The production of floor slabs of various types and sizes is carried out in strict accordance with the requirements regulated by GOST 23009-78. The technology for the production of floor slabs in accordance with GOST of this edition has been used by enterprises since 1979.
The regulatory document provides for the main quality characteristics finished products, the possibility of its application in various fields construction industry. All products manufactured at factories have a marking that contains information about the characteristics of the floor slab, its overall parameters and purpose.
Classification of finished products is carried out taking into account the following criteria:
- construction type;
- the type of concrete used in the production;
- resistance to environmental factors;
- design features.
Possibilities of using building material
Concrete floor slabs are widely used in industrial and private construction in the construction of buildings for various purposes. Their use allows you to get a reliable and durable construction capable of withstanding heavy mechanical loads without losing its quality characteristics.
Reinforced concrete products are used in a number of works, namely:
- foundation laying;
- arrangement of tunnels;
- construction of flyovers;
- creation of strapping beams;
- construction of a base for cranes and other heavy construction equipment;
- erection of ceilings in residential and commercial buildings;
- creation of parapets;
- bottom device in the channels for communications;
- construction of support pads;
- construction flights of stairs etc.
Installation of floor slabs is impossible without the use of special equipment, due to the large weight and large dimensions of the products.
To install floor slabs, it is necessary to rent a truck crane with a lifting capacity of up to 5 tons. With the help of special equipment, the installation of concrete products is carried out quickly and safely.
Rigging work
Loading, unloading and moving blocks construction site It is made due to the presence of embedded loops on the products, designed to hook the hooks of the cables. In the event that there are no fasteners on the products, it is necessary to think in advance alternative way their movements.
As a rule, the best solution is the use of special gripping devices (jigs). The ceilings, not equipped with hinges, have a trapezoidal section, and on the side surfaces of the product there are protrusions, for which the grips of the conductor are fixed.
Storage of concrete floors
In order to maintain quality characteristics and integrity, it is necessary to follow the rules for the maintenance of concrete products at the construction site. Products must be strictly in horizontal position, immersion is strictly unacceptable reinforced concrete slabs into the ground, which leads to cracking of the floor. It is also impossible to lay the plates on top of each other, it is necessary to lay out the lining along the ends.
Installation procedure:
- Preparation of cement mortar.
- Setting the crane in working position, preparing for lifting.
- Applying the solution to the areas of support (layer - 2-3 cm).
- Transfer of the product to the installation site.
- Checking the reliability of the support of the product on the supporting structure.
- Lowering the cover.
- Checking horizontal seams.
- Filling the voids cement mortar.
When constructing structures involving large weight loads, care must be taken to improve bearing capacity. For this, the distance between the floor slabs must not only be filled with cement mortar, but also additionally reinforced. Along the outer perimeter of the structure it is worth equipping monolithic belt(width - at least 5 cm). The reinforcement cage must be made of two metal rods and laid vertically.
By the same principle, the joints between the plates located inside the ceiling are also strengthened. So everything structural elements overlaps are connected into a single monolithic block. The bearing capacity is significantly increased: for monolithic concrete structures- by 40%, and for cellular floors - by 100%.
Dimensions
In the market of concrete products in Russia, floor slabs are represented a wide range. For each type of work (taking into account the expected load), manufacturers offer products of various overall dimensions. The table shows the most popular sizes of floor slabs of various brands.
| Brand | Length, mm | Width, mm | Weight, t | Volume, m3 |
| PC 17-10.08 | 1680 | 990 | 0,49 | 0,36 |
| PC 20-10.08 | 1980 | 990 | 0,76 | 0,54 |
| PC 30-10.08 | 2980 | 990 | 1,11 | 0,78 |
| PC 40-10.08 | 3980 | 990 | 1,2 | 0,87 |
| PC 51-10.08 | 5080 | 990 | 1,475 | 1,11 |
| PC 60-10.08 | 5980 | 990 | 1,725 | 1,3 |
| PC 70-10.08 | 6980 | 1190 | 2,06 | 1,52 |
| PC 80-12.08 | 7980 | 1190 | 3,063 | 2,09 |
| PC 90-12.08 | 8980 | 1190 | 3,2 | 2,38 |
The number "8" in the plate brand designation determines the optimal design load, which is 800 kgf / m 2. Which is a standard indicator for the construction of residential buildings.
Floor slabs - GOST
Floor slabs are used in the construction multi-storey buildings for various purposes, the quality of products is the key to safe and long-term operation of the building. Plates are produced in strict accordance with state standards, may incorporate light, heavy or silicate concrete.
The production technology provides for the presence of voids in the material, which lighten the plate and provide it with increased heat and sound insulation qualities. The maximum allowable diameter of round voids is 15.9 mm. The minimum width of the plates is 1 m, and the maximum is 1.8 m. The length of the product is up to 9.2 m.
According to GOST floor slabs, the concrete used in the creation of slabs must meet class B22.5 in terms of quality parameters. The density of the cement powder should be 2000-2400 kg/m 3 .
The strength of the product is achieved through the use of heavy-duty steel reinforcement as a framework.
The state standard regulates the brand of concrete used, taking into account its frost resistance (F200.F). According to GOST 9561-91, hollow core slabs are made from concrete, the strength of which is 261.9 kg / cm 2.
Product range
Depending on the expected loads and other operating conditions, plates with the appropriate characteristics are cut. When choosing a material, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of reinforcement and the brand of concrete. The main types of concrete applicable in the creation of products:
- L- light;
- AND- heat-resistant;
- FROM– silicate;
- I- cellular;
- M- fine-grained.
Concrete products are also classified according to the degree of resistance to environmental factors. According to the quality of the surface of the product are:
- H– normal permeability;
- P– reduced permeability;
- O- special permeability.
Having studied the range of floor slabs, you can choose the product that is optimally suitable for each individual type of work.
The presence of the designation "C" in the marking indicates resistance to seismic vibrations, the degree of which does not exceed 7 points.
Depending on the purpose, the products can be monolithic or hollow. Monolithic products have increased strength and high weight, while products with voids are light in weight, which greatly facilitates the load on the supporting structure.
Anyone who has dealt with the construction of a house at least once knows how important hollow iron is. concrete plates or floor panels. Hollow-core concrete floor slabs, in fact, make up about 90% of total weight at home. Floor slabs (PC) can vary greatly in weight and size, depending on the specific purpose for which they are used.
Structural features of hollow core slabs
As you might guess, reinforced concrete floor slabs (PC) are hollow inside, which is why they are marked as multi-hollow when sold. But the holes inside such plates, contrary to misconception, can have not only oval, but also round, square and other shapes.
Hollow core slab support scheme However, in most cases, floor slabs (PC) have precisely cylindrical hollow circles inside.
Interestingly, floor slabs (PC) can be both unreinforced and reinforced. Reinforced concrete floor slabs (PC) will be exactly reinforced.
Such floor slabs (PC), although they have a much greater weight, which ultimately increases the load on the building and the cost of construction, however, have a large margin of safety. Installation of floor slabs, namely the installation method itself, depends on what support the slabs will be placed on, because support is also an important criterion.
For example, if the support of the slab is not sufficiently stable, this may lead to backfire which, of course, should be avoided.
Scheme of laying a hollow core slab on the second floor Characteristics of hollow core slabs
The size
Its final cost also depends on the size of the hollow PC; in addition to such parameters as width and length, weight is also important.
PC sizes vary as follows:
- along the length, the size of the PC ranges from 1180 to 9700 millimeters;
- in width, the size of the PC ranges from 990 to 3500 millimeters.
The most popular and in demand are multi-hollow panel slabs, which are 6000 mm long and 1500 mm wide. The height or thickness of the panel is also important (height would be more correct, but builders tend to say "thickness").
So, the thickness that multi-hollow panels can have is always a constant value - 220 mm. Great importance has, of course, the weight of the floor panel. Concrete floor slabs must be lifted by a crane with a minimum lifting capacity of 4-5 tons.
comparison table coordination dimensions of hollow core slabs The length and weight of the panels are essential for construction, length is even less important than weight.
The weight
As for such an important parameter as weight, everything here is very clear from the first time: the range of products manufactured in Russia ranges from 960 kilograms to 4.82 tons. Weight is the main criterion by which the method by which the panels will be installed is determined.
Typically, cranes are used, as noted above, with a lifting capacity of at least 5 tons (of course, cranes must lift weight with some margin).
The weight of panels of the same marking may differ, but only slightly: after all, if we consider the weight with an accuracy of one gram, anything can affect it.
Comparative characteristics main brands of hollow core slabs If, for example, a product has been exposed to rain, then it will a priori be slightly heavier than the product that has not been exposed to rain.
Types of loads
To begin with, it should be noted that any overlap implies the presence of the following 3 parts:
- The upper part, with the floor where people live. Accordingly, the panel will be loaded with flooring, a variety of insulation elements and, of course, concrete screeds- the main component of the load;
- The lower part, with the presence of a ceiling, its decoration, lighting fixtures. By the way, you should not be skeptical about the presence of lighting devices. Firstly, the same LED lamps require partial destruction of the plate with a perforator for cable laying. Secondly, if we take large rooms, with columns and halls, huge crystal chandeliers can hang there, which will give a greater load than any other fixture or type of decoration. This must also be taken into account;
- Structural. It combines both the upper and lower parts at once, as if supporting them in the air.
Hollow slab - this is structural plate, which supports both the top and lower part overlap!
By the way, do not discount the dynamic load. It, as you might guess, is created by the people themselves, as well as the things they move. All this affects the properties and states of the panel.
Diagram of a hollow core slab with holes For example, if you transport a heavy piano once in a small two-story house from one place to another is normal, then daily movement will create a much greater negative impact on the multi-hollow slab. It is unlikely to fall, but there may be serious problems with ventilation later.
According to the type of load distribution, they are further divided into 2 groups:
- distributed;
- point.
To understand the difference between these two types, it is worth giving an example. The same huge crystal chandelier that weighs one tone is a point load. But stretch ceiling with a frame over the entire surface of the slab - this is already a distributed load.
Device production line for the production of hollow core slabs But there is also a combined load that combines point and distributed. For example, a bath filled to the top. By itself, the bath is on legs, and its pressure on the legs is a kind of distributed load. But the legs standing on the floor are already a point load.
Its cost directly depends on the weight of the hollow slab.
It's tricky, but it can be dealt with. And it is necessary! After all, the calculation for floors and hollow core slabs during construction will still need to be done.
Hollow core grades
As a matter of fact, hollow-core slabs do not even have marks as such. We are talking about marking, which reflects some parameters. It suffices to give a small example.
Scheme of laying a hollow core slab on a crossbar Let's say the panel has the following marking: PK 15-13-10 PK - means a hollow slab; all digital designations indicate any technical parameters.
15 would mean the panel is approximately 15 decimeters (1.5 meters) long. Why about? It's just that the length can be 1.498 meters, and on the marking they have the right to round this figure to 1.5 meters (15 decimeters). The number 12 means that the product has a width of 10 decimeters. The last digit (in this case- 10) the most important indicator.
This is the load that the material can withstand (maximum allowable). In our case, the maximum load will be 10 kilograms per 1 dm². Usually builders consider the load per square meter, here it will be 1000 kilograms per 1 m². In general, everything is not so difficult.
The panel brand always looks like PC-XX-XX, if sellers offer other options, then you should be wary.
Load calculation
Limit exposure calculation
The calculation of the limiting impact is a prerequisite for the design of a building. The dimensions and other parameters of the panels are determined by the good old Soviet GOST under the number 9561-91.
The device of a hollow slab with a reinforced screed In order to determine the load that will be exerted on the product, it is necessary to indicate on the drawing of the future structure the weight of absolutely all elements that will “press” on the floor. Their total weight will be the maximum load.
First of all, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the following elements:
- cement-sand screeds;
- gypsum concrete partitions;
- weight floor covering or panels;
- thermal insulation materials.
Subsequently, all the indicators obtained are summarized and divided by the number of panels that will be present in the house. From here, you can get the maximum, ultimate load on each specific product.
Calculation of the optimal load
It is clear that the maximum allowable level- this is a critical indicator, which in no case should be brought to. Therefore, it is best to calculate exactly the optimal indicator. For example, a panel weighs 3000 kg. It is needed for an area of 10 m².
It is necessary to divide 3000 by 10. As a result, it turns out that the maximum allowable load value will be 300 kilograms per 1 m². This is a small indicator, but you also need to take into account the weight of the product itself, for which the load was also calculated (for example, its value is 800 kilograms per 1 m²). From 800 you need to subtract 300, as a result, you get 500 kilograms per 1 m².
Now you need to roughly estimate how much all the loading elements and objects will weigh. Let this indicator be equal to 200 kilograms per 1 m². From the previous indicator (500kg / m²), you need to subtract the received one (200kg / m²). The result is an indicator of 300 m². But that's not all.
Diagram of a hollow core slab with waterproofing Now from this indicator it is necessary to subtract the weight of the furniture, finishing materials, the weight of people who will constantly be in the room or in the house. "Live weight" and all the elements, their load, let it be 150 kg / m². Subtract 150 from 300. As a result of all, the optimally acceptable indicator will be obtained, the designation of which will be 150 kg / m². This will be the optimal load.
Advantages of hollow core slabs
Among the advantages of these products are the following:
- relatively small load on the perimeter of the entire building, in contrast to the same full-bodied products;
- high strength indicators, despite the fact that the bottom panels are hollow;
- reliability;
- the draft at home will be much less intense than when using full-bodied products (in fact, this advantage comes from the relatively low weight);
- relatively low cost.
In general, hollow core panels are one of the most important building materials. Today it is produced by only a few factories throughout vast Russia. The main thing, as noted above, is not to be deceived when buying.
Scheme of the arrangement of reinforcing blocks in a hollow core slab Sometimes (this is rare, but still) sellers try to sell low-quality panels, the so-called lightweight ones. They, for example, may be marked, which shows that the product is designed for a load of 500 kilograms per square meter, but in reality this parameter is several times lower.
It's not even fraud, it's a criminal offense that should be punished to the fullest extent of the law. After all, if you buy a panel designed for a smaller load, there is a serious risk of collapse of buildings. Such a situation can be observed not only in the provinces, but even in Moscow or St. Petersburg.
In general, when buying such products, you need to be extremely careful. It is important to remember that any design error can even have tragic consequences.
Video
You can watch a video where experts talk in detail about the features various kinds hollow slabs.
The range of laying reinforced concrete slabs - from the formation foundation under buildings made of wood (quick assembly), or separation of the basement from the higher building of the house, before installation attic floor at the completion of the top floor. Also, in addition to the usual interfloor overlap, some types of panels are also used for the construction of walls.
When overlapping floors, slabs are capable of not only accepting and distributing large loads(weight located on them internal partitions, equipment, furniture, people), but also serve as a reliable element of rigidity in the structure of the entire building.
The products are made of heavy concrete and, in addition to increased strength and fire resistance, have high water and frost resistance, as well as sound insulation. Upper and lower smooth surfaces products respectively serve as a floor and ceiling in the room and require a minimum interior decoration.
There are several varieties of this building element. Its choice depends on the properties and characteristics of the slab required in each case, its area of application and economic calculation.
Types of plates (classification)
According to the structural structure, reinforced concrete slabs are of 3 types:
- hollow;
- solid (corpulent);
- ribbed.
Hollow slabs
In private construction, hollow core slabs are most often used. Longitudinal round voids lighten the weight of the slab, increase its thermal insulation characteristics and allow you to hide in them the wires of the internal wiring of engineering communications.
Due to popularity and wide application floors with longitudinal voids, their production is gradually expanding and modernizing, adapting to the emergence of new materials and construction technologies. It must be said that the shape of voids can now be not only round, but also oval and vertical.
There are several brands or varieties of plates with longitudinal voids:
PC
They have been widely used since Soviet times - they are made of heavy concrete, have inside round voids with a diameter of 140 or 159 mm, standard height 220 mm and mounting loops. Which, after laying the floor, serve as an additional embedded part for fastening the plates together with anchors by welding.
As a rule, in private low-rise construction, it is not required to fasten the plates together after laying.
PNO (lightweight)
After some time, such a modernization of these structures appeared. Products have a smaller thickness (160 mm) and weight. Wherein reinforced with a special method and thicker reinforcement, it withstands the same loads, like the PC board.
The use of lightweight products is considered more economical compared to PC boards in several ways at once:
- from the weight of the lightweight ceiling, less load is transferred to the foundation, and, accordingly, materials are saved during the construction of the building foundation;
- the plates themselves are slightly cheaper than traditional PCs due to the lower material consumption for their manufacture;
- transportation costs are reduced during transportation - a transport unit is set large quantity reinforced concrete products with the same volume and weight as when loading PC slabs.
Attention!
If the boards purchased have not been factory sealed, it must be done by yourself at the place of production. construction works- pour concrete mortar(grade M200) in the support area.
This product is made only from heavy concrete. 
Bench panels (PB or PPS)
Reinforced concrete products of the latest generation. Products are made on special stands of various widths using the formless molding method. This allows you to produce products whose length is not tied to GOST standards. That is, the slab is cut at the production stand for spans, in accordance individual project, in steps of only 10 cm. The height of the structure can also vary from 160 to 300 mm, depending on the required length.
The high grade of concrete (M400 - M550) and the laying of prestressed bottom layers of reinforcement provide high structural strength in all dimensions. The only disadvantage of this product can be considered a higher cost compared to PC plates.
It is bench panels that can be mounted in upright- for the construction of walls of frame houses.
Attention!
During production, if a short-sized slab is sawn off last at the stand, then due to excessive compression of the prestressed reinforcement, the structure can bend (by deflecting the middle upwards). This defect is easy to see when visual inspection, in a stack among other products. Although such cases are quite rare, especially among good producers, and up to certain values such a deflection is not considered a marriage; when buying, you should pay attention to this.
Other types of plates
- Solid single-layer (1P, 2P)- most often used in private construction for installation ceiling. They are made of cellular concrete - 120 mm thick, and heavy - 160 mm thick.
- Monolithic– if for some reason standard production plates are not suitable for the project, you can produce it yourself. This is a rather simple, but long and laborious process, it is justified by the possibility of applying it to a wide variety of forms of coverage areas. Installation required bearing beams, formwork and reinforcing mesh. Pouring with concrete (not lower than grade M200) is aged in the formwork for the prescribed 28 days - until the full set of design strength. It is believed that monolithic structures have the highest load-bearing capacity if profiled sheeting of the N brand is used during their pouring.
- Ribbed- them design feature in the distribution of thickening and thinner elements in accordance with the compressive and tensile loads. Due to this, high strength and load-bearing capacity of the plate is achieved. The main application is in industrial construction and in the installation of the base in high-rise buildings. But sometimes such slabs are found as a garage floor. AT housing construction are not used due to the shape of the lower side, which is inconvenient for finishing, having a concave hollow configuration and transverse stiffening ribs.
Ribbed floor slabs The difference between PC and PB plates
If you opted for hollow core slabs, let's take a closer look at Let's look at the differences between traditional PC boards and PB boards with no formwork molding..
For convenience, the data are given in the table:
| PC and PNO | PB or PPP | |||
| Thickness | ||||
| PC - 220 mm, lightweight - 160 mm |
from 160 to 300 mm | |||
| Length | ||||
| PC - up to 7.2, sometimes up to 9 m, PNO - up to 6.3 meters, with a step determined by each manufacturer individually |
The maximum length is 12 m, structurally depends on the height of the panel. Slabs are cut to length to order, with a step size of 10 cm. | |||
| Width | ||||
| 1.00; 1.20; 1.50 and 1.80 m | More often stands are 1.2 m, less often - 1.00 and 1.50 m | |||
| Basically - typical - 800 kgf / m2, but individual production with a load of 1250 is possible | In addition to the standard load 800, plates with a load of 300 to 1600 kgf/m2 are produced. | |||
| fittings | ||||
| The bottom layer of reinforcement is exposed prestressing only in slabs with a length of 4.2 m or more. In shorter products, simple mesh reinforcement is made. | Reinforcement is prestressed in products of any length. | |||
| Smoothness | ||||
| Due to the long service life and wear of the equipment, the concrete surface usually does not have the desired smoothness. | The latest stands and extruder smoothing provide a smoother, more attractive surface, but some minor exceptions are acceptable. | |||
| Concrete brand | ||||
| M200 - M400 | M400 - M550 | |||
| Hole ends | ||||
| Mandatory sealing of the ends of the holes | Not required, due to the strength of the concrete grade |
Calculation of the number of plates and sizes for a private house
If the construction of private housing construction is carried out according to an approved project, then the dimensions and number of slabs are preliminarily calculated by engineers when developing this order. In general, such calculations are made according to the principle “fitting” the wall layout to the dimensions of the slabs, and not vice versa. But anything can happen in private construction. And if the walls are already planned or even ready and waiting for overlap, then you need to calculate their number and size, taking into account certain rules:
- the length of the slab is equal to the distance between the bearing walls plus the width of the slab support area on the wall (beam);
- the width of the slab is selected based on how many pieces from the assortment you have chosen will cover the transverse distance between the main walls (partitions are not taken into account). long side hollow core slab is laid adjacent to curtain walls, or overlap by no more than 100 mm (until the first void). See the article about for more details;
- if there is a small gap between the plates or there is a gap that does not fit into the configuration of the plates small plot premises, it can be "closed" with a partial monolithic casting, using formwork and reinforcement;
It is better to order products of “sluggish” sizes in advance, since it takes more time to wait for their production than for the production of standard designs.
Attention!
In winter, floor slabs are much cheaper. But the site for their unloading needs to be prepared and leveled in the fall. You will also have to order a tractor for snow removal on the site and, possibly, on access roads. But in the end, there will still be savings.
Standard slab dimensions
And yet, if possible, it is better to use plates of standard sizes, since their purchase is much cheaper and takes less time.
At factories, the size ranges of the latest generation of products are somewhat different, but there are size restrictions generally accepted by standards and specifications:
| Plate type | Length (m) | Width (m) |
| PC, round voids with a diameter of 140 mm | 1,8 / 2,4 / 3,0 / 6,0 | from 1.2 all dimensions are multiples of 0.3 m |
| PC, round voids with a diameter of 159 mm and slabs PB |
2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6 / 4,2 / 4,8 /
5,1 / 6,0 / 6,3 / 6,6 / 7,2 happens 9.0 |
from 1.0 onwards all dimensions are multiples of 0.3 m |
| PNO height 160 mm | from 1.6 to 6.3, sometimes 9.0 | 0,64 / 0,84 / 1,0 / 1,2 / 1,5 |
| teaching staff | from 3 to 12, in steps of 0.1 m | 1,0 / 1,2 / 1,5 |
| solid height 120 mm | 3,0 / 3,6 | 4,8 / 5,4 / 6,0 / 6,6 |
| solid height 160 mm | 2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6 | 2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6 / 4,8 / 5,4 / 6,0 |
| ribbed, height 30 mm | 6,0 | 1,5 |
The weight
The weight of the plates is important to know when calculating structures. But this is the concern of the designer, who draws up a project for the house. It is useful for a private developer to know the mass of slabs when they are delivered to the site and installed.
In the first case, it is necessary to choose the carrying capacity of the transport. Most likely, two cars will be needed for delivery.
For the installation of plates, a crane is used, when ordering which you will also be asked about the weight and dimensions of the plates. Each crane has its own lifting capacity. Since the weight range of the plates is in the range from 960-4800 kg, then a 5-tonner is enough in any case.
Depending on the concrete used, the mass of a standard 6x1.5 m hollow core slab varies from 2.8 to 3.0 tons.
Since slabs with a thickness of 160 mm and 220 mm are most common in private construction, we will give their weight by running meter for board width 1500 mm: 
Here is a bunch of some standard plates: 
Plate marking
According to GOST, all types of plates have their own standards. Their observance is necessary in the design of objects and in installation calculations. Each slab has a marking - a special encrypted inscription that reflects not only dimensions products, but also its main strength and design characteristics. Having dealt with the meanings of one brand of slabs, you can easily read the rest, regardless of whether the dimensions of the slab are standard or custom-made.
The first letters in the specification indicate the type of construction (PK, PNO, PB, PPS). Further, through a hyphen, there is a listing of the values of length and width (in decimeters, rounded to an integer), and again through a hyphen - the maximum allowable weight load on the structure, in centners per m 2, excluding its own weight (only the weight of partitions, interior decoration, furniture equipment, people). At the end, a letter addition is possible, indicating additional reinforcement and the type of concrete (t - heavy, l - light, i - cellular) 
Consider an example and decipher the marking. Slab specification PK-60-15-8AtVt means:
- PC - plate with round voids;
- 60 - length 6 m (60 dm);
- 15 - width 1.5 m (15 dm);
- 8 - mechanically it is possible to load the structure up to 800 kg per m 2;
- AtV - the presence of additional reinforcement (class AtV)
- t - made of heavy concrete.
The height of the product is not indicated, because. refers to the standard dimension of this product (220 mm).
Also, the letters in the marking inform:
- PC - standard plate with round voids,
- HB - single-row reinforcement;
- NKV - double-row reinforcement;
- 4NVK - four-row reinforcement.
Useful video
A representative of one of the factories talks about the size of the products:
This article is introductory and provides a general overview reinforced concrete floors. Given the impressive weight of the structures, when using them, it is desirable to carry out an engineering calculation of the foundations and bearing walls, taking into account the required margin of safety.
The construction of buildings for any purpose can be greatly facilitated by using standard unified elements. Floor slabs are considered to be one of the main building units. In our article we will talk about reinforced concrete floor slab structures.
This is the most common and economical option, which has significant advantages over other materials. The range of concrete slabs is also quite wide, which will allow you to vary the size and find a solution for any architectural task.
Why choose reinforced concrete
There are advantages to using each of the existing building materials. Choosing the right one, it is necessary, first of all, to focus on the type of building and the tasks assigned to it. Wooden coverings they are more flexible, lighter in weight and natural in origin, but also very susceptible to pests and have a shorter service life compared to concrete varieties. In addition, it makes sense to take into account the difference in and concrete.
Classification of products is carried out according to all indicators:
- Construction type.
- Dimensions.
- The class of fittings used.
- Kind of concrete.
- Additional resistance to external influences.
- Design features.
In order to have an idea about all options and , let's consider each of the above parameters separately in a little more detail.
Construction type according to GOST classification
The standard size of the product must be indicated by capital letters, the maximum number of which should not exceed three units.
Learn about hollow core slabs and their technical specifications can be from the article. About possible options for filling openings between floor slabs, what to choose a foam block or gas block and which material is better, you can.
The main designations of the type of construction of reinforced concrete products:
| Item No.: | Symbol: | Product name: |
| 1. | FROM | Piles. |
| 2. | F | Foundations (columnar, tiled). |
| 3. | FL | Foundations are tape. |
| 4. | FD | Foundations for equipment. |
| 5. | FB | foundation blocks. |
| 6. | bf | Foundation beams. |
| 7. | To | Columns. |
| 8. | EC | Column racks (for pipelines). |
| 9. | R | Crossbars. |
| 10. | B | Beams (general designation). |
| 11. | BC | Beams for cranes. |
| 12. | BO | Strapping beams. |
| 13. | BP | Rafter beams. |
| 14. | BS | Rafter beams. |
| 15. | BE | Beams under overpasses. |
| 16. | BT | Beams of tunnels. |
| 17. | FP | Truss farms. |
| 18. | FS | Truss farms. |
| 19. | P | Floor slabs are monolithic. |
| 20. | PD | Plates of the bottoms of tunnels and channels for communications. |
| 21. | Fri | Floor slabs of tunnels and channels for communications. |
| 22. | OK | Channel trays. |
| 23. | PC | Floor pits with round voids. |
| 24. | PP | Parapet tiles. |
| 25. | ON | Tiles for windows. |
| 26. | OP | Support cushions. |
| 27. | LM | Flights of stairs. |
| 28. | LP | Staircases. |
| 29. | LS | Stair steps. |
| 30. | LB | Stair beams, stringers. |
| 31. | Sat | Wall blocks. |
| 32. | SBC | Wall blocks are socle. |
| 33. | PS | Wall panels. |
| 34. | PG | Partition panels. |
| 35. | ETC | Jumpers. |
| 36. | ST | Walls for supports. |
| 37. | W | Reinforced concrete sleepers for the railway. |
| 38. | T | Reinforced concrete non-pressure socket pipes. |
| 39. | TF | Reinforced concrete non-pressure seam pipes. |
| 40. | TN | Vibrohydropressed reinforced concrete pressure pipes. |
| 41. | BT | Concrete pipes. |
You can choose suitable products according to the main purpose. If the design can have several standard sizes, letter designation may be supplemented with a number. Therefore, for reinforced concrete floor slabs with round voids, the product marking will begin with "PC", monolithic structures"P", the remaining designations will be deciphered further.
You can learn more about which ones are needed by reading the article.
additional information
For products intended for use in more than difficult conditions operation, there is also a special classification according to the type of prestressing reinforcement, which is used in the manufacture of the structure. Concrete mortar is also sometimes marked.
Any block house has wall partitions, you can learn about those from wall blocks from the article.
The main types of concrete:
Concrete is also classified according to its resistance to aggressive environments. This indicator is usually used to indicate the permeability of the finished concrete layer. It is used in special construction, and for the construction of individual houses, it is sufficient to use concrete with normal permeability.
Main overall dimensions of hollow core slabs:
| № p/n: | Plate brand: | Product length, mm: | Product width, mm: | Weight, t: | Volume, m³: |
| 1. | PC 17-10.8 | 1680 | 990 | 0,49 | 0,36 |
| 2. | PC 17-12.8 | 1680 | 1190 | 0,61 | 0,44 |
| 3. | PC 17-15.8 | 1680 | 1490 | 0,65 | 0,55 |
| 4. | PC 18-10.8 | 1780 | 990 | 0,38 | 0,38 |
| 5. | PC 18-12.8 | 1780 | 1190 | 0,65 | 0,46 |
| 6. | PC 18-15.8 | 1780 | 1490 | 0,86 | 0,58 |
| 7. | PC 19-10.8 | 1880 | 990 | 0,55 | 0,4 |
| 8. | PC 19-12.8 | 1880 | 1190 | 0,69 | 0,49 |
| 9. | PC 19-15.8 | 1880 | 1490 | 0,9 | 0,62 |
| 10. | PC 20-10.8 | 1980 | 990 | 0,61 | 0,44 |
| 11. | PC 20-12.8 | 1980 | 1190 | 0,76 | 0,54 |
| 12. | PC 20-15.8 | 1980 | 1490 | 1,0 | 0,68 |
| 13. | PC 21-10.8 | 2080 | 990 | 0,65 | 0,475 |
| 14. | PC 21-12.8 | 2080 | 1190 | 0,8 | 0,571 |
| 15. | PC 21-15.8 | 2080 | 1490 | 0,97 | 0,71 |
| 16. | PC 22-10.8 | 2180 | 990 | 0,725 | 0,497 |
| 17. | PC 22-12.8 | 2180 | 1190 | 0,85 | 0,6 |
| 18. | PC 22-15.8 | 2180 | 1490 | 1,15 | 0,751 |
| 19. | PC 23-10.8 | 2280 | 990 | 0,785 | 0,52 |
| 20. | PC 23-12.8 | 2280 | 1190 | 0,95 | 0,62 |
| 21. | PC 23-15.8 | 2280 | 1490 | 1,179 | 0,78 |
| 22. | PC 24-10.8 | 2380 | 990 | 0,745 | 0,56 |
| 23. | PC 24-12.8 | 2380 | 1190 | 0,905 | 0,68 |
| 24. | PC 24-15.8 | 2380 | 1490 | 1,25 | 0,78 |
| 25. | PC 26-10.8 | 2580 | 990 | 0,825 | 0,56 |
| 26. | PC 26-12.8 | 2580 | 1190 | 0,975 | 0,68 |
| 27. | PC 26-15.8 | 2580 | 1490 | 1,325 | 0,84 |
| 28. | PC 27-10.8 | 2680 | 990 | 0,83 | 0,58 |
| 29. | PC 27-12.8 | 2680 | 1190 | 1,01 | 0,7 |
| 30. | PC 27-15.8 | 2680 | 1490 | 1,395 | 0,87 |
| 31. | PC 28-10.8 | 2780 | 990 | 0,875 | 0,61 |
| 32. | PC 28-12.8 | 2780 | 1190 | 1,05 | 0,73 |
| 33. | PC 28-15.8 | 2780 | 1490 | 1,425 | 0,91 |
| 34. | PC 30-10.8 | 2980 | 990 | 0,915 | 0,65 |
| 35. | PC 30-12.8 | 2980 | 1190 | 1,11 | 0,78 |
| 36. | PC 30-15.8 | 2980 | 1490 | 1,425 | 0,98 |
| 37. | PC 32-10.8 | 3180 | 990 | 0,975 | 0,69 |
| 38. | PC 32-12.8 | 3180 | 1190 | 1,2 | 0,83 |
| 39. | PC 32-15.8 | 3180 | 1490 | 1,6 | 1,04 |
| 40. | PC 33-10.8 | 3280 | 990 | 1,0 | 0,71 |
| 41. | PC 33-12.8 | 3280 | 1190 | 1,3 | 0,86 |
| 42. | PC 33-15.8 | 3280 | 1490 | 1,625 | 1,08 |
| 43. | PC 34-10.8 | 3380 | 990 | 1,05 | 0,74 |
| 44. | PC 34-12.8 | 3380 | 1190 | 1,24 | 0,88 |
| 45. | PC 34-15.8 | 3380 | 1490 | 1,675 | 1,11 |
| 46. | PC 36-10.8 | 3580 | 990 | 1,075 | 0,78 |
| 47. | PC 36-12.8 | 3580 | 1190 | 1,32 | 0,94 |
| 48. | PC 36-15.8 | 3580 | 1490 | 1,75 | 1,17 |
| 49. | PC 38-10.8 | 3780 | 990 | 1,15 | 0,82 |
| 50. | PC 38-12.8 | 3780 | 1190 | 1,39 | 0,99 |
| 51. | PC 38-15.8 | 3780 | 1490 | 1,75 | 1,24 |
| 52. | PC 39-10.8 | 3880 | 990 | 1,2 | 0,85 |
| 53. | PC 39-12.8 | 3880 | 1190 | 1,43 | 1,02 |
| 54. | PC 39-15.8 | 3880 | 1490 | 1,8 | 1,27 |
| 55. | PC 40-10.8 | 3980 | 990 | 1,2 | 0,87 |
| 56. | PC 40-12.8 | 3980 | 1190 | 1,475 | 1,04 |
| 57. | PC 40-15.8 | 3980 | 1490 | 1,92 | 1,3 |
| 58. | PC 42-10.8 | 4180 | 990 | 1,26 | 0,91 |
| 59. | PC 42-12.8 | 4180 | 1190 | 1,525 | 1,09 |
| 60. | PC 42-15.8 | 4180 | 1490 | 1,97 | 1,37 |
| 61. | PC 43-10.8 | 4280 | 990 | 1,26 | 0,93 |
| 62. | PC 43-12.8 | 4280 | 1190 | 1,57 | 1,12 |
| 63. | PC 43-15.8 | 4280 | 1490 | 2,0 | 1,4 |
| 64. | PC 44-10.8 | 4380 | 990 | 1,29 | 0,95 |
| 65. | PC 44-12.8 | 4380 | 1190 | 1,61 | 1,15 |
| 66. | PC 44-15.8 | 4380 | 1490 | 2,06 | 1,44 |
| 67. | PC 45-10.8 | 4480 | 990 | 1,33 | 0,98 |
| 68. | PC 45-12.8 | 4480 | 1190 | 1,62 | 1,17 |
| 69. | PC 45-15.8 | 4480 | 1490 | 2,11 | 1,47 |
| 70. | PC 48-10.8 | 4780 | 990 | 1,425 | 1,04 |
| 71. | PC 48-12.8 | 4780 | 1190 | 1,725 | 1,25 |
| 72. | PC 48-18.8 | 4780 | 1490 | 2,25 | 1,57 |
| 73. | PC 51-10.8 | 5080 | 990 | 1,475 | 1,11 |
| 74. | PC 51-12.8 | 5080 | 1190 | 1,825 | 1,33 |
| 75. | PC 51-15.8 | 5080 | 1490 | 2,475 | 1,67 |
| 76. | PC 52-10.8 | 5180 | 990 | 1,53 | 1,13 |
| 77. | PC 52-12.8 | 5180 | 1190 | 1,9 | 1,36 |
| 78. | PC 52-15.8 | 5180 | 1490 | 2,42 | 1,7 |
| 79. | PC 53-10.8 | 5280 | 990 | 1,6 | 1,13 |
| 80. | PC 53-12.8 | 5280 | 1190 | 1,91 | 1,38 |
| 81. | PC 53-15.8 | 5280 | 1490 | 2,46 | 1,73 |
| 82. | PC 54-10.8 | 5380 | 990 | 1,6 | 1,17 |
| 83. | PC 54-12.8 | 5380 | 1190 | 1,95 | 1,41 |
| 84. | PC 54-15.8 | 5380 | 1490 | 2,525 | 1,76 |
| 85. | PC 56-10.8 | 5580 | 990 | 1,65 | 1,22 |
| 86. | PC 56-12.8 | 5580 | 1190 | 2,01 | 1,46 |
| 87. | PC 56-15.8 | 5580 | 1490 | 2,6 | 1,85 |
| 88. | PC 57-10.8 | 5680 | 990 | 1,675 | 1,24 |
| 89. | PC 57-12.8 | 5680 | 1190 | 2,05 | 1,49 |
| 90. | PC 57-15.8 | 5680 | 1490 | 2,75 | 1,86 |
| 91. | PC 58-10.8 | 5780 | 990 | 1,71 | 1,24 |
| 92. | PC 58-12.8 | 5780 | 1190 | 2,07 | 1,51 |
| 93. | PC 58-15.8 | 5780 | 1490 | 2,73 | 1,89 |
| 94. | PC 59-10.8 | 5880 | 990 | 1,775 | 1,26 |
| 95. | PC 59-12.8 | 5880 | 1190 | 2,11 | 1,54 |
| 96. | PC 59-15.8 | 5880 | 1490 | 2,825 | 1,93 |
| 97. | PC 60-10.8 | 5980 | 990 | 1,775 | 1,3 |
| 98. | PC 60-12.8 | 5980 | 1190 | 2,15 | 1,57 |
| 99. | PC 60-15.8 | 5980 | 1490 | 2,8 | 1,96 |
| 100. | PC 62-10.8 | 6180 | 990 | 1,83 | 1,35 |
| 101. | PC 62-12.8 | 6180 | 1190 | 2,21 | 1,62 |
| 102. | PC 62-15.8 | 6180 | 1490 | 2,91 | 2,03 |
| 103. | PC 63-10.8 | 6280 | 990 | 1,86 | 1,37 |
| 104. | PC 63-12.8 | 6280 | 1190 | 2,25 | 1,65 |
| 105. | PC 63-15.8 | 6280 | 1490 | 3,0 | 2,09 |
| 106. | PC 64-10.8 | 6380 | 990 | 1,88 | 1,39 |
| 107. | PC 64-12.8 | 6380 | 1190 | 2,26 | 1,67 |
| 108. | PC 64-15.8 | 6380 | 1490 | 3,0 | 2,09 |
| 109. | PC 65-10.8 | 6480 | 990 | 1,9 | 1,41 |
| 110. | PC 65-12.8 | 6480 | 1190 | 2,29 | 1,7 |
| 111. | PC 65-15.8 | 6480 | 1490 | 3,02 | 2,12 |
| 112. | PC 66-10.8 | 6580 | 990 | 1,94 | 1,43 |
| 113. | PC 66-12.8 | 6580 | 1190 | 2,32 | 1,72 |
| 114. | PC 66-15.8 | 6580 | 1490 | 3,1 | 2,16 |
| 115. | PC 67-10.8 | 6680 | 990 | 1,96 | 1,45 |
| 116. | PC 67-12.8 | 6680 | 1190 | 2,44 | 1,75 |
| 117. | PC 67-15.8 | 6680 | 1490 | 3,23 | 2,19 |
| 118. | PC 68-10.8 | 6780 | 990 | 2,01 | 1,48 |
| 119. | PC 68-12.8 | 6780 | 1190 | 2,5 | 1,79 |
| 120. | PC 68-15.8 | 6780 | 1490 | 3,3 | 2,25 |
| 121. | PC 69-12.8 | 6880 | 1190 | 2,54 | 1,78 |
| 122. | PC 69-15.8 | 6880 | 1490 | 3,16 | 2,22 |
| 123. | PC 70-10.8 | 6980 | 990 | 2,06 | 1,52 |
| 124. | PC 70-12.8 | 6980 | 1190 | 2,46 | 1,83 |
| 125. | PC 70-15.8 | 6980 | 1490 | 3,27 | 2,29 |
| 126. | PC 72-10.8 | 7180 | 990 | 2,12 | 1,56 |
| 127. | PC 72-12.8 | 7180 | 1190 | 2,53 | 1,88 |
| 128. | PC 72-15.8 | 7180 | 1490 | 3,36 | 2,35 |
| 129. | PC 73-12.8 | 7280 | 1190 | 2,64 | 1,91 |
| 130. | PC 73-15.8 | 7280 | 1490 | 3,41 | 2,39 |
| 131. | PC 74-12.8 | 7380 | 1190 | 2,67 | 1,93 |
| 132. | PC 74-15.8 | 7380 | 1490 | 3,45 | 2,42 |
| 133. | PC 75-12.8 | 7480 | 1190 | 2,8 | 1,96 |
| 134. | PC 75-15.8 | 7480 | 1490 | 3,49 | 2,45 |
| 135. | PC 76-12.8 | 7580 | 1190 | 2,74 | 1,98 |
| 136. | PC 76-15.8 | 7580 | 1490 | 3,53 | 2,48 |
| 137. | PC 77-12.8 | 7680 | 1190 | 2,78 | 2,01 |
| 138. | PC 77-15.8 | 7680 | 1490 | 3,59 | 2,52 |
| 139. | PC 78-12.8 | 7780 | 1190 | 2,82 | 2,04 |
| 140. | PC 78-15.8 | 7780 | 1490 | 3,83 | 2,55 |
| 141. | PC 79-12.8 | 7880 | 1190 | 2,85 | 2,06 |
| 142. | PC 79-15.8 | 7880 | 1490 | 3,68 | 2,58 |
| 143. | PC 80-12.8 | 7980 | 1190 | 3,063 | 2,09 |
| 144. | PC 80-15.8 | 7980 | 1490 | 3,73 | 2,62 |
| 145. | PC 81-12.8 | 8080 | 1190 | 3,1 | 2,12 |
| 146. | PC 81-15.8 | 8080 | 1490 | 3,78 | 2,65 |
| 147. | PC 82-12.8 | 8180 | 1190 | 2,95 | 2,14 |
| 148. | PC 82-15.8 | 8180 | 1490 | 3,82 | 2,68 |
| 149. | PC 83-12.8 | 8280 | 1190 | 2,99 | 2,17 |
| 150. | PC 83-15.8 | 8280 | 1490 | 3,86 | 2,71 |
| 151. | PC 84-12.8 | 8380 | 1190 | 3,02 | 2,19 |
| 152. | PC 84-15.8 | 8380 | 1490 | 3,92 | 2,75 |
| 153. | PC 85-12.8 | 8480 | 1190 | 3,06 | 2,22 |
| 154. | PC 85-15.8 | 8480 | 1490 | 3,96 | 2,78 |
| 155. | PC 86-12.8 | 8580 | 1190 | 3,3 | 2,25 |
| 156. | PC 86-15.8 | 8580 | 1490 | 4,0 | 2,81 |
| 157. | PC 87-12.8 | 8680 | 1190 | 3,13 | 2,27 |
| 158. | PC 87-15.8 | 8680 | 1490 | 4,06 | 2,85 |
| 159. | PC 88-12.8 | 8780 | 1190 | 3,16 | 2,3 |
| 160. | PC 88-15.8 | 8780 | 1490 | 4,1 | 2,88 |
| 161. | PC 89-12.8 | 8880 | 1190 | 3,17 | 2,32 |
| 162. | PC 89-15.8 | 8880 | 1490 | 4,15 | 2,91 |
| 163. | PC 90-12.8 | 8980 | 1190 | 3,2 | 2,35 |
| 164. | PC 90-15.8 | 8980 | 1490 | 4,2 | 2,94 |
The last designation, the number "8" at the end of the marking, indicates the design load, which is standard for residential buildings 800 kgf / m².
Floor slabs are called horizontal structures, which perform the function of interfloor or attic partitions installed between the roof and last floor at home. AT modern construction usually they resort to installing concrete floors, and it does not matter at all how many levels the building has. In this article, we will consider the types and sizes of floor slabs that are most often used on construction sites. These products make up the bulk of the products that are produced at the reinforced concrete plants.
Design purpose
The load-bearing structures are made from heavy or lightweight concrete, and reinforce their structure with the help of reinforcement, which gives strength to products. On the modern market building materials, all standard types of reinforced concrete slabs are presented, which can be divided into several categories depending on their width, length, weight, and others no less important parameters affecting the main characteristics of products.
The most common method for classifying concrete panels is to classify them according to their cross-sectional type. There are also several more distinctive characteristics, which we will definitely consider in our article.
Hollow Reinforced Concrete Panels PC
These are one of the most common types of products produced at reinforced concrete factories, which are equally well suited for the construction of private and high-rise building. Also, multi-hollow PC products are widely used in the construction of massive industrial buildings, with their help provide protection of heating mains.
Hollow-core floor slabs are characterized by the presence of voids The even flat surface, which round-hollow reinforced concrete panels have, allows you to mount reliable ceilings between floors that can withstand impressive loads. This design provided with cavities various shapes and diameter, which are:
- round;
- oval;
- semicircular.
Technological voids, which are filled with air during installation, are in high demand due to this feature, which indicates the advantages of just this configuration of blocks. To undeniable merits PC refers to:
- Significant savings in raw materials, which reduces the cost of the finished product.
- High coefficient of thermal and noise insulation, improving performance characteristics the buildings.
- Hollow core panels are great solution for laying communication lines (wires, pipes).
Reinforced concrete structures of this type can be conditionally divided into subgroups, and then we will tell you what round-hollow floors are and on what grounds they can be attributed to one or another subgroup. This information will be important for right choice material depending technological requirements construction.
The slabs differ in the way they are installed: 1 PKT has three support sides, while 1 PKK can be laid on all four sides..
It is also necessary to pay attention to the size of internal voids - than smaller diameter holes, the more durable and stronger round-hollow panels. For example, samples 2PKT and 1 PKK have the same width, thickness, length and number of supporting sides, however, in the first case, the diameter of the hollow holes is 140 mm, and in the second, 159 mm.
As for the strength of products manufactured by factories, their thickness is directly affected by the thickness, which on average is 22 cm. There are more massive panels with a thickness of 30 cm, and when pouring lightweight samples, this parameter is observed within 16 cm, while in most cases lightweight concrete is used.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the bearing capacity of PC products. For the most part, PC hollow core slabs, according to generally accepted standards, withstand a load of 800 kg / m2. For the construction of massive industrial buildings, slabs made of stressed concrete are used, this parameter is increased to a design value of 1200-1250 kg / m2. The calculated load is a weight exceeding the same value of the product itself.
Manufacturers produce reinforced concrete panels in standard sizes, but sometimes the parameters can vary significantly. The length of PCs can vary between 1.5m - 1.6m, and their width is 1m, 1.2m, 1.5m and 1.8m. The lightest and smallest ceilings weigh less than half a ton, while the most massive and heavy samples weigh 4,000 kg.
Round-hollow structures are very convenient to use, because the developer always has the opportunity to select the material required size, and this is another secret of the popularity of this product. Having familiarized ourselves with the most common PC products, which include hollow core slabs, having considered their types and sizes, we suggest moving on to other products of a similar purpose.
Prefabricated ribbed (U-shaped) panels
These reinforced concrete structures got their name due to a special configuration with two longitudinal stiffeners, and they are used in the construction of non-residential premises and as load-bearing elements for laying heating plants and water supply networks. To strengthen reinforced concrete products at the stage of their pouring, reinforcement is carried out, which, coupled with a special shape, leads to savings in raw materials, gives them special strength and endows them with resistance to bending. It is not customary to install them as jumpers between floors for a residential building, since here you will have to face an unaesthetic ceiling, which is quite difficult to supply with communications and sheathe with cladding. There are also subspecies here, let's consider what differences the products within the same group have.
Ribbed plate construction is highly durable
First and main distinguishing feature U-shaped structures lies in their size, or rather, in terms of height, which is 30 or 40 cm. In the first case, we are faced with products that are used in the construction of public buildings and as lintels between the top floor of the house and attic space. For massive large-sized commercial and industrial buildings, slabs with a height of 40 cm are usually chosen. The width of the ribbed ceilings can be 1.5 or 3 m (for more durable samples), and their weight varies between 1.5 - 3 tons (in rare cases up to 7 tons). Precast ribbed concrete slabs are characterized by the following lengths:
- 12 m
- 18 m (rare).
Fully built-in structures
If it is necessary to obtain a particularly strong overlap between the floors of the house, they resort to the help of solid jumpers, since they can easily withstand a load of 1000-3000 kgf / m2, and they are used mainly in the installation of multi-storey buildings.
Solid jumpers allow you to mount a high-strength floor Such products have disadvantages, because their weight for relatively small dimensions is quite impressive: standard samples weigh from 600 kg to 1500 kg. They also have rather weak indicators of thermal and noise insulation, which does not allow them to adequately compete with hollow PC samples. The length of this type of panels ranges from 1.8 m to 5 m, and the thickness is 12 or 16 cm.
Monolithic structures
Previous and given species panels have the same scope and are installed where there is a need to create a strong building that can withstand overload. Such a partition does not contain cavities and is created directly on the construction site according to the available accurate calculations, so it can take on any configuration and size, limited only by the area of the object being built.
In the article, we described in detail what types of floor panels are, what standard sizes they have and where they are used most often, so you can choose the necessary products for the upcoming construction and get a solid durable structure that can last you at least a century.
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