the through are those where the same dust particles repeatedly rub against the same section of the surface of the apparatus wall, where the dust concentration and flow velocity are maximum.

We include these places:

The wall of the lower part of the housing cone near the dust outlet is the area of action of the recirculation flow in the volume of the final separation.

The walls of the upper part of the body in the first quarter of a turn, counting from the inlet pipe - the zone of action of the upper branch of the paired vortex.

The wall of the upper part of the body of the BC with the swirler "Screw" and "Rosette" along the ends of the blades of the swirlers - the zone of action of the upper and lower branches of the paired vortex

The wall of the exhaust pipe outside the housing of the first rows of the BC in the dust trap, when dusty air is supplied to power the BC into the gap between the exhaust pipes.

5. Places of BC supports on the lower tube sheet in the presence of slots in them that communicate the hopper with the distribution chamber of the trap.

Safety measures during the operation of NIIOGaz cyclones.

During the operation of the central heating system, safety measures must be taken to prevent burns from the hot surfaces of the apparatus or hot dust, ash and gases, against poisoning by toxic gases, against ignition and explosions of explosive dusts. To prevent burns, the surface of the cyclones must be insulated and all openings in the bodies of the apparatus through which heated gases can escape must be carefully sealed.

Cyclones operating in an atmosphere of flammable or explosive dusts are equipped with explosive plates. If necessary, take measures to exclude the possibility of emissions of harmful and explosive gases into the room, as well as sparking and injury by fragments and parts of membranes when they are triggered. Accumulation of explosive dust in bunkers is not allowed.

When cyclones are detected at a height of more than 1.8 m, stationary stairs and platforms with a fence are made to access hatches, gates and other fittings.

All moving and rotating parts of shutters, fans must be securely guarded. It is allowed to remove the fence for the repair of mechanisms after a complete stop.

For the condition of apparatus and gas ducts operating in conditions that cause corrosion, special supervision must be established through periodic inspection and determination of the thickness of the apparatus walls during repair. The result is entered in the passport.

When stopping cyclones for cleaning or repair, the devices must be disconnected from the gas pipelines using gate valves. Closed gates are locked, and a poster is hung next to them: "cyclone repair."

When working inside the apparatus, workers must undergo a safety briefing. Persons who have not passed it are not allowed to service. When working in an atmosphere of toxic gases or dusts, workers must wear personal protective equipment.

When working inside the apparatus, only explosion-proof lamps are used. The use of portable electric lamps with a voltage higher than 12 V is FORBIDDEN.

Repair work using open flame in fire and explosion hazardous industries should be carried out in accordance with the “Model Regulations for the organization of fire work in fire and explosion hazardous industries in the chemical and metallurgical industries”. The safety measures provided for by the instructions in force at the enterprises operating cyclones must also be applied.

GOST R 51708-2001

Group G47

STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

CENTRIFUGAL DUST COLLECTORS

Safety requirements and test methods

Centrifugal dust collectors.
Safety requirement and methods of testing

OKS 13.040*
OKP 36 4600

_____________________

* In the index "National Standards" 2005.
OKS 13.040 and 71.120.99. - Note "CODE".

Introduction date 2001-07-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Joint Stock Company "Research Institute for Industrial and Sanitary Gas Purification" (JSC "NIIOGAZ")

INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 264 "Gas-cleaning and dust-collecting equipment"

2 ADOPTED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated January 29, 2001 N 38-st

3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

1 area of use

1) ash from flue gases of boiler plants;

2) dusty products carried away from various types of dryers;

3) granular catalyst in catalytic cracking processes;

4) dust removed after grinding;

5) granular and dusty products moving by pneumatic transport;

6) dust carried away from apparatuses in which processes with particles suspended in gases take place;

7) dust emitted by ventilation units.

Cyclones are used for preliminary purification of gases and installed in front of fine purification devices (bag filters, electrostatic precipitators).

The standard establishes the following types and designs of cyclones:

- depending on the method of supplying the gas flow to the apparatus

with tangential, conventional or helical entry,

with spiral entry

with axial (socket) input.

Cyclones with axial (socket) gas supply operate both with and without gas return to the upper part of the apparatus (straight-through cyclones);

- depending on the number of working elements in the device

single,

group (of two, four, six, eight or more cyclones),

battery (multicyclones).

Group and battery cyclones allow processing a large amount of gases without increasing the diameter of the cyclone element, i.e. without compromising dust collection efficiency.

The permissible concentration of dust in the cleaned gases depends on the properties of the dust (stickiness and abrasiveness), as well as on the diameter of the cyclone.

The main parameters of cyclones are set out in GOST 25757,,.

This International Standard may be used in the certification of cyclones.

All requirements of this standard are mandatory.

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

GOST 12.1.005-88 System of labor safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

GOST 12.1.010-76 Occupational safety standards system. Explosion safety. General requirements

GOST 12.2.003-91 Occupational safety standards system. Production equipment. General safety requirements

GOST 12.4.011-89 System of labor safety standards. Means of protection for workers. General requirements and classification

GOST 5264-80 Manual arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 7512-82 Non-destructive testing. Connections are welded. radiographic method

GOST 8713-79 Submerged arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 11533-75 Automatic and semi-automatic submerged arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 11534-75 Manual arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 14249-89 Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods for calculating strength

GOST 14771-76 Shielded arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 14776-79 Arc welding. Welded spot joints. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 14782-86 Non-destructive testing. Connections are welded. Ultrasonic methods

GOST 14806-80 Arc welding of aluminum and aluminum alloys in inert gases. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 15164-78 Electroslag welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 15878-79 Contact welding. Connections are welded. Structural elements and dimensions

GOST 16037-80 Welded steel pipeline joints. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 16038-80 Arc welding. Welded pipeline connections made of copper and copper-nickel alloy. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 23518-79 Shielded arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST 25757-83 Inertial dry dust collectors. Types and basic parameters

GOST 27580-88 Arc welding of aluminum and aluminum alloys in inert gases. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions

GOST R 50820-95 Gas-cleaning and dust-collecting equipment. Methods for determining the dust content of gas and dust flows

OST 26-14-2011-88 Dry inertial dust collectors. Technical requirements

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms apply with their respective definitions:

3.1 dust collector: Apparatus for cleaning gases (air) from suspended particles.

3.2 cyclone: A dust collector in which gas is cleaned from suspended particles under the action of centrifugal forces.

3.3 dry cyclone: Cyclone designed to trap suspended particles (without irrigation liquid supply).

3.4 cyclone with tangential entry: Cyclone in which the incoming gas moves tangentially to the circumference of the cross-section of the body of the apparatus and perpendicular to the axis of the body.

3.5 axial cyclone: Cyclone in which the incoming and outgoing gas flows move along its axis.

3.6 screw entry cyclone: Cyclone in which the movement of the incoming gas flow becomes helical with the help of a tangential inlet pipe and a top cover with a helical surface.

3.7 spiral entry cyclone: Cyclone with a spiral connection of the inlet pipe to the cyclone body.

3.8 bunker: Dust collector.

3.9 tilt angle: Angle of the inlet in relation to the horizontal axis.

3.10 pneumometric tube: Specially designed tube used to detect air velocity in ducts.

3.11 environmental Safety: Safe conditions of human life, determined by the impact on his body of substances in the environment.

4 Safety requirements

General safety requirements in accordance with GOST 12.2.003.

4.2 The cyclone must meet safety requirements during the entire period of operation, provided that the consumer fulfills the requirements established in the operational documentation.

4.3 The design of the cyclones must exclude, in all intended modes of operation, loads on parts and assembly units that can cause damage that poses a danger to workers.

If it is possible that loads can occur that lead to damage to individual parts or assembly units that are dangerous for operating, then the cyclone must be equipped with devices that prevent the occurrence of breaking loads, and such parts and assembly units must be fenced or located so that their collapsing parts do not create traumatic situations. .

4.5 Structural elements of cyclones should not have sharp corners, edges, burrs and uneven surfaces that pose a risk of injury to workers.

4.7 The design of the cyclone should exclude spontaneous loosening or separation of fasteners of assembly units and parts.

4.8 The cyclone must be fire and explosion proof under the intended operating conditions.

4.10 The cyclone should not be a source of noise and vibration.

4.11 The cyclone must be designed so that the concentration of harmful substances in the working area, as well as their emissions into the environment during operation, do not exceed the permissible values established by GOST 12.1.005 and sanitary standards.

A cyclone designed to work with an explosive gas environment must meet the requirements of GOST 12.1.010. The cyclone must be equipped with devices that divert the directed blast wave.

Cyclone seals designed to work with flammable and explosive environments must prevent the formation of combustible and explosive mixtures in the working and non-working states of the cyclone according to OST 26-14-2011.

4.12 The design of the cyclone should exclude the possibility of a worker coming into contact with hot parts or being in close proximity to such parts, if this could lead to injury or overheating of the worker.

The temperature of the outer surface of the shell with thermal insulation in the places of maintenance should not exceed 45 °C.

Thermal insulation must be made of mineral or organic thermal insulation materials. The thermal insulation layer, if necessary, must be protected by a waterproof shell.

If the purpose of the cyclone and the conditions of its operation (for example, use outside the production premises) cannot completely exclude the contact of the worker with its hot parts, then the operational documentation should contain a requirement to use personal protective equipment.

4.13 The design of the workplace, its dimensions and the relative position of the elements (controls, information display tools, auxiliary equipment, etc.) must ensure safety when using the cyclone for its intended purpose, maintenance, repair and cleaning, and also comply with ergonomic requirements.

The need for fire extinguishing equipment and other means used in emergency situations at workplaces should be established in the standards, regulatory documents for cyclones of specific groups, types, models (brands).

If the location of the workplace makes it necessary to move and (or) find the worker above the floor level, then the design should provide for platforms, stairs, railings, other devices, the dimensions and design of which should exclude the possibility of workers falling and ensure convenient and safe performance of labor operations, including operations for maintenance.

4.15 Cyclones must be provided with signaling and blocking devices that are triggered in case of violation of the established technological mode of operation.

4.16 Workers who have studied their device and maintenance methods are allowed to service cyclones.

4.17 The design of cyclones should be designed for the maximum operating (excess) pressure or vacuum that may occur during operation.

4.18 Cyclones designed to operate under overpressure over 0.07 Pa must comply with the requirements set forth in.

4.19 Shutdown of cyclones for economic or other considerations not provided for by the technological process is prohibited.

4.20 The operation of cyclones should be carried out in accordance with the requirements.

4.21 Work related to the inclusion, operation, repair of cyclones should be carried out in compliance with the safety instructions in force at the enterprise.

5 Test methods

5.1 Checking the appearance, completeness and quality of installation of cyclones is carried out by visual inspection of the complete equipment and its individual elements.

During the inspection, it is necessary to make sure that there are no foreign objects inside the cyclone body and the condition of thermal insulation and anti-corrosion coatings; check the readiness of places for connecting measuring instruments, the quality of installation of gates and hatches, the performance of welds and connections that affect the tightness of the equipment.

5.2 Checking the overall dimensions of the cyclone should be performed by means of measuring the length used at the manufacturer.

5.3 Checking the mass of the cyclone should be done by weighing the empty cyclone assembly or parts thereof on a balance or using a dynamometer.

5.4 When manufacturing a cyclone, quality control of welds made by arc welding according to GOST 5264 , , , , , , , ; welding in shielding gas according to GOST 23518; submerged arc welding according to GOST 8713,; electroslag welding according to GOST 15164; contact welding according to GOST 15878, carried out by the following methods:

- visual control and measurement;

- mechanical testing;

- test for resistance to intergranular corrosion;

- metallographic examination;

- steeloscopy;

- ultrasonic flaw detection;

- radiation method;

- measuring the hardness of the weld metal;

- color or magnetic particle flaw detection;

- other methods (acoustic emission, luminescent control, determination of the content of the ferrite phase, etc.) provided for by the technical design.

5.6 Leak test

The method of checking the cyclone for tightness is determined by the developer.

Testing of welds for through defects is carried out by capillary, hydraulic or pneumatic methods.

5.6.1 Capillary method (wetting with kerosene)

The surface of the controlled seam from the outside should be covered with a chalk solution, and from the inside it should be abundantly moistened with kerosene during the entire test period. The holding time must not be less than that specified in Table 1.

Table 1 - Weld holding time when tested with kerosene


	Holding time, h (min)
Seam thickness, mm	in the bottom position of the seam	in the upper vertical position of the seam
Up to 4 incl.
St. 4 "10"

Welds are considered impervious if kerosene stains do not appear on the surface of the controlled seam with the applied chalk solution during the exposure time.

5.6.2 Hydraulic test

5.6.2.2 Hydraulic testing of the cyclone should be carried out with fasteners and gaskets provided for in the regulatory documents for a specific apparatus.

5.6.2.3 Hydraulic testing of the cyclone (assembly units, parts), with the exception of cast ones, should be carried out with a test pressure , MPa (kgf/cm), calculated by the formula

where - design pressure, determined according to GOST 14249, MPa (kgf / cm),

and - allowable stresses for the material, respectively, at 20 ° C and design temperature, MPa (kgf / cm).

Notes

3 If , determined by formula (1), causes the need to thicken the wall of the cyclone body operating under external pressure, then for hydraulic testing it is allowed to calculate the test pressure according to the formula

where and are the elastic moduli of the material, respectively, at 20 °C and design temperature , MPa (kgf/cm).

5 The maximum deviation of the test pressure should not be more than 5%.

5.6.2.4 Hydraulic testing of cyclones installed vertically is allowed to be carried out in a horizontal position, provided that the strength of the cyclone body is ensured.

The strength calculation must be performed by the developer of regulatory documents for this cyclone.

In this case, the test pressure should be taken taking into account the hydrostatic pressure, if the latter acts on the cyclone under operating conditions, and controlled by a pressure gauge installed on the upper generatrix of the cyclone body.

5.6.2.5 Water is used for hydraulic testing of cyclones. It is allowed, upon agreement with the developer, to use another liquid as a test medium.

The temperature difference between the cyclone wall and the ambient air during the test shall not cause moisture to fall on the surface of the cyclone walls.

5.6.2.6 The pressure in the test cyclone should be increased and decreased smoothly according to the manufacturer's instructions. The rate of rise and fall of pressure should not exceed 0.5 MPa (5 kgf/cm) per minute.

The value of the exposure time of the cyclone (parts, assembly units) under test pressure must be at least the values indicated in Table 2.

Table 2 - Cyclone exposure time under test pressure


Seam thickness, mm	Holding time, h (min)
Up to 50 incl.
St. 50 "100"

Regardless*
* For cast and multilayer vessels (parts, assembly units).

5.6.2.8 After the hydraulic test, the water must be completely removed.

5.6.2.9 Testing of cyclones operating without pressure (for filling) should be carried out by wetting the welds with kerosene in accordance with 5.6.1.

5.6.3 Pneumatic test

Before carrying out the pneumatic test, the cyclone must be subjected to internal and external inspections, and the welds must be subjected to 100% ultrasonic flaw detection or radiation testing.

The test pressure shall be determined according to 5.6.2.3.

The exposure time of the cyclone under test pressure should be at least 0.08 h (5 min).

After exposure under test pressure, it is necessary to reduce the pressure to the calculated value, inspect the surface of the cyclone and check the tightness of welded and detachable joints with soapy water or in another way.

Control during the pneumatic test must be carried out by the method of acoustic emission.

5.6.4 The test results are considered satisfactory if during their implementation there are no:

- pressure drop on the manometer;

- leaks of the test medium (leakage, sweating, air or gas bubbles) in welded joints and on the base metal;

- signs of rupture;

- leaks in detachable connections;

- residual deformations.

Note - It is allowed not to consider leaks of the test medium through the leaks of the reinforcement, if they do not interfere with the maintenance of the test pressure.

5.6.5 The value of the test pressure and the test results must be entered in the passport for the cyclone.

5.8 Hydraulic resistance is calculated as the difference between the total pressures at the cyclone inlet and outlet according to GOST 17.2.4.06.

5.9 Determination of the gas flow rate and productivity for the gas being purified is carried out according to GOST 17.2.4.06., is spent on overcoming the hydraulic resistance of the cyclone by the gas and is calculated by the formula

where is the hydraulic resistance of the cyclone, Pa.

In these calculations, losses in the fan are not taken into account, since its efficiency can be different depending on the design and mode of operation.

APPENDIX A (informative). Bibliography

APPENDIX A
(reference)

Cyclones NIIOGAZ. Guidelines for design, manufacture, installation and operation. Yaroslavl, Upper Volga Prince. publishing house, 1971, p.95

Ecological requirements for gas treatment plants. Toolkit . St. Petersburg, TsOEK under the State Committee for Nature Protection of Russia, 1996, p.58

Handbook of dust and ash collection. M., Energoatomizdat, 1983, p.312

Catalog of gas cleaning equipment. St. Petersburg, TsOEK under the State Committee for Nature Protection of Russia, 1997, p.232

Rules for the design and safe operation of pressure vessels. M., PIO OBT, 1999

Rules for the operation of gas treatment plants (PEU). M., Minkhimmash, 1984, p.20

The text of the document is verified by:
official publication
M.: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2001

1 area of ​​use

2 Normative references

5 Test methods

APPENDIX A

Bibliography

Text GOST 31831-2012 Centrifugal dust collectors. Safety requirements and test methods

CENTRIFUGAL DUST COLLECTORS

Safety requirements and test methods

Operation of NIIOGaz cyclones

1 area of ​​use

2 Normative references

3 Definitions

4 Safety requirements

5 Test methods

APPENDIX A (informative). Bibliography

1 area of use

1 area of use