Technological map for the installation of ventilation grilles. TTK. Typical flow chart for the installation and installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems with air handling units and equipment for refrigeration systems. Basic mounting positions

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

INSTALLATION OF AIR DUCTS

1 AREA OF USE

A typical technological map (TTK) is drawn up for one of the options for the installation of air ducts for ventilation systems in industrial and public buildings.

The TTK is intended to familiarize workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work, as well as for the purpose of using it in the development of work production projects, construction organization projects, and other organizational and technological documentation.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Ventilation systems. Modern tricks installation of air ducts

In the total scope of work on the installation of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems at industrial facilities, the most time-consuming is the installation of air ducts.

Most of the duct installation have to be performed at a height, which complicates the process of assembling ventilation systems, especially given the significant dimensions and a lot of parts of ventilation equipment. This necessitates the use of special machines, mechanisms and devices during the installation of ventilation. These include machines such as mobile cranes, auto-hydraulic lifts, retractable self-propelled scaffolds, mobile assembly platforms, etc.

When installing ventilation systems, the method of installing air ducts depends on the design features of ventilation systems, the features of building structures, the conditions for installing ventilation, and the availability of lifting mechanisms.

The most progressive method of air duct installation provides for pre-assembly of air ducts and enlarged units 25-30 m long, made up of straight sections of air ducts and fittings.

Ventilation systems. Installation of horizontal metal air ducts

When installing horizontal metal air ducts, the following sequence of work must be observed:

- install means of fastening by welding to embedded parts or using a construction and assembly gun;

- outline the installation sites for mechanisms for lifting air duct assemblies and prepare inventory scaffolding, scaffolding, towers for work;

- they bring individual parts of air ducts and assemble them into enlarged units on inventory stands, and parts of air ducts of large sections - on the floor;

- install clamps or other means of fastening.

After the intermediate assembly of the air ducts, the assembly unit is trailed with inventory slings, and hemp rope braces are tied at the ends of the units.

Duct mounting assembly lift it to the design mark from the inventory scaffolding by a car lift or other mechanisms, then hang it from the previously installed fasteners. At the end of the installation, the air duct is connected by flanges to the previously installed section of the air duct.

In installation practice, there are such options design solutions laying of metal air ducts, as a laying under the ceiling of a building, on outer wall, overpass, in the inter-farm space.

When installing air ducts, the following basic requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems" should be observed.

The method of installation of air ducts is chosen depending on their position (vertical, horizontal), the nature of the object, local conditions, location relative to building structures(inside or outside the building, at the wall, at the columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of buildings), as well as from the solutions laid down in the PPR or standard technological maps.

Air ducts for ventilation, air conditioning and air heating should be designed in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs of SNiP 2.04.05-91, providing in projects technical solutions, providing maintainability, explosion and fire safety of systems and regulatory requirements.

Mounting positions, methods of connection and fastening of air ducts

In order to unify the location of air ducts relative to building structures, it is recommended to use the installation positions of round and rectangular section. These duct mounting positions are determined by the following guidelines and dimensions.

1. Axes of air ducts must be parallel to the planes of building structures.

2. The distance from the duct axis to the surfaces of building structures is calculated using the following formulas:

Where - maximum diameter air duct to be laid, including insulation, mm;

Where - the maximum width of the duct to be laid, mm; - distance between the outer surface of the air duct and the wall (at least 50 mm), mm.

With a duct width of 100-400 mm 100 mm, with 400-800 mm 200 mm, with 800-1500 mm 400 mm.

3. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to outer surface electrical wires are determined by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

4. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the pipelines is found by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

5. When laying several air ducts in parallel at the same elevation, the minimum allowable distance between the axes of these air ducts is calculated by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

Where and are the diameters of the air ducts, mm; and - dimensions of the sides of rectangular air ducts, mm.

6. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the air ducts to the ceiling surface is determined by the formulas:

- for round air ducts

For rectangular ducts

7. When air ducts pass through building structures, flange and other detachable connections of air ducts should be placed at a distance of at least 100 mm from the surface of these structures.

Separate parts of air ducts (straight sections and fittings) are connected to each other in an air duct network using flanged and flangeless connections (bandages, strips, rails, socket and other connections).

Air ducts should be fastened in accordance with the working documentation and the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 *. Fastening of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer connection should be installed at the following distances:

- no more than 4 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm;

- no more than 3 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange connection of circular cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m. round section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular section with the dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm should be assigned as working documentation.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m.

Fastenings of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4 m and on the roof of the building should be assigned as a working draft.

The design of the connections of the air duct parts will be discussed in more detail in the special literature.

Development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts

The development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts is reduced to the development of an axonometric wiring diagram of the ventilation (air conditioning) system, packing lists of air duct parts and mass production lists (silencers, dampers, air distributors, umbrellas, deflectors, etc.), as well as drawings (sketches) non-standard parts. The listed technical documentation is called an assembly or assembly and procurement (MZP) project.

The minimum wage is needed to place an order at a procurement enterprise for the manufacture of air duct parts for mounted ventilation and air conditioning systems, to check the completeness of the system blanks, and also to determine the place of each part made at the procurement enterprise in the system during its installation. MZP is developed for each system.

The following initial data are required for the development of MP:

- working drawings of the OB grade of the mounted systems and architectural and construction drawings of the AR grade, plans and sections of the building (structure) at the locations of the mounted systems;

- albums and other materials containing data on unified parts and assemblies of mounted systems;

- overall and connecting dimensions of equipment and standard parts;

- recommended mounting positions of assembly units of systems;

- regulatory and methodological materials on the procedure for the implementation and design of MP systems.

Installation design consists of the following steps:

- using RF grade OB, draw an axonometric diagram of the system, divide the routes of the system air ducts into parts, as a rule, unified, contained in albums, norms and other documents;

- choose the types of connection of parts between themselves and with other assembly units of the system;

- establish the places and types of fastenings of the air duct routes of the system;

- develop sketches (drawings) of non-standardized parts with the definition of all the dimensions necessary for their manufacture;

- draw up documents required for MP:

1) axonometric wiring diagram of the system;

2) picking lists;

3) sketches for non-standardized (non-standard, non-standard) parts.

Other documents may be developed. State standard or there are no other uniform standards for the composition of MP documents, and therefore their list may differ in different regions and enterprises. The three items listed above are mandatory documents. However, their structure and content may differ.

Axonometric wiring diagram is drawn on the basis of the axonometric diagram of the working drawing developed by the design organization before the start of the installation design, i.e. it is available as input. The axonometric wiring diagram may be a copy of the RF circuit in configuration, or it may be depicted arbitrarily on a separate sheet without being drawn to scale. This diagram is marked with fan levels, ceilings, rises, descents of air ducts, as well as the length of horizontal straight sections and all diameters and sections of air ducts. Figure 1 shows for comparison the axonometric diagrams of the same ventilation system and the axonometric diagram from the working drawings and the wiring diagram.

Fig.1. Axonometric diagrams ventilation systems:

a- scheme of the working drawing; b- wiring diagram; 1...14 - unified parts

The scheme is divided into parts (details). First, standard, typical and unified parts of the system are distinguished, the dimensions of which are known. Then, sketches of non-standard (non-standardized) parts are developed in axonometric projection, and the dimensions necessary for their manufacture are determined. Find the total length of straight sections of the network between standard, typical, shaped parts and other elements. Rectilinear total sections of air ducts are divided into individual sections (parts) of the recommended VSN 353-86 length. In this case, one of the individual sections of each straight duct line may differ from the recommended length. He is called died. The length of the sub-measure is usually specified locally, and therefore it is advisable to make one flange free for movement along the axis of the duct in case of a flange connection. The sections are assigned numbers, they are indicated by numbers in circles, for example (T), which means section number 1. Figure 2 shows a simplified fragment of the axonometric wiring diagram of the ventilation system duct route. The fragment is used to illustrate a simplified picking list (Table 1.1).

Fig.2. Fragment of the wiring diagram of the air ducts:

1 , 2 , 3 - straight sections; 4 - a straight section with an end grid; 5 - a straight section with a grid and an engine; 6 - a straight section with a tie-in; 7 , 8 - taps; 9 - transition

It was noted above that the MP includes the development of picking lists and lists of air duct parts.

For each system, a one or multiple packing lists. The number of statements and their form depend on the requirements of enterprises fulfilling an order for the manufacture of parts. So, for example, the following data can be given in the packing list of the ventilation system: part numbers, their names, part sizes (diameter for circular ducts; dimensions of the sides of rectangular ducts; lengths), quantity (pieces, kg of one piece and the weight of all pieces ), metal thickness. The parts themselves are listed in the statement not in the order in which they are located in the system along the air flow, but according to groupings of the same type:

- straight sections;

- straight sections with tie-ins;

- straight sections with gratings, nets, etc.;

- bends and half-bends;

- transitions;

- boxes.

The composition of groupings and their order in the statement in different regional organizations may differ.

A sample picking list is presented in Table 1.1, which is compiled for a fragment of the system shown in Figure 2. At the end of the picking list, data on the total surface area of the air ducts and the total area by metal thickness, parts (separately for straight sections and fittings, for metal thickness in m and kg) can be given; the number and list of connecting elements (bandages, flanges and connections on the bus - the number for each size); gratings and grids, VEPsh (pressed ejection panel air distributors) and other parts installed on air ducts.

Table 1.1

Picking list of air duct parts


N details	the name of detail	Diameter, mm	Length, mm	Quantity, pcs.	Surface, m	Note

	straight section					Grid with slider 200x200 mm


	Straight section with mesh
	Straight section with grid and slider
	Straight section with inset

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

INSTALLATION OF AIR DUCTS

1 AREA OF USE

Typical routing(TTK) is drawn up for one of the options for the production of work on the installation of air ducts for ventilation systems in industrial and public buildings.

TTK is intended to familiarize workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work, as well as for the purpose of using it in the development of projects for the production of work, projects for the organization of construction, and other organizational and technological documentation.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Ventilation systems. Modern methods of installation of air ducts

Most of the duct installation have to be carried out at a height, which complicates the process of assembling ventilation systems, especially if you take into account the significant overall dimensions and weight of parts of ventilation equipment. This necessitates the use of special machines, mechanisms and devices during the installation of ventilation. These include machines such as mobile cranes, auto-hydraulic lifts, self-propelled retractable scaffolds, mobile assembly platforms, etc.

When installing ventilation systems, the method of installing air ducts depends on the design features of ventilation systems, the features of building structures, the conditions for installing ventilation, and the availability of lifting mechanisms.

The most progressive method of air duct installation provides for pre-assembly of air ducts and enlarged units 25-30 m long, made up of straight sections of air ducts and fittings.

Ventilation systems. Installation of horizontal metal air ducts

When installing horizontal metal air ducts, the following sequence of work must be observed:

Mounting means are installed by welding to embedded parts or using a construction and assembly gun;

They outline the installation sites for mechanisms for lifting air duct assemblies and prepare inventory scaffolding, scaffolding, towers for work;

They bring individual parts of air ducts and assemble them into enlarged units on inventory stands, and parts of air ducts of large sections - on the floor;

Install clamps or other means of fastening.

After the intermediate assembly of the air ducts, the assembly unit is trailed with inventory slings, and hemp rope braces are tied at the ends of the units.

Duct mounting assembly lift it to the design mark from the inventory scaffolding by a car lift or other mechanisms, then hang it from the previously installed fixtures. At the end of the installation, the air duct is connected by flanges to the previously installed section of the air duct.

In installation practice, there are such options for design solutions for laying metal air ducts, such as laying under the ceiling of a building, on an outer wall, overpass, in an inter-farm space.

When installing air ducts, the following basic requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary systems" should be observed.

The method of installation of air ducts is chosen depending on their position (vertical, horizontal), the nature of the object, local conditions, location relative to building structures (inside or outside the building, near the wall, near the columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of buildings), and also from the decisions incorporated in the PPR or standard technological maps.

Air ducts of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems should be designed in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs of SNiP 2.04.05-91, providing for technical solutions in the projects that ensure the maintainability, explosion and fire safety of systems and regulatory requirements.

Mounting positions, methods of connection and fastening of air ducts

In order to unify the location of air ducts relative to building structures, it is recommended to use the mounting positions of round and rectangular air ducts developed by the Proektpromventilation State Design Institute. These duct mounting positions are determined by the following guidelines and dimensions.

1. Axes of air ducts must be parallel to the planes of building structures.

2. Distance DIV_ADBLOCK269">

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image003_209.gif" width="37" height="24 src="> - maximum diameter of the duct to be laid, including insulation, mm;

For rectangular ducts

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image005_174.gif" width="33" height="24 src=">.gif" width="25" height="15 src=">. gif" width="25" height="15 src=">400 mm.

3. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the electrical wires is determined by the formulas:

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image009_147.gif" width="117" height="24 src=">, mm.

4. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the duct to the outer surface of the pipelines is found by the formulas:

For circular ducts

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image004_198.gif" width="100" height="24 src=">, mm.

5. When laying several air ducts in parallel at the same elevation, the minimum allowable distance between the axes of these air ducts is calculated by the formulas:

For circular ducts

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image012_129.gif" width="155" height="24 src=">, mm;

where https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image013_125.gif" width="37" height="24 src="> - duct diameters, mm; and - dimensions of rectangular duct sides, mm.

6. The minimum allowable distance from the axis of the air ducts to the ceiling surface is determined by the formulas:

For circular ducts

https://pandia.ru/text/80/230/images/image004_198.gif" width="100" height="24 src=">.

7. When air ducts pass through building structures, flange and other detachable connections of air ducts should be placed at a distance of at least 100 mm from the surface of these structures.

Separate parts of air ducts (straight sections and fittings) are connected to each other in an air duct network using flanged and flangeless connections (bandages, strips, rails, socket and other connections).

Air ducts should be fastened in accordance with the working documentation and the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85*. Fastening of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer connection should be installed at the following distances:

Not more than 4 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct less than 400 mm;

Not more than 3 m with diameters of a circular duct or dimensions of the larger side of a rectangular duct of 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange connection of circular cross-section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m. round section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or a rectangular section with the dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm should be assigned as working documentation.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4 m and on the roof of the building should be assigned as a working draft.

The design of the connections of the air duct parts will be discussed in more detail in the special literature.

Development of technical documentation for the manufacture and installation of air ducts

The minimum wage is needed to place an order at a procurement enterprise for the manufacture of air duct parts for mounted ventilation and air conditioning systems, to check the completeness of the system blanks, and also to determine the place of each part made at the procurement enterprise in the system during its installation. MZP is developed for each system.

The following initial data are required for the development of MP:

Working drawings of the OV grade of mounted systems and architectural and construction drawings of the AP grade, plans and sections of the building (structure) at the locations of the mounted systems;

Albums and other materials containing data on unified parts and assemblies of mounted systems;

Overall and mounting dimensions of equipment and standard parts;

Regulatory and methodological materials on the order of implementation and registration of MP systems.

Installation design consists of the following steps:

Using RF grade OB, an axonometric diagram of the system is drawn, the air duct routes of the system are divided into parts, as a rule, unified, contained in albums, norms and other documents;

Choose the types of connection of parts between themselves and with other assembly units of the system;

Establish the places and types of fastenings of the ducts of the system;

Develop sketches (drawings) of non-standardized parts with the definition of all the dimensions necessary for their manufacture;

Compile documents required for MP:

1) axonometric wiring diagram of the system;

2) picking lists;

3) sketches for non-standardized (non-standard, non-standard) parts.

Other documents may be developed. There is no state standard or other uniform norms for the composition of MP documents, and therefore their list in different regions and businesses may differ. The three items listed above are mandatory documents. However, their structure and content may differ.

Axonometric wiring diagram is drawn on the basis of the axonometric diagram of the working drawing developed by the design organization before the start of the installation design, i.e. it is available as initial data. The axonometric wiring diagram may be a copy of the RF circuit in configuration, or it may be depicted arbitrarily on a separate sheet without being drawn to scale. This diagram is marked with fan levels, ceilings, rises, descents of air ducts, as well as the length of horizontal straight sections and all diameters and sections of air ducts. Figure 1 shows for comparison the axonometric diagrams of the same ventilation system and the axonometric diagram from the working drawings and the wiring diagram.

Fig.1. Axonometric diagrams of the ventilation system:

a- scheme of the working drawing; b- wiring diagram; 1...14 - unified parts

Fig.2. Fragment of the wiring diagram of the air ducts:

1 , 2 , 3 - straight sections; 4 - a straight section with an end grid; 5 - a straight section with a grid and an engine; 6 - a straight section with a tie-in; 7 , 8 - taps; 9 - transition

It was noted above that the MP includes the development of picking lists and lists of air duct parts.

For each system, a one or multiple packing lists. The number of statements and their form depend on the requirements of enterprises fulfilling an order for the manufacture of parts. So, for example, the following data can be given in the packing list of the ventilation system: part numbers, their names, part sizes (diameter for circular ducts; dimensions of the sides of rectangular ducts; lengths), quantity (pieces, kg of one piece and the weight of all pieces ), metal thickness. The parts themselves are listed in the statement not in the order in which they are located in the system along the air flow, but according to groupings of the same type:

Straight sections;

Straight sections with insets;

Straight sections with gratings, meshes, etc.;

Bends and half-bends;

transitions;

Boxes.

The composition of groupings and their order in the statement in different regional organizations may differ.

A sample picking list is presented in Table 1.1, which is compiled for a fragment of the system shown in Figure 2. At the end of the picking list, data on the total surface area of the air ducts and the total area by metal thickness, parts (separately for straight sections and fittings, for metal thickness in m and kg) can be given; number and list connecting elements(bandages, flanges and connections on the tire - quantity for each size); gratings and grids, VEPsh (pressed ejection panel air distributors) and other parts installed on air ducts.

Table 1.1

Picking list of air duct parts


N details	the name of detail	Diameter, mm	Length, mm	Quantity, pcs.	Surface, m	Note

	straight section						Grid with slider 200x200 mm


	Straight section with mesh
	Straight section with grid and slider
	Straight section with inset

ROUTING

INSTALLATION OF INTERNAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map was developed for a complex of works on the installation of metal air ducts internal systems ventilation in public spaces.

On the basis of this technological map, technological maps can be developed for the installation of metal air ducts for internal ventilation systems in office space, offices with various design solutions in relation to specific planning conditions. The technological map under consideration can be tied to a specific object and take into account the accepted design dimensions. At the same time, production schemes, scopes of work, labor costs, mechanization means, materials, equipment, etc. are specified. All technological maps are developed according to the working drawings of the project and regulate the means of technological support, the rules for technological processes in the construction, reconstruction of buildings and structures, in the construction of engineering networks.

1.2. For binding or when developing technological maps, the following documents are required as initial data:

- working drawings of the ventilation system;

- architectural and construction drawings and floor plans of buildings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, VSN, SP);

- instructions, standards, factory instructions and specifications (TS) for the main materials used (wires, cables, ventilation ducts, air ducts, fittings, etc.);

- unified norms and prices for the installation of ventilation in premises (ENiR, GESN-2001);

- production norms for the consumption of materials (NPRM);

- progressive norms and prices, maps of the organization of labor and labor processes used in the installation of ventilation systems for buildings and structures.

2. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The normative base for the development of technological maps for ventilation are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production norms for the consumption of materials, progressive local norms and prices, norms for labor costs, norms for the consumption of material and technical resources.

2.2. The scope of work sequentially performed during the installation of the supply ventilation system includes:

- collection of manufactured ventilation parts;

- installation of the ventilation system according to the design scheme;

- commissioning of the ventilation system.

2.3. Ventilation - controlled air exchange in rooms serves mainly to create conditions air environment favorable for human health, meeting the requirements of the technological process, preservation of equipment and building structures of the building, storage of materials and products.

A person, depending on the type of activity (energy costs), releases heat (100 kcal / hour or more), water vapor (40-70 g / hour) and carbon dioxide (23-45 l / hour) into the surrounding air; production processes may be accompanied by immeasurably large releases of heat, water vapor, harmful vapors, gases and dust. As a result, the air in the room loses its hygienic qualities that are favorable for the well-being, health and performance of a person.

Hygienic requirements for ventilation are reduced to maintaining certain meteorological conditions of air (temperature, humidity and mobility) and its purity.

The essence of ventilation is as follows: the supply air is mixed with the room air and as a result of the heat exchange or mass transfer that occurs in the room, the specified air parameters are created.

Work on the installation of ventilation should be carried out, guided by the requirements of the following normative documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85* "Organization of construction production";
________________
* SNiP 3.01.01-85 is not valid. SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of construction" is valid hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.

SNiP 3.05.01-85* "Internal sanitary systems";
________________
* SNiP 3.05.01-85 is not valid. SP 73.13330.2012 "Internal sanitary systems of buildings. Updated version of SNiP 3.05.01-85" is in force hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.

SNiP 3.05.05-84 "Technological equipment and technological pipelines";

SNiP 12-03-2001 "Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements";

SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production";

SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation, air conditioning";

SP 7.13130.2009 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire requirements";
________________
* SP 7.13130.2009 was declared invalid from February 25, 2013 with the entry into force of SP 7.13130.2013 (Order of the EMERCOM of Russia dated February 21, 2013 N 116

SP 60.13330.2012 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning";

SP 73.13330.2012 "Internal sanitary systems of buildings";

SP 131.13330.2012 "Construction climatology";

GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT. "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area".

3. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

3.1. In accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85* "Organization of construction production", before the start of construction and installation (including preparatory) work at the facility, the General Contractor is obliged to obtain permission from the Customer to perform installation work in the prescribed manner. The basis for the start of work can be the Certificate of Examination of Hidden Works to Prepare the Premises for Installation of Ventilation.

3.2. The installation of ventilation systems is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, the Detailed Design, the Project for the production of works and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers. Replacement of materials and equipment provided for by the project is allowed only upon agreement with the design organization and the customer.

3.3. The requirements for the installation of ventilation systems are reduced to ensuring that the design parameters of the air environment in ventilated rooms are provided. This is achieved by maximum sealing of air duct systems and equipment, the necessary sound insulation, proper conditions for the operation, repair and replacement of equipment.

Reducing the time for performing installation and assembly work, while maintaining their high quality, is achieved with high industrialization of work, which consists in the use of standard sections of ventilation chambers, blocks and air duct assemblies (shaped parts - diffuser, confuser, elbows, tees, crosses; control devices - valves gates, throttling devices; fasteners; hangers; brackets; brackets; flanges) prefabricated or made in workshops with appropriate mechanical equipment. On site, as a rule, only manufactured parts are assembled, using mechanisms for moving workpieces and ventilation equipment.

3.4. Prior to the installation of ventilation systems, the following works must be fully completed and accepted by the customer:

- installation of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions;

- arrangement of foundations or platforms for the installation of fans, air conditioners and other ventilation equipment;

- building structures of ventilation chambers of supply systems;

- waterproofing works in places of installation of air conditioners, supply ventilation chambers, wet filters;

- arrangement of floors (or appropriate preparation) at the places of installation of fans on spring vibration isolators, as well as "floating" bases for the installation of ventilation equipment;

- arrangement of supports for installation roof fans, exhaust shafts and deflectors on the coverings of buildings;

- preparation of openings in walls, partitions, ceilings and coatings necessary for laying air ducts;

- arrangement of foundations, foundations and platforms for the installation of ventilation equipment;

- application of auxiliary marks on the internal and external walls of all premises equal to the design marks of the clean floor plus 500 mm;

- plastering (or cladding) of the surfaces of walls and niches in places where air ducts are laid;

- prepared mounting openings in walls and ceilings for supply large equipment and air ducts and mounted crane-beams in the ventilation chambers;

- installed in accordance with the working documentation, embedded parts in building structures for fastening equipment and air ducts;

- it is possible to turn on power tools, as well as electric welding machines at a distance of no more than 50 m from one another;

- glazed window openings in external fences, insulated entrances and openings;

- measures have been taken to ensure the safe production of installation work.

Acceptance of the object for installation must be carried out by employees of the installation organization according to the act.

3.5. When accepting an object for installation, the following must be checked:

compliance with all requirements of SNiP and current technical conditions;

availability and correct execution of acts for hidden work;

geometric dimensions and binding to building structures of foundations for ventilation equipment and air conditioners, supporting structures on the roof of the building for the installation of roof fans and deflectors, openings for the passage of air ducts, mounting openings;

correct installation of embedded parts;

the device of protections of apertures, floorings and canopies.

3.6. Loading blanks on vehicles at procurement enterprises should be carried out by the enterprise, unloading at the facility - by the assembly site.

3.7. When transporting air ducts, depending on their type and dimensions, the following should be provided:

for air ducts of small sections - containerization or packaging;

for air ducts of large sections - telescopic installation;

for semi-finished products - special packaging.

3.8. Loading and unloading and lifting work at the facilities it is recommended to produce with the maximum use of mechanization with the help of workers who are part of the assembly teams.

3.9. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training in the rigging program and received the appropriate certificate are allowed to work on lifting and moving loads.

3.10. Winches, forklift trucks, truck cranes, pneumatic wheel and caterpillar jib cranes, tower and gantry cranes should be used as mechanized lifting equipment at facilities.

3.11. Slinging of air ducts and ventilation equipment is recommended to be carried out with inventory lifting equipment.

Slings should be selected depending on the type, weight of the lifted load and the method of slinging. The most common slings are shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.1. Slings

a- lightweight sling with loops; b- lightweight sling with hooks; in- four-branch sling

3.12. The load to be lifted should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20-25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8-12 mm. For horizontal elements of ventilation systems (enlarged air duct assemblies), two braces should be used, for vertical elements (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in Table 1.

Slinging methods

Table 1


	Name
	Slinging VPA-40
	Slinging of autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46
	Slinging of fans Ts4-70 N 6-8 version N 1
	Slinging fans Ts4-70 N 10, 12.5
	Slinging of the lower part of the fan casing Ts4-76 N 16, 20
	Slinging packing of the irrigation chamber OKF
	Slinging of the wheel packaging and guide vane in the casing
	Slinging packaging air filter FR-3
	Valve Packing Slinging
	Slinging the packaging of KO and VK chambers
	Air duct slinging
	Slinging of an enlarged unit lifted in a vertical position

3.13. The method of installation of air ducts should be chosen depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (inside or outside the building, near the wall, near columns, in the inter-farm space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-storey , industrial, public, etc.).

3.14. As shaped parts of a complex geometric shape, as well as for the connection of ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of fiberglass SPL, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used. The use of flexible air ducts as straight links is not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, flexible hose parts must have a minimum compression ratio in the assembled position.

3.15. Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

marking of places for installation of means of fastening air ducts;

installation of fasteners;

coordination with builders of locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

installation of lifting equipment;

delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

checking the completeness and quality of the delivered parts of the air ducts;

assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

installation of the block in the design position and fixing it;

installation of plugs at the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

3.16. The length of the unit is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

3.17. Schemes of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts are given in Fig. 2-5.

Fig.2. Scheme of the organization of the working area when installing air ducts along the outer wall of the building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift; 4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Fig.3. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal air ducts in the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct assembly; 4 - pendants

Fig.4. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal air ducts on a flyover

1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - traverse; 3 - truck crane; 4 - auto-hydraulic lift

Fig.5. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of vertical air ducts along the outer wall of the building

1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - semi-automatic sling; 3 - winch; 4 - block; 5 - console; 6 - brackets; 7 - stretching

3.18. During the installation of air ducts, step-by-step control should be carried out in accordance with the Map operational control.

3.19. After completion of the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, pre-start individual and complex tests are carried out, which should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.01-85 and SNiP 3.05.05-84.

The participation of representatives of the ventilation, electrical installation organizations and the customer in individual tests is mandatory and is made out by appropriate entries in the "Journal of applications for scrolling the electric drive together with the mechanism".

Individual tests of ventilation equipment in idle mode are carried out by the installation organization under the guidance of an engineering and technical worker allocated for this purpose.

For individual testing of ventilation equipment, the customer appoints a responsible person authorized to give orders for the supply and removal of voltage from electrical installations. The start of electric motors when testing ventilation and air conditioning systems is carried out by a representative of the electrical installation organization.

Comprehensive testing of equipment is carried out by the customer with the participation of representatives of design and construction contractors. Mounting specialized organizations, together with operating personnel, provide round-the-clock duty to monitor the work and proper operation equipment.

Individual tests of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed only after complete assembly and installation of ventilation equipment, installation of guards for moving parts, checking the condition of the electrical wiring, grounding and correct connection of the power supply.

Before starting a comprehensive test and adjustment of the ventilation and air conditioning system, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people in the air conditioners and supply chambers, and also to remove all foreign objects and tools from air ducts, filters, cyclones.

If during the production of pre-start tests of ventilation and air conditioning systems, extraneous noise or equipment vibration exceeding the permissible level is detected, the tests should be stopped immediately.

After disconnecting the ventilation equipment from the power supply, it is impossible to climb and go inside the air ducts, bunkers and shelters until the equipment stops completely.

After completion of pre-start tests and adjustments, as well as during breaks (completion of work, lunch) ventilation equipment must be disconnected from the power supply.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

4.1. At all stages of work, it is necessary to carry out production control quality of construction and installation works, which includes incoming control of working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual construction processes or production operations and acceptance control of intermediate and final work cycles. The composition of controlled indicators, the scope and methods of control must comply with the requirements of SNiP.

4.2. Quality control of construction and installation works should be carried out by specialists or special services equipped with technical means that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control. During the input control of working documentation, its completeness and sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the performance of work should be checked. During the incoming inspection of building structures, products, materials and equipment, it is necessary to check external inspection their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the availability and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents. The results of the input control are recorded in the Logbook of the results of the input control in the form: GOST 24297-87 *, Appendix 1, to print the original form, see the Logbook of the results of the input control.
________________
* GOST 24297-87 was canceled on the territory of the Russian Federation from 01/01/2014 with the entry into force of GOST 24297-2013 (Order of Rosstandart dated 08/26/2013 N 544-st). - Database manufacturer's note.

4.3. Operational control is carried out in the course of construction processes or production operations in order to ensure the timely detection of defects and the adoption of measures to eliminate and prevent them:

4.3.1. The quality of work performance is ensured by the fulfillment of the requirements of the technical conditions for the production of work, compliance with the necessary technical sequence in the performance of interrelated work, and technical control over the progress of work.

4.3.2. During operational control, it is necessary to check compliance with the technology for performing construction and installation processes specified in the work production projects; compliance of the work performed with the working drawings, building codes and rules. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the implementation of special measures during construction on subsiding soils, in areas with landslides and karst phenomena, permafrost, as well as in the construction of complex and unique objects.

4.4. Control and assessment of the quality of work during the installation of the ventilation system is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents:

SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production;
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ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATION
KOROBOV

143-06 TC

First Deputy
Director General

Chief Engineer

A.V. Kolobov

Head of laboratory

B.I. Bychkovsky

The technological map for the installation of ventilation ducts is an integral part of the PPR and is intended for production personnel and engineering and technical workers of construction organizations, foremen, foremen and foremen, as well as technical supervision service employees associated with these works.

The technological map contains: general data, technology and organization of work, requirements for quality and acceptance of work, calculation of labor costs, work schedule, need for mechanization and tools, solutions for safety and labor protection, environmental and fire safety.

Employees of OJSC PKTIpromstroy participated in the development of the technological map:

Savina O.A. - development of a technological map, computer processing and graphics;

Chernykh V.V. - general technological support;

Bychkovsky B.I. - development of technological map, technical guidance, proofreading and normative control;

Kolobov A.V. - general technical management of the development of technological maps;

Ph.D. Edlichka S.Yu. - General management of the development of technological documentation.

1 GENERAL DATA

1.1 This flow sheet has been developed for the installation of ventilation ducts in industrial, administrative, public and residential buildings.

1.2 The technological map is an integral part of the PPR and is intended for engineering and technical personnel (foremen, foremen) and workers of construction organizations involved in the installation of ventilation ducts, employees of the customer's technical supervision, performing supervisory functions over the technology and quality of work, as well as engineering and technical workers construction organizations.

1.3 Linking the technological map to specific objects and conditions of construction consists in clarifying the scope of work, mechanization, the need for labor and material and technical resources, as well as adjusting the cost estimate and the work schedule.

1.4 The form of using the technological map provides for its circulation in the field information technologies with the inclusion in the database on the technology and organization of construction production of an automated workplace for a construction production technologist (ARM TSP), a contractor and a customer.

2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1 For the installation of ventilation systems in industrial, administrative, public and residential buildings, ventilation ducts are used, which can be made of various materials, depending on the medium transported through the air ducts. Table 1 shows examples of materials from which air ducts can be made.

Table 1 - Materials for air ducts

Characteristics of the transported medium	Products and materials

Air with a temperature of not more than 80 ° C at a relative humidity of not more than 60%	Concrete, reinforced concrete and plaster ventilation blocks, asbestos-cement pipes and boxes, plasterboard, gypsum concrete and wood concrete boxes; sheet steel galvanized; roofing steel, sheet steel; cold rolled steel; fiberglass, paper and cardboard; other materials that meet the requirements of the specified environment
The same, with a relative humidity of more than 60%	Concrete and reinforced concrete ventilation blocks, asbestos-cement pipes and ducts; sheet steel galvanized; sheet steel; sheet aluminum, plastic pipes and plates, fiberglass; paper and cardboard with appropriate impregnation; other materials that meet the requirements of the specified environment
Air mixture with reactive gases, vapors and dust	Ceramic and asbestos-cement pipes and boxes; plastic pipes and boxes; blocks of acid-resistant concrete and plastic concrete; metal-plastic; sheet steel; fiberglass; paper and cardboard with appropriate transport medium protective coatings and impregnation; other materials that meet the requirements of the specified environment
Notes: 1 Air ducts made of asbestos-cement structures are not allowed to be used in supply ventilation systems. 2 Air ducts made of cold-rolled and hot-rolled sheet steel must have a coating that is resistant to the transported medium.

2.2 The external dimensions of the cross-section of rectangular metal ducts should be taken from Table 2.

table 2 - External dimensions of metal air ducts

Rectangular air ducts, mm






















Note- The dimensions of air ducts made of other materials should be specified according to the manufacturer's data.

2.3 The thickness of sheet steel for air ducts through which air moves with a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C should be taken, no more than:

For rectangular air ducts, size, mm:

from 100x150 to 250x250 - 0.5 mm;

from 300x150 to 600x1000 - 0.7 mm,

from 1000x1250 to 1600x2000 - 0.9 mm,

For rectangular air ducts with one of the sides more than 2000 mm, and air ducts with a cross section of 2000 × 2000 mm, the steel thickness must be specified in the project.

2.4 The air duct network is assembled from standardized parts - straight sections, bends, transitions, plugs and branch assemblies from standardized parts in accordance with VSN 353-86.

For rectangular air ducts, straight sections with a length of 2500 mm are used, however, for structural and technological reasons, it is allowed to change the length of the straight section

For the manufacture of air ducts, hot-rolled thin-sheet steel according to GOST 19903-74 * and GOST 16523-97, cold-rolled sheet and coil steel according to GOST 19904-90 and GOST 16523-97, roofing sheet steel according to GOST 19904-90 should be used.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a larger side up to 2000 mm should be made straight-seam on folds or straight-seam on welding, and air ducts with a side size of more than 2000 mm - panel (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts from metal-plastic should be made on folds, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as from sheet aluminum and its alloys - on folds or by welding.

2.5 Depending on the distance of transportation, air ducts are recommended to be transported:

Up to 300 km - by road;

More than 300 km - by rail or water.

When transporting air ducts by road, you should use:

Onboard vehicles general purpose(GAZ-52-04, GAZ-53A; ZIL-130-76; Ural-377N, KamAZ-5320, MAZ-5335);

Truck tractors (GAZ-52-04; ZIL-130V1-76; KAMAZ-5410);

Trailers (GKB-817, GKB-8350);

Semi-trailers (TsKTB-A402; OdAZ-885; OdAZ-9370).

transport air ducts railway follows in gondola cars, wagons closed type should be used in exceptional cases.

2.6 When transporting air ducts, depending on their type and dimensions, it is necessary to provide for.

For air ducts of small sections - containerization or packaging;

For air ducts of large sections - telescopic installation;

For semi-finished products - special packaging.

The dimensions and weight of containers and packages must correspond to the dimensions and carrying capacity Vehicle. Table 3 shows the characteristics of containers for transporting air ducts.

Table 3 - Characteristics of containers for transportation of air ducts and ventilation products

container type	Own weight of the container, kg	Dimensions, mm	Average number of ducts	Organization-calcium holder
container type	Own weight of the container, kg		Average number of ducts	Organization-calcium holder
Open folding container type KO-1.75I for ventilation products				Trust Soyuzorgsantekhmontazh
Container for air ducts STD 523 M				Design Bureau of Trust Santehdetal
Container for transportation of air ducts NOZ-5				Trust Promventilation

Air ducts must be installed vertically on the vehicle, if they do not go beyond the dimensions established for vehicles, and the dimensions established by the Ministry of Transport of Russia.

2.7 As mechanized lifting equipment at the facilities, winches, forklifts, truck cranes, pneumatic wheel and caterpillar jib cranes, tower and gantry cranes should be used.

Lifting equipment is selected depending on the weight and dimensions of ventilation equipment and products, their lifting height and local conditions.

The scope of lifting equipment is shown in table 4.

Table 4 - Scope of lifting mechanisms, assembly towers and scaffolds

Type of lifting mechanism	Operations in progress	Characteristics of mechanisms

Mounting traction mechanisms	Vertical (to a height of up to 3 m) and horizontal movement of air ducts and ventilation equipment within the working area	With a pulling force up to 16 kN when installing air ducts and light ventilation equipment. With pulling force up to 32 kN when installing ventilation equipment.
Manual assembly winches	Vertical (to a height of up to 8 m) and horizontal movement of air ducts and ventilation equipment within the working area	With a pulling force of 5 and 12.5 kN for the installation of air ducts and light ventilation equipment. With pulling force up to 50 kN - when installing ventilation equipment
Electric winches	Vertical (to a height of more than 8 m) and horizontal movement of air ducts and ventilation equipment within the working area	With a pulling force of up to 10 kN when installing air ducts and light ventilation equipment, with a pulling force of 32 kN when installing ventilation equipment
Fork lift trucks	Loading and unloading and transport work at the construction site. Lifting and transport works on the installation of ventilation equipment	4091, 4092, 4055M, 4013, 4014
Truck cranes	Loading and unloading operations for construction site and warehouses. Lifting and transport work during the installation of air ducts and ventilation equipment at facilities	Cranes MKA-6.3 with a lifting capacity of 6.3 tons; MKA-10M with a carrying capacity of 10 tons; KS-3571 with a carrying capacity of 10 tons; MKA-16 with a carrying capacity of 16 tons, etc.
Boom assembly crane on pneumatic wheels		Crane MKP-16 with a lifting capacity of 16 tons, etc.
Crawler jib cranes	Loading and unloading work at the construction site. Lifting and transport work during the installation of air ducts and ventilation equipment at facilities	Cranes MKG-6.3 with a lifting capacity of 6.3 tons; MKG-10 with a carrying capacity of 10 tons; MKG-16 with a carrying capacity of 16 tons, etc.
Tower cranes	Loading and unloading and transport work at the construction site. Lifting and transport works during the installation of air ducts and ventilation equipment	Tower cranes used by a general contractor at a construction site
Gantry cranes	Loading and unloading and transport work at the construction site. Lifting and transport works at the pre-assembly site and during the installation of air ducts and ventilation equipment	Gantry cranes used by a general contractor at a construction site
Hydraulic car lifts	Lifting and lowering of mechanics-ventilators for the installation of air ducts and some types of ventilation equipment at elevations above or below the level of the site on which the hydraulic lift is installed	AGP-12A, AGP-18, AGP-22 and AGP-28
Self-propelled retractable scaffolds	Lifting of ventilation fitters for installation of air ducts and some types of ventilation equipment at a height of more than 3 m. Lifting and transport work during the installation of air ducts and ventilation equipment
Telescopic hydraulic lift	Lifting of mechanics-ventilators for installation of air ducts and some types of ventilation equipment

2.8 Slinging of ventilation ducts should be carried out with inventory lifting equipment. Slings are selected depending on the type, weight of the load being lifted and the method of slinging according to table 5, the main slings are shown in figure 1.

One of the options for slinging rectangular air ducts is shown in Figure 2.

Air duct units with a length of 12 m or more when lifted in a horizontal position, as a rule, are raftered with parallel slings or traverses. Slinging of air ducts should be carried out in such a way that they can be delivered to the installation site in a position closest to the design one.

Table 5 - Types of slings

a - lightweight sling with loops; b - lightweight sling with hooks; c - four-branch sling

Picture 1 - Slings

Figure 2 - Duct slinging option

When lifting air ducts, it is necessary to ensure their stability in a suspended position. Load suspension points must be located above the center of gravity.

The load to be lifted should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20 - 25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm. For horizontal enlarged air duct assemblies, two braces should be used, for vertical air ducts - one.

2.9 Typical schemes installation and fastening of winches and bypass blocks are shown in figures 3 - 5.

a) for the column of the building; b) behind a brick wall

Figure 3 - Winch mount

Winches used to move cargo must be loaded with ballast, the mass of which must be at least twice the traction force of the winch. The ballast must be fixed to the winch frame. The structures for which the winches and side blocks are attached must be designed for additional loads.

a - location diagram of the bypass unit in front of the winch; b - fastening of the outlet block to the anchor;
in - fastening of the block to the console; 1 - block; 2 - sling from a steel rope; 3 - console;
4 - inventory metal lining

Figure 4 - Installation of a tap-off unit

Figure 5 - Installation of a drum winch

2.10 For the entire period of installation, areas for storing air ducts should be equipped.

The device of the on-site storage of air ducts must meet the following basic requirements:

Located close to driveways highways or railway tracks;

The boundaries of the warehouse must be at least 1 m from the road;

be on minimum distance from the object of installation, if possible, in the area of the tower crane;

Do not interfere with the production of construction and installation works;

Areas for storing air ducts should be carefully planned with a slope of 1 - 2 ° to drain surface water, covered with draining sand or gravel, and, if necessary, have cuvettes;

Passages, driveways and loading and unloading areas must be cleared of debris, construction waste (in winter - from snow and ice) and sprinkled with sand, slag or ash;

Storage of ventilation products must be organized in compliance with the requirements of work safety and fire protection;

At the corners of an open warehouse, barrier poles should be installed, warning signs for drivers of vehicles and signs with the name of the installation department or site and the location of the receiver of goods should be posted;

The warehouse must be lit.

2.11 Warehousing and storage of air ducts must be organized in accordance with current regulations and subject to the following requirements:

Rectangular air ducts must be stacked; straight sections with a height of no more than 2.7, shaped parts - no more than 2 m;

Round air ducts should be installed vertically;

Air ducts delivered in inventory containers should be stored in these containers at specially organized container sites. It is prohibited to store air ducts and other products in railway containers;

Each air duct during storage should be laid on wooden inventory linings;

Air ducts in stacks should be placed taking into account the installation sequence: stacks and containers should be provided with signs;

Passages at least 1 m wide must be left between the stacks; every three stacks, driveways for vehicles 3 m wide should be arranged.

The movement of air ducts along the ceilings of multi-storey buildings is carried out using lifting and transport equipment or by manual transport.

2.13 Prior to the installation of ventilation systems, the general contractor must perform the following work:

Installation of interfloor ceilings, walls and partitions;

Construction of foundations, bases or platforms for the installation of fans, air conditioners and other ventilation equipment;

Building structures of ventilation chambers of supply systems;

Waterproofing work at the installation sites of air conditioners, supply ventilation chambers, wet filters;

Installation of floors (or appropriate preparation) at the places of installation of fans on spring vibration isolators, as well as "floating" bases for the installation of ventilation equipment;

Arrangement of supports for the installation of roof fans, exhaust shafts and deflectors on the roofs of buildings;

Prepared openings in walls, partitions, ceilings and coatings necessary for laying air ducts;

Auxiliary marks were applied on the inner and outer walls of all rooms, equal to the design marks of the finished floor plus 500 mm;

Plastered (or lined) surfaces of walls and niches in places where air ducts are laid;

Mounting openings in walls and ceilings were prepared for the supply of large-sized equipment and air ducts, and crane beams were installed in the ventilation chambers;

Installed in accordance with the working documentation, embedded parts in building structures for fixing equipment and air ducts;

It is possible to turn on power tools, as well as electric welding machines at a distance of no more than 50 m from one another;

Glazed window openings in external fences, insulated entrances and openings;

Measures have been taken to ensure the safe production of installation work.

Acceptance of the object for installation should be carried out by employees of the pre-production site together with engineering and technical employees of the installation organization with the preparation of an act.

2.14 The method of installation of air ducts is selected depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (inside or outside the building, near the wall, near columns, in the inter-farm space, in the shaft, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (one- or multi-storey , industrial, public, etc.).

2.15 Installation of metal air ducts is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts;

Installation of means of fastening;

Coordination with builders of locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

Checking the completeness and quality of delivered air duct parts;

Assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

Installing the block in the design position and fixing it;

Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

2.16 To connect rectangular ventilation ducts, flange and rack connections are usually used. Rectangular flanges are manufactured in sizes 100x150 - 1600x2000 mm.

The design of a flangeless rack connection of rectangular air ducts is shown in Figure 6.

The assembly of air duct sections into enlarged blocks using a rack connection is carried out with pre-installed rubber gaskets in the tire groove, as seen in Figure 6a. The alignment of the tires with each other and ensuring the alignment of the connected air ducts is performed using a mandrel inserted into the hole of the mounting brackets. Then the tires on one of the sides are pulled together with fixing tongs and a rail is pushed onto them to a length of 10 - 15 mm, after which the rail is hammered to its full length with light blows of a hammer through a wooden gasket. Connecting rails are installed first on the vertical sides of the air ducts, and then on the horizontal ones. This ensures a tight pressing of the rubber gaskets between themselves and the tightness of the connection.

When installing the rails on the flanged ends of the air ducts, a profiled rubber gasket is installed between the ends, as shown in Figure 6b, after which the air ducts are connected with rails, clogged with light hammer blows.

When connecting rectangular air ducts using Z- and C-shaped rails (without the use of rubber gaskets), for the purpose of sealing, the joint must be smeared from the outside with thick paint or Buteprol mastic heated to 50 ° C, as shown in Figure 6c.

a - with the use of tires; b - with the use of rails along the flanged ends of the air ducts;
c - with the help of Z- and C-shaped rails; 1 - air duct; 2 - connecting rail;
3 - T-shaped rubber sealing gasket; 4 - thick paint

Figure 6 - Flanged rail connections of rectangular air ducts

2.17 The maximum length of enlarged blocks of rectangular air ducts, mounted horizontally and connected on busbars and rails, depends on the layout of the grips and is 6 - 12 m. In the case of using special traverses, the length of the blocks can be increased to 15 m, depending on the design of the traverse. Vertical air ducts are mounted in enlarged blocks within 1 - 2 floors of the building.

2.18 The length of the block is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged horizontal blocks; air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

Schemes of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts in industrial buildings and structures are given in Figures 7 - 13.

1 - containers for air ducts; 2 - mounting tables; 3 - lifting roller table

Figure 7 - Scheme of organization of work during the installation of air ducts with a lifting

roller table in coating blocks on a conveyor

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift; 4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Figure 8 - Scheme of the organization of the working area when installing air ducts on the outer wall of the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct assembly; 4 - pendants

Figure 9 - Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal air ducts in the building

1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - traverse; 3 - truck crane; 4 - auto-hydraulic lift

Figure 10 - Scheme of the organization of the working area when installing horizontal air ducts on a flyover

1 - enlarged air duct assembly; 2 - semi-automatic sling; 3 - winch 4 - block; 5 - console; 6 - brackets; 7 - stretching

Figure 11 - Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of vertical air ducts along the outer wall of the building

Figure 12- Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of vertical air ducts in the building using the "building from below" method

1 - air duct; 2 - mast; 3 - mounting and traction mechanism; 4 - stretching; 5 - thrust;
6 - hinge; 7 - stand; 8 - clamp; 9 - inventory sling; 10 - pads

Figure 13 - Scheme of the organization of the installation area during the installation of vertical air ducts

2.19 Air ducts must be installed regardless of the presence technological equipment in accordance with design bindings and marks. Connection of air ducts to process equipment should be carried out after its installation.

When installing air ducts, it is necessary to maintain the standard installation distances in places of difficult intersections of air ducts and other communications and layout of air ducts in the shaft, as shown in Figures 14 - 16.

With dimensions b and b 1 from 100 to 500? = 100 mm

» » from 600 to 1600 ? = 300 mm

Figure 14 - Minimum installation distances from building structures to air ducts

Figure 15 - Minimum installation distances from utilities to air ducts

D and D?, b 1 and b? 1 - diameters and side, respectively, of round and rectangular air ducts

Figure 16 - Minimum installation distances between ducts

Air ducts in mines, niches, etc. must be placed in such a way that it is convenient to mount and maintain them.

2.20 Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a wafer connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 4 m from one another with the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular air duct less than 400 mm and at a distance of no more than 3 m from one another - with dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal uninsulated air ducts on a rectangular flange connection with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive are installed at a distance of no more than 6 m from one another. sides over 2000 mm are assigned by the working documentation.

Clamps should tightly cover metal air ducts.

Fastenings of vertical metal air ducts are installed at a distance of no more than 4 m from one another.

Drawings of non-standard fasteners should be included in the set of working documentation.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4 m is carried out in interfloor ceilings.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4 m on the roof of the building is assigned by the project (working draft).

Fastening of stretch marks and hangers directly to the duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of the adjustable hangers must be uniform.

Freely suspended air ducts should be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a hanger length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

With hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers are installed through each single hanger.

2.21 When installing vertical ventilation ducts in a residential multi-storey complex, it is necessary to:

Perform work on concreting monolithic sections around the shaft openings on the 1st floor and every three floors, leaving openings for the ventilation box. On the remaining floors, instead of monolithic sections, install removable flooring made of wooden shields. Laying the boards on wooden girders from boards 50 × 150 mm in the direction “away from you”, fixing the boards from displacement with stitched strips;

Clear concrete from iron concrete walls mines;

On each floor, protect the openings with a protective fence 1.1 m high. Fix the posts behind the concrete walls with the help of corner pieces welded from above and below to the posts parallel to the enclosing concrete walls;

Organize a place for receiving vertical ventilation risers in the basement;

On the last floor, install and secure a manual winch and a mounting block with a load capacity of 1500 kg;

Perform lighting of workplaces and approaches in accordance with GOST 12.1.046-85 on each floor.

The installation diagram of a vertical ventilation duct in a residential multi-storey building is shown in Figure 17.

Installation options for a winch for lifting ventilation ducts are shown in Figures 18 and 19.

2.22 The installation of vertical ventilation ducts in a residential multi-storey complex is carried out in the following order:

The air duct is assembled in the basement or on the ground floor with a length of 12 m from six sections with a length of 2 m each, as shown in Figure 20;

Each 12-meter whip is lifted by the upper section with a winch and a mounting block;

The slinging of the load, shown in Figure 20 (node 2), is done with a hook by a loop welded to a pipe installed inside the section. The hook is fixed through the ovoid link to the winch cable;

Figure 17 - Scheme of installation of vertical ventilation ducts in a multi-storey building
residential complex with a winch installed on the ceiling and a diverter block

a) the winch is installed on the ceiling; b) winch frame

Figure 18 - The first option for installing a manual winch

After lifting the first whip, it is fixed according to the project on the duct clamp, as shown in Figure 20 (node 1). The clamp is fixed in a monolithic ceiling and flanges are welded to it. A similar fastening is carried out throughout the shaft through the floor;

After fixing the whip according to the project, the rope with a hook is released and lowered through the fixed air duct down to sling the air duct assembled in the basement or on the first floor.

a) the winch is installed above the shaft opening; b) winch frame

Figure 19 - The second option for installing a manual winch

The air duct is connected by bolts and by welding.

During the assembly process of each 6 sections, the intermediate section is temporarily supported on the corners laid on the floor.

As the lash rises, the shaft openings on each floor are closed using wooden decking or corrugated board.

The upper section of the duct must be joined to the ventilation ducts installed through the opening in the coating (by extension from above).

Figure 20 - Scheme of assembling the whip of the ventilation box from 6 sections

3 QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Quality control of work on the installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out by specialists or special services that are part of construction organization or attracted from outside, equipped with technical means that provide the necessary reliability and completeness of control.

3.2 Quality control of work is carried out at all stages of the technological chain, starting from the development of the project and ending with its implementation at the facility on the basis of WEP and technological maps. Quality control should include incoming control of working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual installation processes or production operations and assessment of the conformity of the work performed.

3.3 During the input control of working documentation, its completeness and sufficiency of the information contained in it are checked. technical information for the production of works.

During the incoming inspection of products, materials and equipment, an external inspection checks their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the presence and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.

3.4 Air ducts and parts of ventilation systems must be manufactured in accordance with the working documentation, installation drawings and technical specifications approved in accordance with the established procedure TU 36-736-78 "Metal air ducts" and TU 36-2581-83 "Metal-plastic ventilation air ducts".

Permissible deviations of the external dimensions of the cross sections of the air ducts should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 6.

Table 6 - Permissible deviations of the external dimensions of the cross sections of the air ducts

The non-flatness of the walls of rectangular air ducts should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in Table 7.

Table 7 - Non-flatness of the walls of rectangular ducts

3.5 The ends of straight sections of air ducts must be perpendicular to their axes or adjacent surfaces. The deviation from perpendicularity of the end should not exceed 10 mm per 1000 mm of the length of the side of the cross section of the duct.

3.6 Angle dimensions air ducts (branches, branch nodes, transitions, etc.) must comply with the requirements of installation projects. Wherein tolerance should not exceed ± 1° 30?.

3.7 Connecting parts intended for installation of air ducts on flanges and flangeless connections (shroud, rack, etc.) must comply with the requirements of the technical documentation for the type of connection approved in the prescribed manner.

3.8 The control of the correctness of the main dimensions of the air ducts must be carried out according to the approved technology of the manufacturer with the following tool:

Metal ruler (GOST 427-75 *);

Measuring tape (GOST 7502-98);

Calibration square 90° (GOST 3749-77*);

Caliper (GOST 166-89 *);

Goniometer (GOST 5378-88);

Factory made templates.

3.9 The quality of coatings, seams, flanging, fastening of connecting products, fasteners, stiffeners and tires, appearance products, as well as completeness, marking and packaging are checked visually.

3.10 The delivery set of air ducts should include the items specified in the installation project (sheets, sketches), with the exception of dedusting and control devices - cyclones, dampers and valves (of all types), silencers manufactured according to the relevant standard drawings and specifications and fastening means.

The set of air ducts connected on flangeless connections must include bandages, rails and other parts provided for technical documentation for these types of connections, approved in the prescribed manner.

Each set of air ducts must be accompanied by an installation project (sheets, sketches, diagrams) in one copy and an invoice from the manufacturer marked by the technical control department.

3.11 Air duct products must have markings applied to the inner or outer surface at a distance of 100 - 300 mm from the end of the product with oil paint that differs in color from the main paint.

The results of the input control should be entered in the "Journal of input accounting and quality control of the received parts, materials, structures and equipment."

3.12 Operational control is carried out directly in the process of performing operations for the installation of ventilation ducts, as well as immediately after completion of work. During operational control, it is necessary to check compliance with the installation technology of ventilation ducts, compliance of the work performed with working drawings, building codes, rules and standards. The results of operational control should be recorded in the work log.

Operational control should be carried out constantly during the production of installation work.

The map of operational control of the installation of metal air ducts is shown in Table 8.

Table 8 - Card of operational control of installation of metal air ducts

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control

Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site	Checking the completeness of the ventilation system (presence of control devices, fasteners, etc.)		Constant 100%. Visually. Compliance with the picking list, sketches
Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts	Fastening installation step in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85	Roulette l = 10 m	Permanent 100%

		Plumb M = 200 g
Drilling holes in building structures	drilling depth	steel meter	Permanent 100%
Installation of fasteners	Mounting strength		Constant 100%. Visually
Assembly into enlarged units of parts of air ducts, control and air distribution devices on site	Correct assembly in accordance with the project. Tightness of connections		Visually. Permanent 100%
Rise to the design level and interconnection of enlarged air duct assemblies with preliminary fixing	The position of the transverse seams and detachable connections air ducts in relation to building structures. Verticality of risers. Absence of kinks, curvature in straight sections of air ducts	Plumb M = 200 g	Visually. Permanent 100%
Alignment of mounted air ducts and their final fixing	Horizontal installation of air ducts and observance of slopes in the distributing sections of air ducts. Density of coverage of the duct by clamps. Reliability and appearance of fasteners	metal meter, roulette l= 10 m, level l= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Connecting air ducts to ventilation equipment	Correct installation of soft inserts (no sagging)		Constant 100%. Visually
Testing the operation of control devices	Smooth operation of control devices		Output 100%. Visually

3.13 When evaluating the conformity of the work performed, the compliance of the performed installation work with the requirements of the design and regulatory and technical documentation and the assessment of the quality of work should be checked.

3.14 When carrying out quality control of work at individual stages of the installation of ventilation ducts, the following should be checked:

The position of transverse seams and detachable connections of air ducts relative to building structures;

Verticality of risers;

Absence of kinks, curvature and helicity in straight sections of air ducts;

Slopes in the distribution sections of air ducts, through which air with high relative humidity is transported;

Thoroughness and correctness of the supply of gaskets in flanged connections;

Reliability and appearance of air duct fastenings, air distribution devices, umbrellas, local exhausts (special attention should be paid to air duct fastenings to be isolated or already isolated);

Correct installation of soft inserts;

Smooth operation of control devices and ease of control;

Thoroughness of painting of air ducts and other elements of ventilation systems and compliance of the type of painting with the project.

3.15 Deviation of air ducts from the vertical should not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of air duct length.

3.16 Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be mounted in such a way that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.

Sections of air ducts in which dew may fall out of the transported moist air should be laid with a slope of 0.01 - 0.015 towards drainage devices.

3.17 Gaskets between duct flanges must not protrude into the ducts.

3.18 Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, all bolt nuts must be located on one side of the flange. When mounting the bolts vertically, the nuts must be located on the underside of the joint.

3.19 Installation of ventilation ducts in industrial, administrative and residential buildings should be carried out in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with:

SNiP 3.05.01-85 Internal sanitary systems;

SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction;

SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning;

PPB 01-03 Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY

4.1 Installation of ventilation ducts must be carried out in accordance with the requirements for safety, sanitation and occupational health established by the state standards of the system of labor safety standards (SSBT), building codes and rules for labor safety in construction approved by the Gosstroy of Russia, rules and regulations approved by state supervision organizations .

4.2 Before being allowed to work on the installation of ventilation ducts, the heads of organizations are obliged to provide training and briefing on labor safety at the workplace in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.0.004-90.

4.3 Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination without contraindications to work at height, have professional skills, have been trained in safe methods and techniques of work and have received an appropriate certificate are allowed to perform work at height.

To perform independent climbing work in accordance with the List of hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under eighteen years of age, persons (workers and engineering and technical workers) not younger than 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and recognized as fit to perform steeplejack work, having at least one year of experience in climbing work and a tariff category of at least three.

Workers admitted to climbing for the first time must work for one year under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed by order of the organization.

4.4 Electric welding work is allowed for persons who have undergone appropriate training, instructions and knowledge of the rules safe work with registration in a special magazine and having a qualification certificate. Persons with medical contraindications are not allowed to work at heights.

4.5 Persons at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, trained in the rules for using the tool, labor safety and having an electrical safety group of at least II are allowed to work with an electrified tool, and for connecting and disconnecting electrical outlets with a group of at least III. All electrified tools are subject to accounting and registration in a special journal. Each copy of the tool must have an account number. Monitoring the serviceability and timely repair of electrified tools is assigned to the department of the chief mechanic of a construction organization. Before issuing an electrified tool, it is necessary to check its serviceability (the absence of a short circuit to the case, the insulation of the supply wires and handles, the condition of the working part of the tool) and its operation at idle.

4.6 Responsibility for the correct organization of safe work at the facility rests with the work foreman and foreman.

4.7 When performing work on the installation of ventilation ducts, the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03 "Hygienic requirements for the organization of construction production and construction works».

4.8 Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication to the territory of the construction site, to production, sanitary facilities and workplaces is prohibited.

4.9 Works on the installation of air ducts are carried out on the basis of a work permit for the performance of work under the influence of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors.

4.10 Installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out only if there is a project for the production of works, technological maps or wiring diagrams. In the absence of these documents, installation work is prohibited.

4.11 The procedure for the installation of ventilation ducts, determined by the project for the production of works, must be such that the previous operation completely excludes the possibility of an industrial hazard when performing subsequent ones. Installation of air ducts should, as a rule, be carried out in large blocks using lifting mechanisms.

4.12 There should be no people under the mounted air ducts. It is impossible to fix a suspended air duct or a block of air ducts to trusses, ceilings and other building structures in places not provided for by the project for the production of works.

4.13 Installation of air ducts from scaffolding, scaffolding and platforms, made in accordance with the requirements of GOST 24258-88, must be carried out by at least two workers.

4.14 Alignment of flange holes when connecting air ducts should be done only with mandrels. It is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes of the connected flanges with your fingers.

4.15 It is not allowed to perform work on the installation of air ducts on the roof of buildings during ice, fog, which excludes visibility within the front of work, thunderstorms and wind speeds of 15 m/s or more.

4.16 To prevent swinging or twisting of the air duct blocks being lifted, hemp rope guys should be used.

4.17 Work on the installation of ventilation ducts is allowed to be carried out only with serviceable tools. Wrenches must exactly match the dimensions of the nuts and bolts, have no beveled edges and no burrs on the handle. You should not unscrew or tighten the nuts with a wrench of large (compared to the head) sizes with a lining of metal plates between the faces of the nut and the wrench, and also extend the wrenches by attaching another wrench or pipe.

4.18 Workplaces and work areas during the installation of ventilation ducts at night must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting fixtures on workers. Work in unlit places is not allowed.

4.19 Prior to the installation of ventilation ducts, places dangerous for work and the passage of people should be fenced off, provided with inscriptions and signs, safety signs should be installed in accordance with GOST R 12 4.026-2001, and when working at night, marked with light signals.

4.20 In the projects for the production of works, it is necessary to indicate areas hazardous to people in which harmful factors exceed the maximum allowable concentrations or maximum allowable levels.

4.21 Mounting areas should be well lit. Luminaires for general lighting, connected to the mains voltage of 127 and 220 V, must be installed at a height of at least 2.5 m from the ground, floor, flooring. With a suspension height of less than 2.5 m, the luminaires must be connected to a network with a voltage not exceeding 42 V.

4.22 When installing air ducts, work plans should provide for the installation of fasteners, for which the air duct installer can secure himself when working at height.

4.23 Ventilation blanks of metal air ducts must be supplied complete in accordance with TU 36-736-78, not have distortions, burrs and other defects that impede installation work and can lead to injury to ventilation fitters working with them.

4.25 When performing work on painting air ducts and their parts, as well as sealing air ducts using compounds containing harmful substances, the requirements of POT RM-017-2001 " Cross-industry rules on labor protection during painting work, as well as GOST 12.3.016-87.

4.26 The operation of construction machines (lifting mechanisms, small-scale mechanization), including maintenance, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 and the instructions of manufacturers. The operation of hoisting mechanisms, in addition, must be carried out taking into account PB 10-382-00 "Rules for the design and safe operation of hoisting cranes."

4.27 Places for performing electric welding with an open arc must be fenced with fireproof screens, shields, etc.

4.28 When performing electric welding work in the open air, sheds made of non-combustible materials must be built over installations and welding stations. In the absence of canopies, electric welding work during rain or snowfall should be stopped.

4.29 To protect against drops of molten metal and slag falling during electric welding, a dense platform covered with sheets of roofing iron or asbestos cardboard should be installed under the welding site in places where people pass.

4.30 When installing ventilation ducts on roofs with a slope of more than 20 °, and also, regardless of the slope, on roofs that are wet and covered with hoarfrost or snow, workers must use safety belts, as well as ladders with a width of at least 0.3 m with transverse strips for foot rest; ladders during work must be fixed.

4.31 Loading and unloading operations should be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.002-75*, GOST 12.3.009-76*.

4.32 Loading and unloading operations must be carried out mechanized using lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. Lifting loads manually should be in exceptional cases, observing the norms established by the current documents.

4.33 Containers should be used when loading and unloading ventilation air duct blanks and their parts. During the lifting, lowering and moving of the container, workers should not be on it or inside it, as well as on adjacent containers.

4.34 Slinging and unslinging of cargo should be carried out in accordance with PB 10-382-00.

4.35 The supply of materials, ventilation blanks, equipment to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Workpieces and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that there is no danger during the performance of work, passageways are not constrained and it would be possible to assemble air ducts into enlarged blocks. It is necessary to monitor the correct placement of equipment and workpieces on the floors, avoiding concentration and not exceeding allowable loads per 1 m 2 of overlap.

4.36 Ventilation blanks should be stored in stacks with a height of no more than 2.5 m on gaskets and linings. Large and heavy equipment should be stored in one row on linings.

4.37 The storage area for blanks and ventilation equipment at the construction site must be fenced and located in the area of the operating crane. The storage area must be planned, have slopes for water runoff, and be cleared of snow and ice in winter.

4.38 Explosive or harmful paintwork and other materials may be stored at workplaces in quantities not exceeding shift needs. Such materials must be stored in tightly closed containers.

4.39 Combustible and flammable liquids (kerosene, gasoline, as well as lubricants and dyes) should be stored in rooms made of fireproof materials or buried in the ground.

4.40 Between the stacks (racks) on the sites and in the warehouses, passages with a width of at least 1 m and passages, the width of which depends on the dimensions of vehicles and handling facilities serving the warehouse or site, should be provided.

4.41 Leaders assembly organizations are obliged to provide workers, engineering and technical workers and employees with overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment in accordance with regulatory requirements.

4.42 All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets. Workers and engineering and technical workers without protective helmets and other necessary personal protective equipment are not allowed to perform work on the installation of air ducts.

4.43 When working at heights, installers of ventilation systems must use safety belts.

4.44. Workers and employees who receive personal protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, safety belts, helmets, etc.) must be trained in the rules for using them.

4.45 All work on the installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out in the presence and under the supervision of responsible engineers in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85, with strict observance of labor safety requirements in accordance with:

SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of construction";

SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General Provisions”;

SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production”;

PPB 01-03 "Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation";

SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03 "Hygienic requirements for the organization of construction production and construction work";

SP 12-135-2003 “Labor safety in construction. Industry sample instructions on labor protection".

5 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

5.1 To perform the installation of ventilation ducts, the mechanisms, tools and devices indicated in tables 9 and 10 can be used.

Table 9- Statement hand tool, mounting devices, small-scale mechanization and personal protective equipment

Name	Type, brand, GOST	Technical specifications	Quantity per team of 6 people, pcs.

Steel metalwork hammer		Weight, kg 0.5 - 1
Roofing hammer		Weight, kg 1.5
Roofing hammer	GOST 11042-90	Weight, kg 1.5
Blacksmith's blunt-nosed sledgehammer		Weight, kg 2 - 4
Bench chisel	GOST 11401-75*	Length, mm 160 - 250
Wrenches with an open end, double-sided	GOST 7211-86*	Throat size, mm:







Ratchet wrench	GOST 2839-80*	Interchangeable heads opening size,

		10, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19
Adjustable wrench		Opening size, mm 30
Gas welder key universal	GOST 7275-75*
Screwdriver for metalwork and installation (set)	GOST 17199-88	Length, mm 160 - 250
Combination pliers	GOST 5547-93	Length, mm 160 - 200
Files flat square, trihedral, round, semicircular with a notch No. 1, 2, 3 (set)	GOST 1465-80*	Length, mm 150 - 400
	GOST 7213-72*	Length, mm 125 - 160
Scissors for metal cutting	GOST 7210-75*	Length, mm 250 - 320
Scriber	GOST 24473-80*	Length, mm 150
Clamp for assembling bandage connection		Maximum opening, mm 150
Hand hacksaw frame	GOST 17270-71*	Length hacksaw blade, mm 250 - 300
Bench vice with manual drive	GOST 4045-75*
Scrap assembly		Length, mm 560 - 1320
Rectangular steel brush	TU 494-01-104-76	Length, mm 310
Basting brush
Folding metal meter		Length, mm 1000
Metal measuring ruler	GOST 427-75*	Length, mm 500
Measuring tape, metal	GOST 7502-98	Tape length, mm 5000 - 20000
Calipers	GOST 166-89*	Measurement limit 125 mm
Locksmith's barbs	GOST 7214-72*	Length, mm 160 - 200
Marking compasses	GOST 24472-80*	Length, mm 250
Mandrel extended		Diameter, mm 16
Pliers for assembling bandage connection		Maximum opening, mm 120
Construction level	GOST 9416-83
Construction steel plumb line	GOST 7948-80	Weight, kg 0.4
Injection cutter for manual oxygen cutting	GOST 5191-79*
	GOST 1077-79*
Balloon reducer for flame treatment	GOST 13861-89
Shield of the welder
Mounting and traction mechanism	MTM-1.6 or	Carrying capacity, t 1.6
Mounting and traction mechanism		Carrying capacity, t 3.2
Mounting block		Carrying capacity, t 1.25
Mounting block		Carrying capacity, t 2.5
Rack jack		Carrying capacity, t 3.2
Rack jack		Carrying capacity, t 5
		Voltage, V 380
Plug connection three-pole		Voltage, V 42
Plug connection two-pole		Voltage, V 250
drilling machine	IE-1035 or	Drill diameter, mm 14
drilling machine		Drill diameter, mm 23
		Grinding wheel diameter, mm 180
		Grinding wheel diameter, mm 230
Flat mallet		Dimension, mm 355?190?80
Construction helmet	GOST 12.4.087-84
Mittens	GOST 12.4.010-75*
Safety belt for installers	GOST R 50849-96*
Set of signs on safety and labor protection	GOST R 12.4.026-2001
Respirator	"Petal" GOST 12.4.028-76*

Table 10- List of hand tools, mounting fixtures and small-scale mechanization of periodic needs

Name	Type, brand, GOST	Technical specifications	Quantity per 100 workers, pcs.

Drilling machine electric two-speed with electronic speed control	IE-1204E or IE-1207E	Drill diameter, mm 14/9
	IE-1204E or IE-1207E	Drill diameter, mm 14/9
Same, with electronic speed control		Drill diameter, mm (max.) 9
Electric grinder		Grinding wheel diameter, mm 125
Grinder electric, angle		Grinding wheel diameter, mm 80
electric wrench		Thread diameter, mm 12 - 30
electric wrench		Impact energy, J 25
electric wrench		Thread diameter, mm 16
electric wrench		Tightening torque, N? m 125
Electric screwdriver		Thread diameter, mm 6
Screwdriver with electronic speed control	IE-3604E or IE-3603E	Thread diameter, mm 6
Screwdriver with electronic speed control	IE-3604E or IE-3603E	Thread diameter, mm 6
Electric perforator		Thread diameter, mm 2
Electric perforator		Thread diameter, mm 2.5
Electric scissors		Thickness of the cut sheet, mm 1
Electric scissors		Thickness of the sheet being cut, mm 0.85
Electric scissors		Thickness of the sheet being cut, mm 2.5
Electric scissors		Thickness of the sheet being cut, mm 1.6
Pendulum saw		Diameter of the abrasive reinforced circle, mm
Pendulum saw
Electric grinding machine		Circle diameter, mm 100
Electric grinding machine		Circle diameter, mm 100
Mounting device for moving goods		Carrying capacity, t 1
Hand winch in the installation case		Carrying capacity, t 0.5
		Carrying capacity, t 1
		Carrying capacity, t 3.2
Mobile compressor		Productivity, m/min 0.5
Paint sprayer manual pneumatic		Paint consumption, l/min 1.6
Manual winch		Carrying capacity, t 0.5
Jack hydraulic		Carrying capacity, t 6.3
Balance		Load capacity, kg, up to 12.5
Balance		Load capacity, kg, up to 20
Wedge lining		Carrying capacity, t 3
Wedge lining		Carrying capacity, t 5
Wedge lining		Carrying capacity, t 10
Safety climbing device		Maximum weight of the falling load, kg 100
Mounting coil
Mounting block		Carrying capacity, t 5
Mounting and traction mechanism		Carrying capacity, t 3.2

5.2 Tables 11 and 12 show the consumption rates of rolled metal and auxiliary materials per 100 m 2 of air ducts and related elements of ventilation systems.

Table 11 - Consumption rates of rolled metal products per 100 m 2 of air ducts

	materials		Rolled metal consumption rates per 100 m 2 of air ducts with ventilation products related to them
	Rolled ferrous metal

	Including:
	Beams and channels
	Heavy steel
	Medium steel
	Small section steel
	Steel plate
	Sheet steel with a thickness of more than 1.9 mm
	Sheet steel up to 1.8 mm thick
	Steel roofing black
	Steel galvanized

Table 12 - Consumption rate of auxiliary materials per 100 m 2 of air duct

	materials		Consumption rates of auxiliary materials per 100 m 2 of air ducts made of roofing and sheet steel (without elements of ventilation systems)
	materials		folded

	Manufacturing
	Welding consumables
	electrodes
	Welding wire
	carbon dioxide gas
	Painting materials
	Soil GF-020
	Solvent
	Solvent


	Mastic "Buteprol"

	Bolts with nuts

	Including






	Welding consumables
	electrodes
	Gasket materials
	Sheet rubber
	Porous rubber
	Profiled rubber
	Asbestos cord

6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

6.1 Installation of ventilation duct systems should be carried out by workers of appropriate qualifications, united, as a rule, in integrated teams and units. In these brigades, for a uniform and full workload of workers, it is recommended to widely practice combining professions.

The composition of the integrated team for the installation of air ducts, taking into account the possibility of combining professions, is given in Table 13.

Table 13 - The composition of the integrated team

	Number of workers of this category	Total number of workers
Ventilation system installer
5 - 6 category (foreman)	Rigger on installation 3rd category
4 digits	Electric welder 3 category
Ventilation system installer:
4 digits
3 digits	Rigger on installation 2 category
2 digits
Note- Responsible welding must be performed by a qualified electric welder.

6.2 As an example of the installation of ventilation ducts, we will take the installation of vertical risers of air ducts measuring 800 × 800 mm with an area of 100 m 2 using a manual winch.

6.3 The labor and machine time costs for the installation of ventilation ducts are calculated according to the "Uniform Norms and Prices for Construction, Installation and Repair and Construction Works" put into effect in 1987 and are presented in Table 14.

Table 14 - Calculation of labor costs and machine time for the installation of ventilation ducts

Unit 100 m 2 ventilation ducts

Justification (ENiR and other norms)	Name of technological processes	Scope of work	Norm of time	labor costs
Justification (ENiR and other norms)	Name of technological processes	Scope of work	workers, man-hours	workers, man-hours	machinist, man-h. (work of machines, mach.-h.)
E9-1-46 No. 1a	Drilling holes with an electric drilling machine in building structures
Tab. 3 No. 1ab	Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts
Tab. 12 No. 4v	Assembly of air ducts into enlarged blocks, installation of fasteners, lifting and installation of blocks, connection of an installed block with a previously mounted one, alignment and final fixing of the system
Applies	Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical ducts

6.4 The duration of work for the installation of ventilation ducts is determined by the work schedule presented in Table 15.

6.5 Technical and economic indicators are:

Labor costs, man-hours:

workers: 64.8

driver: 0.034

Duration of work, hour. eighteen

Table 15 - Work schedule

End product meter - 100 m 2 ventilation ducts

7 LIST OF REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL LITERATURE

1 SNiP 3.05.01-85 Internal sanitary systems.

2 SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction.

3 SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.

4 SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

5 SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning.

6 GOST 12.0.004-90 SSBT. Organization of labor safety training. General provisions.

7 GOST 12.1.046-85 SSBT. Construction. Building site lighting regulations.

8 GOST 12.3.002-75* SSBT. Manufacturing processes. General safety requirements.

9 GOST 12.3.009-76* SSBT. Loading and unloading works. General safety requirements.

10 GOST 12.3.016-87 SSBT. Construction. Anti-corrosion works. Safety requirements.

11 GOST 12.4.010-75* SSBT. Individual protection means. Mittens are special. Specifications.

12 GOST 12.4.011-89 SSBT. Means of protection for workers. General requirements and classification.

13 GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.

14 GOST 12.4.059-89 SSBT. Construction. Inventory safety fences. General specifications.

15 GOST 12.4.087-84 SSBT. Construction. Construction helmets. Specifications.

16 GOST 24258-88 Scaffolding. General specifications.

17 ENiR. Uniform norms and prices for construction, installation and repair and construction work. Collection 1. Intra-construction transport work.

18 ENiR. Uniform norms and prices for construction, installation and repair and construction work. Collection 10. Structures of ventilation systems, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration.

19 PB 10-382-00 Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes. Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, M., 2000.

20 PPB 01-03 Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation. EMERCOM of Russia, M., 2003

21 SP 12-135-2003 Occupational safety in construction. Industry standard instructions for labor protection.

22 VSN 279-85 Instructions for sealing ventilation and sanitary systems. M., 1985

23 VSN 353-86 Design and use of air ducts from unified parts. M., 1986

24 VSN 470-89 Standards for the need for hand tools, mounting fixtures and small-scale mechanization for production various kinds assembly and special construction works. M., 1990

25 Manual for the production and acceptance of work in the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems (to SNiP 3.05.01-85). M., 1989

26 POT R M-007-98 Rules on labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of goods.

27 POT R M-012-2000 Intersectoral rules on labor protection when working at height.

28 POT R M-016-2001 Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations.

29 POT R M-017-2001 Intersectoral rules on labor protection during painting work.

30 POT R M-020-2001 Intersectoral rules on labor protection during electric welding and gas welding.