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Basement hatches should:- Look good.
- Securely close the entrance to the basement.
How to build a hatch in the basement
- Metal corners.
- Rubber for sealing.
- Screwdriver.
- Self-tapping screws for fixing the sheet.
- Bulgarian.
- Electric drill.
- Roulette.
Work procedure
.
- tile;
- board;
- parquet.
Once a year it is recommended to open the hatch and clean it. What basement hatches can be made independently well shows our instructions and videos on our portal. => Luke To The Basement With Your Own Hands => => publish => open => closed => => lyuk-v-podval-44 => => => 2019-03-27 20:07:08 => 2019-03 -27 16:07:08 => => 0 =>?p=676 => 0 => post => => 4 => raw => index,follow)) => 1 => -1 => => WP_Post Object ( => 676 => 2 => 2015-06-12 20:14:15 => 2015-06-12 16:14:15 => Basement hatch Basement hatches are devices that provide entry to the basement. With its high-quality manufacture, it is possible not only to save space in the home, but it also allows you to hide the presence of the basement itself.For many, this is a prerequisite.Here you can store unnecessary things, potatoes, canned goods and other food products.A feature of the basement is to maintain the temperature at about the same level during the entire period.How to make a hatch in the basement with your own hands is invited to learn from this article. Features of the construction of the hatch for entering the basement
Basement hatches should:- Look good.
- How best to fit into their surroundings.
- Securely close the entrance to the basement.
- Have a fairly simple mechanism for opening the cellar.
- Even with the very large dimensions of the hatch itself, the mechanism for opening it should be convenient, and the device should open with little effort.
- Most often, the hatch is an ordinary wooden square of small thickness, lifted with the help of two handles.
- With a product weight of more than 10 kilograms, the device of the electric motor and other elements of the automatic system will be useful.
Electric sunroof - The dimensions of the hatch must correspond to the shaft of the basement being created. Otherwise, numerous problems may arise, which, after detection, will create difficulties and the hatch construction process will have to be started from the very beginning.
- The hatch should be of such a design that the passage is easily hidden by the floor covering. In this case, its upper plane should be at floor level.
- The design of the device must be reliable, during the day it will probably be stepped on more than a dozen times.
Tip: How complex the hatch device will be depends on its owner. In any case, it should keep the home well from dampness, which can lead to mold and fungi.
How to build a hatch in the basement
Before you make a hatch in the basement, you need to purchase the following materials and tools:- Metal corners.
- Sheet metal, up to 5 mm thick.
- Rubber for sealing.
- Welding machine and electrodes.
- Screwdriver.
- Self-tapping screws for fixing the sheet.
- Bulgarian.
- Electric drill.
- Roulette.
Work procedure
You need to start building a floor hatch in the basement by creating a kind of frame for it, which fits perfectly into the overall design. For this:- With the help of electric welding, a blank is assembled from metal corners for the main part of the structure, which can be square or rectangular.
Tip: In this case, it is necessary to provide a gap of up to five millimeters between the frame and the concrete opening filled with sealant.
- High density rubber is used for sealing.
- The manhole cover can be wooden or metal, it all depends on the preferences and capabilities of the basement owner and on the material that prevails in the interior of the home. In a wooden house, the basement hatches on top should be the same.
- When making a frame from the corners on the lid, sharp edges should be blunted and the dimensions adjusted to the frame. The lid on top should be slightly wider from the bottom.
- The dimensions are calculated, taking into account the thickness of the corner shelf, for tightly closing the passage.
- In most cases, the manhole cover is put on hinges, which allows you to significantly save energy when opening it, and the density of the hatch must be sufficient and prevent moisture from penetrating into the basement.
- External hinges are usually purchased at any hardware store. The main thing is that they correspond to the dimensions of the hatch. In this case, some elements of the loop are fixed on metal corners, while the latter are attached directly to the lid. For this, it is better to use self-tapping screws.
How to use gas shock absorbers for the floor hatch
Hatch with gas shock absorbers Floor hatches on gas shock absorbers are used for access to various premises, communications located below the floor level.
The features of such structures are:
- For the manufacture of floor hatches, durable steel is used with powder paint protection against corrosion.
- For assembly, argon-arc welding is used.
- For lining the lid, any flooring up to 20 mm high. It could be:
- tile;
- stone natural or artificial;
- board;
- parquet.
- At a small height, the hatch is opened with a handle, then gas springs are used.
- Shock absorbers guarantee an easy, smooth, and most importantly safe opening and closing of the hatch without unforeseen jerks to the inspection door.
Tip: The correct calculation of the force for gas shock absorbers allows you to open the inspection hatch without the slightest effort.
- A special design allows the manufacture of sufficiently large revision palaces, completely preserving their strength, and even a large manhole cover, with gas shock absorbers and a special hinge design, will open 90 degrees in one motion.
- Device for floor hatches in the basement with gas shock absorbers rubber seal, allows you to keep moisture, odors out of the basement and prevent drafts.
What are the features of installing hatches in the basement for tiling
Hatches in the basement under the tiles have some features for installation and maintenance, in addition, the price of such devices is slightly higher than the rest:- In such designs for horizontal installation, troughs are provided at the top.
- When laying the floor covering and then adjusting the lifting mechanism, the operation of the floor hatch is prohibited.
- Detachable lifting mechanism devices.
- The marking of the installation of the structure is being carried out. To do this, the floor hatch fits neatly into the opening. Both levels are adjustable.
- The top of the floor hatch should be flush with the bottom tile.
- Before filling the trough, it is necessary to disconnect the lifting mechanism and close the hatch leaf; a flat belt must be placed under it for the subsequent lifting of its leaf. The trough of the device is filled with concrete.
- After reaching a mixture strength of 90%, the trough opens. The remains of the mortar that remain between the trough and the frame should be removed and the outer edge of the trough and the inside of the frame cleaned.
- According to the attached diagram of the floor hatch, a lifting mechanism is connected.
- Glued finishing material as shown in the photo.
Bonding finishing material - To prevent sticking, after sealing the seams, it is necessary to carefully clean the gap between the frame and the trough.
Tip: To achieve the best thermal and sound insulation and operational properties hatch, no hollow spaces between the opening and the hatch frame should be allowed. They must be carefully sealed with sealant or "foam".
- A rubber seal is glued around the perimeter of the frame.
You may well make a cellar in the garage with your own hands to store a variety of jams and pickles in it. The garage basement is a very useful utility room, so it makes sense to build it and properly equip it.
Types of cellars - what are they?
Basements in garages differ from each other in terms of their penetration into the ground. The most common option is considered to be a cellar with a depth of 1.6 to 3 m. This type of "garage pit" is called completely buried. It can store any stocks prepared for the winter by zealous housewives.
Semi-buried basements are built a little less often. They are deepened into the ground no more than a meter. If desired, you can do the so-called ground cellar Dig a small hole in the garage floor and place a plastic container in it.
When choosing the type of garage basement, one should take into account the depth of soil water in a particular area. Experts advise building cellars, the bases of which are at least 0.5 m away from the source of moisture.
Underground vaults are usually built under capital garages with relatively large areas. The dimensions of such basements, in principle, can be any. In practice, pits are dug no more than 2.5 m wide and about 2 m deep. All work is carried out according to a pre-drawn plan (building drawings, thermal and waterproofing schemes, a set of materials used, and so on).
Buried basements are best done simultaneously with the construction of the garage itself. But it is quite possible to build a cellar in a finished structure - the technology for performing construction activities will be the same. It’s just that in an already operated garage it will not be possible to use special equipment for digging a pit. The work will have to be done with a shovel and other tools, not relying on the help of machines.
A few important tips to help you build a basement in a garage with your own hands:
- If the soil on your land is very wet or the groundwater rises high, the pit needs to be built from monolithic concrete, which has a high density and moisture resistance.
- When building a garage and a basement at the same time, it is best to make a strip foundation - it will become a “replacement” for part of the cellar walls.
- In dry soils, the construction of lightweight basement walls from roofing asbestos-cement slate is allowed.
The principles of arranging the floor base in the garage basement
After the pit is dug, it is necessary to carefully level its bottom and then tamp it down. The bottom level is always taken 25–30 cm less than the mark at which the future flooring will be located.
A pillow is laid on the rammed floor. Several layers are made in such a way that the thickness of the sand layer is at least 20 cm. Each part of the pillow should be rammed, using water if necessary. Professionals, in addition, recommend equipping an additional gravel layer of the same thickness.
After that, we select the type of floor that we want to build. It can be concrete, soil or clay. When laying concrete base be sure to use reinforcing bars. Hardware provide surfaces with high strength. Floors with reinforcement are practically not afraid of soil shifts. The bars are poured with concrete, the surface thickness should be about 7.5 cm.
Then the waterproofing of the concrete layer is carried out using roofing material (it is desirable to make two-layer products by gluing two sheets of material with molten bitumen). The insulation is made so that the edges of the roofing material protrude beyond the foundation by 12–14 centimeters.
Instead of a concrete solution, when arranging the bottom of the cellar, it is allowed to use ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. In this case, you have to very accurately level the base of the pit using a laser or a regular building level. The slabs are installed on a 15 cm layer of crushed stone and 5 cm of sand.
Soil foundations are not recommended. It is reasonable to lean towards this option only when the soil water on the site is at a low level. Soil bases are settled on a gravel-sand cushion. They must be protected from moisture.
The most economical and at the same time environmentally friendly is the clay base. It is made from two layers. First, one layer of clay is laid (it must be thick enough), then - roofing material, which will act as a waterproofing agent, and again a clay layer on it. In most cases, wooden boards are subsequently mounted on such a base. Their installation is carried out after the complete drying of the clay.
Basement walls - how to make them reliable?
For the construction of wall surfaces in the cellar, it is forbidden to use light Construction Materials- Chipboard, plywood sheets and so on. It is necessary to use strong and reliable products. Walls can be built from concrete, well-burnt solid red brick, or from foam blocks that are popular today.
When using a brick, you will have to spend a lot of money. This material is quite expensive. After installation brick walls their surface, in addition, will need to be well plastered. Working with concrete products is much easier. Their advantage is the absence of the need to carry out measures for waterproofing the surfaces obtained.
Most often, the walls of the cellar are made of concrete. Step by step, this process looks like this:
- We impose a reinforcing mesh on the walls. It is made from scraps of pipes that have served their purpose or from thick metal rods, which are fastened together with annealed wire. Reinforcement cannot be welded, as concrete will crack during temperature fluctuations.
- We build formwork from pieces of plywood, slats of large thickness or other wood material. The formwork is equipped with separate (40 cm in height) sections, which are filled in layers with concrete mortar. Individual elements structures are connected with ordinary nails.
- We knead concrete (it is recommended to use material marked M400) and pour it in layers of 25–30 cm into the formwork.
As you can see, the construction instructions concrete walls for the basement is simple. There are no special tricks in it. Any home craftsman can cope with such work. Please note that it is undesirable to dry the finished concrete walls with hair dryers and other thermal devices. It will be right to wait until they dry naturally.
Overlapping the ceiling is a truly important stage of work
If you decide to make a very small basement, it is quite acceptable to make its ceiling from wooden planks. It is only necessary to insulate it from the inside, using improvised materials. In other cases, the overlap should be made reliable and massive. Do not forget that it will have to withstand the weight of your car in the garage.
A solid floor is usually made from a concrete slab. In this case, it is necessary to use a special reinforcing "skeleton" for it. Equipped with a hatch with a double cover. Buy such a hatch of any required dimensions quite easy. With a strong desire, you can do it yourself. The hatch is installed in a hole to be made in the concrete slab. In this place you will have the entrance to the cellar. Choose your own sizes.
Overlap with inside always treated with hot bitumen and insulated after the bitumen mixture has cooled. Glass wool or more expensive (but, note, more effective) polystyrene foam in plates is usually used as an insulating material. Its marking is PSB-S-25. With such expanded polystyrene, it is possible to insulate not only the ceiling, but also the walls and the outer parts of the basement foundation.
Fresh air for the cellar - we equip ventilation
The preservation of fruits and vegetables in the basement for a long time is ensured by the competent organization of its ventilation system. It can be made natural or forced.
The natural supply of fresh air is arranged simply:
- One pipe (it is called a supply pipe) is mounted from the cellar floor at a height of about 25 cm and brought out into the street. The outer part of the supply pipe is protected by a metal cap.
- The second pipe (exhaust) is installed 25 cm lower from the cellar ceiling, where the most humid and warm air masses are always present, which must be constantly removed to ensure the required microclimate in the basement. It is brought out above the roof of the garage by about 50 cm.
The efficiency of natural ventilation is low. In summer, it often simply does not function (the air in the street and in the basement has the same temperature), and in winter the system can become clogged with frost and snow, from which the ventilation must be constantly cleaned.
Forced air exchange systems are many times more modern and efficient. But their installation requires financial costs for the purchase of special fans powered by household power. These devices are mounted in ventilation pipes, which are installed in the same way as in the organization of natural ventilation. A scheme using one double-leaf pipe is also possible.
Forced systems from climatic conditions almost independent. They guarantee an optimal microclimate in the cellar. If you want to create the most reliable ventilation in your basement, buy a special monoblock controlled by a mini-computer. Such a technique will itself calculate the required amount of fresh air supplied to the cellar, as well as extract from it the required volume of moist and warm streams.
And don't forget to make stairs to your garage cellar. It can be the simplest - attached, and stationary, made of metal, durable wood or concrete.
The basement in the garage has a number of advantages. it extra bed storage of the necessary things, homemade preparations, etc. If you try and ensure the right microclimate, then you can even store vegetables and fruits here. Today it is quite a popular addition to the garage. It is best, of course, to think over the cellar and indicate it in the drawings at the construction stage of the garage. Let's look at this question of how to dig and build a basement in more detail.
Advantages of placing a basement in a garage
The financial side of building a garage is a very important part. Naturally, during its construction with a cellar, cash costs increase significantly. Indeed, in order to equip the latter, additional costs for building materials are required. Yes, it takes a lot more time to build. But the sheepskin is worth the candle. In building a garage with a cellar, there are a number of advantages that more than cover the disadvantages.
- The cellar in the garage is an additional place where you can store winter preparations. Many are engaged in rolling up pickles, jams, compotes. Some have their own dacha and garden, and some buy ingredients from the market. The basement is the optimal and convenient place for their safety, because there you can create certain temperature conditions for this.
- Own workshop - the place of almost every motorist. The basement might be a great place for her equipment. Indeed, directly in the garage itself there is not always a lot of space for full-fledged repair work. Lack of space causes a lot of inconvenience. But in the basement there is enough space to place all the tools and equip your workplace.
- In the basement of the garage, you can leave things that you do not always use, but from time to time. For example, seasonal fixtures, such as a children's sled that you use only in winter, or a bicycle that is only needed in summer period time. In order not to litter the balcony or pantry, you can leave it all in the basement.
- If you are going to sell the garage, then the presence of a basement in it will significantly increase its value. The same goes for renting it out.
How to build a capital cellar - instructions
The basement is also a kind of building that requires advance planning. The diagram must clearly indicate the dimensions of each element: height, thickness, width of the floor, ceiling, walls, etc. You need to clearly calculate how much thermal insulation you need, how many bricks, concrete, materials for interior cladding etc.
Be sure to check before starting construction works whether it is possible to build a basement in the place of your choice. And suddenly it is here that underground communications (gas or water supply) pass.
If you are building a cellar at the stage of building a garage, then it would be preferable to choose strip base for construction. Thus, the walls of the base will become parts of the walls of the cellar, and basement will play the role of the ceiling of the underground room.
In case of proximity ground water to the surface, give preference to monolithic concrete slabs for the construction of a garage basement. If you are lucky and your soil is dry and not heaving, then you can use lightweight materials for building walls. For example, asbestos-cement slate sheets for roofing, which need to be laid out in several layers (usually from two to four) and fastened to wooden crate. Between themselves, the sheets are glued using bituminous mastic or a mixture casein glue and cement no worse than M400.
- First of all, it is necessary to mark the perimeter of the future basement. Step back from the walls of the garage inward by 300 millimeters so that the garage does not sit in the basement.
- Dig a hole of the right size (250-350 centimeters).
- The walls and bottom of the pit must be made as even as possible.
- Cover the bottom with sheets of roofing material with an overlap of 150 millimeters on top of each other and crawling onto the walls of the pit by 200 millimeters. To strengthen the waterproofing, you can lay the roofing material in two layers. In this case, the joints of the lower layer should not overlap with the joints of the upper layer.
- Next stage - concrete screed with reinforcement.
- Then the basement walls are erected. To do this, you can use bricks, asbestos sheets, concrete or another material that suits you. Between the ground and the outer part of the wall, leave a small gap where it will fit outdoor waterproofing. To do this, use bituminous or other special mastic. It is applied with a roller or spatula, put on a long handle. If the gap is large enough, then roll insulation can be additionally glued to the mastic.
- Naturally, it is impossible to use a ready-made concrete slab for flooring, because the height and width of the garage is not enough to install it (of course, if it is a regular garage for one car). Therefore, you can make an overlap from the boards. They are laid close horizontally and a hole is left for the hatch. Lay on the boards waterproofing material, make a frame of reinforcement and formwork, fill everything cement mortar a layer of 300-400 millimeters. A smaller thickness of concrete may not be able to cope with the weight of the car.
Building the floor
In order for the floor of the garage cellar to be dry and as warm as possible, it is important to think carefully about its arrangement at the planning stage.
When you dig a pit, you need to increase its depth by 300-400 millimeters in order to build a drainage cushion. The bottom of the pit is well leveled and compacted. A layer of sand of 150 millimeters is poured on top. The sand must be moistened with water and compacted well. Then a layer of gravel of 150 millimeters is poured. This is done so that groundwater cannot get too close to the waterproofing material and spoil it. In addition, sedimentary water will be able to quickly leave through a layer of gravel and sand. Thus, the liquid will not linger in the basement.
After the crushed stone layer is laid and rammed, it is necessary to lay the rolled waterproofing material in several layers. Alternatively, liquid bitumen can be used.
Then a concrete screed with reinforcement is constructed, the thickness of which should be 200-300 millimeters. After its final hardening, it is advised to treat the concrete with a deep penetration waterproofing primer.
This type of flooring is the best.
You can make a clay floor, if the groundwater level allows it. To do this, clay is laid in two layers, and a layer of roofing is placed between them. The first layer of clay should be 250 millimeters, and the second 400-600 millimeters. On the clay, you can lay the flooring of the boards.
Building basement walls
Depending on which physical characteristics has soil at the construction site, it is necessary to choose best option material for building walls. If the soil is dry and not heaving, then a full-bodied red brick can be used. For other soils, the use of reliable and strong reinforced concrete is more suitable. Brick walls after erection are covered with plaster from a concrete mix.
If the walls are made of concrete, then first of all there is the construction of sectional plank formwork. One section in height should be from 350 to 400 millimeters. Reinforcing bars are installed in the formwork and concrete is poured there with a layer of 300 millimeters. After it dries, the formwork section is set higher and the same is done. So, section by section, all the walls of the room are lined up. Fasten the extended sections with each other using rails and nails.
For amplification waterproofing properties treat the walls with a special hydrophobic primer with deep penetration.
Waterproofing works - how to get rid of water
From proper construction many of its factors depend on the garage basement, such as its durability, food storage conditions and others.
Very important! The issue of waterproofing the basement of the garage must be approached with great responsibility. The cellar is a room located underground. That is why very high demands are placed on its protection.
- At the construction stage, when a foundation pit is dug under the cellar of the garage, as soon as groundwater is discovered, they must be repaired with greasy clay 500 millimeters deep.
- The same clay closes up the empty space that forms between the basement wall and the soil. The thickness of this layer should be at least 150 millimeters. Brick cladding must be laid out flush with the floor beams. Thereafter upper part cellars need to be lined reinforced concrete floor with hatch.
- If the soil at the basement construction site is low-moisture and inactive, i.e., the groundwater is deep enough, then for external waterproofing work it is sufficient to treat the walls with hot bitumen. Otherwise, if the soil is wet, then it is necessary to do waterproofing using roofing material, which is based on bituminous mastic.
- If the groundwater level is above the cellar floor, then it is necessary to make underground waterproofing. For this, multi-layer carpets made of roofing material are used. In addition, it is best in this case to make the base of the floor using greasy clay or gravel soaked in bitumen.
- To prevent dampness and mold from appearing in the cellar of the garage, it is necessary to ensure good ventilation in room. To make it, you need to build special holes in the basement walls. To maintain an average temperature in the room, you can lay a film, clay, clay straw or roofing felt over the entire floor area. The layer thickness should be 200 millimeters. A layer of earth of 300 millimeters must be poured on it.
Before placing vegetables, seamings and other products in the cellar, it is necessary to get rid of moisture and dry the room. To do this, cover the walls with lime and burn 12 tablets of dry fuel indoors. Such actions, in addition to drying the basement, relieve and prevent the appearance of putrefactive bacteria.
We make ventilation (hood) - table
A good ventilation system (hood), as mentioned earlier, is the key to high-quality storage of vegetables, fruits and other food products in the garage cellar. Ventilation planning takes place at the very beginning of the construction work on the construction of the garage. If this is not done, then the amount of air may not be enough.
| Way to create ventilation | Detailed description |
| Cellar natural ventilation |
|
| Forced cellar ventilation |
|
| Cellar mechanized ventilation | The most modern and expensive method of ventilation of basements. A monoblock, which is controlled by software, is responsible for attracting and extracting air. |
How to properly insulate a basement from the inside
This process is also very important in the construction of the basement.
If the basement is not thermally insulated or the process is approached in bad faith, then the cellar will not function properly and all the work done will go down the drain.
- Expanded polystyrene can be used as a heat-insulating material. It does not rot, waterproof and durable. Attach it to the outside of the basement when you insulate the garage foundation.
- The thickness of expanded polystyrene should be 50 millimeters and grade PSB-S-25. Such heat-insulating material will perfectly keep the stable temperature of the basement. Internal thermal insulation leads to condensation at the joints.
- The thermal insulation of the cellar ceiling is also very milestone construction of this building. Otherwise warm air will be rapidly cooled from the cold surface of the ceiling, due to which condensation will form.
- If the floor of the garage is made of reinforced concrete slab, which cannot be heated, the installation of a false ceiling in the basement, which is filled with heat-insulating material, saves.
Ceiling and roof insulation
To insulate the ceiling and basement cover, you must adhere to the following scheme:
- Fix pipes with a diameter of 2.5 centimeters under the ceiling of the garage cellar. They should be located 150 millimeters from the ceiling surface and installed at a distance of 600 millimeters from each other. You can fix them both to the ceiling and to the walls from inside the basement.
- To pipes with an angle of 90 °, it is necessary to install reinforcement rods. Their diameter should be no more than 0.1 centimeter and there should be a distance of 300 millimeters between them. Then you need to form a single soft metal mesh.
- Paint everything with waterproof paint.
- In the empty space between the ceiling and the pipes, place plastic bags filled with straw and moss. The ends of the bags are sealed and stacked tightly to each other so that there is not a single gap.
- On the last step it is necessary to make drains for condensate using umbrellas made of galvanized iron, polyethylene or moisture-resistant plywood. The condensate must drain into a previously prepared container.
Responsibly approach the arrangement of the basement so that its functionality is not impaired, and you can leave food in it with peace of mind. Even minimal errors in work can ruin all the work done.
How to dig a cellar in an already finished garage?
- Mark the perimeter of the future garage cellar.
- Dismantle the flooring and dig a pit of the desired size.
- The walls and floor are made according to the principle described above.
- Then comes the manufacture of supports for the ceiling.
- Planked and reinforcing frame formwork is being constructed.
- The floor of the garage is again poured with concrete.
- Redo the manhole, install a hatch and a ladder.
We do finishing and lighting
To make it comfortable in the basement of the garage, it needs to be finished with something and lighting should be done. The latter will not cause any particular difficulties with the condition that there is lighting and electrical wiring directly in the garage room itself. You will just need to create the wiring from the electrical panel, which is located in the garage. The formation of lighting and the placement of sockets and switches is a matter of technology.
At the final stage, it is necessary to make the lining of the bare concrete walls of the basement, which do not look very aesthetically pleasing.
The easiest way to finish is plastering. Thus, the design will look monolithic. To do this, attach a metal mesh to the walls without blocking the ventilation holes. If you plan to further finish the walls with ceramic tiles, then the layer of plaster should only cover the network minimally so that there is room for tile adhesive. The material is applied with a trowel and smoothed out using a trowel.
You can, of course, resort to more complex and expensive cladding options, for example, tiles. But practice shows that garage cellars most often get by with simple plastering.
This is followed by the arrangement of various shelves and racks in order to conveniently store homemade blanks or tools. Making it complete appearance the basement is formed by all the little things in the aggregate. At this stage, you are already free to manage your own needs. Each owner equips the basement for himself individually.
Video: basement arrangement
Video: do-it-yourself cellar under the garage
Now you can independently build a basement in your garage and equip there with an additional roomy enough place for anything. In fact, there is nothing complicated in the process of work. But each stage is very important and should be treated very seriously and responsibly. Good luck!
Most car owners prefer to have a garage with a concrete block basement. In such a garage you can store food, spare parts and equipment. In order to feel safe while in the garage, some fundamental conditions should be observed when building a cellar. When constructing a basement, the main attention should be paid to the design of the cellar ceiling. It can be varied and depend on the size of the garage, the size of the basement and the number of cars left in the garage. It is best to plan for a basement before starting the construction of a garage. Then, during the organization of the work sequence, all design requirements can be optimally met. When arranging the cellar, after the garage is built, there are inconveniences that require time and effort.
The scheme of the cellar in the garage.
The focus should be on strength concrete floors over the basement. On its strength has big influence support for this roof. With a complex arrangement of a garage with a basement, standard concrete plates. In this version, the walls of the cellar turn out to be the supporting foundation for the entire garage and at the same time the support on which the ceiling is placed. During operation, horizontal forces from the surrounding soil begin to act on the walls of the basement. These forces tend to deform the basement walls. Therefore, the thickness of the walls should increase in proportion to the depth of the basement. The bottom of the excavated pit is covered with a layer of crushed stone 10 cm and sand 5 cm. Then a strip foundation is made. A garage with all its weight, cellar walls and ceiling will act on this foundation. Basement walls are best built from concrete blocks. But if it's too expensive, then instead of concrete blocks, you can make the walls concrete using sliding formwork.
The layout of the cellar in the garage.
If everything is done properly, then you need to order survey work at the construction site. This will allow you to find out if there are any underground utilities below, for example, electrical or telephone cable, or nearby groundwater. If the garage is on soil saturated with moisture, then you need to make a circular drainage system to remove moisture from the area adjacent to the garage. In any case, you need waterproofing of the foundation and basement blocks from the outside. If the construction is on dry ground, then it is enough to coat the blocks outside with hot bitumen in two layers. If the soil is wet, then it is required to paste the blocks with roofing material on bituminous mastic. Expanded polystyrene is a good insulating and at the same time waterproof material. This material has a high resistance to mold and decay. Installation of such a heater is done by simply pasting the blocks on the outside. The size of the plates must be carefully adjusted to each other. The joints are also glued.
Basement plan.
If the basement is being built in a built garage, then standard concrete slabs cannot be used as floors, because they are installed by a crane. Overlapping is done by laying load-bearing beams. It is best to use I-beams. Motorists use for this purpose pieces of railway rails purchased at scrap metal collection points. Mine rails for the carrier beam will be rather weak. They can be used as transverse elements laid perpendicular to the supporting beams. For the ends of the load-bearing beams, beds are provided on the walls of the basement. In general, the walls of the basement serve as the foundation for the entire garage. Reinforcement is placed in the space between the supporting beams. The lower formwork is installed, on which the concrete is laid. It turns out a homemade reinforced concrete slab.
If the size of the cellar in the plan is small compared to the area of the garage, then there may be another option for overlapping above the basement. If the car is placed in a place under which there is no basement, then only an inspection ditch is arranged at the place of its installation. The basement will be located in a place where there is no load from the weight of the car and its overlap can be made lightweight. In all cases, the ceiling above the basement requires insulation. Insulation ensures the absence of wet condensate and therefore directly affects the protection metal structures from corrosion. Great importance for the absence of humidity is given to the ventilation of the cellar and garage. Insulation and ventilation need to be considered in more detail.
Insulation of the ceiling, walls and blocks
Scheme of insulation of the cellar floor.
The ceiling of the cellar can be insulated in several ways. One of them is that 15 cm from the ceiling, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are installed horizontally with a fastening pitch of about 60 cm. These pipes can be attached to walls or to the ceiling. Reinforcing bars made of wire with a diameter of 8-10 mm are attached perpendicular to the pipes. They are attached with soft wire. It is better to paint the entire structure with chromium oxide, red lead or other waterproof paint. Polyethylene bags are placed in the space between the ceiling and the resulting structure. Previously, forest moss or chopped straw is placed in the bags and sealed with an iron. The bags are stacked without a gap on each other and tightly between them. Sheets of galvanized iron, waterproof plywood or polyethylene film. They are used as an umbrella, from which condensate must drain into a bucket or some other container along pre-arranged grooves.
Can be used for ceiling insulation building mixture with the addition of cement and sawdust. The layer of such a solution can reach 20 cm. After complete drying, after a few days, apply plaster mortar. The basement walls can also be insulated in the same way. The floor is insulated with glass wool or other insulation laid between the logs under the finishing coating. If the groundwater level is high, then a drainage system should be arranged around the garage. The bottom of the cellar deepens by 30 cm from the expected floor level. A layer of crushed stone of about 10 cm is poured onto the leveled soil. Sand is poured onto the crushed stone with a layer of 5 cm. All layers are compacted. The cover of the entrance to the basement is made with a grate or mesh, so that the ventilation is better and small animals cannot enter. For the winter, the lid is closed with a heater.
Cellar insulation scheme.
The best insulation for the floor, walls and ceiling will be polyurethane foam. It is applied by spraying directly onto the surface of the insulation. The entire inner surface of the basement is blown with foam. The insulation fills all the cracks, penetrating into inaccessible places. Upon rapid solidification, Smooth surface without seams and voids. Polyurethane foam has a very low thermal conductivity. It is practically weightless, so it will not additionally load bearing structures. With this method, the basement is insulated very quickly, and the only drawback is the high price of the material.
Space ventilation
Ventilation scheme for the cellar and garage space.
Proper ventilation is a guarantee that moisture will not linger in the basement. With good ventilation, dampness will not damage the food supply. Knowing how dangerous exhaust fumes can be in a garage, ventilation should be at a height and in the main area of the garage. In most cases, natural ventilation is used, in which the movement of air is carried out due to the temperature difference between the incoming air and the air inside. If the air change is done in insufficient volume, then it makes sense to install a fan. At such a time of the year, when the air temperature outside and inside the cellar is equalized, ventilation stops. There will be no ventilation even when the outside temperature is higher than in the basement. Artificial and natural ventilation can be carried out through one channel. artificial ventilation may have one hole.
Garage ventilation not only protects food and wall surfaces, but also the car itself. When the car is put in the garage in winter, snow remains on the wheels and body. After thawing, the air becomes very humid, which increases the likelihood of corrosion of metal parts.
Working conditions
Scheme of ventilation of the cellar and garage.
The opening of the supply pipe is arranged at a distance of 10-15 cm from the cellar floor. Above the ground, the suction hole should be at a height of 30-40 cm. It is supplied with a mesh from the penetration of small animals. The hole must be protected by a so-called deflector. This device consists of a sheet curved in an arc and attached in the form of a fungus to the suction port. The deflector is designed to protect against precipitation.
For natural ventilation to work, there must be a difference in height between the suction and outlet openings in the ventilation pipes. The minimum value of such a difference, providing a pressure drop, is 3 meters.
The supply pipe should be positioned so that it is constantly affected by the wind. The lack of natural ventilation is manifested in severe frosts, when the pipe can be covered with frost. To prevent this shortcoming, it is necessary to insulate pipelines. Periodically, pipes should be cleaned of snow and frost.
Cellar ventilation scheme.
It turns out that natural ventilation can fail, not coping with the work year-round. Therefore, a fan can be inserted into the chimney. It pushes the exhaust air into the pipe and creates conditions for the influx of fresh air. The disadvantage is that in the cold season, the basement and garage can become supercooled. There are systems with fans at the inlet and outlet, and a two-speed fan is installed at the outlet. The ventilation control system is equipped with temperature and gas level sensors. When the garage fills with exhaust fumes, the second gear is engaged. exhaust fan. Modern systems in European garages, they are equipped with fans, taking into account the need for an optimal climate in the garage. All switching and fan speeds are controlled by computer program. We consider the simplest devices and the usual garage of our domestic motorist so that the owner of the garage has a good idea of the effect of ventilation and takes timely measures to eliminate failures.
Implementation results
Scheme of a garage with a cellar.
A garage with a cellar made of concrete blocks is a fairly reliable structure. No one denies the usefulness and functionality of such a structure. However, when installing the ceiling of the cellar in the garage, all the nuances associated with the distribution of loads on the walls of concrete blocks, the effect of insulation and ventilation on the state of the structure and the atmosphere of the garage should be foreseen. When planning, you need to organize the sequence of work in such a way as to provide maximum comfort. It is best to design a garage completely with a basement of concrete blocks so that the functionality of all devices is ensured. Neglect of insulation can damage the ceiling due to increased moisture condensation, followed by corrosion of the supporting structures.
The ventilation value is also high to prevent unnecessary condensation. Insufficient waterproofing of walls and foundations, as well as the absence of a circular drainage system, can lead to basement flooding. Such a garage will turn into a breeding ground for mosquitoes with a marsh smell.
How and with what to block the cellar?
The cellar is an indispensable building for owners of private houses, ensuring the safety of food for a long time. It is a room located below the zero mark and does not take up additional space on the site. The cellar overlap, made in accordance with building codes, will ensure structural strength, maintain a stable temperature throughout all year round and will not allow dampness to form.
Storage for food, conservation, vegetables, despite its apparent simplicity, will meet the purpose, if you responsibly approach the work and close the cellar correctly.
Do-it-yourself work to cover the basement and cellar can be done on your own
Preparatory activities
In order for the room to fully fulfill the assigned functions, before you start building a cellar with your own hands, pay attention to the following points:
- Implementation earthworks preceded by the development of the layout of the room, which is thought out to the smallest detail. This, in the future, will help to avoid unforeseen situations.
- Assess the level of groundwater at the construction site. Ideal if they are located low. When positioning the vault floor below a water-saturated formation, take care that water does not penetrate through the floor and walls.
Only after reliable protection against moisture can the ceiling for the cellar be equipped. The task of waterproofing a building is one of the main ones, as it determines the comfortable mode of the room. How to do it right?
Moisture protection
Reliable waterproofing in the cellar makes it difficult for moisture to penetrate and is carried out as follows:
- apply on side surfaces basement building a layer of plaster with the addition of liquid glass;
- stick 2-3 layers of roofing material on a wet cement mortar;
- erect brickwork, with which to press the waterproofing to the walls.
Before pouring concrete to create a basement floor, it is necessary to mount reinforcement and formwork
Floor protection is carried out in a similar way, it provides for the preparation of a "cushion" 20 cm thick from a mixture of crushed stone and sand.
When the box is prepared (walls, floor are concreted and waterproofed), a ceiling is built in the basement. It is necessary to determine what is better to make a ceiling from? After answering this serious question, you can calculate the need for materials and begin work.
It is convenient when the basement is located in the room where the vehicle is stored. Having done all the work in the garage with your own hands, you can save financial resources, as you will not involve professional builders. To reduce costs, pre-determine necessary materials, find out the prices at which they can be purchased. This will allow you to estimate the overall level of spending.
What types of ceilings can be installed on the cellar?
Types of floors
To ensure the tightness of basements are used various designs that use:
- solid reinforced concrete slabs;
- reinforced concrete monolithic prefabricated elements;
The quality of the pouring is improved by pouring with vibration
- wooden structures;
- bearing beams.
Let us consider in more detail their differences, the specifics of the arrangement.
Features of installing a monolithic block
If you are thinking about how to make the ceiling of the cellar so that it is practical and reliable, then we recommend a common option - a monolithic reinforced concrete block, which is a reinforcing cage filled with concrete.
The process of creating a solid reinforced base requires the following recommendations:
- It is necessary to determine the dimensions of the monolithic block and prepare the formwork.
- Install strong supports to support the formwork, which, when pouring mortar and during curing, will ensure the integrity of the array.
- Check the tightness of the formwork boards.
- Reinforce with mesh and knit the frame after the installation of the formwork. Build a reinforcement mesh, provide an interval between the bars of 20 cm and protrude the steel frame beyond the edges of the slab by 4 cm.
Cellar scheme with insulation and water drainage
- When the formwork and frame are ready, you can start pouring the solution.
- Concrete continuously, evenly applying the composition until the formation of the array is complete.
- Remove air from the internal cavities of the liquid mixture using internal vibrators or conventional fittings.
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