The wiring diagram is an accurate drawing containing a plan of all rooms with an accurate indication of the power supply elements and distribution groups.
Comment. For convenience, all consumers should be divided into separate groups. Each group must be connected to a separate machine. This will help to avoid a complete power outage in the house, if repairs are needed in one of the rooms. Plus, if you make one group and connect it to one machine, you will need a cable of very high power, since there are very large loads when several devices are connected to the network at the same time.
Most often, consumers are divided into the following groups:
- Supply of electricity to living rooms;
- Supply of electricity to the kitchen and corridor;
- Room lighting;
- Electricity supply for electric stoves;
The electric stove is allocated to a separate group to prevent overloads in the electrical network.
- Electricity supply for the bathroom.
The bathroom is separated into a separate group. Due to the high humidity in the toilet and bath, special requirements are placed on electrical wiring.
Now that the consumers are divided into groups, the main consumer connection points should be marked (, air conditioner, dishwasher, water heater, etc.).
The next step is to determine the location of the sockets, junction boxes, lights and switches. We carefully connect all electrical circuits and do not forget to put down the length of the wires.
Comment:
- Wires can run horizontally and vertically, only at right angles!
- First of all, we make a draft version of the circuit, carefully check the connections, and only after that we create a final version.
- It is advisable to make a diagram of each group on a separate sheet.
- It is necessary to make a wiring plan in at least two copies, as it may be needed more than once. The best option would be the scheme in electronic form.
An exact plan of the premises is created on the finishing sheets. Be sure to sign the dimensions. All electrical points should be marked with special symbols. Next, we connect them with lines that indicate the wires.
For the best reading of the diagram, it is necessary to highlight the power cables, ground wires and lighting wires in different colors. It is mandatory to mark all the distances from the wires to the walls, floor, ceiling, heating systems, as well as the linear dimensions of the rooms.
Comment. To increase safety, it is necessary to install a residual current device on all distribution groups (individually)!
Necessary materials and tools
List of tools, materials and other supplies you may need:
- Screwdrivers.
- Wire stripper.
- indicator screwdriver.
- Pliers.
- Gloves.
- Drill.
- Perforator.
- Crown for concrete (for drilling holes for sockets and switches of a certain diameter).
- Bulgarian with a disc for concrete.
- A hammer.
- Plastic dowels with self-tapping screws, in order to fix the mounting box under the switch and socket.
- Mounting boxes.
- Pads for installing sockets and switches with external wiring.
- Wires (copper or aluminum).
- Electrical cable.
- Junction box.
- Residual current device.
- Counter.
- Machine.
Brief information
Today, only copper wires are used in houses, since it is absolutely impossible to use aluminum wires for hidden wiring.
There are two types of wires and cables: solid and stranded. They differ in the number of cores isolated from each other. The cores of wires and cables are single-wire and multi-wire. Wires are selected depending on the load.
Comment. Do not save on materials, cheap materials quickly fail!
Bottom wiring
- First, be sure to check the wiring diagram and calculations;
- The distance from the floor must be at least 10 cm;
- You can not make bevels, all wires must be located at right angles;
- The wires must never cross;
- Wires must run at a distance of at least 10 cm from window frames and doorways;
- Connections must be strong;
- It is strictly forbidden to have uninsulated, bare sections of wire, broken sockets and switches !!!
- should be left to a qualified electrician.
Step by step wiring guide
General information on the installation of external and hidden wiring
When installing electrical wiring in a house, the following condition must be met: a power cable must be connected to a common electrical panel. The electrical panel itself must contain groups of circuit breakers and a residual current device (it is better to entrust this type of work to an electrician.
Since working at high voltage is extremely dangerous, and there is also a chance to run into a fine). From the electrical panel, the wiring passes to residential and non-residential premises.
Reference. Initially, three phases, 0 and ground, are supplied to the machines. Further, phase, zero and ground are connected to the sockets and the switch. Three phases are needed in order to distribute the load.
Comment. For the bathroom and kitchen, you should stretch the line separately.
Each line is divided into two groups of wires, one stretches to sockets, the other to sources.
Wiring diagram in the house
Installation of hidden electrical wiring
The correct cable size must be selected.
Comment. To select the desired section, you should:
- Find out the maximum power in the electrical network;
- Calculate the power consumption of all electrical appliances that are or will be in the house.
Example: If the wiring in the room is made with a 3x1.5 wire, then the maximum power of all devices that are used in this place should not exceed 4 kW.
Comment. It should be remembered that in the places where the cable is connected to each other, an additional 11-16 cm of length will be required!
According to the scheme, we make strobes(slits) under the wires with a hammer and a grinder with a diamond disc:
- We begin to lead the wire from the machines to the sockets and switches. The depth of the strobe is approximately 2-3 cm, the width is 2-2.5 cm.
- Using a puncher and a circular saw, we cut out holes for sockets and switches:
- We cut the wires to the desired lengths and make a section;
- We lay the wires in the strobes;
We prepare the building mixture. Dilute the dry mixture with water until a homogeneous mass is obtained and apply to the wall with a spatula, after drying, all irregularities should be removed with a foam grater.
An example of wiring layout in an apartment
Installation of outdoor wiring
Installation of external wiring is carried out only if it is impossible to make hidden wiring.
The process of performing this type of work is practically no different from the previous one, except that the wires are not laid in strobes, but in a plastic cable channel.
A few mandatory rules when installing open wiring:
- The cable is laid only at a right angle;
- The wires must not cross;
- Cable location from door jambs and window frames - at least 10 cm;
Installation of sockets and switches
Location of elements:
- The switches are located to the left of the doorway at a height of 80-90 cm from the floor;
- Sockets should be placed at a height of 30 cm from the floor;
- Wiring to sockets should be from below, to switches - from above.
Basic actions:
- We connect the wires where there are places of input, output of boxes, switches, sockets. This can be done by crimping or welding.
- If exposed mounting, then usefrom materials that do not conduct electricity. They need to be fixed with screws, glue and self-tapping screws.
Comment. There is a rule for switches: they are installed in a break in the phase wire.
- We mount the installation boxes in the recesses of the wall, we install sockets and switches in them.
Comment. In order to make recesses, special nozzles are used for different wall materials, which are installed on a perforator. They are different in size. You should select the ones suitable for your S. Installation boxes (junction boxes) are needed in order to branch the wire (one end will go to the outlet or switch, the other further).
- We fix the junction box securely.
- Installing sockets. We insert the wires into the terminals and carefully fix them.
- We insert the socket into the installation box and fasten it with screws using the mounting plate. An overhead socket is installed on top of the wall.
- Further on the principle of installing sockets making switches.
Introduction of electrical wiring into operation
It is necessary to put the wiring into operation gradually, that is, it is necessary to check all distribution groups, all machines one by one. First one - turn on, check and move on to the next.
Important! All elements of the electrical network must be in good condition; in the event of a breakdown of one of the elements, it should be replaced immediately.
Do-it-yourself wiring in a private house
Typical mistakes when performing this type of work
- Mixing high and low voltage wires in one mounting box.
- Incorrect calculations of the load in the electrical network.
Important! Incorrect connection of wires and incorrect calculations of the load in the network can lead to ignition of the wiring, fire.
- Hidden mounting boxes. They should be easily accessible when needed!
- Do not mix lighting and ordinary wires. They have a different section! This may cause a fire!
- Small gap between wires and wooden elements.
Safety regulations
- When you start wiring work, it is necessary to turn off the power in the electrical circuit;
- The tools used during the work must be with an insulating coating on the handles (mark on the handles - 1000 V);
- Make sure the electricity is really off using special devices;
- Must be replaced: damaged plugs, cables and couplings;
- When working with electrical appliances, do not forget to remove the plugs from the sockets;
- Work with input voltage, grounding, junction boxes, counter and fuses should be entrusted to a specialist - an electrician;
- Be sure to attach a warning sign to the electrical box.
- When buying sockets and switches, check availability of documents for the goods;
- Don't skimp on small items such as sockets, switches, etc.
- Carefully calculate the power consumption of all appliances located in the apartment;
- Determine how many sockets can be made, follows using the ratio of 1 element per four linear meters of the wall;
- To power powerful consumers, wires with a cross section of 6.0 mm2 are usually used. For example, for an electric stove.
- A good option would be to install circuit breakers for each line of wiring;
- In the bathrooms installation of sockets is prohibited! Exception: the elements are connected through a special isolating transformer;
- When there are several parallel wires, it is worth placing them at a distance of at least 3 - 5 mm;
- Ground wires at the entry point must be connected by welding;
- When installing electrical wiring yourself, you should correctly calculate your strength (you may need to use the services of an electrician).
When working with electricity, it is extremely important to follow a number of rules and precautions, since electric current can harm human health and life. That is why when installing the wiring in the house with your own hands, it is important to remember them and be well aware of the features of handling conductive devices.
Safety basics
Types of wiring
For laying indoors, 2 types of wiring are used: open and hidden. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages and this must be taken into account when choosing.
Open wiring can be pulled anywhere on the wall, since it is covered with special boxes and protective elements for convenience and safety. There is always access to it for repair or connection of additional elements of the electrical network. However, this view does not look very aesthetically pleasing indoors, and it is undesirable to decorate it with wallpaper or cornices - this increases the risk of fire. This method is used only if it is not possible to lay the cables in a closed method.
Hidden wiring is hidden in special strobes that break through the walls. Sometimes the nets are placed in boxes and hidden under plaster or other wall finishes. In the future, this type of wiring is difficult to repair, because finding a damaged area is quite problematic, for this it is necessary to carefully dismantle the coating and only then carry out repair work. If you have a closed installation, then when drilling the walls it is important not to damage the cables. This method does not spoil the appearance of the walls during operation, but with each repair you need to be prepared for additional costs for restoring the coating.
Often, a combined type of laying is used, when important connections are left in sight, and the rest of the wires are hidden in strobes.
Preparation for work
Before starting work, a detailed wiring diagram and the location of electrical appliances are drawn up. The main elements here are:
- wires;
- counters;
- protective devices, fuses and relays;
- mounting or assembly boxes.
Additionally, they also purchase adapters for connecting wires, insulating tape and testers. From the tools you will need screwdrivers with indicators, pliers, a grinder and dielectric gloves, in which it is necessary to work on connecting cables.
House wiring installation
Work begins with the installation of the meter, then protective devices are installed. After that, it is necessary to break through the strobes under the nets, this is done with the help of a grinder or a chisel. Wires are laid in the finished recesses and fastened with special loops. From above, everything is closed with a plaster or alabaster mixture.
In the case of open installation, the networks are attached directly to the walls with special wiring brackets, and then closed with boxes.
Note! In a wooden house, it is safer and easier to carry out open wiring.
For sockets and switches, recesses are made with a drill or puncher. Socket boxes are also attached with alabaster or putty. In the same way, boxes for connections and wiring are also attached. After connecting and connecting all the elements, it is necessary to check the health of the network.
Video
See below for wiring instructions:
A photo
Every home today has electricity. It is hard to imagine modern life without it. Therefore, during the construction of a new building, it is necessary to pay close attention to the electrical wiring in it. A similar requirement applies to the acquired private house, which was built many years ago. In most cases, professionals are hired to carry out such work. But in some buildings, the owners decide to do it themselves, so they need to know how to wire the house correctly. Also, this information will be useful in monitoring the processes performed by specialists.
Development of projects for different types of buildings
This stage is the initial one, and the entire wiring in the house depends on its correct implementation. Designers are involved in the development of schemes. In the future, projects are approved in special instances. Drawings are required for newly built houses. In addition, diagrams and specifications are required for buildings that are planned to undergo redevelopment, as a result of which the existing electrical wiring will be almost completely changed. Also, during the implementation of the extension of the additional floor, it is necessary to develop new power supply drawings. If it is planned to simply replace the existing electrical wiring, then it is not required to develop a project for this. You can use the one that exists and was used to create the structure.
Cable installation methods
To know how to conduct wiring in a house, it is necessary to study the two main options for today, it is laid open or closed. In the first case, the wire is laid on the surface of the main supporting structures. These include ceilings and walls. In the second option, strobes are used, which are recesses made with a special tool in the supporting structures. In the future, these elements are sealed with plaster. Pipes are also used for wiring. They can be plastic or steel. Their use allows you to protect the cable from possible mechanical damage. Today it is believed that the most correct wiring in the house, which is the safest, is the one made using the hidden mounting option.
Completing the object with the necessary material
In order to answer the question: "How to make wiring in the house?" - it is necessary to choose the right electric cable having a certain cross section, as well as to know its length. Building materials also include switches and sockets, junction boxes and fixtures, and meters. You must not forget about the cable channels, or you can use a corrugated pipe. In addition, you will need plaster and electrical tape.
Installer's package
When answering the question: "How to conduct wiring in the house?" - you must always remember to equip the person who will perform the tool. First of all, he will need to purchase a screwdriver, pliers, an indicator and wire cutters. Also, for successful work, you will need a drill or puncher, which must have special nozzles. They are necessary for drilling sockets used during the installation of switches and sockets.
If it was decided to carry out the wiring in a hidden way, then for such a process you will need a wall chaser. It is necessary to make a furrow that will be used to lay the cable in the wall of the building. Such a tool has two special discs that can cut a smooth depression in hard materials, such as brick or concrete. It also speeds up the installation process. When doing such work, you can get by with an ordinary grinder, but in this case there will be more dust, since the tool does not have a special assembly casing for it. In addition, the process will take a long time.
Wire selection
Be sure to study the question: "How to conduct wiring in the house?" - You need to pay close attention to the selection of the cable section. The main value for its determination is the total power of absolutely all electrical appliances in the building. In this case, it is necessary to provide for a power reserve. This will allow the cable not to overheat, even if all electrical appliances are turned on at the same time.
Currently, the wires for wiring in the house are selected as follows:
When a cable is selected and its wiring is carried out in the house, the execution scheme of which can be open or closed, it must be taken into account that for each unit that consumes a lot of electrical energy, it is necessary to create a separate line. It is also necessary to do this for computer equipment in order to reduce or completely avoid electromagnetic interference.
The length of all wires in the house depends not only on the overall dimensions of the building, but also on the materials used to create the electrical network. That is, they include the above switches, boxes, sockets, and so on. In addition, it must be taken into account that in places where the cables are connected, it is necessary to leave a margin of about 10 cm.
Start of installation work
Laying wiring in the house largely depends on the correct marking of the route. In order to carry out this process, it is necessary to take a cord of small thickness or twine, which will be rubbed with chalk. With their help, the cable trunk is marked. It is the main wire that runs from to the most distant and last outlet. It is only necessary to place the main cable horizontally at a height of approximately 150-250 mm from the ceiling level. In addition, at exactly the same distance, the main wire can be placed from the floor. Branches that go from the main cable to sockets, lamps and switches must be carried out with strict observance of their verticality.
If the wire is laid under a slope, then in this case, when performing any work, it can be very easily damaged. For example, this becomes relevant when the owner of the premises is going to hang cabinets from the kitchen set or paintings in the living room on the wall.
Selecting the number of sockets and switches
The main indicator that affects the number of devices designed to supply electricity or turn it off is the presence of electrical appliances in the house. So, for each lamp, one switch is usually installed. The number of outlets is selected based on the conditions of convenience for a person. Their calculation can be carried out according to the number of intended and used devices. So, for example, for kitchen areas there should be at least three of them.
Placement of sockets and switches for lighting fixtures
Each device for supplying electricity or turning it off is usually located on the wall. The points for their placement are at different heights from the floor. So, switches, when the cables are properly laid in the house, are usually located about one meter from the bottom surface of the room. There are no clear rules for this value, so each owner chooses it for himself on an individual basis. In addition, they must be located at a distance of 100 mm from the jamb of the doorway and always on the side where the handle is placed. As for sockets, there is also no exact height for their installation today. Usually such devices are placed from 300 to 800 mm from the floor. It all depends on the location of electrical appliances.
Chasing grooves for cables and electrical panels
Most often, work of this nature is performed when wiring is carried out in a panel house or in a building built of brick. During this stage of installation, there is always a lot of noise, as well as dust. For this reason, it is necessary to have ear protection, goggles and a respirator on hand. After selecting all the installation locations for switches, sockets, transfer boxes and electrical panels, which are marked with a pencil, chasing is performed. This process is carried out in two steps. If a grinder is used, then 2 strips are made side by side, the distance between which can vary from 1 to 5 cm, and the depth should be 20 mm. Basically, these values \u200b\u200bdepend directly on the number of wires laid in the future. After that, with the help of a perforator and a special nozzle, brick or concrete is removed between the two cut strips. To conduct an open cable laying method is used.
To create a niche for the shield, it is necessary to walk along the marked contour with a grinder, and then remove the wall material with a perforator. If the depth is insufficient on the first attempt, then you need to perform the whole process again and repeat it until there is enough space for installation.
Works on the installation of installation boxes
It is impossible to do without such a stage of work during the installation of the electrical network. Wiring in the house, the scheme of which was chosen at the preparatory stage, always involves the installation of transfer boxes. For this, dowels or gypsum are most often used. A device is inserted into a hole of the required depth prepared in advance with a crown, which is fixed with the above consumables. If initially it is not possible to fix the box using a dowel, then a gypsum mortar is used. A base is created from it, to which an element of the electrical network of the house is subsequently attached. It is necessary to use building gypsum, which has a setting time of up to three minutes. After applying it to the hole, you must immediately insert the installation box and immediately adjust it to the desired position.
Laying wires and fixing them
Cables must always be fixed in the building. It does not depend on how the wiring is done in the house. For strobes, two options are used: wet or dry. At the very beginning, one end of the cable is fixed in the installation box, while leaving about ten centimeters of margin. If there are several wires, then they are connected every 300 mm to each other using plastic fasteners. Using electrical tape or a separate piece of cable, a dowel is attached to them. A faster way is to use gypsum, only before that it is necessary to remove all dust from the strobe, and then prime it. First, smears are applied in the recess for the wire every 300-400 mm, and only then the cable is embedded in them.
The wiring of electricity in the house in an open way is carried out using cable channels, which are made of non-combustible materials. This option of fixing takes the minimum amount of effort from the performer.
Conclusion
Many people are interested in how to make wiring in the house. To be sure that all processes are carried out correctly, it is always necessary to contact specialists if the property owner does not have the necessary skills and knowledge. In no case should a person perform such responsible work in the absence of the required qualifications, because this can lead to irreversible consequences.
In the modern world, there are practically no apartments and private houses in which there would be no household appliances powered by electricity. The load on the power grid is enormous, so it is important to carry out the wiring, which will ensure the comfort and safety of living people. You can do this quickly with your own hands, if you follow all the necessary rules and regulations for installing electrical wiring.
In the absence of experience in electrical work and a vague idea of \u200b\u200belectricity, it is better to refrain from wiring. It is better to contact a highly qualified master who will quickly and efficiently perform all the necessary work on conducting electricity.
The initial stage of electrical wiring
In the process of conducting electrical wires, the following standards must be observed:
Ensuring free access to distribution boxes and electrical metering equipment.
Mounting sockets and switches is carried out at a height of one and a half meters from the floor surface, while ensuring free access to them. In order to protect young children, it is possible to purchase special plugs that are installed on sockets.
When opening the doors, the degree of accessibility to the equipment should not be reduced. The installation of one outlet is shown per 6 square meters.
Depending on the number of units of electrical equipment, sockets are mounted in the kitchen.
It is planned to use a separate transformer in the bathroom, which will work to lower the voltage and provide electrical power to household appliances. Equipment setup is shown outside of this room.
Cable laying must be clear, respecting the vertical, horizontal and diagonal position, while the power cord must not sag or bend. If this rule is ignored, then it becomes possible to damage the electrical cable during installation and installation work and using a puncher.
When laying horizontal cables, retreat from 5 to 10 centimeters from ceilings and cornice structures. A 15 cm distance is required from the floor and ceiling surfaces.
When installing vertical cables, a 10 cm indent from windows and doors and 40 cm from gas heating pipes is required.
To separate and connect electrical cables, the use of special boxes is shown.
Isolate any conductive electrical connection to help prevent possible short circuits and fires.
The prohibition of the connection of aluminum and copper wires.
indoor wiring diagrams
Any electrician in the house begins with a schematic drawing of future electrical wiring. It indicates where the cables will be laid, where electrical appliances, sockets, switches and other devices will be located. The diagram also indicates where lighting fixtures and household appliances will be located.
To simplify the wiring, electrical consumers are divided into several group categories in random order. Today there are consumers living in apartment buildings and private buildings.
You should carefully consider the distribution of electric current by different categories of consumers. This contributes to the simplification of the connection scheme, load distribution, and savings on consumables.
We determine the current and its strength
When planning electrical wiring, it is necessary to calculate the current strength. When determining the load indicator, it is easy to choose an automatic machine and a cable with the desired cross section. According to the standard, any house, regardless of whether it is multi-storey or single-storey, consumes electricity no more than 25 amperes, which is then distributed equally among all residents.
Determining the cable section
Before you find the wiring with your own hands, you need to determine the required cross-section of the electrical wire. This will keep the home and the people living in it safe.
If the wire has an inappropriate cross section, the network will be overloaded, the cable will overheat, a short circuit will occur, a fire will occur, all this will contribute to the appearance of victims.
It is necessary to take a wire with a margin of section and length. You should know that another 3-5 meters should be added to the calculated length in the calculations.
Instructions: how to make wiring with your own hands
When performing preliminary calculations and choosing the right scheme, problems with the installation will not occur. When performing all work, it is important to comply with safety regulations.
So, before you properly conduct the wiring, you need to markup. Using a bright marker, draw a line where the electrical cable will be laid. Next, they mark where the sockets, switches, lighting and household appliances will be located, the shield on which the switch will be located.
If necessary, the cable is fastened to the ceiling covering or inside the voids, followed by closing with a decorative ceiling covering.
The instructions for installing a new cable and for replacing the old wiring are the same. Only for the last option it is necessary to dismantle the old electrical wiring, and the subsequent stages of installation work are the same.
Carrying out the installation of the switchboard, on which the switch will be located.
Inside the structure, an electric cable is inserted until it is connected. The wire is connected only by a master electrician who has the appropriate professional qualifications, which is confirmed by a certifying document.
The input cable is connected to the electrical distribution panel as follows:
- a blue electrical wire is attached to the zero mark;
- a whitish wire is attached to the phase;
- grounding is possible with a yellow-green wire.
The connection of the machines is carried out using a whitish jumper wire or a special factory bus.
When installing the wire, carefully follow all safety rules.
If a person has certain knowledge in the field of electricity, you can install the electrical wiring yourself, just look at the step-by-step instructions with photos, which are many on the Internet.
But if a person has a very vague idea of the installation process and knows almost nothing about electricity, it is necessary to turn to the services of a professional master electrician. He will quickly and efficiently install new or replace old wiring in your home, if necessary, while ensuring the maximum degree of safety for residents.
DIY wiring photo
The first thing to say is that laying electrical wiring yourself is quite dangerous. According to statistics, more than 70% of fires in private sectors occur due to mistakes made during wiring. In case of doubt and lack of basic knowledge about how to make electrical wiring in the house, it is better to trust the specialists at all, or at least carry out work with an experienced assistant.
The electrical wiring of the premises must initially be carefully designed and rechecked before starting installation work.
You should be aware that the price of a mistake when it comes to electricity is too high. All kinds of installation errors during further operation can lead to serious consequences.
Step by step action plan
In general, the entire process of electrification of a private house can be divided into the following points:
- Creation of a gasket drawing with all symbols of individual wiring components.
- Laying wires in or on walls.
- Installation of the shield, distribution boxes, as well as sockets and switches.
- Connection of contacts of all elements.
- Careful checking of correct connections, testing, and commissioning of wiring.
By and large, there is nothing super complicated in self-installation of electrical wiring. It is only important to choose the right wires, taking into account the load placed on them and not to forget about protection devices.
Wiring plan drawing
First of all, before starting the laying of wires, you should make a detailed drawing of the wiring diagram in a private house. This is necessary to understand the scope of further work and facilitate the installation process.
When creating a drawing, it will be easier to decide what to do when laying wires in problem areas. For example, situations sometimes arise when it is difficult to move conductors to a safe distance from water or heating pipes, and even the potential for water to get on electrical wires cannot be allowed. 
You should never place wires diagonally in the recesses of the walls. Perhaps this will save a certain amount of material, but it will greatly complicate the whole work. According to the unspoken rules, wiring is laid only vertically or horizontally.
The plan, with all possible further changes, is best left, not thrown away. Since sooner or later it may be needed during repairs.
Preparatory work
After creating the drawing, for convenience, you can transfer the wire lines to the wall and begin further work. It is important to decide what type of wiring will be - closed or open.
Closed wiring type
Despite the complexity of installation, closed wiring in a private house is the most popular, since the wires recessed into the thickness of the walls do not require any additional decoration.
The work of creating hidden wiring is very dusty. You will have to work a lot as a grinder and, but after the installation is completed, all the wires will be neatly hidden under a layer of plaster or cement mortar.
Making open wiring is much easier and faster. The wires are laid in special tubes and. All devices that are provided for the installation of open wiring are made of fireproof or self-extinguishing plastic.
It is worth remembering that when wiring in private do-it-yourself, it is the open type of installation that is chosen. Trying to lay wires inside wood is prohibited.
Wire selection
It is important to choose the right wires for installation. To do this, the load placed on them should be taken into account. The calculation of electrical wiring in a private house with your own hands is generally simple. Most often, all energy consumers are divided into groups with approximately equal power, and wires are selected with the same cross section.
The wire can be purchased aluminum or copper. Despite the fact that the cost of aluminum wires is significantly lower than copper wires, such wiring is now rarely used. This is due to the fact that budget counterparts are much tougher and more brittle. Working with copper wires is much easier. They are easy to bend, lay in pipes and channels, without fear of breaking.
You should not try to combine aluminum and copper wires in the same network, since the contact point is likely to overheat. This is permissible only with partial replacement of wiring in old houses, where, as a rule, it was aluminum conductors that were used.
For connecting and distributing electricity in a private house, it is advisable to use two-core and three-core wires of the same type. Through the first, lighting devices are fed, and the second serve to supply voltage to sockets with grounding.
It is best to use VVG or PVG wires in a private house with a core cross section of 2.5, 4 and 6 mm 2, which are wrapped in a double insulating layer.
Ground loop
When installing electrical wiring in a private house, it is important to take care of the safety of residents. The main element that ensures safety in the operation of electrical equipment is grounding.
In addition to tapping to the ground, the ground loop must have a residual current device (RCD). It is located directly in the shield. Grounding itself is a massive metal object hammered into the ground.
Do not neglect grounding. In some cases, it can save a person's life.
The wires are connected by soldering, twisting, or using special clamping blocks. To date, the latter method is the most popular, since it greatly simplifies the installation of electrical cables. Twisting is also acceptable, but only when using the same type of cores.
The most reliable connection method is soldering, but at the same time, it is also the most difficult method.
All switching must be in special junction boxes. Leaving single or multiple connections open is prohibited, even with additional insulation.
When the turn has come to connecting sockets, switches, and lighting fixtures, the most important thing is to correctly connect all the wires without confusing them. It is desirable to have the phase and zero in all outlets the same. For example, phase is on the right, and zero is on the left.
The most difficult stage in electrification is the connection of the switchboard. An introductory power cable is supplied to it, from which the wiring branch is distributed to all individual rooms of the building. It is important to understand that the slightest mistake in the wiring diagram in the shield of a private house will certainly provoke a serious problem.
It is best to entrust the work with the shield to a power supply specialist. Here it is extremely important to carefully make all the necessary connections.
security check
In order to check the correctness of all connections and make sure the wiring is safe, it is also better to contact an experienced electrician. For commissioning, it will be necessary to invite the workers of the electrical laboratory to sign a permit to connect to the public network. If employees detect violations, then after their elimination, the check will have to be repeated.
At the end of the topic, it is worth saying that, in general, the installation of electrical wiring in a private house is not difficult. However, it is extremely important to be aware of the danger posed by the process of electrification with multiple violations and ignorance of the basics of electrical safety. All work is best done in a company with a specialist.
Do-it-yourself wiring in the house - video
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