TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHARTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN TYPES OF WORK

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

FOR INSTALLATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

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41131

MOUNTINGSTRUCTURES LARGE-PANE RESIDENTIAL 9-FLOOR NOGO HOUSE SERIES 90

10. INSTALLATION OF TYPICAL FLOOR VENTILATION UNITS

MOSCOW 1991

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. A typical flow chart has been developed for the installation of ventilation units typical floor, large-panel 9-storey residential building series 90.

1.2. The scope of work considered in the map includes the installation of ventilation units.

1.3. All work on the installation of ventilation units is carried out in three shifts. The map provides for the installation of ventilation units with a KB-405.1A tower crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tons at a building height of up to 30 m.

1.4. When linking a typical flow sheet to a specific facility and construction conditions, the procedure adopted in the map for the installation of ventilation units, placement of machinery and equipment, scope of work, mechanization tools are specified in accordance with design decisions.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. Prior to the installation of ventilation units, organizational and preparatory measures must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 "Organization of construction production".

In addition, the following work must be done:

mounted, external and internal wall panels (in case of installation, ventilation units adjacent to the internal wall panels and sanitary cabins);

all structures of a typical floor, including floor slabs, have been installed (in the case of installation of free-standing ventilation units);

the channels of the downstream ventilation unit are cleaned from the remnants of the solution and other foreign objects;

mechanisms, inventory and devices were delivered to the site and prepared for operation;

workers and engineers are familiar with the technology of work and trained in safe working methods.

2.2. Installation of the above-ground part of the building, including ventilation units, is recommended to be carried out with tower cranes.

The location of the tower crane and the distance of the crane tracks from the building is set when linking the map, depending on the space-planning solution of the building and the brand of the crane. The maximum distance from the axis of movement of the crane to the wall is determined by its technical characteristics, the minimum - by the safety conditions of work in accordance with SNiP III-4-80* "Safety in construction". The layout of the mounting crane is shown on,.

2.3. Transportation of ventilation units is carried out by semi-trailers-panel carriers in a vertical or slightly inclined (no more than 12 ° to the vertical) position.

Ventilation units are placed on panel carriers in accordance with loading cards, which are compiled at manufacturing plants according to the installation schedule of objects.

Vehicles must have the necessary devices to ensure the stable position of the ventilation units during transportation and protect them. them from damage.

Under the cables that secure the ventilation units, soft pads should be placed to avoid damage to the edges and surfaces.

Installation of ventilation units is carried out mainly from vehicles. In the case when installation from vehicles is not possible, the ventilation units are unloaded onto a salary located in the area of the installation crane.

Store ventilation units in a warehouse in cassettes or in pyramids ().

and the unloading must be uniform on both sides of the pyramid to prevent it from tipping over. Slinging and unslinging of ventilation blocks, stored in a pyramid warehouse , is produced from its upper platform .

Loading and unloading operations and transportation ventilation units are produced in compliance with the measures excluding the possibility of their damage.

The solution is prepared centrally and delivered to the site using road transport means : mortar carriers, concrete trucks, truck mixers and dump trucks.

Mortar mixtures at the construction site should be stored in container boxes, in swivel buckets, in bunkers, in nodes and installations for receiving, mixing and issuing mixtures.

Supply of solution to the place of work carry out assembly crane in mortar boxes.

2.4. Installation of ventilation blocks adjacent to the internal wall panels and sanitary cabins is carried out during the installation of internal wall panels, partitions and sanitary cabins. Installation of freestanding ventilation units produced after the installation of floor slabs.

Slinging ventilation blocks carry outuniversal traversefour-branched for two loops (). The angle of inclination of the slings to the vertical is allowed no more than 15 °.

The installation of ventilation units is carried out according to the grips (one block-section is taken for the grip) and is carried out in a certain technologicalsequences. Scheme sequences installation of ventilation units using the example of block - section 90-05 is shown on.

Ventilation blocks are installed on a layer cement mortar with the combination of channels in height and careful monolithic horizontal seams. To prevent solution ingress to the channels ventilation block , it is spread on top of the template - frame with plugs . After laying the solution, the frame is removed and the installation proceeds. ventilation block .

Installation of ventilation units adjacent to internal wall panels and sanitary cabins are carried out as follows:

the ventilation unit delivered by a crane to a height of 0.2 - 0.3 m from the mortar bed is accepted by installers;

reconcile its position and lower it onto the mortar bed. At the same time, the installers make sure that the hinges of the lower block fit into the grooves of the block being installed. Alignment of ventilation blocks is performed by combining the axes of two mutually perpendicular faces of the installed blocks at the level of the lower section with the risks of the axes of the lower block. Relative to the vertical plane, the blocks are installed by aligning the planes of two mutually perpendicular faces with the help of a plumb line.

the adjusted ventilation unit is temporarily attached to the inner wall panel with two clamps ();

after alignment and temporary fixing of the ventilation unit, installers unsling the unit.

Temporary fastenings (clamps) can be removed only after the installation of sanitary cabins adjacent to the installed blocks.

Installation of free-standing ventilation units is carried out in the following technological order:

the ventilation unit delivered to the place of installation is received and directed into the hole in the floor slab. The installer, located on the underlying floor, takes it at a distance of 0.2 - 0.3 m from the mortar bed and turns it in the right direction;

the ventilation block is lowered onto the prepared mortar bed and its position is aligned, aligning the axes of two mutually perpendicular faces of the block at the level of the lower section with the risks of the axes of the lower block. If there are deviations from the design position, the installers correct the bottom of the block with mounting crowbars;

installers located on the overlying floor correct the position of the top of the block, and after reaching the design position, fix it with wooden wedges ();

after the final reconciliation, making sure that the temporary fastening is reliable, the block is unstrapped.

The internal cavity of the channels must be cleaned of the squeezed out solution with a mop.

The places where the ventilation unit passes through the floor slab are sealed with cement mortar.

2.6. When doing work in winter time it is necessary to be guided by the instructions of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", as well as current instructions, manuals and special project instructions.

Winter working conditions are determined by the average daily outdoor temperature below 5°C and the minimum daily temperature below 0°C (SNiP 3.03.01-87).

In winter, it is necessary to ensure proper warehousing and storage of structures in the on-site warehouse, protecting them from ice formation. The top of the ventilation blocks in the warehouse is sewn with panels of rolled material.

Before lifting the ventilation unit, check whether it is frozen to the ground or neighboring products.

Preparation of ventilation units for installation includes their cleaning from snow and ice, especially carefully at the joints. Cleaning should be done with scrapers or steel brushes. Upon completion of the removal of ice, the surfaces to be joined should be dried with a jet of hot air.

It is not allowed to use steam to clean the mating surfaces, hot water or saline solution.

Prior to the installation of ventilation units, snow and ice should be removed from the ceiling and butt joints, sprinkled with sand workplace, storage areas and aisles, flights of stairs and platforms, clear the channels of the mounted ventilation unit from snow.

Installation work in winter conditions should be carried out using the same tools, fixtures and equipment as in the summer.

All rigging and mounting fixtures must be kept ice-free and dry. Couplings and screw connections must be lubricated with oil.

Installation of ventilation units in winter conditions can be carried out on solutions with antifreeze additives that ensure their hardening in the cold.

As antifreeze additives introduced into solutions, sodium nitrite should be used ( NaNO 2 ), complex additive NCM (sodium nitrite + urea), potash ( K2CO3 ) and a combined additive of potash and sodium nitrite.

The use of anti-frost additives - sodium nitrite, is recommended at an outdoor temperature of up to minus 15 ° C, NKM - up to minus 20 ° C, potash and a mixture of sodium nitrite with potash - up to minus 30 ° C.

The amount of antifreeze additives, depending on the outdoor temperature, should be prescribed in accordance with the "Guidelines for the installation of large-panel residential buildings with a small step", TsNIIEPzhilishcha, 1980.

When mounting at a temperature below minus 20°C, the solution should be applied one grade higher than the design one.

The solution for the next mounted ventilation unit should be spread immediately before its installation in place.

The use of a solution that has been frozen and thawed with hot water is not allowed.

On the construction site the usual mortar mixture must be stored in an insulated container located in a specially designated place, protected from wind and precipitation.

Storage of a solution with the addition of sodium nitrite at temperatures up to minus 15°C, with potash - up to minus 30°C is allowed in non-insulated containers.

The work log should record the outside air temperature, the amount of additive introduced into the solution and other data reflecting the effect on the process of hardening solutions.

Table 1

Name of the set of machines and equipment	Variant (facet code)	Technical specifications		Quantity, pcs.
Mounting crane		Tower crane with lifting capacity
Mounting crane		Tower crane with a lifting capacity of 9 t
Vehicles		Semi-trailer-panel carrier of cassette type with a carrying capacity of 12 tons

		Semi-trailer-panel carrier of spinal type with a carrying capacity of 14t

Equipment		Mobile compressor unit		1 - ventilation blocks; 2 - warehouse-pyramid. Rice. - 3 Ventilation block slinging scheme 1 - universal traverse (four-branch self-balancing) Rice. - four. The scheme of the sequence of installation of prefabricated structures of a typical floor at the reception of sections 90-05 Rice. - 5. Note: 1. On the diagram of the sequence of installation of structures, the numbers in the numerator indicate the brand, and in the denominator - the ordinal number of the installation of structures. 2. Structures marked with () are unloaded to the on-site warehouse and mounted in order of priority. Alignment of the ventilation unit.* Scheme of temporary fastening of the ventilation unit to the wall panel.	Solution supply
mortar shovel
			Leveling the mortar
	TU 22-4629-80		Surface cleaning
Bucket galvanized	GOST 20558-82		Storage of water or solution in the workplace
Darning	266.000.000 trust "Mosorgstroy"		Sealing horizontal joints
Blank frame template			Mortar bed device
mop	R.ch. MS-397 Ortyugstroy Institute of the Ministry of Yugstroy of the RSFSR		cleaning ventilation ducts from solution
Measuring tape, metal			Measuring elements and staking out axes
Folding steel meter	TU 2-17-303-84		Element measurement
Metal measuring ruler
Rail-plumb	3295.03.000 TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR		Determination of verticality when installing blocks
Fitters' booth	3295.07.000 TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR		Winter heating and tool storage
Construction helmet			Head protection
Safety belt	GOST 12.4.089-86		Fall protection
Gloves (mittens) special			Protecting hands from injury

The need for materials and semi-finished products for the installation of ventilation units of a typical floor is given in Table. 6

Table 6

Name of material, design (brand, GOST)	Variant (facet code)	Initial data			Need
Name of material, design (brand, GOST)	Variant (facet code)	unit	scope of work in normative units	accepted rate of consumption of materials	in materials

Cement mortar M100 (mortar bed) GOST 28013-89		100 pieces. blocks
Cement mortar M100 (for sealing the passage of ventilation units through the floor slab) GOST 28013-89					7.8. Work sites, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them in the dark must be illuminated. 7.9. When carrying out installation work, you should use the system of conditional signals established by the administration. All signals are given by only one person (foreman, team leader, rigger), except for the “Stop” signal, which is given by any person who has noticed a clear danger (SNiP III-4-80* p. 12.18). 7.10. In the area (seizure) where installation work, it is not allowed to perform other work and find unauthorized persons (SNiP III-4-80* p. 12.1). 7.11. The ventilation units should be mounted in the technological sequence provided by the map. In this case, the following installation rules must be observed: before lifting the blocks, check the quality and reliability of their slinging; it is not allowed to lift by crane the blocks clamped by other elements or frozen to the ground ; move blocks in a horizontal direction at a height of at least 0.5 m and at a distance of at least 1 m from other structures; do not carry the ventilation units with a crane above the working installers' place, as well as over the area where other construction works are being carried out; accept the block to be delivered only when it is 0.2 - 0.3 m away from the installation site. When accepting an element, installers do not should be between it and another structure. 7.12. Install ventilating blocks should follow without shocks , without allowing impacts on other designs . 7.13. During breaks in work it is not allowed to leave raised ventilation units or weights on weight. 7.14. Installed in the design position, the ventilation units must be fixed so that their stability is ensured and geometric immutability. Unslinging of structures installed in the design position is allowed to be carried out after their permanent or temporary reliable fastening. It is not allowed to move the installed structures after their slinging. 7.15. Solution boxes should only be installed in junctions floor slabs to each other, i.e. e . above interior wall panels. 7.16. When preparing a mortar mixture using chemical additives, it is required to take measures to prevent skin burns and eye damage. This work should be carried out in accordance with the "Guidelines for the use of concrete with antifreeze additives." 7.17. When performing work in winter, landings, marches, walkways, mounted ventilation units, as well as mounting devices must be cleared of snow and ice, and workersplacesto sprinklesand. 7.18. Notallowedfulfillmountingworkon theheight inopenplacesatspeedwind 15 m/ Withandmore, atblack ice, thunderstormandfog, exclusivevisibilityinwithinfrontworks. 7.19. If ainprocessmountingventilation blocksformedopenopenings, towhichavailableaccess, of people, necessaryinstallinventoryportablefencesorenjoyshields forfloorsholes. 7.20. Atworkon theheightinstallersandotherworkersmustto beequippedverifiedandWages of assembly workers r.-k.	20 - 56
Salary of machine operators, r.-k.	7 - 10
Duration of work, shifts	0,99
Output per worker per shift, ventilation units	6,99
Conditional costs for mechanization, r.-k.	31 - 30
The amount of variable costs, r.-k.	51 - 86

9. FACETTED FACTOR CLASSIFIER

FACET 01

Unloading elements for on-site salary

Factor name	Rationale	Factor value
Weight unloaded ventilation units, t, up to: 1	§ E 1-7, No. 28 a, b K \u003d 0.8 (PR-2)	According to costing
2	Too, № 29 a, b	N.T. and rates for the driver multiply by 0.688. N.T. and rates for the rigger multiply by 0.692
3	The same, No. 30 a, b	N.T. and rates for the driver multiply by 0.438. N.T. and prices for the rigger multiply by 0.431

FACET 0 2

Height from the level of planning marks

Factor name	Rationale	Factor value
Rygota, m, up to: 15	ENiR, Sat. 4, no. 1, introductory part, item 3	According to costing
	Too, HF-1	Multiply the time limit and price by 1.05

FACET 03

Weightmountedelement

Factor name	Rationale		Factor value
Mass of the ventilation unit, t, up to:
	§ E 4-1-14,* 1		According to costing
	Same, No. 2		Multiply the time and price by 1.5
	Same, no. 3
	Same, no. 4	and

FACET 04

Inningssolutiontoplaceworktowercrane(heightrisebefore 12 m)

FACET 05

The height of the solution lifting to the place of work by a tower crane

Factor name	Rationale	Factor value
Lifting height, m, up to:
	§ E 1-7, No. 9 a, b	According to costing
	The same, No. 9a, b + c, d	Multiply the time rate and price by 1.2037
	Too, № 9a, b + 2 c, d	Same, 1.407
	The same, No. 9 a, b + 3 c, d	Same, 1.611
	The same, No. 9 a, b + 4c, d	Same, 1.815

FACET 06

Consumptioncementsolutionon the 100 PCS. blocks(mortarbed), m 3

Note. Framed in the table are the values of the factors , for which the indicators in this technological map are calculated .

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Typical flow chart for installation and
mounting internal systems ventilation and
air conditioning with supply and exhaust
installations and equipment systems
refrigeration supply

Typical routing
(TTK)

Project code: 1012/40

Explanatory note

2012

1. General data. 2

2. Organization and technology of the construction process. 2

2.1. Materials and production of air ducts. 2

2.2. Preparatory work.. 4

2.2.1. General provisions. four

2.2.2. Delivery, warehousing and storage of elements of ventilation and air conditioning systems. four

2.3. Works of the main period. Installation.. 8

2.3.1. Systems installation internal ventilation and conditioning. General provisions. eight

2.3.2. Installation of air ducts. 9

2.3.3. Fan installation. ten

2.3.4. Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems. eleven

2.4. Test and commissioning works.. 11

2.4.1. Testing and commissioning of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems. eleven

2.4.2. Testing of refrigeration systems. 12

3. Requirements for the quality and acceptance of work. 12

3.1. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air ducts. 13

3.2. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of fans. 16

3.3. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air conditioners. eighteen

4. Safety requirements and labor protection, environmental and fire safety. eighteen

5. The need for material and technical resources. 22

6. Technical and economic indicators. 23

1. GENERAL DATA

This technological map has been developed for the installation and installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems with air handling units and equipment for refrigeration systems in industrial, administrative, public and residential buildings.

The technological map is compiled taking into account the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

Air ducts made of sheet steel roofing with a diameter and size larger side up to 2000 mm, it is necessary to produce:

Spiral lock or straight seam on folds;

Spiral welded or straight seam welding.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a side dimension of more than 2000 mm should be made panel (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts from metal-plastic should be made on folds, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as from sheet aluminum and its alloys - on folds or by welding.

Air ducts made of sheet aluminum and its alloys with a thickness of up to 1.5 mm should be made on folds, with a thickness of 1.5 to 2 mm - on folds or welding, and with a sheet thickness of more than 2 mm - on welding.

Longitudinal seams on air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing and stainless steel and sheet aluminum with a diameter or larger side size of 500 mm or more must be fixed at the beginning and end of the air duct link by spot welding, electric rivets, rivets or gouging.

Seams on air ducts for any metal thickness and manufacturing method must be cut-off.

The end sections of the seam seams at the ends of the air ducts and in the air distribution openings of the metal-plastic air ducts must be fixed with aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating that ensures operation in aggressive environments specified by the working documentation.

Seam seams must have the same width along the entire length and be evenly tightly upset.

Seam ducts, as well as cutting charts, should not have cruciform seam joints.

On straight ducts rectangular section with a side section of more than 400 mm, stiffness in the form of bends (ribs) with a step of 300 - 500 mm along the perimeter of the duct or diagonal bends (ribs) should be structurally implemented. With a side of more than 1000 mm and a length of more than 1000 mm, in addition, it is necessary to install external stiffening frames, with a step of no more than 1250 mm. The stiffening frames must be securely fixed by spot welding, rivets or self-tapping screws.

Stiffening frames must be installed on metal-plastic air ducts using aluminum or steel rivets with an oxide coating, which ensures operation in aggressive environments specified in the working documentation.

Elements of fittings should be connected to each other on ridges, folds, welding, rivets.

Elements of fittings made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other on folds.

Zig connections for systems transporting air of high humidity or with an admixture of explosive dust are not allowed.

Connecting sections should be done:

for round air ducts in a flangeless way (nipple/sleeve), bandage connection or on flanges;

for rectangular ducts: rail (large/small) or flanged. Connections must be strong and tight.

Fixing the tire on the air duct should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the medium being moved), spot welding, pitting through 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four. Internal corners tires must be filled with sealant.

Fastening of flanges on air ducts should be carried out by flanging with a persistent ridge, by welding, by spot welding, by rivets with a diameter of 4–5 mm or by self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the conveyed medium), placed through 200–250 mm, but not less than four.

Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) should be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.

Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel, their connecting fasteners (including the inner surfaces of the flanges) must be primed (painted) at the procurement enterprise in accordance with the working documentation. final coloring outer surface air ducts are produced by specialized construction organizations after their installation.

Ventilation blanks must be completed with parts for their connection and fastening means.

2.2. Preparatory work

2.2.1. General provisions

Installation must be carried out by industrial methods from air duct assemblies and equipment supplied as a set in large blocks.

Installation of systems should be carried out at the construction readiness of the object (grip) in the amount of:

For industrial buildings- the whole building with a volume of up to 5000 m 3 and part of the building with a volume of more than 5000 m 3;

For residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or more sections; over five floors - five floors of one or more sections.

Another scheme for organizing installation is possible, depending on the adopted design scheme.

2.3.2. Installation of air ducts

The method of installation of air ducts should be chosen depending on their position (horizontal, vertical), placement relative to structures (near the wall, near columns, in the inter-farm space, in the mine, on the roof of the building) and the nature of the building (single or multi-storey, industrial, public and etc.).

As shaped parts of a complex geometric shape, as well as for joining ventilation equipment, air diffusers, silencers and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of fiberglass SPL, metal-fabric, aluminum foil etc. The use of flexible air ducts as straight links is not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, flexible hose parts must have a minimum compression ratio in the assembled position.

Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts;

Installation of means of fastening;

Coordination with the builders of the locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

Checking the completeness and quality of the delivered duct parts;

Assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

Installing the block in the design position and fixing it;

Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

The length of the block is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

Organization charts working area when installing air ducts are given in fig. 9 - 10.

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts
on outer wall building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift;
4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Rice. 10. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal
air ducts in the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct assembly; 4 - pendants

2.3.3. Fan mounting

Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

Acceptance of premises of ventilation chambers;

Delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the place of installation;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging of the fan or individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

Fan installation (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan

Attaching the fan to support structures;

Checking the operation of the fan.

During the installation of fans, step-by-step operational control should be carried out in accordance with operational control cards.

2.3.4. Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems

Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems should be carried out in the following sequence:

Acceptance of premises or site for equipment;

Delivery of the unit or its individual parts to the place of installation;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging of the installation or its individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of equipment to the installation site;

Installation (assembly) of equipment on supporting structures (foundation, site);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of equipment;

Fixing the installation to the supporting structures;

Commissioning works

Checking the operation of the equipment.

2.4. Testing and commissioning

Upon completion of installation work, contractors must perform tests of internal systems. Tests should be carried out before the start of finishing work.

Commissioning works are carried out after the completion of construction and installation works, during the preparation and transfer of systems into operation. As a rule, they consist of individual tests and complex testing.

Comprehensive testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems of a building (structure, etc.) is carried out according to the program and schedule developed by the general contractor or, on his behalf, by the commissioning organization. The results of complex tests are drawn up in the form of an act.

2.4.1. Testing and commissioning of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems

The final stage of installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems is commissioning and commissioning of systems. Acceptance of works is carried out in the following sequence:

Examination of hidden works;

Individual testing of ventilation equipment (run-in);

Delivery for pre-launch testing and commissioning.

Air ducts and

ventilation equipment hidden in shafts, suspended ceilings, etc. The results of the acceptance of work hidden by subsequent work, in accordance with the requirements of the design and normative documentation issued by certificates of examination of hidden works.

Check for tightness of sections of air ducts hidden by building structures using the aerodynamic test method (if the requirements are specified in the detailed design); based on the results of the leak test, draw up a certificate of inspection of hidden works.

Individual tests of ventilation equipment (run-in) are carried out in order to check the operability of electric motors and the absence of mechanical defects in the rotating elements of the equipment. As a rule, running-in is carried out after installation of the equipment with a connected air duct network. In cases of installation large equipment in hard-to-reach places (roofs of buildings, basements, etc.), it is recommended to perform a run-in before the equipment is delivered to the installation site (at the production base or directly at the construction site).

When running equipment with a disconnected network, it is prohibited to turn on without creating artificial resistance (plug 3/4 of the suction hole).

The running-in of the ventilation equipment is carried out within 1 hour, or by checking the values of the current of the motor operating in the operating mode.

The discrepancy between readings should not exceed 10% of the current values I n indicated on the engine.

In the absence of power supply ventilation units and air conditioning on a permanent basis starting devices carried out by the general contractor.

Based on the results of testing (running in) of ventilation equipment, an act of individual testing of the equipment is drawn up (Appendix E, SP 73.13330.2012).

When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems for design air flow rates, the following should be performed:

Check the compliance of the actual design of ventilation and air conditioning systems with the design documentation and the requirements of SP 73.13330.2012;

Testing fans when they are working in the network, checking the compliance with the actual specifications passport data, including: air consumption and full pressure, speed, power consumption, etc.;

Checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of irrigation chambers or air coolers;

Determination of flow and resistance of dust collecting devices;

Action check exhaust devices natural ventilation;

Testing and adjustment of the ventilation network of systems in order to achieve design indicators for air flow in air ducts, local exhausts, for air exchange in rooms and determination of air leaks or air losses in systems.

Deviations of air flow rates from those provided for by the design documentation after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:

Within ±8% - according to the air flow rate passing through the air distribution and air intake devices of general ventilation and air conditioning installations, provided that the required air overpressure (rarefaction) in the room is ensured;

Up to +8% - in terms of air consumption, removed through local exhausts and supplied through shower pipes.

For each ventilation and air conditioning system, a passport is issued in two copies (Appendices G, SP 73.13330.2012).

2.4.2. Refrigeration system testing

Testing of water cooling systems should be carried out with the heat generators and expansion vessels turned off by the hydrostatic method with a pressure equal to 1.5 working pressure, but not less than 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm 2) at the lowest point of the system.

The system is recognized as having passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure:

The pressure drop will not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf / cm 2);

There are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and equipment.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

Quality control of work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out by specialists or special services that are part of construction organization or attracted from outside, equipped technical means providing the necessary reliability and completeness of control.

The quality control of work is carried out at all stages of the technological chain, from the development of the project to its implementation at the facility on the basis of PPR and technological maps. Quality control should include incoming control of working documentation, structures, products, materials and equipment, operational control of individual installation processes or production operations and assessment of the conformity of the work performed.

At input control the working documentation is checked for completeness and sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the performance of work.

During the incoming inspection of products, materials and equipment, it is checked external inspection their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the availability and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.

3.1. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air ducts

Air ducts must be installed in accordance with design references and elevations. Connection of air ducts to process equipment should be carried out after its installation.

Air ducts intended for transporting humidified air should be installed in such a way that there are no longitudinal seams in the lower part of the air ducts.

Sections of air ducts in which dew may fall out of the transported moist air should be laid with a slope of 0.01 - 0.015 towards drainage devices.

Gaskets between busbars or duct flanges must not protrude into the ducts.

Gaskets must be made of the following materials: foam rubber, tape porous or solid rubber 4-5 mm thick, polymeric mastic bundle (PMZH) - for air ducts through which air, dust or waste materials move with a temperature of up to 343 K (70 ° C) .

To seal flangeless duct connections, the following should be used:

Sealing tape of the "Guerlain" type - for air ducts through which air moves with a temperature of up to 313 K (40 ° C);

Buteprol type mastic, Silicone and other certified sealants - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 343 K (70 ° C);

Heat-shrinkable cuffs, self-adhesive tapes - for round air ducts with temperatures up to 333 K (60 °C);

Other sealing materials specified in the working documentation.

Bolts in flange connections must be tightened, all bolt nuts must be located on one side of the flange. When mounting bolts vertically, the nuts should normally be on the underside of the connection.

Air ducts should be fixed in accordance with the working documentation.

Fixings for horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts (clamps, hangers, supports, etc.) on a shroud wafer connection should be installed:

At a distance of no more than 4 m from one another with the diameters of the circular duct or the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct less than 400 mm.

At a distance of no more than 3 m from one another - with the diameters of the circular duct or the dimensions of the larger side of the rectangular duct 400 mm or more.

Fasteners of horizontal metal non-insulated air ducts on a flange, nipple (coupling) connection should be installed at a distance of no more than 6 m from one another:

For round section with diameter up to 2000 mm,

For a rectangular section on flanges, a busbar on a flange connection of a round section with a diameter of up to 2000 mm or a rectangular section with dimensions of its larger side up to 2000 mm inclusive.

The distances between the fasteners of insulated metal air ducts of any cross-sectional dimensions, as well as uninsulated air ducts of circular cross-section with a diameter of more than 2000 mm or rectangular cross-section with dimensions of its larger side of more than 2000 mm, should be assigned by the working documentation.

The nipple (coupling) should be fastened with rivets 4-5 mm in diameter or self-tapping screws 4-5 mm in diameter every 150-200 mm of the circumference, but not less than three.

Clamps should tightly cover metal air ducts.

Fasteners of vertical metal air ducts should be installed at a distance of no more than 4.5 m from one another.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts inside the premises of multi-storey buildings with a floor height of up to 4.5 m should be carried out in interfloor ceilings.

Fastening of vertical metal air ducts indoors with a floor height of more than 4.5 m and on the roof of the building should be determined by the working documentation.

Fastening of stretch marks and hangers directly to the duct flanges is not allowed. The tension of the adjustable hangers must be uniform.

The deviation of air ducts from the vertical must not exceed 2 mm per 1 m of air duct length.

Freely suspended ducts should be braced by installing double hangers every two single hangers with a hanger length of 0.5 to 1.5 m.

For hangers longer than 1.5 m, double hangers should be installed through each single hanger.

Ducts must be supported so that their weight is not transferred to the ventilation equipment.

Air ducts, as a rule, should be connected to fans through vibration-isolating flexible inserts made of fiberglass or other material that provides flexibility, tightness and durability.

Vibration-isolating flexible connectors should be installed immediately before individual tests.

In the manufacture of straight sections of air ducts from a polymer film, air duct bends of no more than 15 ° are allowed.

To pass through the building envelope, the air duct made of polymer film must have metal inserts.

Air ducts made of polymer film should be suspended on steel rings made of wire with a diameter of 3 - 4 mm, located at a distance of no more than 2 m from one another.

The diameter of the rings must be 10% larger than the diameter of the duct. Steel rings should be fastened with a wire or plate with a cutout to a carrier cable (wire) with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, stretched along the axis of the air duct and fixed to the building structures every 20 - 30 m.

To exclude longitudinal movements of the air duct when it is filled with air, the polymer film should be stretched until the sagging between the rings disappears.

Table 1. Operational control chart for the installation of metal air ducts

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Delivery of air duct parts to the installation site	Checking the completeness of the ventilation system (presence of control devices, fasteners, etc.)		Constant 100%. Visually. Compliance with the picking list, sketches
Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts	Fastening installation step in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85	Roulette I= 10 m Plumb M = 200 g	Permanent 100%
	drilling depth	steel meter	Permanent 100%
Installation of fasteners	Mounting strength		Constant 100%. Visually
Assembly into enlarged units of parts of air ducts, control and air distribution devices on site	Correct assembly in accordance with the project. Tightness of connections		Visually. Permanent 100%
Rise to the design level and interconnection of enlarged air duct assemblies with preliminary fixing	The position of the transverse seams and detachable connections air ducts in relation to building structures. Verticality of risers. Absence of kinks, curvature in straight sections of air ducts	plumb line M= 200 g	Visually Permanent 100%
Alignment of mounted air ducts and their final fixing	Horizontal installation of air ducts and observance of slopes in the distributing sections of air ducts. Density of coverage of the duct by clamps. Reliability and appearance mounts	Metal meter, tape measure I= 10 m, level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Connecting air ducts to ventilation equipment	Correct installation of soft inserts (no sagging)		Constant 100%. Visually
Testing the operation of control devices	Smooth operation of control devices		Output 100%. Visually

3.2. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of fans

Radial fans on vibration bases and on a rigid base, installed on foundations, must be fixed with anchor bolts.

When installing fans on spring vibration isolators, the latter must have a uniform draft. Vibration isolators do not need to be fixed to the floor.

When installing fans on metal structures, vibration isolators should be attached to them. Elements of metal structures to which vibration isolators are attached must match the corresponding frame elements of the fan unit.

When installed on a rigid base, the fan frame must fit snugly against the soundproofing pads.

The gaps between the edge of the front disk of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe of the radial fan, both in the axial and radial directions, should not exceed 1% of the impeller diameter.

Shafts radial fans must be installed horizontally (shafts roof fans- vertically), vertical walls of casings centrifugal fans should not have distortions and inclinations.

Gaskets for composite fan shrouds should be of the same material as the duct gaskets for this system.

The motors must be accurately aligned with the fans installed and secured. The axes of the pulleys of electric motors and fans with a belt drive must be parallel, and the center lines of the pulleys must match. Belts must be tensioned in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

Motor slides must be mutually parallel and level. The supporting surface of the slide must be in contact over the entire plane with the foundation.

Couplings and belt drives should be protected.

The suction opening of the fan, which is not connected to the air duct, must be protected metal mesh with a cell size of not more than 70 × 70 mm.

Table 2. Card of operational control of installation of centrifugal fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Delivery of the fan unit to the installation site	Checking the availability and quality of components		Constant 100%.
Installing the frame on stands. Installation of vibration isolators under the frame	Horizontal foundation, frames	Level I= 300 mm	Permanent 100%
Installation of fans on a frame with vibration isolators	Pulley verticality, shaft horizontality	plumb line M= 200 g	Permanent 100%
Assembly of fans on the frame: installation of the fan frame installation of the lower part of the fan casing installation of the turbine with its frame fastened to the frame installation of the inlet pipe	Fastening strength. Gap between the edge of the front disc of the impeller and the edge of the inlet pipe. Fastening strength		Visually. Permanent 100%
Installation of the upper part of the casing and connection on the flanges of the individual parts of the fan casing	Connection tightness		Visually. Permanent 100%
Adjustment and final mounting of vibration isolators on the frame	Uniformity of settlement of vibration isolators. Strength of fastening of vibration isolators to the frame		Visually. Permanent 100%
Turbine balancing before start-up	Correct position of the turbine wheel		Constant 100%. (when scrolling, the risks should not match)
Mounting the sled and motor on the sled	Parallelism of the sled. The strength of the fastening of the electric motor to the sled. The strength of the connection between the electric motor and the fan. Parallelism of the axes of the fan and motor shafts. Ease of rotation of the fan and motor shafts	Level I= 300 mm	Constant 100%. Visually
Mounting the sled and motor on the sled			Visual, hand-tested
Installing the belt drive on the pulleys. Belt guard	The alignment of the grooves for the V-belts of the fan pulleys and the electric motor. Correct belt tension	Cord (cord tension in the plane of the ends of the pulleys), steel meter, testing by hand	Permanent 100%
Connection of air ducts to the fan with installation of flexible connectors	Tightness of connections. No sag in flexible connectors		Visually. Permanent 100%

Table 3. Installation operational control chart axial fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
	quality (lack of mechanical damage), completeness		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Installing the fan unit on metal brackets. Fan mount	Strength of supporting structures. The strength of the fan attachment to the supporting structures. vertical, horizontal	plumb line M= 200 g	Visually. Permanent 100%
Checking fan operation	The gap between the ends of the blades and shells. Correct direction and ease of rotation of the impeller		Constant 100%. Visual, hand-tested

Table 4. Operational control chart for installation of roof fans

Technological process	Controlled indicators	Measuring tool	Type of control
Supply of a fan complete with an electric motor to the installation site	Completeness, quality (lack of mechanical damage)		Constant 100%. Visually, compliance with the passport data of the fan and electric motor
Checking the levelness of the bowl support flange	Horizontal	Level I= 300 mm	Permanent 100%
Connecting the self-opening damper to the fan	Ease of valve movement		Constant 100%. Visual, hand-tested
Installing the fan housing on the glass with its fastening with anchor bolts	The strength of the fan attachment to the supporting structures. shaft verticality. Ease of rotation of the fan and motor shafts. Gap between inlet pipe and impeller	plumb line M= 200 g	Constant 100%. Visual Test by hand
			Permanent 100%
Checking fan operation	Correct direction of wheel rotation		Constant 100%. Visually (according to the project)

3.3. Requirements for the quality of work on the installation of air conditioners

Air conditioner air heaters should be assembled on gaskets made of certified material, with heat resistance corresponding to the temperature of the coolant. The remaining blocks, chambers and units of air conditioners should be assembled on gaskets made of tape rubber 3-4 mm thick, supplied with the equipment.

Air conditioners must be installed horizontally. The walls of chambers and blocks should not have dents, distortions and inclinations.

The valve blades must turn freely (by hand). In the "Closed" position, the tight fit of the blades to the stops and to each other should be ensured.

The supports of the chamber blocks and air conditioner units must be installed vertically.

Flexible air ducts should be used in accordance with the working documentation as fittings of complex geometric shapes, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, silencers and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers.

The use of flexible air ducts as main air ducts is not allowed.

Mounting fan coil units, closers, split systems should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers.

4. REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY

Installation of ventilation ducts must be carried out in accordance with the requirements for safety, sanitation and occupational health established by building codes and rules on labor safety in construction.

Before being allowed to work on the installation of ventilation ducts, the heads of organizations are obliged to provide training and briefing on labor safety at the workplace.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination without contraindications to work at height, have professional skills, have been trained in safe methods and techniques of work and have received an appropriate certificate are allowed to perform work at height.

To perform independent climbing work in accordance with the List of hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which it is prohibited to use the labor of persons under eighteen years of age, persons (workers and engineering and technical workers) not younger than 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and recognized as fit to perform steeplejack work, having at least one year of experience in climbing work and a tariff category of at least three.

Workers admitted to climbing for the first time must work for one year under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed by order of the organization.

Persons who have undergone appropriate training, instructions and knowledge of the rules of safe work with registration in a special magazine and who have a qualification certificate are allowed to perform electric welding work. Persons with medical contraindications are not allowed to work at heights.

Persons at least 18 years old who have passed a medical examination, trained in the rules for using the tool, labor safety and having an electrical safety group of at least II are allowed to work with an electrified tool, and for connecting and disconnecting electric points with a group of at least III. All electrified tools are subject to accounting and registration in a special journal. Each copy of the tool must have an account number. Monitoring the serviceability and timely repair of electrified tools is assigned to the department of the chief mechanic of a construction organization. Before issuing an electrified tool, it is necessary to check its serviceability (the absence of a short circuit to the case, the insulation of the supply wires and handles, the condition of the working part of the tool) and its operation at idle.

Responsibility for the proper organization of safe work at the facility rests with the work foreman and foreman.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as workers in a state of intoxication to the territory of the construction site, to production, sanitary facilities and workplaces is prohibited.

Work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as equipment for refrigeration systems, is carried out on the basis of a work permit for the performance of work under conditions of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors.

Installation should be carried out only if there is a project for the production of works, technological maps or wiring diagrams. In the absence of these documents, installation work is prohibited.

The installation procedure determined by the project for the production of works must be such that the previous operation completely excludes the possibility of an industrial hazard when performing subsequent ones. Installation of air ducts and equipment parts of ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems should, as a rule, be carried out in large blocks using lifting mechanisms.

There must be no people under the mounted elements. It is impossible to fix a suspended air duct or a block of air ducts to trusses, ceilings and other building structures in places not provided for by the project for the production of works.

Installation of air ducts from scaffolding, scaffolding and platforms must be carried out by at least two workers.

The alignment of the flange holes when connecting the air ducts should be done only with mandrels. It is forbidden to check the coincidence of the holes of the connected flanges with your fingers.

Hemp rope braces should be used to prevent swinging or twisting of the lifted duct units.

Work on the installation of ventilation ducts is allowed to be carried out only with a serviceable tool. Wrenches must exactly match the dimensions of the nuts and bolts, have no beveled edges and no burrs on the handle. You should not unscrew or tighten the nuts with a wrench of large (compared to the head) sizes with a lining of metal plates between the faces of the nut and the wrench, and also extend the wrenches by attaching another wrench or pipe.

Workplaces and work areas during installation at night should be illuminated. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting fixtures on workers. Work in unlit places is not allowed.

Before starting work on the installation of internal systems, places that are dangerous for work and the passage of people should be fenced off, provided with inscriptions and signs, safety signs should be installed, and when working at night, marked with light signals.

When installing air ducts, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fasteners, for which the duct installer can secure himself when working at height.

Operation of construction machines (lifting mechanisms, small-scale mechanization), including Maintenance, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 and the instructions of manufacturers. The operation of hoisting mechanisms, in addition, must be carried out taking into account PB 10-382-00 "Rules for the design and safe operation of hoisting cranes."

Places for performing electric welding with an open arc must be fenced with fireproof screens, shields, etc.

In the production of electric welding work in the open air, sheds made of non-combustible materials must be built over installations and welding stations. In the absence of canopies, electric welding work during rain or snowfall should be stopped.

To protect against drops of molten metal and slag falling during electric welding, a dense platform covered with sheets of roofing iron or asbestos cardboard should be installed under the welding site in places where people pass.

When installing ventilation ducts on roofs with a slope of more than 20 °, and also, regardless of the slope, on roofs that are wet and covered with hoarfrost or snow, workers must use safety belts, as well as ladders with a width of at least 0.3 m with transverse strips for foot rest; ladders during work must be fixed.

Loading and unloading operations should be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.002-75*, GOST 12.3.009-76*.

Loading and unloading operations must be carried out mechanized using lifting and transport equipment and small-scale mechanization. Lifting loads manually should be in exceptional cases, observing the norms established by the current documents.

Containers should be used when loading and unloading ventilation duct blanks and their parts. During the lifting, lowering and moving of the container, workers should not be on it or inside it, as well as on adjacent containers.

Slinging and unslinging of goods should be carried out in accordance with PB 10-382-00.

The supply of materials, ventilation blanks, equipment to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Workpieces and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that there is no danger during the performance of work, passageways are not cramped and it would be possible to assemble air ducts into enlarged blocks. Need to follow up correct placement equipment and workpieces on the floors, avoiding concentration and not exceeding the permissible loads per 1 m 2 of the floor.

Ventilation blanks should be stored in stacks with a height of no more than 2.5 m on gaskets and linings. Large and heavy equipment should be stored in one row on linings.

The storage area for blanks and ventilation equipment at the construction site must be fenced and located in the area of the operating crane. The storage area must be planned, have slopes for water runoff, and be cleared of snow and ice in winter.

Explosive or harmful paintwork and other materials may be stored at workplaces in quantities not exceeding shift needs. Such materials must be stored in tightly closed containers.

Between stacks (racks) on sites and warehouses, passages with a width of at least 1 m and driveways should be provided, the width of which depends on the dimensions of transport and handling facilities serving the warehouse or site.

Leaders assembly organizations are obliged to provide workers, engineering and technical workers and employees with overalls, special footwear and other means personal protection in accordance with regulatory requirements.

All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets. Workers and engineering and technical workers without protective helmets and other necessary funds personal protective equipment is not allowed to perform work on the installation of air ducts.

When working at heights, installers of ventilation systems must always use safety belts.

Workers and employees who receive personal protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, safety belts, helmets, etc.) must be trained in the rules for using them.

All work on the installation of ventilation ducts should be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of responsible engineers in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SP 73.13330. 2012 with strict observance of labor safety requirements in accordance with:

Files flat square, trihedral, round, semicircular with a notch No. 1, 2, 3

Steel metalwork hammer

Shield of the welder

Mounting and traction mechanism

Rack jack

drilling machine

Grinder electric

electric wrench

Electric screwdriver

Electric perforator

Electric scissors

Mounting device for moving goods

Manual winch

Jack hydraulic

Riveting gun

Safety climbing device

6. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Technical and economic indicators are designed for the installation of air ducts.

The composition of the integrated team for the installation of air ducts, taking into account the possibility of combining professions, is given in Table 6.

Table 6 - Composition of the brigade

As an example of the installation of ventilation ducts, we will take the installation of vertical risers of air ducts with a size of 800 × 800 mm with an area of 100 m 2 using a manual winch.

The cost of labor and machine time for the installation of ventilation ducts was calculated according to the "Uniform norms and prices for construction, installation and repair and construction work" (shown in Table 7)

Unit of measure 100 m 2 ventilation ducts.

Table 14 - Calculation of labor costs and machine time

Justification (ENiR and other norms)		Scope of work	Norm of time	labor costs
Justification (ENiR and other norms)		Scope of work	workers, man-hours	workers, man-hours	machinist, man-h. (work of machines, mach.-h.)
E9-1-46 No. 1a	Drilling holes with an electric drilling machine in building structures
E1-2 Tab. 3 No. 1ab	Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts
E10-5 Tab. 12 No. 4v	Assembly of air ducts into enlarged blocks, installation of fasteners, lifting and installation of blocks, connection of an installed block with a previously mounted one, alignment and final fixing of the system
E10-13 Tab. 2g Applicable	Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical ducts

The duration of work for the installation of ventilation ducts is determined by the work schedule presented in Table 8.

Technical and economic indicators are:

Table 8 - Work Schedule

Name technological processes

Scope of work

labor costs

Accepted line-up

Process duration, h

Work shifts

workers, people-h.

driver, man-hour, (work of machines, machine-hour)

Working hours

Drilling holes in building structures

Ventilation system installer

Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts

Loader driver

rigger

Assembly of air ducts into enlarged blocks, lifting and installation of blocks, alignment and final fixing of the system

Ventilation system installers

Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical ducts

Ventilation system installers

Typical flow chart for installation and
installation of internal ventilation systems and
air conditioning with supply and exhaust
installations and equipment systems
refrigeration supply

Typical routing
(TTK)

Project code: 1012/40

Explanatory note

2012

1. GENERAL DATA

The technological map is compiled taking into account the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

Air ducts made of sheet steel roofing with a diameter and larger side up to 2000 mm should be manufactured:

Spiral lock or straight seam on folds;

Spiral welded or straight seam welding.

Air ducts made of thin-sheet roofing steel with a side dimension of more than 2000 mm should be made panel (welded, glue-welded).

Air ducts from metal-plastic should be made on folds, and from stainless steel, titanium, as well as from sheet aluminum and its alloys - on folds or by welding.

Seams on air ducts for any metal thickness and manufacturing method must be cut-off.

Seam seams must have the same width along the entire length and be evenly tightly upset.

Seam ducts, as well as cutting charts, should not have cruciform seam joints.

On straight sections of air ducts of rectangular cross section with a side section of more than 400 mm, stiffness in the form of bends (ribs) with a step of 300 - 500 mm along the perimeter of the air duct or diagonal bends (ribs) should be structurally implemented. With a side of more than 1000 mm and a length of more than 1000 mm, in addition, it is necessary to install external stiffening frames, with a step of no more than 1250 mm. The stiffening frames must be securely fixed by spot welding, rivets or self-tapping screws.

Elements of fittings should be connected to each other on ridges, folds, welding, rivets.

Elements of fittings made of metal-plastic should be connected to each other on folds.

Zig connections for systems transporting air of high humidity or with an admixture of explosive dust are not allowed.

Connecting sections should be done:

for round air ducts in a flangeless way (nipple/sleeve), bandage connection or on flanges;

for rectangular ducts: rail (large/small) or flanged. Connections must be strong and tight.

Fixing the tire on the air duct should be done with rivets with a diameter of 4 - 5 mm, self-tapping screws (in the absence of fibrous components in the medium being moved), spot welding, pitting through 200 - 250 mm, but not less than four. The inner corners of the tire must be filled with sealant.

Regulating devices (gates, throttle valves, dampers, air distributor control elements, etc.) should be easy to close and open, and also be fixed in a given position.

Air ducts made of non-galvanized steel, their connecting fasteners (including the inner surfaces of the flanges) must be primed (painted) at the procurement enterprise in accordance with the working documentation. The final painting of the outer surface of the air ducts is carried out by specialized construction organizations after their installation.

Ventilation blanks must be completed with parts for their connection and fastening means.

2.2. Preparatory work

2.2.1. General provisions

Rice. 1. Slings

a - lightweight sling with loops; b - lightweight sling with hooks;
c - four-branch sling

The load to be lifted should be kept from rotation by guys made of hemp ropes with a diameter of 20 - 25 mm or guys made of steel ropes with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm. For horizontal elements ventilation systems (enlarged air duct units) should use two braces, for vertical ones (sections of air conditioners, roof fans, air ducts, etc.) - one.

The most common slinging methods are shown in fig. - .

Rice. 2. Slinging VPA-40

Rice. 3. Slinging of the autonomous air conditioner KTR-1-2.0-0.46

Rice. 4. Slinging of radial (centrifugal) fans version No. 1

Rice. 5. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 1

Rice. 6. Slinging of fans Ts4-70 No. 6 - 8, version No. 6

Rice. 7. Slinging fans Ts4-70 No. 10, 12.5

Rice. 8. Slinging the duct

For the entire installation period, areas for storing air ducts should be equipped.

The device of the on-site storage of air ducts must meet the following basic requirements:

Be located near access roads or railways;

The boundaries of the warehouse must be at least 1 m from the road;

be on minimum distance from the object of installation, if possible, in the area of the tower crane;

Do not interfere with the production of construction and installation works;

Duct storage areas should be carefully planned with a slope of 1 - 2° for venting. surface water, covered with draining sand or gravel, and, if necessary, have ditches;

Passages, driveways and loading and unloading areas must be cleared of debris, construction waste (in winter - from snow and ice) and sprinkled with sand, slag or ash;

Storage of ventilation products must be organized in compliance with the requirements of work safety and fire protection;

At the corners of an open warehouse, barrier poles should be installed, warning signs for drivers of vehicles and signs with the name of the installation department or site and the location of the receiver of goods should be posted;

The warehouse must be lit.

Warehousing and storage of air ducts must be organized in accordance with current regulations and subject to the following requirements:

Rectangular air ducts must be stacked; straight sections with a height of no more than 2.7, shaped parts - no more than 2 m;

Round air ducts should be installed vertically;

Air ducts delivered in inventory containers should be stored in these containers at specially organized container sites. It is prohibited to store air ducts and other products in railway containers;

Each air duct during storage should be laid on wooden inventory linings;

Air ducts in stacks should be placed taking into account the installation sequence: stacks and containers should be provided with signs;

Passages at least 1 m wide must be left between the stacks; every three stacks, driveways for vehicles 3 m wide should be arranged.

The movement of air ducts along the ceilings of multi-storey buildings is carried out using lifting and transport equipment or by manual transport.

2.3. Works of the main period. Mounting

2.3.1. Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems. General provisions

Installation of internal ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 73.13330.2012, SP 48.13330.2011, SNiP 12-03-2001, SNiP 12-04-2002, standards and instructions of equipment manufacturers, as well as in accordance with fire safety requirements SP 7.13130.2009.

Installation must be carried out by industrial methods from air duct assemblies and equipment supplied as a set in large blocks.

Installation of systems should be carried out at the construction readiness of the object (grip) in the amount of:

For industrial buildings - the entire building with a volume of up to 5000 m 3 and part of the building with a volume of more than 5000 m 3;

For residential and public buildings up to five floors - a separate building, one or more sections; over five floors - five floors of one or more sections.

Another scheme for organizing installation is possible, depending on the adopted design scheme.

2.3.2. Installation of air ducts

As fittings of complex geometric shape, as well as for connecting ventilation equipment, air distributors, noise suppressors and other devices located in false ceilings, chambers, etc., flexible air ducts made of SPL fiberglass, metal fabric, aluminum foil, etc. should be used. flexible ducts as straight links are not allowed.

In order to reduce aerodynamic drag, flexible hose parts must have a minimum compression ratio in the assembled position.

Installation of metal air ducts should be carried out, as a rule, in enlarged blocks in the following sequence:

Marking the places of installation of means of fastening air ducts;

Installation of means of fastening;

Coordination with the builders of the locations and methods of fastening lifting equipment;

Delivery to the place of installation of air duct parts;

Checking the completeness and quality of the delivered duct parts;

Assembly of air duct parts into enlarged blocks;

Installing the block in the design position and fixing it;

Installation of plugs on the upper ends of vertical air ducts located at a height of up to 1.5 m from the floor.

The length of the block is determined by the cross-sectional dimensions and type of air duct connection, installation conditions and the availability of lifting equipment.

The length of enlarged blocks of horizontal air ducts connected on flanges should not exceed 20 m.

Schemes of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts are given in fig. - .

Rice. 9. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of air ducts
along the outer wall of the building

1 - console with block; 2 - winch; 3 - auto-hydraulic lift;
4 - traverse; 5 - guy; 6 - block

Rice. 10. Scheme of the organization of the working area during the installation of horizontal
air ducts in the building

1 - winch; 2 - traverse; 3 - enlarged air duct assembly; 4 - pendants

2.3.3. Fan mounting

Fans must be installed in the following sequence:

Acceptance of premises of ventilation chambers;

Delivery of the fan or its individual parts to the place of installation;

Installation of lifting equipment;

Slinging of the fan or individual parts;

Lifting and horizontal movement of the fan to the installation site;

Fan installation (fan assembly) on supporting structures (foundation, platform, brackets);

Checking the correct installation and assembly of the fan

Fixing the fan to the supporting structures;

Checking the operation of the fan.

During the installation of fans, step-by-step operational control should be carried out in accordance with operational control cards.

2.3.4. Installation of equipment for refrigeration systems

When adjusting ventilation and air conditioning systems for design air flow rates, the following should be performed:

Check compliance of the actual design of ventilation and air conditioning systems with project documentation and requirements SP 73.13330.2012 ;

Testing fans when they work in the network, checking the compliance of the actual technical characteristics with passport data, including: air flow and total pressure, rotational speed, power consumption, etc.;

Checking the uniformity of heating (cooling) of heat exchangers and checking the absence of moisture removal through the drop eliminators of irrigation chambers or air coolers;

Determination of flow and resistance of dust collecting devices;

Checking the operation of natural ventilation exhaust devices;

Deviations of air flow rates from those provided for by the design documentation after adjustment and testing of ventilation and air conditioning systems are allowed:

Up to +8% - in terms of air consumption, removed through local exhausts and supplied through shower pipes.

For each ventilation and air conditioning system, a passport is issued in two copies (Appendices G, SP 73.13330.2012).

2.4.2. Refrigeration system testing

The system is recognized as having passed the test if, within 5 minutes of being under test pressure:

The pressure drop will not exceed 0.02 MPa (0.2 kgf / cm 2);

There are no leaks in welds, pipes, threaded connections, fittings and equipment.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

Quality control of work on the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems should be carried out by specialists or special services that are part of the construction organization or outsourced, equipped with technical means that provide the necessary reliability and completeness of control.

During the input control of working documentation, its completeness and sufficiency of the technical information contained in it for the performance of work is checked.

During the incoming inspection of products, materials and equipment, an external inspection checks their compliance with the requirements of standards or other regulatory documents and working documentation, as well as the presence and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.