Finally in the hands of the keys to new apartment! And you already calculate the cost of repairs, imagine the interior design, imagine a noisy housewarming party, and quiet family evenings in a cozy home.
But before proceeding with the internal repair work, check how well the facades of your house are insulated. For the most part, modern new buildings are being built with mandatory facade insulation. But you need to think about the insulation of an apartment in old houses on your own.
For this in recent times instead of folk material (foam), come sandwich panels for wall insulation.
Cladding sandwich panels are multilayer elements, lined with metal on the outside, and inside they have a layer of insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam), which is covered with aluminum foil.
The panels are light in weight, and this is a huge plus, since often the condition of the walls of the building and the foundation may not withstand the additional load. In addition, the surface of the sandwich panels is durable (does not lose its qualities under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, low temperatures, moisture is not terrible). Additional costs processing of panels is not required, as they are painted in various colors, the surface can be varied in texture.
Thermal insulation can be both internal and external. The advantages of the latter are obvious:
Structure whose façade is protected heat-insulating material, will last longer (the wall does not freeze through, the effect of atmospheric phenomena is reduced), and also has a more aesthetic appearance;
Wall insulation with sandwich panels improves sound insulation, and also creates a favorable temperature regime(condensate does not form, mold and fungi do not grow);
External thermal insulation reduces heat loss, and as a result, the cost of payment utilities(with an individual heating system);
External insulation of facades with sandwich panels does not reduce the area of the premises (as in the case internal thermal insulation);
External insulation can be made even after it is done overhaul indoors;
It is better to entrust the installation of a sandwich panel with polyurethane insulation, as well as any other, to professionals, since it is quite laborious, and if the apartment is higher than the second floor, it is also a dangerous process.
A qualified master will assess the condition of the wall, choose suitable material, remove old finish and perform thermal insulation work.
Of course, the main component of the sandwich panel is its insulation. It is he who determines how comfortable winters will be in the home. The heater must meet the following requirements:
- Possess very significant thermal insulation performance;
- If possible, have a minimum weight;
- Possess a high rate of strength;
- Be able to maintain their characteristics even when elevated level humidity;
- Tolerate low and high temperatures without problems;
- To be completely safe for humans, that is, not to contain harmful substances and not burn;
- To be durable, that is, not to lose its own properties over time;
- Have a low cost.
The modern market offers to insulate with sandwich panels that have mineral wool, polystyrene or polyurethane foam in their construction. A panel with one or another insulation has both disadvantages and advantages. Panels with polyurethane foam have ideal thermal insulation properties, but they are quite expensive, and therefore are used only in specialized rooms and freezers. Private construction is carried out mainly with the use of mineral wool and expanded polystyrene.
The main advantage of mineral wool is its resistance to fire. Polyfoam has a wider list of advantages: environmental cleanliness(98 percent it consists of air), low thermal conductivity, low weight, highest performance, unpretentiousness, durability and minimum production time.
Mineral wool has a lot of disadvantages. It absorbs excess moisture, which leads to subsidence, violation of the integrity of the structure and freezing. The installation of mineral wool is quite difficult to carry out, and a large mass leads to an increased load on the foundation. The disadvantage of polystyrene is its low degree of fire resistance.
Using sandwich panels mineral wool relevant, first of all, in structures that need maximum protection against open flames. This category includes the bulk of prefabricated buildings. Use panels with mineral wool in car washes, cold rooms, food shops is completely inappropriate. foam panels perfect for the reconstruction and construction of buildings, regardless of their purpose. This group mainly consists of buildings that require perfect resistance to moisture, hygiene, practicality and minimum cost. If we talk about the ratio of quality and price, then it is foam-based panels that can be called the most reasonable option. You can fearlessly use them in all buildings, the roof and walls of which belong to the second or more categories of fire resistance.
Sandwich panels are produced by manufacturers ready for use, so the issue of finishing in some cases does not arise at all. For example, during construction industrial premises. The product is a three-layer structure consisting of two sheets of galvanized steel and a heat-insulating layer between them. Used as a heater basalt wool or foamed synthetic materials: expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam and others.
The front surfaces can be smooth or corrugated, coated polymer resins. Due to this, the plates are produced in various colors, which allows you to create interesting geometric combinations on the outside of the building. Developers take advantage of this quality. industrial enterprises in order not to additionally solve the question of how to finish the sandwich panel. It is a completely different matter when it comes to the construction of private houses. If you can still get by outside appearance the plates themselves, then indoors they must certainly be closed.
Scope of use
Sandwich panels are used in construction frame houses, as filling between the drains and the crossbars of the main frame. They are used for exterior finish as self-design or as part of a hinged ventilated facade. This material serves as both insulation and cladding. There are special three-layer roofing products. Both those and others are completed with all kinds of additional elements and layouts, so that during installation it is possible to close the joints and decorate edges, corners, transitions. In addition, the products themselves are produced with thorn-groove locks, so they are easily and tightly mounted. You can attach them to the crate, and to a flat surface, if it is even.
Recently, insulated plates have often been used for internal works. Of them are made internal partitions, stationary and mobile, they insulate the outer walls from the inside of the premises, as well as balconies and loggias. It has become especially popular to use sandwich panels for finishing windows, more precisely - slopes. In this case, sandwiches are used with outer layers not made of metal, but made of plastic and with a thinner layer of insulation.
Slope cladding
With the advent plastic windows the problem immediately arose of how and with what the slopes should be finished. We tried everything - both high-quality plaster and plastic panels and many other options. But the most the best solution came with the advent of three-layer material. Sandwich paneling window slopes at the same time eliminates "cold bridges" and gives the window opening a complete look. The work is simple and quite affordable in order to do it yourself. Facing of window slopes should be carried out before finishing the walls. These jobs are done in this order:
- all surfaces around the window frame are cleaned of dust, dirt, mortar influx;
- a window sill is installed; most often, a solution based on cement and lime is used for this; to avoid deflections, metal strips are laid under the windowsill, and for insulation lower part and the sides are wrapped with felt; the insulation is impregnated with an antiseptic before use to prevent its decay and the appearance of insects;
- voids and junctions of the window and window sill to the opening are sealed mounting foam; the frozen foam is cut with a paint knife flush with the main surfaces;
- the sandwich panel is cut according to preliminary measurements of the upper part and sides; the material is cut very well with a jigsaw or a metal saw;
- work begins with the upper slope: self-tapping screws are attached to the frame starting plastic profile into which the sandwich is inserted right size with a slight slope the internal gap is filled with mounting foam or liquid nails and pressed against the wall;
- in a similar way, the side parts of the slope trim are fastened; care must be taken to ensure that the slopes fit snugly against the sidewalls of the opening, and excess adhesives should be removed immediately and thoroughly;
- finish facing the slopes with sandwich panels by fixing the finishing frame in the form of corners on liquid nails.
There are other ways to install window slopes using brackets, battens and other fixtures. However, these methods are more complex and time-consuming. They are used in special cases when the design of a window opening or frame requires it.
From the foregoing, it is clear that do-it-yourself installation work on installing a window sill, and slopes on windows, is not such a terrible problem. Moreover, this method of protecting a window opening is successfully used not only for plastic frames but also for wood. This means that you can build a beautiful frame for a window block without changing the window itself. Moreover, manufacturers have learned how to design the front surfaces of sandwiches in the most different colors and shades, including "wood, marble, granite". Plastic used glossy, semi-gloss, matte. Cladding with sandwich boards window openings can be matched to the interior of any style.
Sandwich interior walls
The premises of frame houses, the outer walls of which are made of "sandwich" slabs, are undoubtedly subject to interior decoration. Since the panel itself inside the room will look too dull and bureaucratic. At the same time, methods and materials can be absolutely any. Only for finishing will be needed preliminary preparation. Let's say it's impossible to stick wallpaper on sandwiches. Therefore, first you have to sheathe the walls with drywall. Might have to accept additional measures for better insulation walls. For this purpose, a layer of insulation is laid between the frame profiles, and then it is sewn up with drywall sheets. This is followed by a standard procedure: sealing joints with putty with reinforcing tape, grouting the heads of self-tapping screws and wallpapering, tiling, textured plaster, painting on finishing putty.
Some interior styles require the presence of a large amount of wood. In this case, the owner of the house can apply his talent and sheathe the walls beautiful clapboard, imitation of timber, wooden wallpaper. To do this, you need to equip the frame of the bars on the surfaces of the walls, arranging them in such a way that the cladding lies as intended - in a vertical or horizontal position. If the building is built in a frame version and does not require additional insulation, then it is not necessary to arrange a crate, but wooden cladding can be attached to the frame posts. All work can be done with your own hands, showing maximum imagination. The main thing is to choose materials with taste and mount them according to all the rules of finishing art.
If, with the onset of cold weather, the temperature in your apartment tends to zero, then you have a choice - to make all the rooms with heaters and wrap yourself in a blanket or thoroughly insulate your living space. Let's take a look at the list in order. possible problems heat loss in the apartment.
Common causes of cold in the apartment
High-altitude work1. The first and most common reason is gaps in window frames. If you do not have the opportunity to install sealed double-glazed windows, then seal the gaps between the frames yourself. To do this, you can use foam rubber, paper or pieces of fabric. Take one of the listed materials, roll it tightly and place it in the gap between the frame and the window opening. Seal the gaps with strong construction tape from above. This will significantly reduce the flow of cold air into the apartment, but will not provide complete thermal insulation.
2. If you live in panel house, then the second common cause of cold in the apartment may be poor-quality seams between the plates. It is your responsibility to seal external seams. Management Company. But, as a rule, the procedure for processing and signing an application for such work can take a very long time.
3. If you want to solve this problem quickly, you can contact a construction company that deals with sealing joints between panels using industrial mountaineering.
4. However, even all the above measures may not be enough for warming corner apartment on the 7th-14th floor. Wind gusts at this height are much more intense, and the water in the heating system, rising from the ground floor, has time to cool down considerably. Therefore, you need to thoroughly insulate not only windows and interpanel seams but also the walls themselves. Sandwich panels can be used to insulate walls.
5. You can fix the sandwich panels on cold walls inside the apartment. This is a relatively new, but easy-to-process building material. Moreover, it is the most economical option, because you do all the construction work yourself and pay only for the material. But the thickness of the sandwich panel can reach 25 cm. This means that the area of the room along the entire length of the wall will decrease exactly by that much.
6. If you are not ready to part usable area your apartment, you can contact a construction company, and the sandwich panels will be fixed from the outside. This is an expensive procedure, but at the same time it is the only effective method allowing to insulate old apartment Upstairs.
With more complex, incomprehensible reasons, it is possible to detect cold places in an apartment using a thermal imager, which can easily determine areas of heat loss. The only negative is that this device costs decent money, but you can call a service that will give an exhaustive answer about the cold zones in the apartment and about the places of heat loss.
Facade facing thermal panels are presented in the form of special structures that perform two major tasks- carry out the insulation of the facade of the house and are a finishing material.
Thermal panels - facade decorative elements
Metal and rustic facade panels have gained well-deserved popularity due to the relatively low cost and high speed of installation work.
1 Features of facade thermal panels
It is worth mentioning right away that the presented metal and rustic facade panels trademark Rockwool represent the most rational and environmentally friendly solution to the thermal insulation issue.
Before warming up outer surface at home with such a product as a facade sandwich panel, it is worth taking into account that it can be compatible with any surface, be it stone or brick.
Insulation of the facade of the house with sandwich panels of the Rockwool brand will give top scores if they are fixed on an additional layer of foam.
By the way, unlike polystyrene, Rockwool sandwich panels, stylized as stone or brick, significantly improve not only the heat-saving qualities of the facade, but also increase its aesthetic appeal.
In addition, the fastening of the Rockwool sandwich panel to the outer surface of the facade (unlike foam plastic) can be carried out on such surfaces as:
- Concrete;
- Expanded clay concrete;
- Classic brick on;
- plastered facade;
- Unplastered facade;
- Block house wall;
- aerated concrete;
- Wood;
- Unfired raw brick.
Thermal panels stylized as stone or brick are mostly positive reviews, which is associated with a certain number of advantageous features.
For example, it may be the possibility of insulating old buildings with sandwich panels. Such products as rustic thermal panels can, if necessary, insulate the facade of a house with a broken geometric shape.
With the help of ordinary foam, it is almost impossible to perform such insulation work. In especially difficult cases maybe in order to insulate the uneven facade of the house, instead of polystyrene, a crate is first finished, which levels the work surface.
After that, the facade is covered with thermal panels or sandwich panels, which can be stylized as stone or brick.
2 Characteristics and properties of thermal panels
When finishing the outer surface of the facade with thermal panels, the period of installation work is significantly reduced.
In turn, this significantly reduces total time that was spent on construction works and, consequently, their cost.
It is known that during construction work, a significant share of the costs is not only the purchase of material and wages, but also rent scaffolding, with which the facade work will be carried out.
The installation of a thermal panel does not require the involvement of highly qualified workers and specialists, because you can do it yourself without much difficulty.
To do this, it will generally require minimum set the most common tools. During installation, you can not do without:
- Electric drills;
- construction knife;
- Hammer;
- Screwdrivers as per .
Before you start installing the insulation, you need to make sure that the surface of the walls is even and has no significant flaws.
Facade panels can be fastened with glue, foam foam or dowels. It is known that the presented panels cost significantly less than the traditional one. brickwork, therefore, after carrying out simple calculations, you can find out the percentage of cost savings when conducting insulation in this way.
Insulation, presented in the form of thermal panels, completely relieves the owner of the mandatory need associated with the periodic repair of the facade and restoration of the outer surface of the walls.
However, if the work is performed without observing the requirements of the technology, then the insulating coating may undergo deformation.
The presented material has a long service life, which is more than fifty years, while maintaining the original color.
2.1 Product reviews
As already mentioned, reviews of facade panels with insulation are mostly positive.
Pavel, 45 years old, Izhevsk:
I recently purchased on the secondary housing market Vacation home. Decided to do a major overhaul before moving in. When it came to the insulation of the facade, I bought and installed Rockwool thermal panels. Excellent insulation and, moreover, pleasing to the eye.
Sergey, 50 years old, Kramatorsk:
Lately old heating system failed to do its job well. I took up the exterior insulation of the facade. As a heater, I used a Rockwool sandwich panel. Now in all rooms optimum temperature. I recommend this heater to everyone.
Vladimir, 43 years old, Zhytomyr:
I am a small foreman construction team. We work mainly on private orders. When it comes to external insulation of the facade of houses, we use Rockwool thermal panels. These products have long been proven to be the best. Clients are always satisfied great material We have no complaints about its quality.
2.2 Clinker thermal panels
The presented variety of panels has clinker tiles as a decorative layer. Regarding the degree of resistance to aggressive impact environment, then the clinker outperforms some varieties of natural stone.
This material has a large number of colors and is made using slate clay. Such raw materials are currently mined in North-Western Europe.
This suggests that the clinker is absolutely eco-friendly material, which does not contain harmful chemical additives and impurities.
It is created during the implementation of the high-temperature firing method. Clinker panels show high performance mechanical strength, with a low value of water absorption.
Such material is distinguished by pronounced frost resistance and the ability to maintain its properties throughout its entire service life.
In addition to the fact that clinker panels show excellent thermal insulation and aesthetic performance, they demonstrate high sound insulation qualities.
In addition, the material acts as an additional waterproofing as. Such material is used not only as a heater and decorative element facade, but also for interior finishing work.
2.3 Thermal panels with porcelain tiles
Kermogranite is another type of insulation ceramic tiles. It is made from high quality raw materials, in the process of firing, exposure high temperatures and pressure.
The result is a very densely compressed material, which is practically unaffected by the harmful effects of the environment.
These indicators are significantly superior to natural natural stones. The presented thermal panels are especially quoted by those house owners who prefer to design a facade that has a detailed textured surface.
Thermal panels made of porcelain tiles are large in size, which easily allows them to imitate masonry.
As a rule, these products are used in houses, the appearance of which is oriented towards the Mediterranean or scandinavian styles. Despite the solid size of the plates, they weigh a little, so this allows you to install them with ease with your own hands.
2.4 Thermal panels with glazed tiles
This type of thermal panels is currently very popular. Their use is especially important in the process of finishing low-rise houses.
The popularity of this material was already noticed in the 60s of the last century. Glazed tiles are different smooth surface and has a heterogeneity colors, which gives the facade of the house a resemblance to natural brickwork.
This material is characterized by good appearance, ease of installation work, high strength characteristics and a minimum number of shortcomings.
2.5 Facade insulation with clinker thermal panels (video)
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