How is the repair of the basement of an apartment building carried out? Foundation plinth repair

Do-it-yourself repair of the basement of a brick house

When considering a house, it is often perceived as a whole, losing sight of seemingly insignificant details. After all, a couple of cracks or a few crumbling bricks on a basement 0.5 m high do not play any significant role, and, nevertheless, even defects that are not conspicuous on it will subsequently lead to a violation of the integrity of the entire structure. Therefore, the repair of the basement of a brick house (actually the basement of any house) should not be taken as additional cosmetic measures during the repair of the building, but as full-fledged work aimed at protecting housing from destruction.

Basement as a building element

The plinth is perceived simply as the lower part of the wall, which has a purely aesthetic value. However, it is more correct to consider it as a structural element that is part of the outer wall, and in some cases as the last protective line of the foundation and the entire building.

Plinth - the lowest elevated part of a building or part of it (for example, columns, racks). It can be part of a foundation that rises above the ground, part of a foundation wall, or the outer part of a basement. It performs several functions:

structural - is a reinforced part of the building on which its weight rests;
decorative - creates an edge on the wall (can be recessed, protruding or flush), emphasizing the features of the house;
protective - protects the walls of the house from the destructive effects of atmospheric phenomena and mechanical damage.

The plinth should have a sufficient height, at least 30-50 cm, too low / narrow (less than 20 cm) will not fulfill its protective functions, and as a decor detail it will be rather doubtful.

The lower edge of the plinth is installed at a height of at least 10 cm above ground level, which allows you to create a slope from the wall of the house. This facilitates the runoff of rainwater, and reduces the impact of moisture on the foundation and walls.

Reasons for the destruction of the base

The signs indicating the beginning of the destruction of the basement include the formation of cracks, the appearance of a fungus, peeling of plaster, fallen off tiles. All this points to mistakes made at the stage of design, construction or operation of the building and the need to start repairing the basement. There are several reasons for the destruction:

Shrinkage of the house - may be due to the type of soil, technological errors in the manufacture of the foundation, inconsistency in the design of the foundation and the weight of the building.
Impact of groundwater - during the design, the level of groundwater occurrence was not determined or was ignored, the waterproofing was not performed at the proper level and, as a result, the building was subjected to flooding. This will lead to the gradual destruction of the foundation, the basement and the entire building.
Atmospheric phenomena (rain, snow) - as a rule, have a detrimental effect if the blind area was performed incorrectly, of poor quality.
Biological corrosion, or rather microbiological, is due to the development of various types of microorganisms on the surface of building materials, which include algae (causing green plaque), mold fungus (gray-black plaque) or lichens arising from symbiotic hyperplasia of the fungus and algae (green-black plaque). This phenomenon not only worsens the aesthetics of the plinth, but also extends to the facade, and after a while leads to mechanical damage.

The impact of some of the above factors can be avoided if you consult with specialists when designing a house.

Do-it-yourself basement repair

With some skill and skills in construction, you can repair the basement of the house with your own hands. Work is carried out in a certain sequence. First of all, you should choose the time. The best will be the end of spring or the beginning of summer, when the earth has dried up, and the weather has settled, and warm days prevail.

Then you should clean the surface, and assess the damage. To do this, cover the base and blind area with a broom and carefully inspect the surface. At the same time, you can tap it, “thumping” places are to be removed. You should also remove the falling off parts, and walk with a metal brush to remove the exfoliated fragments of the structure.

If a large part of the basement needs restoration, then instead of repairing it, it is better to equip a new one.

The blind area should be carefully considered, if it is badly damaged around the entire building, has peeled off the foundation, then it should be completely replaced. The old blind area is removed, cleaned and equipped with a trench with a depth of forty centimeters, then a layer of sand and gravel of 20 cm is poured and rammed. A geotextile is spread over this layer and sprinkled on top with a layer of sand. After that, holes are drilled in the foundation (every 50 cm), into which reinforcement is hammered. A reinforcing mesh is attached to it. Formwork is installed and concrete is poured.

After the concrete has hardened, you can begin to repair the basement. If you want to completely redo the base, then around the perimeter of the building you will need to fix the reinforcing mesh. Holes are drilled in the wall for the reinforcement pins, in one or two rows, depending on the given height, into which reinforcement rods are driven in, so long and to such a depth that the mesh mounted on them is in the body of the base. Then the surface is carefully primed with a deep penetration primer (twice), after which the formwork is installed. As a formwork, it is best to use laminated, moisture-resistant plywood. After that, concrete is poured into the formwork to evenly distribute and compact it, you can use a reinforcement bar. Formwork can be dismantled after a week.

If the thickness of the planned layer does not allow for reinforcement, formwork installation, and subsequent concrete pouring, then the basement can be repaired by plastering it. On the wall, with the help of dowels, an exhaust mesh is attached, on top of which, for the convenience of work, plaster beacons are installed. Then the surface is primed twice and plaster is applied to it. A cement plaster mortar is used, which is applied in the same way as with ordinary plastering of walls.

In the case when it is possible to get by with the repair of individual sections, the order of work is slightly different. Areas that need restoration are thoroughly cleaned and primed. Then, an exhaust mesh is attached directly to them with dowels, so that it does not protrude from the recess formed at the site of the repaired area. After that, the surface is again treated with soil and leveled with a layer of plaster. To make it more convenient to apply plaster, you can use plaster beacons, and in small areas, you can use undamaged areas of the base as a guide.

To make the surface homogeneous, after grouting the plaster, you can walk along the joints with a hard sponge dipped in water.

Restoration and strengthening of the foundation can be seen in this video:

Plinth protection

After the plinth is repaired, it is advisable to think about protecting it in the future. Despite the fact that the work on its repair is not extremely difficult, it is still a dubious pleasure to do its restoration every year. There are several options for protecting the basement and, as a result, the foundation - from budget to quite expensive.

Bituminous mastic - you can buy ready-made or cook it yourself. The resin is mixed with diesel fuel and heated over a fire. Then this mixture is covered with a completely dried plinth. The option is cheap, but not practical - the coating will be easily soiled, and over time, a variety of garbage will stick to it and you can forget about the attractive appearance of the house.

Mosaic plaster is the best option. Consists of small pebbles and adhesive material based on various resins. It has frost resistance, vapor permeability and high resistance to mechanical damage.

Natural facing materials - mainly granite, sandstone, slate, travertine are used. The option is expensive, but the most attractive in terms of aesthetics. In addition, if the facing work is done by professionals and in high quality, then the plinth will be provided with very good protection due to this.

Artificial facing materials - perhaps the most common option. Clinker or concrete tiles at a relatively low price have high protective qualities and have an attractive appearance.

It is best to take care of the safety of the basement of the house at the design stage, but if due to some circumstances this was not enough, and it needs restoration, then there is nothing to worry about. Repairing the basement of a house with your own hands is a completely doable task.

kakfundament.ru

Plinth repair - step by step instructions

The basement of the building is exposed to the aggressive influence of many factors. It is more often than other areas in need of repair. You can't get stuck with her. After all, the destruction of the basement reduces the durability of the entire structure.

So that damage to the plaster does not lead to the growth of mold and does not allow moisture to destroy the wall, you need to correct the situation and repair the basement of the building in a timely manner. As a rule, it consists in the restoration of seams, new plastering of hotel areas. Sometimes when repairing the basement of a brick house, you have to change individual bricks.

Step-by-step instruction

First, the lower part of the wall is released from contact with the ground. To do this, use a shovel.

Then all plaster fragments that do not adhere well are removed, you must try not to miss voids, they can be detected by tapping. All loose plaster is beaten off with a hammer or chisel.

Then the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust. Use a wire brush to thoroughly remove all plaster residue. How to perform this work, you can see in the photo or video.

All surfaces that need to be protected from plaster, such as window frames, must be covered with masking tape. It will protect important areas from pollution.

The detected defects in the masonry are moistened before repairing the lining of the brick basement. This is necessary to ensure better contact of the plaster mixture with the surface.

To fill the existing voids, you should pick up bricks of the appropriate size. You can cut fragments of the desired size from aerated concrete blocks.

The next step in repairing the basement with your own hands is to fill the voids with prepared bricks and fix them with masonry mortar.

Before plastering the surface, it must be thoroughly moistened. To do this, you can take a bucket and a brush, but it is easier and faster to wet the wall with water from a hose.

Then prepare a solution (waterproofing sludge) for waterproofing. The mixture is diluted with clean water.

The solution is applied to the restored areas in 2 passes. First, a thin layer of 1 - 2 mm, when the first layer begins to set, apply a second layer of 3 mm. In this case, you can use a brush or a wide spatula.

The applied layers should stand for a day. You can continue working the next day.

Then a mortar for plaster is prepared.

Again perform 2-layer application. First, a layer of 10 mm is applied. The plaster is rubbed with force over the surface, moving the spatula in a semicircle.

In order for the walls to be smooth in the end, it is advisable to use plaster strips, during the installation of which a level should be applied. These planks come in several varieties. In this case, they are made of wood.

The next layer of plaster is applied with a thickness of 15 - 20 mm.

The plaster is carefully applied over the entire surface, it is desirable to fill the entire surface with it up to the foundation. Then it will be possible to talk about the complete and high-quality repair of the basement plaster.

The base point for removing excess mortar will be not only plaster strips, but also an intact cladding layer, as in the photo.

When the surface dries, it is leveled with a plaster trowel.

To beautifully decorate the corner, plaster strips are used. By attaching the plank to the appropriate corner, you can align the end of the wall. Then the bar is removed.

Practical advice! To make a homogeneous transition from old plaster to new in structure, you can process the joints with foam plastic.

The last stage of repairing the basement of a private house is to treat surfaces in contact with the ground. To do this, you can use waterproofing slurry or bituminous mastic.

Do-it-yourself basement repair is easy to do. As a result, you can breathe new life into the old structure.

kvartira.mirtesen.ru

How to repair the basement of a building with your own hands

It can be said with full confidence that it is the basement of any building that is exposed to the most aggressive effects of a number of factors. This causes it to wear out quickly and require repair. Otherwise, the entire building is at risk.

Timely repairs help to avoid the spread of mold, and prevent the destruction of walls under the influence of high levels of humidity. In some cases, it may even be necessary to replace individual bricks, which must be taken into account.

Preparatory stage

When starting to repair the basement with your own hands, you first need to remove the ground in contact with the bottom of the wall with a shovel. After that, it is required to remove the old plaster, which does not hold well enough. It is also important not to miss the voids that have arisen. A hammer and a chisel are perfect for solving these problems. With the help of such tools, it will be possible to get rid of old material with a light tap.

Next, you need to clean the wall of dirt, dust and minor plaster residues that have not been removed after previous work. This is best done with a special brush with a fairly hard wire pile. You can buy such a tool at any hardware store.

In order to protect window frames or door slopes from damage, it is recommended to pre-paste them with masking tape.

Filling the voids

Before starting active work, it is required to thoroughly moisten all detected damage with ordinary water. Thanks to this, the plaster will adhere much better to the surface.

Aerated concrete blocks are great for filling voids. This material is lightweight, durable and reliable. In addition, it is quite easy to cut bricks of the required size from it.

Prepared blanks will need to be installed in voids. You can fix them with masonry mortar. The prepared surface is again wetted with water. To do this, it is enough to water the wall simply from a hose.

Plaster work

A special waterproofing solution will help to ensure the restored basement proper performance. For its preparation, it is required to dilute the prepared dry mixture with ordinary water.

The solution is applied to the wall twice. The first layer should be fairly thin. And after it dries, you can start applying the second. The optimal thickness is 3 mm. For this purpose, a brush or a wide spatula is perfect. In order for this material to dry completely, you need to leave it for one day.

The next day you can do plastering work. For this, a special composition is also suitable. In this case, two-layer application is again used. The width of the first of them is about 10 mm. The finished material is applied to the walls with active circular movements with a spatula.

To make the finished surface really even, it is best to use special plaster strips and a level. Such a simple set will make the base perfect.

The second layer of plaster can reach a thickness of 20 mm. After applying it, excess material will need to be removed using one of the strips. And in order for the material to dry well, you should leave it for at least a couple of days.

How to finish the plinth

You can get rid of minor defects with a plaster trowel. And you can give an attractive appearance to the corner not only through the use of planks, but also through a special corner spatula. It has a specific shape, which makes the process of performing work simple and comfortable.

The last stage is the processing of that part of the base that will be in contact with the ground. It must be highly resistant to wear. That is why it is recommended to apply products such as bituminous mastic or waterproofing sludge to the wall.

On this do-it-yourself basement repair can be considered complete. As a result of such simple manipulations, you will be able to restore its attractiveness and reliability.

Video "How to repair the base"

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Repair of the basement of a brick house - causes and sequence of work

Good afternoon. After the winter, around the beginning of May, I ran into the problem of destroying the basement of a house in a summer cottage. In some places, cracks up to 2-3 cm deep were found. Somewhere the outer surface of concrete has partially or completely collapsed. The house was built over 5 years ago. The main material for building a house is foam block and silicate brick. The type of foundation is tape. When constructing the foundation, waterproofing and a soft blind area were performed. Tell me, what is the reason for such serious collapses of the basement, because last year everything was in order? What methods and approaches can be used to restore the damaged surface? How to repair the basement of a brick house without contacting construction companies?

Hello. With the onset of spring, the described problem occurs especially often. In your case, what you should pay close attention to is the life of the building and the severity of the problems that arise.

That is, damage and flaws caused by external factors that arise without your participation began to appear as early as 5 years after the building was put into operation. This is a short period. From this we can conclude that some mistakes may have been made or some nuances were not taken into account during the construction of the building.

Additionally, I would like to know the type of base. This does not play a particularly big role, but it may make some adjustments for its repair. We will assume that the basement structure is protruding or is in the same plane with the load-bearing wall. We do not take into account the falling base, since it is built quite rarely, although it is a more reliable solution.

The main types of basement structures in the construction of private and country houses

The main causes and possible problems of damage to the basement of the building include the following points:

Structural shrinkage is a natural process that occurs and depends on the type of foundation, construction and weight of the building. The average shrinkage period is 1-1.5 years. With heaving and soft types of soil, the process can proceed for 1.5-2 years. The visibility of shrinkage is most pronounced in brick and private houses made of heavy materials;
Soil Type - Heaving and clayey types of soil used as a base for building a house may require time to compact and settle. Sandy soil is characterized by a fairly rapid settlement, which largely depends on the size of the grains of sand and the level of groundwater. The sedimentation of clay soil proceeds somewhat more slowly, due to the high density of the soil;
High groundwater level - the level of occurrence is determined at the design stage of the building. Partially affects the type of foundation, the depth of the bearing base and additional insulation work. Ignoring the level of occurrence can lead to a decrease in the life of the foundation, flooding and general damage to the bearing elements;
Poor-quality blind area - non-compliance with the technology of the device can lead to flooding of the basement of the house, damage to the foundation and basement. The type of construction is selected based on the occurrence of groundwater, the type of soil and the bearing base;
Communication problems - damage and leakage of the central water supply with further enrichment of the soil with moisture can cause the destruction of the supporting base, flooding of the basement and basement;
Non-compliance with technology - work without building codes and regulations is the main cause of most problems and damage. The absence of such construction works as waterproofing the basement of the building and the foundation quickly leads to the formation of cracks, chips and the general destruction of these elements.

Repair of the basement for private and country houses should be carried out only after the reasons for the damage have been clarified and eliminated. Otherwise, by repairing and restoring the destroyed areas, the problem will not disappear, which will lead to the formation of new, even more serious flaws.

Finding out the reasons for the formation of deformations

Damage can be of a different nature - from simple cracks to complete collapse of the structure.

Based on the fact that in your case, during the construction of a private house, the foundation was isolated and no flooding of the basement and basement was noticed, we can conclude that damage to the basement of the building was caused by moisture penetration through the soft blind area.

This type of adjacent construction does not meet all requirements and provides a rather low level of protection. In most cases, a soft look is constructed as a decorative element with limited protective functions.

Most likely, you thought that the waterproofing of the base was sufficient to protect the foundation from moisture. But in practice it turned out a little differently - the blind area, which should prevent and remove moisture from the bearing basement, did not cope with the assigned task.

Perhaps the problem is more pronounced, but without examining the structure and additional information it is difficult to draw a conclusion based only on the facts received from you. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct an independent audit and exclude possible causes.

Shrinkage of the building can be completely excluded, since the construction of the house was completed more than 3-5 years ago. The type of foundation soil was taken into account when designing the building, which excludes the reason for the foundation being too low.

Strengthening an existing structure is the most effective way to repair and restore

The level of groundwater can be checked independently. The easiest way is to check the depth of water in existing wells on the site or adjacent territory. With sufficient depth (more than 15 meters), it is possible to completely exclude the fact of constant penetration of moisture through the soil.

For additional verification, you will need to dig a small trench to the depth of the foundation and monitor the accumulation of water. If after 3-5 days the accumulation of water does not occur, then groundwater does not wash away the foundation and the cause of destruction is different.

The accumulation of even a small amount of water may indicate that the carrier base is periodically or constantly exposed to moisture, which, rising through the soil, is absorbed into the surface of the plinth, thereby reducing its service life, leading to damage.

In your case, without discovering any additional reasons, the lack of a reliable hydro-barrier in the form of a high-quality blind area led to the fact that the plinth was exposed to moisture for 5 years. Hence the formation of cracks and the collapse of the outer coating.

Repair technology

Repair and restoration of damaged areas on the surface of the basement can be performed using various technologies. But regardless of the method of repair, the protection of the basement of the house should begin with the construction of the blind area.

The protective blind area should have several underlying layers based on fine-grained sand and gravel. As an outer layer, it is desirable to use concrete, which is reinforced with a metal mesh.

The most effective technology for repairing and strengthening the basement of private houses is pouring or applying concrete mortar over a reinforcing structure made of thick metal mesh, steel pipes or fittings.

To perform the work, you will need to purchase a welded mesh with cells of 10 × 10 mm and a wire thickness of at least 5 mm. When using reinforcement, you can focus on similar parameters and use material with a diameter of 8-10 mm. The knitting of the material can be done with steel wire 4 mm thick.

The main materials for the frame used in the restoration of the old plinth

In places where the damage is not severe, and structural reinforcement is not required, the old surface will be reinforced with a conventional all-metal expanded metal mesh up to 1 mm thick.

As a tool, you will need to use a hammer, chisel, sledgehammer, puncher, etc. Mixing the solution is best done with a concrete mixer. This will be reflected in the quality of the mixture for the better. The proportions of the mortar are 1 part of M500-600 cement to 3 parts of fine-grained sand.

For formwork, you can use old plywood or metal sheets, wooden boards hammered into shields or any other building materials.

Do-it-yourself repair work can be performed using the following technology:

Dismantling of the formwork is carried out after a few days and depends on the average daily air temperature. At a temperature of 15-20 ° C - 4-5 days, at 10-15 ° C - 6-7 days. In general cases, after repairing the plinth surface, we recommend that you wait at least a week and only then remove the formwork.

For partial repairs, the execution technology has a slightly different sequence. This method can be used both for the restoration of the surface of apartment buildings, and for the repair of household buildings.

It will be necessary to clean, clean and prime the surface in one layer. Next, the exhaust mesh is stuffed and re-primed in one or two layers. As a guide for leveling, you can use a stretched cord or plaster beacons that are fixed to the plaster. The setting step must be smaller than the mixture leveling tool.

After leveling, after about 4-8 hours, the surface is moistened and rubbed with a felt grater. For best drying, the plinth is covered with a matte material that protects from direct sunlight and makes the drying process more natural.

Read also:

otdelkaexp.ru

Do-it-yourself basement repair and its further cladding

When it comes time to repair the basement of a suburban building, many homeowners start to panic because of this. But there is no need to exaggerate, because the repair of the basement, and even its further cladding, is done by hand without much difficulty.

Carrying out repair work on the basement should be taken very seriously, because it is this structural element of any structure that performs such a task as protecting the foundation from moisture penetration, which leads to its destruction. If the plinth is missing or in a deplorable state, then the foundation of the building and its lower masonry will certainly begin to fall apart, and this will lead not only to increased humidity inside the room, but also to a deterioration in the quality of floors, walls, etc. Under such circumstances, the formation of cracks and serious chips, rotting of floors and gradual collapse of walls is possible.

Based on this, it is simply necessary to carry out timely repairs to the basement of a country house.

If your plinth has been in disrepair for several years, don't worry, following the instructions below will restore it in just a couple of days.

At the beginning of the repair work

The most suitable period for carrying out such work is a dry and warm season, but preferably without much heat. As a rule, this is the first half of summer, of course, it all depends on which region your suburban area is located in. Experts recommend starting to repair the basement already in early spring, immediately after it dries up due to the snow melting due to the fresh wind. For example, you can start repair work at the end of May, then it will not be hot for you, and the temperature for lining the basement will be acceptable.

But before proceeding with the repair of the basement, it is necessary to prepare the material:

fittings;
metal grid;
gravel;
boards for the construction of formwork;
cement;
sand;
waterproofing material;
Rabitz;
primer.

Tool:

a hammer;
nails;
shovel;
welding machine;
a container for preparing a solution;
trowel and spatula;
brush;
dowel.

It is strictly forbidden to carry out repairs in cold or rainy weather, as well as at elevated temperatures, because in order to have a high-quality adhesion of the solution to the base material and its uniform drying, a stable temperature is needed.

Before proceeding with the repair work, it is necessary to prepare the place for their implementation. To do this, carefully remove the exfoliated parts of the basement (collapsed brick), remove all debris. Then it is necessary to inspect the blind area, because it plays a significant role not only in protecting the basement of the foundation, but also in the appearance of the entire structure.

If, after examining the blind area, you do not find any defects on it, then you can simply carry out a small cosmetic repair, otherwise you will have to refill the blind area.

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Construction of a new blind area

The blind area should be about 4-6 cm above ground level, and the depth should be at least 20 cm. The width can be different, so determine its value yourself.

So, we dig out a place for the construction of a blind area and clean the foundation of the house. When creating a blind area, it is very important to know that it should have a slight slope from the building, this is done so that water can freely leave its foundation.

After preparing the site, it is necessary to perform the maximum binding to the foundation by nailing reinforcement to it. Then we weld a metal mesh to the mounted fittings using a welding machine. The base for pouring the blind area must be made with high quality.

After the reinforcement and the mesh are ready for pouring, it is necessary to make a pillow of gravel at least 15 cm thick. We set the formwork to the height of the blind area, after which we fill everything with cement mortar.

It should be noted that before filling the blind area, it is necessary to apply a layer of waterproofing material to the foundation. For this purpose, as a rule, hot bitumen is used. If you want to create a stronger blind area, you can lay a couple of layers of metal mesh and fill it with concrete.

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Direct basement repair

After the old basement is upholstered and all impurities are removed from it, the blind area is built in a new way, which fits snugly against the foundation, you can proceed directly to the repair of the basement.

First of all, over the entire surface of the base, you need to fill a steel reinforcing mesh, in which there is a small mesh. It is allowed to use a regular chain-link mesh for this purpose. It is recommended that when installing the mesh, immediately shape it, based on the fact that it will be held by a layer of mortar. To do this, with the help of dowels, we correct the even position of the grid vertically.

When repairing the basement, one should not forget about priming its surface. You can apply a primer directly through the reinforcing mesh so that it gets on it and on the rough surface. In the absence of funds for the purchase of a primer mixture, it is imperative to moisten the surface well before applying the solution.

After the primer dries, using a liquid mortar, we tightly throw it on the grid so that the cement mortar penetrates through the grid and fills all the cavities on the surface of the base. To do this, you do not need to rush, on the contrary, you should do everything very carefully, and if necessary, press the mixture into the mesh, thus filling all the cavities and cavities. And in this order, we carry out the repair of the base along the entire perimeter, while the thickness of the mortar layer should be such that the reinforcing mesh will be slightly visible through it.

It is recommended to wait a little time for the mortar layer to harden, and then you can proceed to the final finishing of the basement. Depending on the availability of funds and your choice, various materials can be used to carry out further work on the repair of the plinth. This may be further plastering with another layer of cement mortar, or you can use decorative plaster or other finishing materials for this.

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An easy way to finish the plinth

So, the repair of the basement of a panel or brick structure is completed, now we are putting in order its front part. You can protect the base from the harmful effects of atmospheric phenomena using bitumen or other special mixtures, but the simplest and most reliable way is the "old-fashioned" method.

In an old waste container, we heat the resin mixed with diesel fuel on a fire. Heat this mixture slowly over low heat. By slowly stirring, bring the mixture to the consistency of jelly, so you will prepare a quality finishing solution, which was used everywhere in the old days. Using a large, round brush, apply the mixture in a thick layer evenly to the surface of the plinth.

There is another one of the cheapest and easiest ways to finish the basement - applying plaster with its further coloring. The plastered surface can be painted in any color. To date, the application of plaster with imitation of different surfaces is very common. The ability to experiment with dyes added directly to the plaster allows you to achieve quite interesting options for decorating the surface of your basement.

The essential and only drawback of this finishing method is the short service life of the resulting coating. Due to negative atmospheric influences and a certain load on the foundation itself, after a few years you will need to perform the first cosmetic repair.

Each of the buildings is one system in which all elements are connected, and each of the elements performs its important function. With the destruction and breakage of one element, the rest begin to collapse.

The most vulnerable part of the constructed building is the basement and blind area. Before you learn how to repair the blind area, you should find out what it is.

Why do you need a plinth and a blind area

The basement is one of the important parts of the constructed building; it performs an important function - heat-insulating. And since it is located on the outside of the building, it is constantly affected by the environment, temperature changes, moisture, and it is most susceptible to deformation and destruction. And if there is a deformation of the basement and blind areas, then the whole building begins to collapse. How to repair a blind area? It is best to invite professional builders to repair the basement, then it is likely that the repair will be done on time and with high quality. But you can try to do everything yourself, with the help of useful tips.

An important function is performed by the blind area. It is located around the entire perimeter of the building, is a path that is arranged at a certain angle of inclination. This is done so that water does not flow into the foundation. Often winter frosts can destroy the blind area.

Causes of the destruction of the basement and blind area

Since the basement is located on the outside, that is, on the street, it is subjected to constant precipitation, from which it begins to collapse. The same applies to the blind area, which also tends to crack and move away from the foundation. Causes of destruction include:

temperature changes;
constant moisture in rainy weather;
frosts;
house weight;
non-compliance with technological standards during the construction of the basement.

The concrete pavement, which was installed around the apartment building, is also influenced by natural factors. In the occurrence of cracks, an important role is played by the apartment building itself, its weight. If the blind area is filled with weak concrete, then large loads also affect.

Plinth repair - how to do it yourself

Plinth repair involves, first of all, the removal of dampness, fungus and mold. In order to get rid of all this, you need to open the base, that is, beat off the old plaster from it, clean it completely, around the entire perimeter. Drying is a must. After drying, treat the dry surface of the basement with a special antiseptic composition or sheathe it with boards that were impregnated with an antiseptic before installation. It is also necessary to take measures to insulate the basement so that it does not freeze and moisture does not penetrate into it.

Of course, a person is able to carry out all repairs himself, especially if he has experience in construction matters. But the reasons for the destruction of the basement should be established by specialists, they will also give advice on the problems that have arisen and their solution.

To repair the plinth, it is better to wait for warm and dry weather, but so that there is no strong heat. In heat or rain, concrete dries poorly, unevenly and adheres poorly to the wall.

To repair the base, you need to have the following tools:

concrete mixer;
shovel;
bushhammer;
Master OK.

From the materials you will need:

sand;
cement;
metal grid.

When the damaged area is beaten off from the old plaster, dirt is removed, the base is impregnated with an antiseptic, a metal mesh can be fixed. It will greatly increase the strength of the solution that will be applied to the wall. It must be installed evenly, the mesh is fixed with dowels. Then the surface of the base should be treated with a primer. The composition of the primer should also get on the grid, this will increase the susceptibility to the solution. This step can be skipped, but then instead of priming, the base should be moistened with water.

Now you need to apply the solution to the grid. The concrete mortar must be more liquid than for ordinary plaster. The solution through the mesh should get on the wall and very tightly fill all the cracks and voids. To obtain a high-quality coating, the solution must be pressed in. From the applied solution, only the grid should be visible. The next step is to apply the finishing solution to the plinth; decorative plaster can be used instead. Plastering work during the repair of the basement is difficult, so when performing these works you need to be careful and attentive.

After the mortar on the basement of the house dries up, you should proceed to finish the basement of the house. For finishing, you should choose high-quality and durable materials that can provide surface protection, and the next repair will not have to be done soon.

Do-it-yourself blind area repair

When repairing the basement of a house, you can correct the defects that have arisen in the blind area. Repair of the blind area occurs in this way.

The blind area is set to a height of 4-7 cm. It should be above ground level. Then the damaged area should be filled with cement mortar. In order for the blind area to have strength, it is reinforced with a mesh. You can even lay multiple layers of mesh. You can also achieve an increase in strength by adding crushed stone of a fine fraction to the solution. The blind area should have an angle of inclination from the house. This must be taken into account when pouring, then water will not fall under the foundation.

It is necessary to repair the blind area when small cracks appear on the surface of the blind area. Cement mortar is used to seal such cracks. Cracks are closed in the following way. The surface of the blind area is cleaned, you can even wash it. Then a liquid cement mortar is prepared, with which the blind area is poured, the liquid solution flows into the cracks and fills them. The consistency of the solution should be 1:1 or 1:2.

If there are cracks in the middle solution, then they can be repaired like this. Cracks are enlarged with a perforator in order to repair them with high quality. Then you need to treat the cracks with a primer. After drying, they should be filled with a bitumen composition with the addition of asbestos and crushed slag. After the mixture has hardened, the blind area is poured with a thin layer of cement mortar.

If the cracks are large, then you need to make repairs like this. Cracks are cleaned of dirt and primed. You need to let the primer dry. The cracks are then filled with concrete. Remember, it is concrete, not cement mortar. Places filled with concrete should be covered with a film for about a day.

It also happens that the blind area has peeled off from the house - how to repair it in this case? The place of delamination should be thoroughly cleaned and primed, the crack should be enlarged. This is done to ensure that the seal is durable and of high quality. You can also cover the base with bituminous mastic. A large opening between the blind area and the house is poured with concrete, and if the gap is small, then it can be filled with a rare cement solution.

When asked about the blind area, how to repair and when, it can be answered that repairs are best done in the spring, while there is still no high temperature, or at the beginning of summer, when it is still cool. This should be done because, due to heat, cracks can decrease, and this will lead to the impossibility of repairing them with high quality.

Finishing the basement after repair

After the repair, you can start finishing the basement. There are different options for this. The blind area has already been repaired, and you need to start decorating the basement.

The design of the basement is not a tribute to fashion, but its protection from the effects of natural phenomena. This can be done with bitumen or mixtures, or you can use the forgotten old-fashioned method. To do this, melt the resin and diesel. Do this on low heat, stir slowly. After preparation, a high-quality solution for coating is obtained. This method has been used everywhere before. Coated with a round brush, applying a thick layer.

If it is possible to spend money on finishing the plinth, you can create a more interesting look and durable protection from exposure to the sun, wind and frost. Finishing can be done from artificial stone. To do this, you need to choose a quality adhesive mixture. You should carefully read the instructions, for different mixtures you need different additions, in the form of a primer, mesh, and, possibly, the preparation of a special layer. But it should be remembered that finishing with artificial or natural stone is an expensive undertaking, although the basement is an important part of the building, on which the long years of the existence of the house depend.

In order to repair the basement and blind areas around the house yourself, you can watch a video on a special construction site or read an article. The advice of repair specialists will certainly help to carry out everything planned, the main thing is to have enough patience and strength.

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When to repair the basement in the country

It is most correct to choose a warm and dry season for such work, preferably without serious heat. It may be the middle of summer, depending on the regions, but we suggest that you repair the plinth already at the beginning of spring, as soon as it dries out after the snows in the fresh wind and the sunlight that is gaining temperature. For example, you can start the process in the middle or end of May, so that it is not too hot for you to work, and the temperature for finishing is acceptable.

It is simply impossible to do repairs in cold or rain, as well as in severe heat, because a stable temperature is necessary for high-quality adhesion of the solution to the basic materials and its uniform drying.

How to start basement repair

It will be necessary to prepare the place of repair - it is good to beat off the exfoliated parts, try to remove the debris, but do not wade deeper, knocking with a hammer further and further. After that, study the blind area, as it plays a significant role in protecting the foundation and the appearance of the building.

If the blind area is in order, it can be redecorated, but if there is practically no blind area, it will be necessary to fill in a new one.

Filling the blind area

The blind area can rise 4-7 cm above ground level, but it should go about 20-25 cm deep. You determine the width yourself, dig out a place to fill the blind area and clean the foundation of the house. It is important to remember here that the blind area should have a slope of several degrees from the house so that the water does not stagnate under the house itself.

When the place is ready, you should attach yourself to the foundation as much as possible, nail the reinforcement to it, to which the mesh should be welded. You should not be especially zealous, but the foundation of the blind area must be of high quality.

When the reinforcement for pouring is ready, it is necessary to fill in the gravel pad, install the formwork at the height of the blind area, and pour everything from above with cement mortar. But before this stage, you can also make waterproofing, which will be very appropriate. This can be standard waterproofing of the basement of the house, or classic, clay, when a layer of clay 15 cm wide is laid along the entire height of the blind area around the house and is well trampled down.

If you want to get a stronger blind area, lay several layers of a thin mesh, and also make it based on a mortar with crushed stone.

We repair the basement of a country house

The plinth is upholstered and cleaned, the blind area is flooded and fits snugly to it - it remains only to move on to our main task.

A small reinforcing metal mesh should be filled around the entire perimeter of the base. It is desirable to give it a shape, as the grid will hold the solution layer. That is, the mesh can be stuffed more evenly vertically by adjusting its position with dowels.

The next step is the primer. You can carry out the primer directly through the mesh so that the composition gets on it and on the surface itself. If a primer is not intended, simply dampen the surfaces well before applying the mortar.

After that, with a more liquid solution, we well throw a layer on the grid so that the plastering mixture penetrates through the grid and fills all the cavities along the base. To do this, you should not accelerate, on the contrary, you need to act very carefully, even pressing the solution into the grid, clogging all the cavities and cavities with it. Thus, finishing takes place around the entire perimeter, with a layer through which the mesh itself will only be visible.

It is advisable to let the layer dry a little, and then you can proceed to the final plastering. Here you can put another layer of cement mortar, or work with decorative plaster, original stone and brick laying.

Depending on your choice, there may be very different options for further processes.

Finishing the basement of the house after repair

The repair of the basement of a brick or panel house is completed, and now we need to put its appearance in order. The blind area is already there, but it also requires a basement to match itself, which we will now issue.

Inexpensive plinth finish

The plinth is ready, and now it is necessary to protect it from the harmful effects of atmospheric phenomena. This can be done with bitumen or other special mixtures, but you can always use the old-fashioned method.

You need to heat tar and diesel fuel on a fire in an old bucket. Heat slowly, over low heat, be sure to protect yourself from possible injury. By stirring slowly, you will be able to prepare a quality coating solution, which was previously used everywhere. It is necessary to use hot resin of the consistency of jelly with a large round brush, evenly applying the mixture to the plinth in a thick layer.

Modern plinth finish

If you can spend more money, create a more interesting look and effectively protect against the effects of moisture, wind, frost and sunlight, use a modern finish. Often, this is just decorative plaster with protective properties or further painting, but often craftsmen make a stone plinth or artificial stone plinth, which is in no way inferior to natural finishes.

To lay the finishing material, you will need to choose the right adhesive mixture and study the instructions for the use of materials, because many of them will need a primer, a mesh, and maybe the preparation of a special layer.

At each stage of the repair and finishing of the basement of the house in the country it is worth remembering that this is often a very important structure, on which the durability of the building largely depends.

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